CN112138822B

CN112138822B - Garbage disposal device

Info

Publication number: CN112138822B
Application number: CN202010726555.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 倪玮; 张祺祺; 杨其超; 魏彬
Original assignee: Shanghai Yuhua Environmental Sanitation Co ltd
Current assignee: Shanghai Yuhua Environmental Sanitation Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-07-25
Filing date: 2020-07-25
Publication date: 2022-06-10
Anticipated expiration: 2040-07-25
Also published as: CN112138822A

Abstract

The invention relates to a garbage treatment device, which comprises a discharging mechanism capable of receiving construction garbage and controlling discharging speed, a primary screening mechanism for primarily screening the construction garbage discharged by the discharging mechanism, a crushing mechanism for crushing large-volume construction garbage subjected to primary screening, and a secondary screening mechanism for secondarily screening small-volume construction garbage subjected to primary screening, wherein the primary screening mechanism comprises a primary screening rack, a plurality of screening transmission rollers which are rotatably connected with the primary screening rack and arranged side by side, screening transmission roller power assemblies which are arranged on the primary screening rack and drive the screening transmission rollers to rotate respectively, and screening transmission belts which are arranged below the screening transmission rollers and receive and transmit the small-volume construction garbage subjected to primary screening, a space is reserved between two adjacent screening transmission rollers, and the device can separate the large-volume construction garbage from the small-volume construction garbage, the effect of reducing the crushing pressure of the crushing mechanism.

Description

Garbage disposal device

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of garbage treatment, in particular to a garbage treatment device.

Background

The construction waste contains various materials such as bricks, concrete blocks, plastic cement, wood, paper products and steel bars, wherein the bricks and the concrete can be used as raw materials for paving, and the metal products such as the steel bars can be melted again to manufacture new metal products.

The conventional construction waste sorting device and a construction waste treatment system have a notice number of CN107214184A, and comprise a crushing unit, a sorting unit and a control unit for controlling the sorting unit, wherein the crushing unit is communicated with the sorting unit through a conveying unit; the sorting unit comprises a sorting bin, and an electromagnet, a high-temperature combustion chamber and a vibrating screen are sequentially arranged in the sorting bin; a spray head is arranged at the top of the sorting bin above the vibrating screen; the sorting bin is provided with a detection device for detecting the construction waste.

In view of the above related technologies, the inventor thinks that there is a defect that the construction waste is directly crushed, so that the crushing pressure of the crushing unit is large, and the crushing effect is poor.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to reduce breaker's crushing pressure, this application provides a refuse treatment device.

The application provides a refuse treatment device adopts following technical scheme:

a garbage disposal device comprises a blanking mechanism which can accept building garbage and control blanking speed, a primary screening mechanism which can carry out primary screening on the building garbage which is blanked by the blanking mechanism, a crushing mechanism which can crush the large-volume building garbage which is primarily screened, and a secondary screening mechanism which can carry out secondary screening on the small-volume building garbage which is primarily screened, wherein the primary screening mechanism comprises a primary screening rack, a plurality of screening transmission rollers which are rotatably connected with the primary screening rack and are arranged side by side, a screening transmission roller power assembly which is arranged on the primary screening rack and drives each screening transmission roller to rotate, a screening transmission belt which is arranged below the screening transmission rollers and can accept and transmit the small-volume building garbage which is primarily screened, an interval exists between every two adjacent screening transmission rollers, each screening transmission roller is fixedly connected with a plurality of roller transmission blocks along the length direction, the roller transmission block is characterized in that a plurality of driving grooves are formed in the side face of the roller transmission block in the thickness direction and penetrate through the two side faces of the roller transmission block perpendicular to the axis direction of the screening transmission rollers, staggered splicing arrangement is formed between two rows of roller transmission blocks of two adjacent screening transmission rollers, the screening transmission roller power assembly comprises a roller power motor arranged outside the primary screening rack, a motor gear coaxially and fixedly connected to an output shaft of the roller power motor, a plurality of roller end gears coaxially and fixedly connected to one end, close to one end, of each screening transmission roller, and a plurality of reversing gears which are in one-to-one correspondence rotation connection between every two adjacent roller end gears and meshed with every two adjacent roller end gears, the motor gear is meshed with the close roller end gears, the blanking mechanism comprises a vibrating blanking pipe, a vibrating blanking pipe and a discharging pipe, wherein the vibrating blanking pipe is arranged above one end of the primary screening rack in the length direction and has an opening towards the upper portion of the screening transmission rollers, Fixed connection just is the several buffer boards of slope in vibration unloading inside pipe wall, and the side that vibration unloading inside pipe wall was kept away from to the buffer board is towards the bottom opening of vibration unloading pipe, and two rows of buffer boards that are located two relative inner walls of vibration unloading pipe respectively are the dislocation set, the equal fixedly connected with guide board that is the slope in both sides below the screening driving roller is located to preliminary screening frame, and two guide board bottom are close to and two guide board bottoms are close to in the upper surface of screening within a definite time conveyer belt, crushing mechanism is including locating the broken conveyer belt that preliminary screening frame kept away from vibration unloading pipe one end, locating several non slipping spur of broken conveyer belt outer wall along broken conveyer belt length direction, opening are located the heavy hammer crusher that broken conveyer belt kept away from preliminary screening frame one end below, locate the peripheral crushing frame of heavy hammer crusher, locate the dust fall subassembly that crushing frame and can play the dust fall effect, Locate the broken unloading pipe of broken frame, broken unloading pipe bottom opening fixed connection is in the feed inlet of weight hammer crusher, the dust fall subassembly is including locating the several water smoke shower nozzle that broken frame is located weight hammer crusher discharge gate department, communicate in the water pump of water smoke shower nozzle, locate broken frame and communicate in the water tank of water pump water inlet, set up the spout of locating water tank inner wall department, two slide bars of sliding connection in the spout, laminate in the water tank inner wall and fixed connection in the filter screen box of two slide bars, the opening of the vertical side of filter screen box aligns in the opening of water tank inner wall and water pump intercommunication, the slide bar upper end is close to the upper portion of water tank, secondary screening mechanism is including locating secondary screening machine case that the conveyer belt kept away from preliminary screening frame one end below between the screening, locate secondary screening machine incasement portion and be the slope and can carry out the vibratory screen cloth of secondary screening through self vibration, One end of the fine material conveyor belt is positioned below the vibrating screen, the coarse material blanking net is arranged at the lower end of the vibrating screen, the coarse material conveyor belt is arranged below the coarse material blanking net, the negative pressure separation component is arranged in the secondary screening machine case and can separate light construction wastes on the upper surface of the vibrating screen, the negative pressure separation component comprises a negative pressure pipe arranged on the secondary screening machine case and facing the bottom end of the vibrating screen, a negative pressure fan arranged on the secondary screening machine case and communicated with one end of the negative pressure pipe far away from the vibrating screen, a light collecting box arranged in the secondary screening machine case and communicated with the inside of the negative pressure pipe, a filter grid arranged at the communication position of the light collecting box and the negative pressure pipe, a grid cleaning component arranged on the light collecting box and capable of removing the light construction wastes attached to the filter grid, the conveying direction of the screening conveyer belt is opposite to the moving direction of the large-volume construction wastes on the screening transmission roller, one end of the negative pressure pipe is opened to one end which is lower than the position of the vibrating screen.

