CN112133830A - 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell module and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
2-T perovskite laminated solar cell module and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell module and a preparation method thereof, wherein a plurality of single 2-T perovskite laminated solar cells are connected in series through a connecting structure, the connecting structure comprises a P1 insulating region for dividing two adjacent single 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell TCO conducting layers, a P2 connecting region for connecting two adjacent single 2-T perovskite laminated solar cells in series and a P3 separating region for dividing two adjacent single 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell counter electrode layers, and the plurality of single 2-T perovskite laminated solar cells are respectively arranged on the same piece of substrate transparent conducting glass. The preparation process provided by the invention can divide the large-area 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell into the sub-cell series connection structure, the structure is stable, the filling factor is improved, the open-circuit voltage is increased, the sunlight utilization rate is high, the conversion efficiency of a large-area cell module is further improved, and the cell module prepared by the commercial value of the tandem solar cell is embodied.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solar cells, in particular to a 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell module and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In recent years, the laminated solar cell has received more and more attention due to its higher spectral utilization rate and higher conversion efficiency than the single-segment solar cell. The rapid rise of Perovskite Solar Cells (PSC) enables the eyesight of researchers to be converged on perovskite laminated solar cells, and through a large amount of researches, the existing cells with laminated structures of PSC/Si, PSC/CIGS and the like obtain larger results, but most of laminated cells adopt a 4-T laminated mode, and because top cells and bottom cells need to be prepared respectively, the process is complicated, the loss is more, the cost is higher, and the perovskite laminated solar cells are not suitable for large-area module preparation.
The prior Chinese patent with the application number of 201920080160.X discloses a 2-T tin perovskite-perovskite battery laminated cell, which utilizes the difference of band gaps of two perovskites with different components, so that sunlight is fully and effectively absorbed, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery is improved. The prior application publication No. CN110797460A discloses a once-cut perovskite solar cell assembly and a preparation method thereof, wherein the once-cut perovskite solar cell assembly comprises a plurality of sub-cells which are sequentially connected in series, each sub-cell comprises a substrate, a conductive layer, a front electrical transmission layer, a perovskite layer, a rear electrical transmission layer and a back electrode from bottom to top, a cutting line is arranged between every two adjacent sub-cells, the cutting line sequentially cuts off the back electrode, the rear electrical transmission layer, the perovskite layer, the front electrical transmission layer and the conductive layer from top to bottom, a film scraping line is respectively arranged from the second sub-cell to one side of the nth sub-cell from the back, and the film scraping line sequentially cuts off the back electrode, the rear electrical transmission layer, the perovskite layer and the front electrical transmission layer from top to bottom, so that a conductive section of the sub-cell is exposed on the conductive layer; and a plurality of leads are also arranged on the battery component to connect the back electrode of the previous sub-battery with the conductive segment of the next sub-battery. However, the prior art only relates to a single band gap perovskite material, sunlight cannot be used more effectively, so that the competitiveness of the perovskite material is weakened, and in practice, it is difficult to weld conductive wires on two sides of a sub-cell with a thickness of only micron, so that the cost is high.
Therefore, there is a need in the art to provide a tandem solar cell module suitable for large-area and integrated fabrication and a fabrication method thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell module and a preparation method thereof, aiming at the defects in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the invention provides a 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell module which is formed by connecting a plurality of single 2-T perovskite laminated solar cells in series through a connecting structure, wherein the connecting structure comprises a P1 insulating region for dividing two adjacent single 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell TCO conducting layers, a P2 connecting region for connecting two adjacent single 2-T perovskite laminated solar cells in series and a P3 separating region for dividing two adjacent single 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell counter electrode layers, and the plurality of single 2-T perovskite laminated solar cells are respectively arranged on the same piece of base transparent conducting glass.
