CN112136724B - Method for improving survival rate of Spanish mackerel offspring seed transportation - Google Patents
Method for improving survival rate of Spanish mackerel offspring seed transportation Download PDFInfo
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- CN112136724B CN112136724B CN202010801968.XA CN202010801968A CN112136724B CN 112136724 B CN112136724 B CN 112136724B CN 202010801968 A CN202010801968 A CN 202010801968A CN 112136724 B CN112136724 B CN 112136724B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 241001622901 Scomberomorus commerson Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000002180 anti-stress Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims description 32
- 235000019688 fish Nutrition 0.000 claims description 31
- XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N taurine Chemical compound NCCS(O)(=O)=O XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960003080 taurine Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 241001522629 Eleutheronema tetradactylum Species 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000003938 response to stress Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003097 mucus Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000001706 oxygenating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 1
- 201000004569 Blindness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000025865 Ulcer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000703 anti-shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000397 ulcer Toxicity 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/02—Receptacles specially adapted for transporting live fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/042—Introducing gases into the water, e.g. aerators, air pumps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
- A61K31/365—Lactones
- A61K31/375—Ascorbic acid, i.e. vitamin C; Salts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
- A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
- A61P37/04—Immunostimulants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the survival rate of Spanish mackerel offspring transportation, which comprises the following steps: 1. training the seedlings before transportation; 2. pre-treatment in transportation; 3. and (5) management in the transportation process. Before transportation, the eleutheronema tetradactylum fries are subjected to netting exercise, so that the fries are strong in body, resistant to concentration and resistant to operation, and the stress response degree to manual operation is reduced; during transportation, an anti-stress agent capable of relieving stress is added into transportation water, so that the survival rate of the seedlings can reach 98% within 20 hours of transportation by automobiles and airplanes. The method solves the technical bottleneck problem of high mortality rate of eleutheronema tetradactylum seedlings due to stress reaction in the transportation and pond transfer processes, and provides technical support for realizing large-scale and industrialization of eleutheronema tetradactylum breeding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of marine fish culture, and particularly relates to a method for improving the transportation survival rate of eleutheronema tetradactylum seedlings.
Background
Eleutheronema tetradactylum (eleutheronema tetradactylum) is commonly called as a horseshoe, a young bamboo shoot, a fish at noon, a chapter hop and the like, is distributed in tropical and subtropical sea areas in the western part of the Indian ocean-pacific ocean, is distributed in various sea areas in China, and particularly has a large population quantity in south sea areas. The fish has wide salinity application range, high growth speed, good meat quality and high economic value, has certain scale of culture in the southeast coast of China at present, and is a new species with huge development potential.
Fry transportation is an important technical link in marine fish culture production, and is used for adjusting the surplus of fry and fingerling and ensuring the production requirement of fish culture; the fry price is stabilized, and the burden of a breeding enterprise is reduced; the introduction or popularization of excellent fish species and the export of earning foreign exchange have important significance. The Spanish mackerel belongs to fast swimming fish and has strong stress reaction; due to the change of the transportation environment, the physiological change of the fries in the transportation process is increased, so that the survival rate of the eleutheronema tetradactylum fries in the transportation process is low, which is one of the bottleneck problems which are being researched and solved by the eleutheronema tetradactylum breeding industry at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a method for improving the survival rate of eleutheronemate tetradactylum fry in transportation, which can effectively solve the technical bottleneck problem of high mortality rate of eleutheronemate tetradactylum fry in transportation and pond transferring processes.
The aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical measures: a method for improving the survival rate of Spanish mackerel offspring transportation comprises the following steps:
a. training the seedlings before transportation: selecting healthy and disease-free fries, taking the fries out of the fry culturing pool, putting the fries into a net cage for temporary culture to adapt to still water and fluctuation, and changing the cage for 1-2 times during the temporary culture period to exercise the fries; netting exercise is carried out 1-3 days before the fry is shipped, so that the fish can conveniently evacuate the intestinal tract, the mucus on the body surface is reduced, and the body is strengthened;
b. pre-treatment in transportation: soaking the fry in 10-15ppm potassium permanganate solution for 15-20 min to sterilize the fry; adding anti-stress agent Vit C and taurine into the packaging water for seedling transportation, wherein the Vit C is 7-10ppm, and the taurine is 3-5 ppm;
c. management in the transportation process: the density in transportation is that the ratio of fish water is 1: 1-3; the water temperature of the fry during transportation is controlled at 12-20 ℃.
The invention also includes the options of transportation facilities: the wide-mouth large plastic barrel for short-distance transportation is inflated by an air compressor, and a normal-temperature freight vehicle is used; or a double-layer plastic film bag for long-distance transportation, an oxygen cylinder for oxygen charging and a cold chain heat preservation vehicle.
The invention also comprises the following connection processing of the loading and unloading links: after the fry is transported to the destination, the fry bag is first set inside temporary raising pond and opened after the water temperature inside and outside the fry bag is near.
Further, the management in the transportation process of the invention is as follows: the start time is selected in the morning or in the evening.
Further, the management in the transportation process of the invention: stopping feeding the seedlings before transportation.
Further, the management in the transportation process of the invention is as follows: during open transportation, water is filled to the height of the barrel from 3/5 to 3/4; 1 ten thousand fish fries with the total length of 3-3.5cm or 1.5 ten thousand fish fries with the total length of 2.5-3.0cm are placed in each cubic meter of water body.
Further, the management in the transportation process of the invention is as follows: packaging and transporting by oxygenation, wherein each bag contains 500-600 tails of 3-3.5cm fries, 1500-2000 tails of 2.5-3.0cm fries or 2000-3000 tails below 2.5cm fries.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the method, the Spanish mackerel fries are subjected to netting exercise before transportation, so that the fries are strong in body, resistant to concentration and resistant to operation, and the stress response degree to manual operation is reduced; during transportation, an anti-shock agent capable of relieving stress is added into transportation water, so that the survival rate of the seedlings is as high as 98% within 20 hours of transportation by automobiles and airplanes; the method is simple and convenient to operate, solves the technical bottleneck problem of high mortality rate of the eleutheronema tetradactylum fries in the process of transportation and pond transfer of the fast swimming fish in response to an stress reaction, and provides technical support for realizing large-scale and industrialization of eleutheronema tetradactylum culture.
Detailed Description
A method for improving the survival rate of Spanish mackerel offspring transportation comprises the following steps:
1. and (3) preparation and matching of transportation facilities:
1a, a transport container; the wide-mouth large plastic barrel for short-distance transportation has a round flat bottom, the diameter of the top of the barrel is 1.3m, the diameter of the bottom of the barrel is 115 cm, the height of the barrel is 1m, and the volume of the barrel is about 1.0 t; the long-distance transportation is carried out by oxygenating with a double-layer polyethylene bag, wherein the length of the bag is 70-80cm, the width of the bag is 40cm, and the volume of the bag is about 20 liters.
1b, oxygen supply equipment; the short-distance transportation vehicle-mounted storage battery is connected with a 12V direct current air compressor to charge air into the fish loading barrel, and 2-3 air stones are arranged; oxygen is filled into the plastic bag for containing the fish by an oxygen cylinder for long-distance transportation.
1c, a transport vehicle; the electric three-wheel truck is used for short-distance transportation within 5 kilometers, and the 2-ton normal-temperature box truck is used within 50 kilometers; air-conditioning heat-preservation vehicle for 300 kilometers long-distance transportation.