By adopting the technical scheme, the screening transmission rollers drive the construction waste to transmit, in the transmission process, the construction waste with smaller volume can leak downwards between two adjacent screening transmission rollers, so that only the construction waste with larger volume can stay on the upper parts of the screening transmission rollers to transmit, the crushing mechanism only needs to crush the construction waste with large volume, the pressure of the crushing mechanism is reduced without communicating silt, cullet, plastic and the like to intensively crush, the crushing effect is also promoted, the separation of the construction waste is facilitated, the crushed material of the construction waste with large volume is more uniform relative to the material which is not primarily screened, the roller transmission blocks can better drive the construction waste with large volume to transmit, the construction waste with large volume is prevented from being difficult to move, and the large-volume construction waste can be blocked by the driving grooves at the same time, the large-volume building rubbish is not easy to slip, and the two adjacent rows of roller transmission blocks are arranged in a staggered insertion mode, so that light rubbish such as plastic bags can be pressed between the two rows of roller transmission blocks to be conveyed downwards, the roller power motor can drive each screening transmission roller to synchronously rotate, meanwhile, effective and stable transmission can be carried out between the screening transmission rollers, so that the building rubbish is placed into a vibration blanking pipe through an excavator to be blanked at a certain speed, meanwhile, the buffer plate can prevent the building rubbish from directly falling to the upper portion of the screening transmission rollers to cause large impact, the two guide plates can stably convey the small-volume building rubbish primarily screened to the screening conveying belt, and the situation that the small-volume building rubbish easily falls to the outer portion of the screening conveying belt in the falling process between the screening transmission rollers is avoided, the crushing conveyor belt moves large-volume materials conveyed by the transmission roller between the screening rooms to the crushing blanking pipe, the antiskid blocks can enable the crushing conveyor belt to be more stable when conveying large-volume construction wastes, dust at the discharge port of the heavy hammer crusher is reduced and restrained, meanwhile, the filter screen box can filter some impurities in the water tank to avoid the influence of a water pump, the slide rod can be taken out from the upper part of the water tank and taken out of the filter screen box, so that the filter screen box can be conveniently cleaned, substances such as silt, small stones of glass sheets and the like can be separated, buildings can be further separated, so that the building can be used for different purposes, meanwhile, when the construction wastes on the upper part of the vibrating screen net move to the coarse material blanking net, the construction wastes can automatically fall to the upper surface of the coarse material conveyor belt, the operation is convenient, a negative pressure environment is created in the negative pressure pipe through the fan, so that light garbage such as plastic bags and plastics on the vibrating screen mesh is sucked into the negative pressure pipe, the construction garbage is further separated, and meanwhile, the light construction garbage can be discharged by the filter grid mesh, so that the light garbage can be prevented from easily entering the negative pressure fan to influence the normal operation of the negative pressure fan.

Preferably, the filtering grid is inclined, one end of the filtering grid close to the negative pressure fan is a low point, the grid cleaning component comprises a plurality of jet ports evenly arranged on the side face in the thickness direction of the grid port of the filtering grid and a high-pressure blower arranged on the secondary screening machine case, the air outlet of the high-pressure blower is communicated with the jet ports, and the opening of the jet ports faces the inside of the light collecting box.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when great or more light rubbish adsorbs on the filtration grid, high-pressure air is sent into to the filtration grid to the accessible high pressure air-blower to will adsorb and detach in the light building rubbish of filtration grid, avoid making the negative pressure pipe reduce towards the negative pressure of vibration screen one end, be difficult to effectively adsorb the light rubbish of vibration screen.

In summary, the invention includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

the screening transmission rollers drive the construction waste to be transmitted, in the transmission process, the construction waste with smaller volume can leak between two adjacent screening transmission rollers, so that only the construction waste with larger volume can stay at the upper parts of the screening transmission rollers to be transmitted, the crushing mechanism only needs to crush the construction waste with large volume, the sand, crushed glass, plastic and the like do not need to be communicated to perform centralized crushing, the pressure of the crushing mechanism is reduced, the crushing effect is improved, meanwhile, the separation of the construction waste is facilitated, and the materials obtained after the construction waste with large volume is crushed are more uniform relative to the materials which are not subjected to primary screening;

when great or more light rubbish adsorbs on the filter grid, high-pressure air is sent into to the filter grid to the accessible high pressure air-blower to light building rubbish that will adsorb in the filter grid is detached, avoids making the negative pressure of negative pressure pipe orientation vibration screen cloth one end reduce, is difficult to effectively adsorb vibration screen cloth's light rubbish.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a partial cross-sectional internal structure of the preliminary screening frame and the vibratory blanking pipe;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view at A in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a power assembly of a screening roller;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view, partly in section, of the crushing mechanism and the water tank;

FIG. 6 is a schematic top sectional view of a secondary screening enclosure to show the internal structure of the secondary screening enclosure;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the secondary screening enclosure of FIG. 6 with a side view partially in section to further illustrate the internal structure of the secondary screening enclosure;

fig. 8 is an enlarged view at B in fig. 7.

In the figure, 1, a blanking mechanism; 11. a lightweight collection box; 12. a filtering grid net; 13. an ejection port; 14. a high pressure blower; 15. a negative pressure tube; 16. a blanking pipe base; 17. crushing the conveyor belt; 18. anti-skid blocks; 19. a crushing guide plate; 2. a preliminary screening mechanism; 21. a chute; 22. a slide bar; 23. a filter screen box; 24. secondary screening machine case; 25. vibrating a screen; 26. a fines conveyor; 27. a coarse material conveyor belt; 28. coarse material blanking net; 29. a negative pressure fan; 3. a crushing mechanism; 31. vibrating the blanking pipe; 32. a buffer plate; 33. a guide plate; 34. a heavy hammer crusher; 35. a crushing frame; 36. crushing the blanking pipe; 37. a water mist spray head; 38. a water pump; 39. a water tank; 4. a secondary screening mechanism; 41. a preliminary screening frame; 42. screening transmission rollers; 43. a screening chamber conveyor belt; 44. a roller transmission block; 45. a driving groove; 46. a roller power motor; 47. a motor gear; 48. a roller end gear; 49. a reversing gear; 5. a fuse plate.

