CN112143579A - 一种沥青清洗剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种沥青清洗剂及其制备方法,所述沥青清洗剂的制备原料包括二甲基辛癸酰胺、妥尔油脂肪酸甲酯和助剂。本发明的沥青清洗剂对沥青溶解速度快,无刺激气味,无腐蚀性,可生物降解,不易燃,稳定性好,使用起来更加方便安全。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于清洗剂技术领域,尤其涉及一种沥青清洗剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
沥青是由不同分子量的碳氢化合物及其非金属衍生物组成的黑褐色复杂混合物,是一种高黏度有机液体,呈液态,表面呈黑色,可溶于二硫化碳。沥青一般不溶于水,可溶于甲苯、二甲苯等有机物。沥青主要用于涂料、塑料、橡胶等工业以及铺筑路面等。
目前清洁沥青使用较多的清洗剂多为溶剂型的,所使用的溶剂主要包括甲苯、二甲苯、三氯乙烯、石油醚等,毒性高、挥发性强,甚至还存在易燃易爆、操作不安全等缺点,对环境造成污染,极大地限制了此类清洗剂的应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术缺点,提供一种沥青清洗剂及其制备方法,易生物降解,绿色环保。
本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种沥青清洗剂,其制备原料包括二甲基辛癸酰胺、妥尔油脂肪酸甲酯和助剂。
本发明采用的二甲基辛癸酰胺和妥尔油脂肪酸甲酯具有生物可降解性,同时对沥青溶解速度快,二者组合使用不仅能有效达到沥青清洁的目的,能够取代高VOC的甲苯、二甲苯等不环保溶剂,无VOCs排放,绿色环保。
所述二甲基辛癸酰胺和妥尔油脂肪酸甲酯的质量比为15-20:5-10。
所述沥青清洗剂pH为8.7-9.15。
所述助剂包括表面活性剂、分散剂、防锈剂、渗透剂、助溶剂和防腐剂。
所述沥青清洗剂的制备原料按照质量百分比计,包括如下组分:
本发明的沥青清洗剂以水为溶剂。
所述表面活性剂选自C10-18烷基聚乙二醇醚、C13-15羰基聚氧乙烯醚、C9-11乙氧基化烷基醇、乙氧化丙氧化脂肪醇嵌段共聚物(CAS号:174955-61-4)、C10-16脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚-3-羧基-1-磺基丙酸酯二钠盐中的至少两种。表面活性剂分子中同时具有亲水的极性基团和亲油的非极性基团,能够大大降低表面张力,增强润湿力和渗透力。阴离子表面活性剂的亲水基团能够进一步降低水的自由能,减小水分子间的相互作用力,采用两种表面活性剂的协同作用,能够最大限度的发挥润湿、渗透、乳化、皂化作用,增强清洗力、润湿力、提高清洗剂的清洗力。
所述分散剂选自丙烯酸钠均聚物、萘磺酸缩合物钠盐、改性聚丙烯酸中的至少一种。
所述防锈剂选自丙炔醇烷氧基化物、脂肪醇乙氧基化磷酸酯、烷基磷酸衍生物中的至少一种。
所述渗透剂选自十八烷基磺化丁二酸二钠、二烷基磺基琥珀酸钠中的至少一种。
所述助溶剂选自二元酯、二元醇中的至少一种,所述二元酯和二元醇均可选用本领域常见的物质,作为示例,所示二元酯可选用2-甲基戊二酸二甲酯,二元醇可选用异己二醇,但不限于此。二元酯和二元醇具有优异的流动性,无刺激性气味,不易燃,挥发性低,并且能够有助于溶解沥青,提高对被清洗工件的表面洁净度,与表面活性剂共同复配使用,能够提高清洗剂的溶解力和清洗力,缩短清洗时间。
所述防腐剂选自苯氧乙醇、戊二醛、4,4’-二氯-2-羟基联苯醚中的至少一种。
一种沥青清洗剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
将二甲基辛癸酰胺、妥尔油脂肪酸甲酯、助剂和水混合,得到沥青清洗剂。