Preferably, the single-section 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell comprises a substrate transparent conductive glass, a TCO conductive layer, a first charge transmission layer, a first perovskite light absorption layer, a second charge transmission layer, a transparent conductive electrode, a third charge transmission layer, a second perovskite light absorption layer, a fourth charge transmission layer and a counter electrode layer, wherein the first perovskite light absorption layer, the second charge transmission layer, the transparent conductive electrode, the third charge transmission layer, the second perovskite light absorption layer, the fourth charge transmission layer and the counter electrode layer are sequentially connected, and the counter electrode layer of the single-section 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell is connected with the TCO conductive layer of the single-section 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell adjacent to the counter electrode layer in series.
Preferably, the first perovskite light-absorbing layer is a wide band gap perovskite thin film, and the band gap of the first perovskite light-absorbing layer is 1.7-1.9 eV; the second perovskite light absorption layer is a perovskite thin film with a narrow band gap, and the band gap of the second perovskite light absorption layer is 0.8-1.2 eV.
Preferably, the material of the first perovskite light absorption layer is FA0.83Cs0.17Pb(I0.5Br0.5)3(ii) a The second perovskite light absorption layer is made of FA0.75Cs0.25Sn0.5Pb0.5I3。
Preferably, the first charge transport layer is a hole transport layer, the second charge transport layer is an electron transport layer, the third charge transport layer is a hole transport layer, and the fourth charge transport layer is an electron transport layer; or the first charge transport layer is an electron transport layer, the second charge transport layer is a hole transport layer, the third charge transport layer is an electron transport layer, and the fourth charge transport layer is a hole transport layer.
Preferably, the hole transport layer adopts an inorganic hole transport material and/or an organic hole transport material; the electron transport layer adopts an inorganic electron transport material and/or an organic electron transport material; the counter electrode layer is made of a metal electrode material or a non-metal electrode material.
Preferably, the inorganic hole transport material is NiO or Cu2O and MoO3The organic hole transport material is Spiro-OMeTAD or P3HT, PEDOT, one or more of PSS and PTAA; the inorganic electron transmission material is TiO2ZnO and SnO2One or more of the organic electron transport materials C60And/or a PCBM; the metal electrode material is one or more of Cu, Al, Ag, Au, Mo and Cr, and the nonmetal electrode material is a carbon electrode.
Preferably, the transparent conductive electrode is one or more of a Transparent Conductive Oxide (TCO), a silver nanowire, an ultrathin metal and a graphene material.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a method for manufacturing a 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell module, comprising the following steps:
s1, covering a TCO conducting layer on substrate transparent conducting glass, and etching the TCO conducting layer covered on the substrate transparent conducting glass to form a P1 insulating region between two adjacent single-section 2-T perovskite laminated solar cells; covering the TCO conductive layer and the P1 insulating region with a charge transport material to obtain the first charge transport layer; covering a perovskite light absorption material on the first charge transmission layer to prepare a first perovskite light absorption layer; covering a charge transport material on the first perovskite light absorption layer to prepare a second charge transport layer; preparing the transparent conductive electrode on the second charge transport layer by adopting a magnetron sputtering method; covering a charge transport material on the transparent conductive electrode to prepare a third charge transport layer; covering a perovskite light absorption material on the third charge transmission layer to prepare a second perovskite light absorption layer; covering a charge transport material on the second perovskite light absorption layer to prepare a fourth charge transport layer;
s2, etching the fourth charge transport layer, the second perovskite light absorption layer, the third charge transport layer, the transparent conductive electrode, the second charge transport layer, the first perovskite light absorption layer and the first charge transport layer to obtain an etched channel; covering a counter electrode material on the fourth charge transmission layer and the rest area of the etched channel to prepare the counter electrode layer, and simultaneously forming a P3 partition area for partitioning the counter electrode layer of the two adjacent single-section 2-T perovskite laminated solar cells; and partially etching the counter electrode material in the residual region of the etched channel, and reserving the charge transmission material covering the corresponding disconnected end of the fourth charge transmission layer to form a P2 connection region for connecting two adjacent single-section 2-T perovskite laminated solar cells in series, so as to obtain the 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell module.
Preferably, in S2, the etching is performed by laser etching, and the incident angle of the laser etching is adjusted to form etching slopes of different angles; when laser etching is used, the parameters are set according to conventional numerical values in the field, and the 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell module can be conveniently prepared through programmed setting.