2. Training the seedlings before transportation:
2a, quality control: selecting fish fries which are regular in specification, strong in body, bright in body color and lively in motion, and removing individuals with scales falling off, body injury ulcers, blindness and germs;
2b, taking the fries out of the fry culture pond, putting the fries into a net cage for temporary culture to adapt to still water and fluctuation, changing the cage for 1-2 times during the temporary culture period to train the fries, and simultaneously removing dead fishes, dirt and classified fishes by the chance of changing the cage;
2c, carrying out netting exercise 1-3 days before the fries are shipped so that the fries can evacuate intestinal tracts, reduce body surface mucus and strengthen the body. Short distance transportation is performed for 1 netting practice, and long distance transportation is performed for 2 netting practices.
3. Pre-treatment in transportation:
3a, soaking the fry in 10-15ppm potassium permanganate solution for 15-20 minutes to disinfect the fry;
3b, before long-distance transportation, carrying out simulated transportation test according to the transportation distance and the preset time so as to evaluate the transportation effect;
3c, counting the fry by adopting an interval method, predicting the fry emergence amount, and if the fry amount is insufficient, complementing in advance to ensure the order requirement of a customer;
3d, adding an anti-stress agent Vit C and taurine into the packaging water until the concentration of the Vit C is 7-10ppm and the concentration of taurine is 3-5 ppm;
and 3e, filling the surface of the bag with the polyethylene bag to be elastic when the bag is oxygenated.
4. Management in the transportation process:
4a, starting and running are carried out when the temperature is low in the morning or at night, and the operation is stopped when the weather is sultry and the air pressure is low;
4b, water filling amount of the transport container: during open transportation, water is filled to the height of the barrel from 3/5 to 3/4; the ratio of fish water in the oxygenated packaging transportation is 1: 2; the ratio of fish water is increased to 1:3 when the fish is transported for a long distance;
4c, open transportation, generally putting 1 ten thousand fish fries with the total length of 3-3.5cm and 1.5 ten thousand fish fries with the total length of 2.5-3.0cm in each cubic meter of water,
4d, oxygenating, packaging and transporting, wherein each barrel of bag contains 500-600 fish fries of 3-3.5 cm; 1500-2000 fish fries of 2.5-3.0 cm; 2000-3000 tails below 2.5 cm;
4e, controlling the water temperature for transporting the fry to be 12-20 ℃, directly putting ice blocks into the fry transporting container, and placing an ice bag or a precooled cold storage bag.
5. The links of lifting, transporting, loading and unloading are as follows:
5a, organizing and receiving fish personnel and related tools and instruments to realize the purpose of placing fishes such as people and the like in a pond and the like,
5b, after the fry are transported to a destination, unloading the fry bag from the vehicle, placing the fry bag in one corner of a water pool for 0.5 hour, and untieing the tying and adding water to gradually reduce the temperature difference when the temperature of water inside and outside the fry bag is close, wherein the temperature difference does not exceed 3 ℃;
and 5c, temporarily culturing the seedlings in a net cage hung in a new pool for 2 days, and discharging the seedlings out of the net cage after counting.
The transportation survival rate of the embodiment of the invention is counted according to the transportation time, and for 5 years, nearly hundred batches of fish fries are transported, and the transportation time is from the beginning of the transportation to the end of the transportation, specifically as follows:
6a, short-distance transportation, wherein the transportation survival rate is 100 percent within 1 hour;
6b, the time of medium and short distance transportation (within 50 kilometers) is less than 3 hours, and the survival rate of the transportation is 98-100 percent;
6c, long-distance transportation (100 + 800 km, including air transportation), 5-10 hours and 95-98 percent of transportation survival rate.