Detailed Description

The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The embodiment of the application discloses refuse treatment device, refer to fig. 1, including accepting the building rubbish that the excavator grabbed and controlling the unloading mechanism 1 of the slow unloading of building rubbish, unloading mechanism 1 below is equipped with can carry out preliminary screening mechanism 2 of preliminary screening to building rubbish, and preliminary screening mechanism 2 is complied with the rear department of the moving direction of building rubbish and is installed respectively and can carry out broken crushing mechanism 3 and go on further screening secondary screening mechanism 4 to the building rubbish that is small in size to building rubbish that the volume is little.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, unloading mechanism 1 is including the vibration unloading pipe 31 that is vertical setting, the unloading pipe base 16 that supports in ground can be dismantled to vibration unloading pipe 31 bottom and be connected with, connect through the spring between unloading pipe base 16 and the vibration unloading pipe 31, vibration unloading is realized through vibrating motor to vibration unloading pipe 31, two sets of buffer boards 32 of fixedly connected with are distinguished to the double-phase internal wall one-to-one of vibration unloading pipe 31, there is the interval and two sets of buffer boards 32 to be the dislocation arrangement in two sets of buffer boards 32, buffer board 32 is slope and the side that buffer board 32 kept away from vibration unloading pipe 31 inner wall is towards the bottom opening of vibration unloading pipe 31, buffer board 32 length direction base is on a parallel with the length direction of screening driving roller 42, make the building rubbish that drops can not pile up the length direction one end at screening driving roller 42.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the primary screening mechanism 2 includes a primary screening frame 41 having one end in the length direction close to the bottom discharge port of the vibrating feeding pipe 31, the primary screening frame 41 is connected with a plurality of screening transmission rollers 42 along the length direction thereof, a space is present between two adjacent screening transmission rollers 42, the length direction of the screening transmission rollers 42 is parallel to the width direction of the primary screening frame 41, the screening transmission rollers 42 are connected with a plurality of roller transmission blocks 44 having oval vertical sections along the length direction thereof, a plurality of driving grooves 45 are uniformly arranged along the axial direction of the side roller transmission blocks 44 in the thickness direction of the roller transmission blocks 44, the opening direction of the driving grooves 45 is in accordance with the rotation direction of the roller transmission blocks 44, two rows of roller transmission blocks 44 of two adjacent screening transmission rollers 42 are inserted in a staggered manner, the screening frame 41 is provided with a screening transmission roller power assembly capable of driving each screening transmission roller 42 to rotate synchronously, referring to fig. 4, the screening driving roller power assembly includes roller end gears 48 coaxially and fixedly connected to one end of the vertical outer wall of each screening driving roller 42 exposed out of the primary screening frame 41 in the length direction, reversing gears 49 are rotatably connected between two adjacent roller end gears 48 on the outer wall of the primary screening frame 41, each reversing gear 49 is meshed with two adjacent roller end gears 48, a roller power motor 46 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of one end of the primary screening frame 41 in the length direction, a motor gear 47 meshed with one adjacent roller end gear 48 is coaxially and fixedly connected to an output shaft of the roller power motor, a screening inter-belt 43 placed on the ground is installed below the primary screening frame 41, the conveying direction of the screening inter-belt 43 is opposite to the moving direction of the large-volume construction waste on the screening driving roller 42, the screening inter-belt 43 is provided with two inclined and horizontal parts, horizontal part length direction of conveyer belt 43 is on a parallel with the vertical side of the length direction of primary screening frame 41 between the screening, conveyer belt 43 inclined part is close to the one end that is in the horizontal part of conveyer belt 43 between the screening for the low point between the screening, the equal fixedly connected with guide plate 33 of both ends department that preliminary screening frame 41 lower part is located screening driving roller 42, guide plate 33 length direction is on a parallel with the length direction of conveyer belt 43 horizontal part between the screening, guide plate 33 is the slope and guide plate 33 bottom is close to mutually, two guide plate 33 bottoms are close to the upper surface center department of conveyer belt 43 horizontal part between the screening.