By adopting the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
the preparation process provided by the invention can divide the whole large-area 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell into a sub-cell series structure, the structure is stable, not only is the filling factor improved, but also the open-circuit voltage is increased, the sunlight utilization rate is high, the conversion efficiency of a large-area cell module is further improved, and the cell module prepared by the commercial value of the tandem solar cell is embodied.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell module of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of current density versus voltage curves for the tests of example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 of the present invention;
wherein the various reference numbers are:
1-substrate transparent conductive glass; 2-TCO conductive layer; 3-a first charge transport layer; 4-a first perovskite light-absorbing layer; 5-a second charge transport layer; 6-a transparent conductive electrode; 7-a third charge transport layer; 8-a second perovskite light absorption layer; 9-a fourth charge transport layer; 10-a counter electrode layer; 11-P1 insulating regions; 12-P2 attachment region; 13-P3 partition region; 14-etch the channel.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following drawings and specific examples, which are not intended to be limiting.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell module, which is formed by connecting a plurality of single 2-T perovskite tandem solar cells in series through a connecting structure, wherein the connecting structure comprises a P1 insulating region 11 for dividing two adjacent single 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell TCO conducting layers 2, a P2 connecting region 12 for connecting two adjacent single 2-T perovskite tandem solar cells in series, and a P3 dividing region 13 for dividing two adjacent single 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell counter electrode layers 10, and the plurality of single 2-T perovskite tandem solar cells are respectively arranged on the same piece of substrate transparent conducting glass 1.
As a preferred embodiment, the single-section 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell comprises a substrate transparent conductive glass 1, a TCO conductive layer 2, a first charge transport layer 3, a first perovskite light absorption layer 4 capable of absorbing at least short wavelength light and allowing long wavelength light to pass completely, a second charge transport layer 5, a transparent conductive electrode 6, a third charge transport layer 7, a second perovskite light absorption layer 8 capable of absorbing most of the wavelength light of sunlight, a fourth charge transport layer 9 and a counter electrode layer 10 which are connected in sequence, wherein the counter electrode layer 10 of the single-section 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell is connected in series with the TCO conductive layer 2 of the adjacent single-section 2-T laminated solar cell.
As a preferred embodiment, the first perovskite light absorbing layer 4 is a wide band gap perovskite thin film, and the band gap of the first perovskite light absorbing layer 4 is 1.7-1.9 eV; the second perovskite light absorption layer 8 is a perovskite thin film with a narrow band gap, and the band gap of the second perovskite light absorption layer 8 is 0.8-1.2 eV. The material of the first perovskite light absorption layer 4 is FA0.83Cs0.17Pb(I0.5Br0.5)3(ii) a The second perovskite light absorption layer 8 is made of FA0.75Cs0.25Sn0.5Pb0.5I3。
As a preferred embodiment, the first charge transport layer 3 is a hole transport layer, the second charge transport layer 5 is an electron transport layer, the third charge transport layer 7 is a hole transport layer, and the fourth charge transport layer 9 is an electron transport layer; or the first charge transport layer 3 is an electron transport layer, the second charge transport layer 5 is a hole transport layer, the third charge transport layer 7 is an electron transport layer, and the fourth charge transport layer 9 is a hole transport layer.
As a preferred embodiment, the hole transport layer employs an inorganic hole transport material and/or an organic hole transport material; the electron transport layer adopts an inorganic electron transport material and/or an organic electron transport material; the counter electrode layer 10 is made of a metal electrode material or a non-metal electrode material. Wherein the inorganic hole transport material is NiO,Cu2O and MoO3The organic hole transport material is Spiro-OMeTAD or P3HT, PEDOT, one or more of PSS and PTAA; the inorganic electron transmission material is TiO2ZnO and SnO2The organic electron transport material is C60 and/or PCBM; the metal electrode material is one or more of Cu, Al, Ag, Au, Mo and Cr, and the nonmetal electrode material is a carbon electrode. The transparent conductive electrode 6 is one or more of Transparent Conductive Oxide (TCO), silver nanowires, ultrathin metal and graphene materials.
