CN112136971A - 一种利用水产品加工下脚料制备海洋生物添加剂的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种利用水产品加工下脚料制备海洋生物添加剂的方法:取废弃虾头、虾皮、鱼渣和鱼肚破碎为浆状,按物料总量的6‑8%加入氢氧化钠,充分混合搅拌均匀,加温至100℃,在100℃的温度下保温12小时,在低碱量温和的条件下,进行转化反应,然后降至常温,以盐酸调pH值为6.5‑7,即得。本发明利用水产品加工的废弃物经蒸煮、反应转化,将大分子甲壳质、蛋白质分解成动、植物可直接吸收利用的壳聚糖、多肽、小肽、氨基酸小分子物质,营养成分全被利用。本发明不仅可以应用于生物有机肥,也可以应用于饲料加工,增加饲料和肥料产品的可溶性蛋白和免疫功能成分,改良饲料和肥料的营养结构。本发明将废弃水产资源高值化利用,变废为宝,变害为利,防止环境污染。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种利用水产品加工下脚料制备海洋生物添加剂的方法,属于海洋生物添加剂制备技术领域。
背景技术
我国是海洋捕捞、水产养殖大国,也是水产品消费大国,水产品加工厂有大量鱼虾加工下脚料,这些下脚料因为低值或无利用价值,基本被当做废弃物处理,既浪费了资源,也造成了环境的污染。其实,这些废弃物中含有能制备壳聚糖的原料,如虾头、虾壳、虾皮、蟹壳、墨鱼壳,也含有制备蛋白质、多肽、小肽及氨基酸的原料,如乌贼和鱿鱼内脏、鱼头、鱼肚、鱼渣,将这些原料通过科学方法制备成饲料或肥料添加剂,添加入传统饲料或肥料中,将会使得传统饲料或肥料产生功能性的变化,如作为饲料添加剂添加入饲料中养殖动物尤其是养殖水产品,会提高养殖水产品的食欲、采食量,既能增强养殖水产品的自身免疫力,增强体质和抗病力,又能提供水产品生长营养,提高养殖的成功率和生长率。如作为肥料添加剂添加入传统肥料中施于作物,既可对作物补充营养物质,促进根系发达,提高光合作用,促进植物生长,有利于花芽分化,提早成熟,而且品质会大大的改善,果树上喷施,树叶翠绿发亮,病害减少,落花落果减少,果型好,甜度高,瓜菜品质好,产量高,口感好,色泽鲜艳。又可以活化机体细胞、调节机体环境,诱导作物获得系统性抗病免疫力,产生几丁质酶等抗性物质,从而长期抵抗各种病害。能够产生上述作用的原因,在于所述原料经科学方法制备后所产生的如壳聚糖、多肽、小肽、氨基酸这些活性物质。壳聚糖的传统生产方法的基本步骤是原料—酸浸—碱煮—氧化脱色—干燥—脱乙酰基—壳聚糖。作为肥料或饲料添加剂,不需要采取这样的方法,一方面因为这样的方法会产生极高的生产成本,并不是市场能够接受的产品,另一方面作为肥料、饲料也不需要很高纯度的壳聚糖。因此,采取一种适合的方法制备所述添加剂,既能达到增强动、植物营养,调节生长周期,又能提高动植物机体免疫力的作用,并且成本低廉,就显得非常有必要。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种利用水产品加工下脚料制备海洋生物添加剂的方法,通过对海洋生物废弃物的生物化学技术处理及转化,使得原料转变为既有促进动、植物生长的能力也能提高动、植物免疫力的海洋生物添加剂,克服传统生物肥料或饲料生产方法所生产的产品作用单一的不足。
为了实现上述的目的,本发明提供的技术方案是:一种利用水产品加工下脚料制备海洋生物添加剂的方法,包括下述原料及制备方法:
取废弃虾头、虾皮、鱼渣和鱼肚破碎为浆状,按物料总量的6-8%加入氢氧化钠,充分混合搅拌均匀,加温至100℃,在100℃的温度下保温12小时,在低碱量温和的条件下,进行转化反应,然后降至常温,以盐酸调pH 值为6.5-7,即得海洋生物添加剂。
采取上述措施的本发明,利用虾头虾皮、鱼肚、鱼渣等水产品加工的废弃物经蒸煮、反应转化,将大分子甲壳质、蛋白质分解成动、植物可直接吸收利用的壳聚糖、多肽、小肽、氨基酸小分子物质,营养成分全被利用。本发明与传统生产工艺相比,不用强酸强碱除蛋白、脱钙、脱乙酰化处理,既转化生产了壳聚糖产物,又保留了鱼虾蛋白转化的蛋白肽、氨基酸功能养分,同时鱼虾生物钙质也得到保留,鱼虾生物钙也是动植物生长过程必需的宝贵养分。本发明得到的产品养分全面、功能成分丰富,非常适宜用于饲料和肥料添加,不用提纯,产品原料分布广,只要做好原料配比稳定,工艺条件控制好就可以保证产品成分的均一性和稳定性。加工生产成本低廉,废弃物利用,无三废污染,保护了环境。同时价格优势明显,产品应用方向为农业,可以粗放生产和使用,转化产物不用分类提纯,原料成本和制造成本都相对较低廉,因此产品具有价格优势。市场上用虾蟹壳经传统工艺方法生产的壳聚糖价格高昂,20-30万元/吨。用小杂鱼生产的鱼粉价格1万元/吨,品质次一点的也要大几千近万元。本产品3000-6000元/吨即得,肥料级比饲料级便宜。本发明不仅可以应用于生物有机肥,也可以应用于饲料加工,增加饲料和肥料产品的可溶性蛋白和免疫功能成分,改良饲料和肥料的营养结构。本发明将废弃水产资源高值化利用,变废为宝,变害为利,防止环境污染,产品应用于饲料和肥料生产,又能提升饲料和肥料的作用功效和产品质量。
具体实施方式
实施例1
取废弃虾头、虾皮、鱼渣和鱼肚各100公斤,于破碎机中破碎为浆状,加入市售粉剂氢氧化钠24公斤,充分混合搅拌均匀,加温至100℃后,在温度100℃时保温12小时,在低碱量温和的条件下,进行转化反应,然后降至30℃,以盐酸调pH 值为6.5,在这个反应中,虾头、虾壳在碱性条件下发生反应,得到的反应物是壳聚糖,鱼渣和鱼肚在反应中蛋白质链断裂分解为多肽、小肽和氨基酸,因此,得到的产物是含有壳聚糖、蛋白质、多肽、小肽和氨基酸的海洋生物添加剂。
实施例2
取废弃虾头、虾皮、鱼渣和鱼肚各100公斤,于破碎机中破碎为浆状,加入市售粉剂氢氧化钠32公斤,充分混合搅拌均匀,加温至100℃,在温度为100℃时保温12小时,在低碱量温和的条件下,进行转化反应,然后降至28℃,以盐酸调pH 值为7 ,在这个反应中,虾头、虾壳在碱性条件下发生反应,得到的反应物是或称壳聚糖,鱼渣和鱼肚在反应中蛋白质链断裂分解为多肽、小肽和氨基酸,因此,得到的产物是含有壳聚糖、蛋白质、多肽、小肽及氨基酸的海洋生物添加剂。
Claims (1)
1.一种利用水产品加工下脚料制备海洋生物添加剂的方法,其特征在于所述海洋生物添加剂包括下述原料及制备方法:
取废弃虾头、虾皮、鱼渣和鱼肚破碎为浆状,按物料总量的6-8%加入氢氧化钠,充分混合搅拌均匀,加温至100℃,在100℃的温度下保温12小时,在低碱量温和的条件下,进行转化反应,然后降至常温,以盐酸调pH 值为6.5-7,即得海洋生物添加剂。
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