Referring to fig. 1 and 5, the crushing mechanism 3 includes a crushing conveyor belt 17 located below one end of the primary screening frame 41 away from the length direction of the vibrating blanking pipe 31, the conveying direction of the crushing conveyor belt 17 is opposite to the conveying direction of the inter-screening conveyor belt 43, the crushing conveyor belt 17 is inclined, one end of the crushing conveyor belt 17 close to the primary screening frame 41 is a low point, a plurality of anti-slip blocks 18 are uniformly and fixedly connected to the outer surface of the crushing conveyor belt 17 along the length direction of the conveyor belt, the length direction of the anti-slip blocks 18 is parallel to the width direction of the crushing conveyor belt 17, a crushing guide plate 19 inclined is fixedly connected to one end of the primary screening frame 41 close to the crushing conveyor belt 17, the bottom end of the crushing guide plate 19 is close to the upper surface of the crushing conveyor belt 17, a crushing frame 35 placed on the ground is installed below one end of the crushing conveyor belt 17 away from the primary screening frame 41, a crushing blanking pipe 36 is fixedly connected to the upper portion of the crushing frame 35, the upper end of the crushing blanking pipe 36 receives the construction waste conveyed by the crushing conveyor belt 17, the bottom end of the crushing blanking pipe 36 is fixedly connected with a heavy hammer crusher 34 placed on the ground, a feed inlet at the upper part of the heavy hammer crusher 34 is hermetically communicated with an opening at the bottom end of the crushing blanking pipe 36, the crushing frame 35 is provided with a dust fall assembly capable of reducing dust at a discharge outlet of the heavy hammer crusher 34, the dust fall assembly comprises a plurality of water mist spray heads 37 arranged on the crushing frame 35, spraying openings of the water mist spray heads face the discharge outlet of the heavy hammer crusher 34, the water mist spray heads 37 are communicated with a water pump 38, a water inlet of the water pump 38 is communicated with a water tank 39 arranged at the side edge of the crushing frame 35, two sliding grooves 21 are arranged at the vertical side edge of the communication part of the water tank 39 and the water pump 38 along the vertical direction, the horizontal section of the sliding grooves 21 is in a T shape, the two sliding grooves 21 are respectively positioned at the two sides of the communication opening of the water tank 39 and the water pump 38, the two sliding grooves 21 are in a sliding connection way along the vertical direction, a sliding connection with a sliding rod 22 with the upper end higher than the upper surface of the water tank 39, the two slide bars 22 are fixedly connected with a filter screen box 23 which can slide by being attached to the vertical inner wall of the water tank 39, the filter screen box 23 can filter large impurities in the water tank 39, and an opening of the filter screen box 23 is aligned with a communication opening of the water tank 39 and the water pump 38.

Referring to fig. 6 and 7, the secondary screening mechanism 4 includes a secondary screening machine box 24 installed below one end of a screening chamber conveyor belt 43 far away from a primary screening frame 41, a vibrating screen 25 is fixedly connected inside the secondary screening machine box 24 through a spring, the vibrating screen 25 is driven by a vibrating motor to vibrate to separate silt and small glass pieces and stones, the vibrating screen 25 is inclined, one end of the vibrating screen 25 close to the screening chamber conveyor belt 43 is a high point, a coarse material blanking net 28 with an upper surface flush with the upper surface of the vibrating screen 25 is fixedly connected at a low point of the vibrating screen 25, a coarse material conveyor belt 27 capable of conveying construction waste falling through the coarse material blanking net 28 is installed below the coarse material blanking net 28, a fine material conveyor belt 26 located below the vibrating screen 25 is installed below the coarse material conveyor belt 27, and an inclined guide plate 5 is fixedly connected at a connection position of the vibrating screen 25 and the coarse material blanking net 28, the bottom end of the material guiding plate 5 faces the upper surface of the fine material conveyor belt 26, the bottom end of the material guiding plate 5 is far away from the coarse material conveyor belt 27, the secondary screening machine box 24 is provided with a negative pressure separation component capable of separating light construction wastes on the upper surface of the vibrating screen 25, the negative pressure separation component comprises a negative pressure pipe 15 fixedly connected to the inner upper surface of the secondary screening machine box 24, one end of the negative pressure pipe 15 is opened towards one end of the vibrating screen 25, the outer wall of the secondary screening machine box 24 is fixedly connected with a negative pressure fan 29 with an air inlet communicated with one end of the negative pressure pipe 15 far away from the vibrating screen 25, the vertical inner wall of the secondary screening machine box 24 is fixedly connected with a light collecting box 11, the upper surface of the light collecting box 11 is communicated with the pipe wall at the bottom end of the negative pressure pipe 15, as shown in a combined figure 8, the opening of the negative pressure pipe 15 communicated with the light collecting box 11 is fixedly connected with an inclined filter grid 12, the filter grid 12 is inclined, and one end of the filter grid 12 close to the negative pressure fan 29 is a low point, the light collecting box 11 is provided with a grid cleaning component which can remove light construction waste attached to the filtering grid 12, the grid cleaning component comprises a plurality of jet ports 13 arranged on the side surface of the thickness direction of the grid port of the filtering grid 12, the openings of the jet ports 13 face the lower part of the filtering grid 12 along the vertical direction, and the outer wall of the upper part of the light collecting box 11 is fixedly connected with a high-pressure blower 14 which is communicated with the filtering grid 12 and enables the jet ports 13 to spray high-pressure air.