The preparation method of the 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell module comprises the following steps:
s1, covering a TCO conducting layer 2 on a substrate transparent conducting glass 1, and etching the TCO conducting layer 2 covered on the substrate transparent conducting glass 1 to form a P1 insulating region 11 between two adjacent single-section 2-T perovskite laminated solar cells; covering the TCO conductive layer 2 and the P1 insulating regions 11 with a charge transport material to produce the first charge transport layer 3; covering a perovskite light absorption material on the first charge transmission layer 3 to prepare a first perovskite light absorption layer 4; covering the first perovskite light absorption layer 4 with a charge transport material to prepare a second charge transport layer 5; preparing the transparent conductive electrode 6 on the second charge transport layer 5 by adopting a magnetron sputtering method; covering a charge transport material on the transparent conductive electrode 6 to obtain a third charge transport layer 7; covering a perovskite light absorption material on the third charge transmission layer 7 to prepare a second perovskite light absorption layer 8; covering a charge transport material on the second perovskite light absorption layer 8 to obtain a fourth charge transport layer 9;
s2, etching the fourth charge transport layer 9, the second perovskite light absorption layer 8, the third charge transport layer 7, the transparent conductive electrode 6, the second charge transport layer 5, the first perovskite light absorption layer 4 and the first charge transport layer 3 to obtain an etched channel 14; covering a counter electrode material on the remaining areas of the fourth charge transport layer 9 and the etched channel 14 to obtain the counter electrode layer 10, and simultaneously forming a P3 partition region 13 for partitioning two adjacent single-section 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell counter electrode layers 10; and partially etching the counter electrode material in the residual area of the etched channel 14, and reserving the charge transport material covering the corresponding disconnected end of the fourth charge transport layer 9 to form a P2 connection area 12 for connecting two adjacent single-section 2-T perovskite laminated solar cells in series, so as to obtain the 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell module.
As a preferred embodiment, in S2, the etching is performed by laser etching, and the incident angle of the laser etching is adjusted to form etching slopes with different angles.
Example 1
The invention provides a 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell module which is formed by connecting two single 2-T perovskite laminated solar cells in series through a connecting structure, wherein the connecting structure comprises a P1 insulating region 11 for dividing two TCO conducting layers 2 of the single 2-T perovskite laminated solar cells, a P2 connecting region 12 for connecting the two single 2-T perovskite laminated solar cells in series and a P3 separating region 13 for dividing two counter electrode layers 10 of the single 2-T perovskite laminated solar cells, and the two single 2-T perovskite laminated solar cells are respectively arranged on the same piece of base transparent conducting glass 1. The single-section 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell comprises a substrate transparent conductive glass 1, a TCO conductive layer 2, a NiO layer, a perovskite thin film with a band gap of 1.8eV, a PCBM layer, a transparent conductive electrode 6, a PEDOT (Polytetrafluoroethylene) PSS layer, a perovskite thin film with a band gap of 1.2eV, a C60/PCBM layer and an Ag electrode which are sequentially connected, wherein a counter electrode layer 10 of the single-section 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell is connected with the TCO conductive layer 2 of the adjacent single-section 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell in series. The transparent conductive electrode 6 is AZO.