While the invention has been described in further detail in the foregoing for the purpose of illustration, it is to be understood that such embodiments are merely illustrative of and not restrictive on the broad invention, and that various equivalent modifications may occur to those skilled in the art upon reading this disclosure and are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A method for improving the survival rate of Spanish mackerel offspring transportation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. training the seedlings before transportation: selecting healthy and disease-free fries, taking the fries out of the fry culturing pool, putting the fries into a net cage for temporary culture to adapt to still water and fluctuation, and changing the cage for 1-2 times during the temporary culture period to exercise the fries; carrying out netting exercise 1-3 days before the fry is shipped;
b. pre-treatment in transportation: soaking the fry in 10-15ppm potassium permanganate solution for 15-20 min to sterilize the fry; adding anti-stress agent VitC and taurine into the packaging water for transporting the offspring seeds, wherein the VitC is 7-10ppm, and the taurine is 3-5 ppm;
c. management in the transportation process: the density in transportation is 1: 1-1:3 of fish water; the water temperature of the fry during transportation is controlled at 12-20 ℃.
2. The method for improving the survival rate of the Spanish mackerel fries in transportation according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising the following steps of: the wide-mouth large plastic barrel for short-distance transportation is inflated by an air compressor, and a normal-temperature freight vehicle is used; or a double-layer plastic film bag for long-distance transportation, an oxygen cylinder for oxygen charging and a cold chain heat preservation vehicle.
3. The method for improving the survival rate of the Spanish mackerel fries in transportation according to claim 2, characterized by further comprising the following connection treatment in the loading and unloading process: after the fry is transported to the destination, the fry bag is first set inside temporary raising pond and opened after the water temperature inside and outside the fry bag is near.
4. The method for improving the survival rate of the Spanish mackerel fries in transportation according to claim 3, characterized in that the management in the transportation process comprises the following steps: the start time is selected in the morning or in the evening.
5. The method for improving the survival rate of the Spanish mackerel fries in transportation according to claim 4, characterized in that the management in the transportation process comprises the following steps: stopping feeding the seedlings before transportation.
6. The method for improving the survival rate of the Spanish mackerel fries in transportation according to claim 5, characterized in that the management in the transportation process comprises the following steps: during open transportation, water is filled to the height of the barrel from 3/5 to 3/4; 1 ten thousand fish fries with the total length of 3-3.5cm or 1.5 ten thousand fish fries with the total length of 2.5-3.0cm are placed in each cubic meter of water body.
7. The method for improving the survival rate of the Spanish mackerel fries in transportation according to claim 5, characterized in that the management in the transportation process comprises the following steps: packing and transporting by oxygenation, wherein 500-600 tails of 3-3.5cm fish fries, 1500-2000 tails of 2.5-3.0cm fish fries or 2000-3000 tails below 2.5cm are filled in each double-layer plastic film bag with the volume of 20 liters.
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| CN114946716B (en) * | 2022-07-05 | 2023-05-30 | 广东海洋大学 | Ecological seedling raising method for eleutheronema tetradactylum in high-level pool |
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| CN111149761A (en) * | 2020-02-26 | 2020-05-15 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Method for reducing stress in transportation process of oplegnathus punctatus |
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| US20040043013A1 (en) * | 2000-12-28 | 2004-03-04 | Mccleary Edward Larry | Metabolic uncoupling therapy |
| CN100534441C (en) * | 2007-05-09 | 2009-09-02 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Fast recovery agent for seeding vitality used in aquiculture |
| CN101658150B (en) * | 2009-09-01 | 2011-09-28 | 中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所 | Method for improving transportation survival rate of alosa sapidissima fingerlings |
| CN102599098A (en) * | 2011-12-16 | 2012-07-25 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | Eleutheronema rhadinum fry live transport method |
| CN102907364A (en) * | 2012-11-14 | 2013-02-06 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Method for improving survival rate of triangular bream in long-distance transport |
| CN103478047A (en) * | 2013-10-14 | 2014-01-01 | 浙江省舟山市水产研究所 | Method for artificial breeding of eleutheronema tetradactylum |
| CN104798701A (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2015-07-29 | 朱佳杰 | Long-distance tilapia fry transportation method |
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| 四指马鲅头肾和脾脏组织学研究;罗俊标等;《生物学杂志》;20160831;第33卷(第4期);第43-47页 * |
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