The implementation principle of the garbage disposal device provided by the embodiment of the application is as follows: the construction waste is sent into the vibration discharging pipe 31 through an excavator, then is slowly discharged onto the screening transmission rollers 42, the roller power motor 46 drives each screening transmission roller 42 to carry out transmission, then the large-volume construction waste is transmitted onto the crushing conveyor belt 17, the crushing conveyor belt 17 transmits the large-volume construction waste into the crushing discharging pipe 36, and then the large-volume construction waste enters the heavy hammer type crusher 34 to be crushed.

The construction waste with small volume falls onto the guide plate 33 from between two adjacent screening transmission rollers 42 and falls onto the screening transmission belt 43, then the screening transmission belt 43 feeds the construction waste with small volume onto the vibration screen 25 in the secondary screening machine box 24 again for secondary screening, then the construction waste such as silt falling from the vibration screen 25 falls onto the upper surface of the fine material transmission belt 26 and is transmitted to the outside of the secondary screening machine box 24, then the construction waste incapable of falling from the upper surface of the vibration screen 25 comes to the bottom end of the vibration screen 25, the negative pressure pipe 15 sucks the light waste such as plastic bags or plastics into the negative pressure pipe 15 under the action of the negative pressure fan 29, then the light waste comes to the communication port of the light collecting box 11 and the negative pressure pipe 15 through the negative pressure pipe 15, then the high pressure fan 14 can send high pressure air into the filter grid 12 and spray out through the spray port 13, so that the light garbage enters the bottom of the light collecting box 11 to be gathered and can be cleaned regularly by manpower.