The preparation method of the 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell module comprises the following steps:
s1, placing the substrate transparent conductive glass 1 with the roughness of 10nm and the size of 80 multiplied by 80mm in a clamp, fixing the position, etching the TCO conductive layer 2 covered on the substrate transparent conductive glass 1, setting the etching position and parameters through control software, and focusing the laser beam on the substrate transparent conductive glassEtching the surface of the electric glass 1 at the etching position according to set parameters, wherein the etching power is 3000mW, the etching speed is 100mm/s, the etching frequency is 30000Hz, and the etching width is 100 μm, so as to form a P1 insulation area 11 between two adjacent single-section 2-T perovskite laminated solar cells; covering a charge transport material on the TCO conducting layer 2 and the P1 insulation area 11 to obtain the first charge transport layer 3, wherein the first charge transport layer 3 is a NiO layer and has the thickness of 20 nm; covering the first charge transmission layer 3 with perovskite light absorption material to obtain the first perovskite light absorption layer 4, wherein the first perovskite light absorption layer 4 is FA with a band gap of 1.8eV0.83Cs0.17Pb(I0.5Br0.5)3The thickness is 400 nm; covering the first perovskite light absorption layer 4 with a charge transport material to prepare a second charge transport layer 5, wherein the second charge transport layer 5 is a PCBM layer and has the thickness of 80 nm; a transparent conductive electrode 6 is prepared on the second charge transport layer 5 by adopting a magnetron sputtering method, and the thickness is 120 nm; covering a charge transport material on the transparent conductive electrode 6 to prepare a third charge transport layer 7, wherein the third charge transport layer 7 is a PEDOT (Poly ethylene terephthalate) PSS (Poly ethylene sulfide) layer with the thickness of 20 nm; covering the third charge transmission layer 7 with perovskite light absorption material to obtain a second perovskite light absorption layer 8, wherein the second perovskite light absorption layer 8 is FA with a band gap of 1.2ev0.75Cs0.25Sn0.5Pb0.5I3The thickness is 400 nm; covering a charge transport material on the second perovskite light absorption layer 8 to prepare a fourth charge transport layer 9, wherein the fourth charge transport layer 9 is a C60/PCBM layer and has the thickness of 80 nm;
s2, placing the substrate transparent conductive glass 1 which is 80 x 80mm in size and covered with all the film layers in a clamp, fixing the position, setting etching positions and parameters through control software, etching all the film layers by using laser, wherein the etching power is 500mW, the etching speed is 30mm/S, the etching frequency is 40000Hz, the etching width is 350 μm, generating an etching channel 14, covering counter electrode materials on the fourth charge transmission layer 9 and the rest area of the etching channel 14, and preparing the counter electrode layer 10, wherein the counter electrode layer 10 is a silver electrode and the thickness is 100 nm; placing the substrate transparent conductive glass 1 which is 80 multiplied by 80mm in size and covered with all the film layers and the silver electrodes in a clamp, fixing the position, setting etching positions and parameters through control software, focusing laser beams at the etching positions of the surfaces of the silver electrodes in the etching channels 14, etching by 100 microns, wherein the etched areas are P3 partition areas 13 of the counter electrode layers 10 of two adjacent single-section 2-T perovskite laminated solar cells, the etching power is 400mW, the etching speed is 20mm/s, the etching frequency is 100000Hz, the counter electrode layers 10 with the horizontal thickness of 200 microns are reserved and covered at the corresponding disconnection ends of the PCBM layers, and the counter electrode layers are P2 connection areas 12 of the two adjacent single-section 2-T perovskite laminated solar cells, so that the 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell module is prepared.
Comparative example 1
The invention provides a 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell module which is formed by connecting two single 2-T perovskite laminated solar cells in series through a connecting structure, wherein the connecting structure comprises a P1 insulating region 11 for dividing two TCO conducting layers 2 of the single 2-T perovskite laminated solar cells, a P2 connecting region 12 for connecting the two single 2-T perovskite laminated solar cells in series and a P3 separating region 13 for dividing two counter electrode layers 10 of the single 2-T perovskite laminated solar cells, and the two single 2-T perovskite laminated solar cells are respectively arranged on the same piece of base transparent conducting glass 1. The single-section 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell comprises a substrate transparent conductive glass 1, a TCO conductive layer 2, a NiO layer, a perovskite thin film with a band gap of 1.8eV, a PCBM layer and an Ag electrode which are sequentially connected, wherein a counter electrode layer 10 of the single-section 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell is connected with a TCO conductive layer 2 of an adjacent single-section 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell in series.