更具体地,首先将二甲基辛癸酰胺和妥尔油脂肪酸甲酯混合,然后再加入表面活性剂、助溶剂、渗透剂,分散后加入水,搅拌至溶液澄清;最后加入分散剂、防锈剂和防腐剂,搅拌均匀。
相对于现有技术,本发明具有如下有益效果:
本发明的沥青清洗剂对沥青溶解速度快,无刺激气味,无腐蚀性,可生物降解,不易燃,稳定性好,使用起来更加方便安全。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体的实施例进一步说明本发明的技术方案。
实施例1:
一种沥青清洗剂,其组成成分质量配比为:
其中,二甲基新癸酰胺为solvay的RHODIASOLV ADMA810,妥尔油脂肪酸甲酯为Ingevity的Polyfac TE-110(以下实施例2~6采用相同的二甲基新癸酰胺和妥尔油脂肪酸甲酯)
所述沥青清洗剂的制备方法如下:
常温常压,在550r/m的转速下,往反应釜中依次加入二甲基辛癸酰胺、妥尔油脂肪酸甲酯混合搅拌10min,再依次加入C10-18烷基聚乙二醇醚(7EO)、C10-16脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚-3-羧基-1-磺基丙酸酯二钠盐、2-甲基戊二酸二甲酯、十八烷基磺化丁二酸二钠,搅拌10min,加入去离子水,搅拌10min,待溶液澄清后加入萘磺酸缩合物钠盐、丙炔醇烷氧基化物,搅拌10min,加入戊二醛,分散均匀,停止搅拌,静置,得到沥青清洗剂。
实施例2
一种沥青清洗剂,其组成成分质量配比为:
所述沥青清洗剂的制备方法如下:
常温常压,在550r/m的转速下,往反应釜中依次加入二甲基辛癸酰胺、妥尔油脂肪酸甲酯混合搅拌10min,再依次加入C13-15羰基聚氧乙烯醚(8EO)、C10-16脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚-3-羧基-1-磺基丙酸酯二钠盐、异己二醇、二烷基磺基琥珀酸钠,搅拌10min,加入去离子水,搅拌10min,待溶液澄清后加入丙烯酸钠均聚物、烷基磷酸衍生物,搅拌10min,加入苯氧乙醇,分散均匀,停止搅拌,静置,得到沥青清洗剂。
实施例3
一种沥青清洗剂,其组成成分质量配比为:
所述沥青清洗剂的制备方法如下:
常温常压,在550r/m的转速下,往反应釜中依次加入二甲基辛癸酰胺、妥尔油脂肪酸甲酯混合搅拌10min,再依次加入C9-11乙氧基化烷基醇、乙氧化丙氧化脂肪醇嵌段共聚物、C10-16脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚-3-羧基-1-磺基丙酸酯二钠盐、2-甲基戊二酸二甲酯、十八烷基磺化丁二酸二钠,搅拌10min,加入去离子水,搅拌10min,待溶液澄清后加入改性聚丙烯酸、脂肪醇乙氧基化磷酸酯,搅拌10min,加入4,4’-二氯-2-羟基联苯醚,分散均匀,停止搅拌,静置,得到沥青清洗剂。
实施例4
一种沥青清洗剂,其组成成分质量配比为:
所述沥青清洗剂的制备方法如下:
常温常压,在550r/m的转速下,往反应釜中依次加入二甲基辛癸酰胺、妥尔油脂肪酸甲酯混合搅拌10min,再依次加入C10-18烷基聚乙二醇醚(7EO)、C10-16脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚-3-羧基-1-磺基丙酸酯二钠盐、2-甲基戊二酸二甲酯、异己二醇、二烷基磺基琥珀酸钠,搅拌10min,加入去离子水,搅拌10min,待溶液澄清后加入改性聚丙烯酸、丙烯酸均聚物、丙炔醇烷氧基化物、脂肪醇乙氧基化磷酸酯,搅拌10min,加入苯氧乙醇,分散均匀,停止搅拌,静置,得到沥青清洗剂。
实施例5
一种沥青清洗剂,其组成成分质量配比为:
所述沥青清洗剂的制备方法如下:
常温常压,在550r/m的转速下,往反应釜中依次加入二甲基辛癸酰胺、妥尔油脂肪酸甲酯混合搅拌10min,再依次加入C13-15羰基聚氧乙烯醚(8EO)、C10-18烷基聚乙二醇醚(7EO)、C9-11乙氧基化烷基醇、异己二醇、二烷基磺基琥珀酸钠、十八烷基磺化丁二酸二钠,搅拌10min,加入去离子水,搅拌10min,待溶液澄清后加入丙烯酸钠均聚物、萘磺酸缩合物钠盐、烷基磷酸衍生物、丙炔醇烷氧基化物,搅拌10min,加入苯氧乙醇、4,4’-二氯-2-羟基联苯醚,分散均匀,停止搅拌,静置,得到沥青清洗剂。
实施例6
一种沥青清洗剂,其组成成分质量配比为:
所述沥青清洗剂的制备方法如下:
常温常压,在550r/m的转速下,往反应釜中依次加入二甲基辛癸酰胺、妥尔油脂肪酸甲酯混合搅拌10min,再依次加入C13-15羰基聚氧乙烯醚(8EO)、乙氧化丙氧化脂肪醇嵌段共聚物、C10-16脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚-3-羧基-1-磺基丙酸酯二钠盐、2-甲基戊二酸二甲酯、十八烷基磺化丁二酸二钠,搅拌10min,加入去离子水,搅拌10min,待溶液澄清后加入改性聚丙烯酸、脂肪醇乙氧基化磷酸酯,搅拌10min,加入4,4’-二氯-2-羟基联苯醚,分散均匀,停止搅拌,静置,得到沥青清洗剂。
对比例1
本对比例提供一种沥青清洗剂,相较实施例4省去妥尔油脂肪酸甲酯。
具体地,一种沥青清洗剂,其组成成分质量配比为:
所述沥青清洗剂的制备方法如下:
常温常压,在550r/m的转速下,往反应釜中加入二甲基辛癸酰胺,再依次加入C10-18烷基聚乙二醇醚(7EO)、C10-16脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚-3-羧基-1-磺基丙酸酯二钠盐、2-甲基戊二酸二甲酯、异己二醇、二烷基磺基琥珀酸钠,搅拌10min,加入去离子水,搅拌10min,待溶液澄清后加入改性聚丙烯酸、丙烯酸钠均聚物、丙炔醇烷氧基化物、脂肪醇乙氧基化磷酸酯,搅拌10min,加入苯氧乙醇,分散均匀,停止搅拌,静置,得到沥青清洗剂。
对比例2
本对比例提供一种沥青清洗剂,相较实施例2增加了二甲基辛癸酰胺用量。
具体地,一种沥青清洗剂,其组成成分质量配比为:
所述沥青清洗剂的制备方法如下:
常温常压,在550r/m的转速下,往反应釜中依次加入二甲基辛癸酰胺、妥尔油脂肪酸甲酯混合搅拌10min,再依次加入C13-15羰基聚氧乙烯醚(8EO)、C10-16脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚-3-羧基-1-磺基丙酸酯二钠盐、异己二醇、二烷基磺基琥珀酸钠,搅拌10min,加入去离子水,搅拌10min,待溶液澄清后加入丙烯酸钠均聚物、烷基磷酸衍生物,搅拌10min,加入苯氧乙醇,分散均匀,停止搅拌,静置,得到沥青清洗剂。
对比例3
本对比例根据现有技术CN106833926A配制一种沥青清洗剂。
具体地,一种沥青清洗剂,其组成成分质量配比为:
具体制备方法如下:
将C10-18烷基聚乙二醇醚(7EO)、乙氧化丙氧化脂肪醇嵌段共聚物、C10-16脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚-3-羧基-1-磺基丙酸酯二钠盐、聚乙二醇、甲基苯磺酸钠、五水偏硅酸钠和异丙醇,加入到混合器一中,并在35℃的温度下,混合搅拌获得混合物一;将聚天冬氨酸、水解聚马来酸酐和已二胺四亚甲基膦酸,加入到混合器二中,常温下混合搅拌获得混合物二;将所获得的混合物二转移到混合器一中,并加入EDTA-2Na和去离子水,混合搅拌获得成品。
对比例4
本对比例根据现有技术CN102021089A配制一种沥青清洗剂。
一种沥青清洗剂,其组成成分质量配比为:
具体制备方法如下:
将D-苎烯、仲醇聚氧乙烯醚XL-70、烷基糖苷APG、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠AES混合搅拌均匀,再加入乙二醇丁醚继续搅拌至完全溶解后,加入去离子水,搅拌均匀即可。
对比例5