The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited by the above embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the present application shall be covered by the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a refuse treatment device, is including can accepting unloading mechanism (1) of building rubbish and control unloading speed, the building rubbish to unloading mechanism (1) unloading carries out preliminary screening mechanism (2), can carry out broken mechanism (3) to the bulky building rubbish through preliminary screening, carries out secondary screening mechanism (4) of secondary screening to the little bulky building rubbish through preliminary screening, its characterized in that: preliminary screening mechanism (2) includes preliminary screening frame (41), several rotates and connects in preliminary screening frame (41) and screening driving roller (42) that sets up side by side, locate preliminary screening frame (41) and drive each and sieve driving roller (42) and carry out pivoted screening driving roller power pack, locate screening driving roller (42) below and will accept and conveying the little volume building rubbish through preliminary screening between screening conveyer belt (43), there is the interval between two adjacent screening driving rollers (42), each screening driving roller (42) along the even fixedly connected with several roller driving block (44) of self length direction, roller driving block (44) thickness direction side has seted up several drive groove (45), drive groove (45) run through in roller driving block (44) the both sides face of perpendicular to screening driving roller (42) axis direction, be dislocation grafting setting between two rows of roller drive blocks (44) of two adjacent screening driving roller (42), screening driving roller power component is including locating outside roller motor (46) of tentatively screening frame (41), coaxial fixed connection in motor gear (47) of roller motor (46) output shaft, the coaxial fixed connection of one-to-one in several roller end gear (48) of the close one end of each screening driving roller (42), one-to-one rotate connect between adjacent per two roller end gear (48) and with adjacent per two roller end gear (48) meshing several reversing gear (49), motor gear (47) mesh in close roller end gear (48), unloading mechanism (1) is including locating vibration unloading pipe (31) that tentatively screens frame (41) length direction one end top department and bottom opening towards screening driving roller (42) upper portion and vibration unloading, Fixed connection just is several buffer boards (32) of slope in vibration unloading pipe (31) inner wall in vibration, and the side of vibration unloading pipe (31) inner wall is kept away from in buffer board (32) is towards the bottom opening of vibration unloading pipe (31), and two rows of buffer boards (32) that are located vibration unloading pipe (31) two relative inner walls respectively are dislocation set, preliminary screening frame (41) are located screening driving roller (42) below equal fixedly connected with in both sides and are guide board (33) of slope, and two guide board (33) bottoms are close to mutually and two guide board (33) bottoms are close to in the upper surface of screening within a definite time conveyer belt (43), crushing mechanism (3) are including locating broken conveyer belt (17) of preliminary screening frame (41) keeping away from vibration unloading pipe (31) one end, locating several non slipping spur (18) of broken conveyer belt (17) outer wall along broken conveyer belt (17) length direction, The device comprises a heavy hammer crusher (34) with an opening positioned below one end, far away from a primary screening rack (41), of a crushing conveyor belt (17), a crushing frame (35) arranged on the periphery of the heavy hammer crusher (34), a dust fall component arranged on the crushing frame (35) and capable of playing a dust fall role, a crushing discharge pipe (36) arranged on the crushing frame (35), wherein the bottom opening of the crushing discharge pipe (36) is fixedly connected with a feed inlet of the heavy hammer crusher (34), the dust fall component comprises a plurality of water mist spray heads (37) arranged on the crushing frame (35) and positioned at a discharge port of the heavy hammer crusher (34), a water pump (38) communicated with the water mist spray heads (37), a water tank (39) arranged on the crushing frame (35) and communicated with a water inlet of the water pump (38), a sliding groove (21) arranged on the inner wall of the water tank (39), two sliding rods (22) connected to the sliding groove (21) in a sliding manner, and a filter screen box (23) attached to the inner wall of the water tank (39) and fixedly connected to the two sliding rods (22), the opening of the vertical side surface of the filter screen box (23) is aligned with the opening communicated with the inner wall of the water tank (39) and the water pump (38), the upper end of the slide rod (22) is close to the upper part of the water tank (39), the secondary screening mechanism (4) comprises a secondary screening machine box (24) which is arranged between screening and is provided with a conveyor belt (43) and is far away from the lower part of one end of a primary screening machine frame (41), a vibrating screen (25) which is arranged inside the secondary screening machine box (24) and is inclined and can carry out secondary screening through self vibration, a fine material conveyor belt (26) with one end positioned below the vibrating screen (25), a coarse material blanking net (28) which is arranged at one end with low height of the vibrating screen (25), a coarse material conveyor belt (27) which is arranged below the coarse material blanking net (28), and a negative pressure separation component which is arranged in the secondary screening machine box (24) and can separate the light construction wastes on the upper surface of the vibrating screen (25), the negative pressure separation component comprises a negative pressure pipe (15) which is arranged on the secondary screening case (24) and faces to the bottom end of the vibrating screen (25), a negative pressure fan (29) which is arranged on the secondary screening case (24) and is communicated with one end of the negative pressure pipe (15) far away from the vibrating screen (25), a light collecting box (11) which is arranged inside the secondary screening case (24) and is communicated with the inside of the negative pressure pipe (15), a filtering grid (12) which is arranged at the communication position of the light collecting box (11) and the negative pressure pipe (15), and a grid cleaning component which is arranged on the light collecting box (11) and can remove light construction waste attached to the filtering grid (12), the conveying direction of the screening room conveying belt (43) is opposite to the moving direction of the large-volume construction waste on the screening driving roller (42), and one end of the negative pressure pipe (15) is opened to one end which is lower than the position of the vibrating screen (25).

2. A waste disposal device according to claim 1, wherein: filter cascade (12) and be the slope, filter cascade (12) are close to near negative-pressure air fan (29) one end and are the low point, and cascade clearance part is including evenly offering several injection nozzle (13) in the thickness direction side of the net mouth department of filtering cascade (12), locating secondary screening machine case (24) and air outlet intercommunication in high-pressure blower (14) of injection nozzle (13), and injection nozzle (13) opening is inside towards light collecting box (11).