The preparation method of the 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell module comprises the following steps:
s1, placing substrate transparent conductive glass 1 with the roughness of 10nm and the size of 80 x 80mm in a clamp, fixing the position, etching the TCO conductive layer 2 covered on the substrate transparent conductive glass 1, setting the etching position and parameters through control software, focusing a laser beam at the etching position on the surface of the substrate transparent conductive glass 1, and then etching according to the set parameters, wherein the etching power is 3000mW, the etching speed is 100mm/S, the etching frequency is 30000Hz, and the etching width is 100 μm, so as to form a P1 insulating area 11 between two adjacent single-section 2-T perovskite laminated solar cells;
s2, covering charge transport materials on the TCO conducting layer 2 and the P1 insulating area 11 to obtain a first charge transport layer 3, wherein the first charge transport layer 3 is a NiO layer and has the thickness of 20 nm; covering the first charge transmission layer 3 with perovskite light absorption material to obtain a first perovskite light absorption layer 4, wherein the first perovskite light absorption layer 4 is FA with a band gap of 1.8eV0.83Cs0.17Pb(I0.5Br0.5)3The thickness is 400 nm; covering the first perovskite light absorption layer 4 with a charge transport material to prepare a second charge transport layer 5, wherein the second charge transport layer 5 is a PCBM layer and has the thickness of 80 nm; coating the substrate with nickel oxide layer and FA with size of 80 × 80mm0.83Cs0.17Pb(I0.5Br0.5)3Placing the substrate transparent conductive glass 1 of the PCBM layer in a fixture, fixing the position, setting etching position and parameters through control software, etching the first charge transport layer 3, the first perovskite light absorption layer 4 and the second charge transport layer 5 by using laser, wherein the etching power is 300mW, the etching speed is 30mm/s, the etching frequency is 40000Hz, the etching width is 350 mu m, forming an etching channel 14, covering counter electrode materials on the second charge transport layer 5 and the rest area of the etching channel 14, and preparing a counter electrode layer 10, wherein the counter electrode layer 10 is a silver electrode, and the thickness is 100 nm; placing the substrate transparent conductive glass 1 which is 80 multiplied by 80mm in size and covered with all the film layers and the silver electrodes in a clamp, fixing the position, setting etching positions and parameters through control software, focusing laser beams at the etching positions of the surfaces of the silver electrodes in the etching channels 14, etching 100 mu m, the etching power being 400mW, the etching speed being 20mm/s, the etching frequency being 100000Hz, the etched areas being P3 partition areas 13 of two adjacent single-section 2-T perovskite laminated solar cells counter electrode layers 10, reserving the counter electrode layers 10 with the horizontal thickness being 200 mu m and covering the PCBM layers at the corresponding partition ends, namely P2 connection areas 12 of two adjacent single-section 2-T perovskite laminated solar cells, and obtaining the 2-T laminated solar cell module.
Comparative example 2
The invention provides a 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell module which is formed by connecting two single 2-T perovskite laminated solar cells in series through a connecting structure, wherein the connecting structure comprises a P1 insulating region 11 for dividing two TCO conducting layers 2 of the single 2-T perovskite laminated solar cells, a P2 connecting region 12 for connecting the two single 2-T perovskite laminated solar cells in series and a P3 separating region 13 for dividing two counter electrode layers 10 of the single 2-T perovskite laminated solar cells, and the two single 2-T perovskite laminated solar cells are respectively arranged on the same piece of base transparent conducting glass 1. The single-section 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell comprises a substrate transparent conductive glass 1, a TCO conductive layer 2, a NiO layer, a perovskite thin film with a band gap of 1.2eV, a PCBM layer and an Ag electrode which are sequentially connected, wherein a counter electrode layer 10 of the single-section 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell is connected with a TCO conductive layer 2 of an adjacent single-section 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell in series.