本对比例根据现有技术CN104263565A配制一种沥青清洗剂。
一种沥青清洗剂,其组成成分质量配比为:
具体制备方法如下:
将十二烷基苯磺酸钠LAS、石油醚、三氯乙烯混合搅拌均匀,再依次加入三乙醇胺、异丙醇、二乙二醇乙醚混合搅拌均匀,最后将去离子水缓慢加入,搅拌均匀即可。
将实施例1-6和对比实施例1-5得到的沥青清洗剂进行测试,测试结果的各项指标参见表1:
其中,清洁率测试方法为:在5×5cm铸铝金属片上均匀涂抹沥青,沥青厚度2mm,然后将涂抹了沥青的金属片放入80℃烘箱恒温24h固化,取出固化后的沥青金属片,冷却至室温。常温下,将沥青金属片浸入清洗剂中1.5min,然后取出用水漂洗后烘干,根据沥青残留量计算出清洁率。
挥发率测试方法为:取1L清洗剂,将其置于常温(25℃)的空气中8h,8h后再次测量清洗剂体积,减少量除以总体积为挥发率。
高温稳定性测试方法为:按照QB/T2117-1995《通用水基金属净洗剂》中高温检测方法。
低温稳定性测试方法为:按照QB/T2117-1995《通用水基金属净洗剂》中低温检测方法。
腐蚀性测试方法为:直接观察金属表面,是否有腐蚀斑点及异样
表1.沥青清洗剂性能
根据表1的测试结果可知,实施例1-6的沥青清洗剂呈碱性,清洁率达到99%以上,对沥青具有很好的清洁效果,清洁后对清洁面无腐蚀;同时挥发率在0.5%以下,VOCs排放低,绿色环保。在高温、低温下均具有优异的稳定性。
相比之下,对比例1相较实施例4在原料中省去妥尔油脂肪酸甲酯后,清洁率相较实施例4显著降低;对比例2相较实施例2增加二甲基辛癸酰胺用量后,其清洁率并未出现增高,挥发率却明显增加,说明通过将原料控制在本发明的范围内不仅可以达到很好的清洁效果,还能降低VOCs排放。而对比例3-5为现有沥青清洗剂的常见配方,其存在清洁率过低和/或挥发率高、不稳定的缺陷。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种沥青清洗剂,其特征在于:所述沥青清洗剂的制备原料包括二甲基辛癸酰胺、妥尔油脂肪酸甲酯和助剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述沥青清洗剂,其特征在于:所述二甲基辛癸酰胺和妥尔油脂肪酸甲酯的质量比为15-20:5-10。
3.根据权利要求1所述沥青清洗剂,其特征在于:所述沥青清洗剂pH为8.7-9.15。
4.根据权利要求1-3任意一项所述沥青清洗剂,其特征在于:所述助剂包括表面活性剂、分散剂、防锈剂、渗透剂、助溶剂和防腐剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述沥青清洗剂,其特征在于:所述表面活性剂选自C10-18烷基聚乙二醇醚、C13-15羰基聚氧乙烯醚、C9-11乙氧基化烷基醇、乙氧化丙氧化脂肪醇嵌段共聚物、C10-16脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚-3-羧基-1-磺基丙酸酯二钠盐中的至少两种。
7.根据权利要求5所述沥青清洗剂,其特征在于:所述分散剂选自丙烯酸钠均聚物、萘磺酸缩合物钠盐、改性聚丙烯酸中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求5所述沥青清洗剂,其特征在于:所述防锈剂选自丙炔醇烷氧基化物、脂肪醇乙氧基化磷酸酯、烷基磷酸衍生物中的至少一种。
9.根据权利要求5所述沥青清洗剂,其特征在于:所述渗透剂选自十八烷基磺化丁二酸二钠、二烷基磺基琥珀酸钠中的至少一种。
10.一种权利要求1-9任意一项所述沥青清洗剂的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:将二甲基辛癸酰胺、妥尔油脂肪酸甲酯、助剂和水混合,得到沥青清洗剂。
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