The preparation method of the 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell module comprises the following steps:
s1, placing substrate transparent conductive glass 1 with the roughness of 10nm and the size of 80 x 80mm in a clamp, fixing the position, etching the TCO conductive layer 2 covered on the substrate transparent conductive glass 1, setting the etching position and parameters through control software, focusing a laser beam at the etching position on the surface of the substrate transparent conductive glass 1, and then etching according to the set parameters, wherein the etching power is 3000mW, the etching speed is 100mm/S, the etching frequency is 30000Hz, and the etching width is 100 μm, so as to form a P1 insulating area 11 between two adjacent single-section 2-T perovskite laminated solar cells;
s2, covering charge transport materials on the TCO conducting layer 2 and the P1 insulating area 11 to obtain the first charge transport layer 3, wherein the first charge transport layer 3 is a NiO layer and has the thickness of 20 nm; covering the first charge transmission layer 3 with perovskite light absorption material to obtain a first perovskite light absorption layer 4, wherein the first perovskite light absorption layer 4 is FA with a band gap of 1.2eV0.75Cs0.25Sn0.5Pb0.5I3The thickness is 400 nm; covering the first perovskite light absorption layer 4 with a charge transport material to obtain a second charge transport layer 5The two charge transport layers 5 are PCBM layers, and the thickness is 80 nm; coating the substrate with nickel oxide layer and FA with size of 80 × 80mm0.75Cs0.25Sn0.5Pb0.5I3Placing the substrate transparent conductive glass 1 of the PCBM layer in a fixture, fixing the position, setting etching position and parameters through control software, etching the first charge transport layer 3, the first perovskite light absorption layer 4 and the second charge transport layer 5 by using laser, wherein the etching power is 300mW, the etching speed is 30mm/s, the etching frequency is 40000Hz, the etching width is 350 mu m, forming an etching channel 14, covering counter electrode materials on the second charge transport layer 5 and the rest area of the etching channel 14, and preparing a counter electrode layer 10, wherein the counter electrode layer 10 is a silver electrode, and the thickness is 100 nm; placing the substrate transparent conductive glass 1 which is 80 multiplied by 80mm in size and covered with all the film layers and the silver electrodes in a clamp, fixing the position, setting etching positions and parameters through control software, focusing laser beams at the etching positions of the surfaces of the silver electrodes in the etching channels 14, etching 100 mu m, the etching power being 400mW, the etching speed being 20mm/s, the etching frequency being 100000Hz, the etched areas being P3 partition areas 13 of two adjacent single-section 2-T perovskite laminated solar cells counter electrode layers 10, reserving the counter electrode layers 10 with the horizontal thickness being 200 mu m and covering the PCBM layers at the corresponding partition ends, namely P2 connection areas 12 of two adjacent single-section 2-T perovskite laminated solar cells, and obtaining the 2-T laminated solar cell module.
Comparative example 3
The invention provides a single-section 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell, which comprises a substrate transparent conductive glass 1, a TCO conductive layer 2, a NiO layer, a perovskite thin film with a band gap of 1.8eV, a PCBM layer, a transparent conductive electrode 6, a PEDOT PSS layer, a perovskite thin film with a band gap of 1.2eV, a C60/PCBM layer and an Ag electrode which are sequentially connected, wherein a counter electrode layer 10 of the single-section 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell is connected with the TCO conductive layer 2 of the adjacent single-section 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell in series.
The preparation method of the single-section 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting substrate transparent conductive glass 1 with the roughness of 10nm and the size of 25 x 25 mm;
s2, covering a charge transport material on the TCO conducting layer 2 to obtain a first charge transport layer 3, wherein the first charge transport layer 3 is a NiO layer and has the thickness of 20 nm; covering the first charge transmission layer 3 with perovskite light absorption material to obtain the first perovskite light absorption layer 4, wherein the first perovskite light absorption layer 4 is FA with a band gap of 1.8eV0.83Cs0.17Pb(I0.5Br0.5)3The thickness is 400 nm; covering the first perovskite light absorption layer 4 with a charge transport material to prepare a second charge transport layer 5, wherein the second charge transport layer 5 is a PCBM layer and has the thickness of 80 nm; a transparent conductive electrode 6 is prepared on the second charge transport layer 5 by adopting a magnetron sputtering method, and the thickness is 120 nm; covering a charge transport material on the transparent conductive electrode 6 to prepare a third charge transport layer 7, wherein the third charge transport layer 7 is a PEDOT (Poly ethylene terephthalate) PSS (Poly ethylene sulfide) layer with the thickness of 20 nm; covering the third charge transmission layer 7 with perovskite light absorption material to obtain a second perovskite light absorption layer 8, wherein the second perovskite light absorption layer 8 is FA with a band gap of 1.2ev0.75Cs0.25Sn0.5Pb0.5I3The thickness is 400 nm; covering the second perovskite light absorption layer 8 with charge transport material to obtain a fourth charge transport layer 9, wherein the fourth charge transport layer 9 is a C60/PCBM layer with a thickness of 80nm
S3, manufacturing the area of 1cm on the 25 mm-25 mm substrate by using a mask2The single-section 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell is prepared.
Comparative example 4
The invention provides a single-section 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell, which comprises a substrate transparent conductive glass 1, a TCO conductive layer 2, a NiO layer, a perovskite thin film with a band gap of 1.8eV, a PCBM layer, a transparent conductive electrode 6, a PEDOT PSS layer, a perovskite thin film with a band gap of 1.2eV, a C60/PCBM layer and an Ag electrode which are sequentially connected, wherein a counter electrode layer 10 of the single-section 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell is connected with the TCO conductive layer 2 of the adjacent single-section 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell in series.
The preparation method of the single-section 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a substrate transparent conductive glass 1 with the roughness of 10nm and the size of 80 x 80 mm;
s2, covering a charge transport material on the TCO conducting layer 2 to obtain a first charge transport layer 3, wherein the first charge transport layer 3 is a NiO layer and has the thickness of 20 nm; covering the first charge transmission layer 3 with perovskite light absorption material to obtain the first perovskite light absorption layer 4, wherein the first perovskite light absorption layer 4 is FA with a band gap of 1.8eV0.83Cs0.17Pb(I0.5Br0.5)3The thickness is 400 nm; covering the first perovskite light absorption layer 4 with a charge transport material to prepare a second charge transport layer 5, wherein the second charge transport layer 5 is a PCBM layer and has the thickness of 80 nm; a transparent conductive electrode 6 is prepared on the second charge transport layer 5 by adopting a magnetron sputtering method, and the thickness is 120 nm; covering a charge transport material on the transparent conductive electrode 6 to prepare a third charge transport layer 7, wherein the third charge transport layer 7 is a PEDOT (Poly ethylene terephthalate) PSS (Poly ethylene sulfide) layer with the thickness of 20 nm; covering the third charge transmission layer 7 with perovskite light absorption material to obtain a second perovskite light absorption layer 8, wherein the second perovskite light absorption layer 8 is FA with a band gap of 1.2ev0.75Cs0.25Sn0.5Pb0.5I3The thickness is 400 nm; covering the second perovskite light absorption layer 8 with charge transport material to obtain a fourth charge transport layer 9, wherein the fourth charge transport layer 9 is a C60/PCBM layer with a thickness of 80nm
S3, manufacturing the area of 36cm on the 80mm by 80mm substrate by using a mask plate2The single-section 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell is prepared.
Application example
The performance of the solar cell modules prepared in example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 was tested, and the specific operation procedures were as follows:
(1) the solar cell module was tested for current density-voltage curves under simulated standard solar irradiation conditions (AM 1.5G), all of which were calibrated for light source by standard silicon cells and the module active working area was defined by a black masking film.
(2) The stability test method of the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell module comprises the following steps: the test was performed every three days during which the solar cell module was stored in a dark condition at 25 ℃ and 50% humidity.
(3) The test results are recorded and analyzed, fig. 2 is a current density-voltage curve of three solar cell modules, and the specific test results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
From the data in table 1, it can be seen that:
comparative examples 1 and 2 are modules made of single-layer perovskite cells, respectively, but after two band gaps are integrated and connected in series to form a laminated cell module, the voltage is integrally increased by more than 50%, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the whole cell module is further improved;
comparative example 3 is a single small area laminated cell, and from data, its open circuit voltage is higher than that of a single cell made by a general traditional process by about 0.7V, but its actual effective area is too small and its commercial value is low;
the product of the comparative example 4 is manufactured by copying the process of the comparative example 3 on the glass with the same area in the example 1, and the comparative data can also show that if no cutting process exists, the filling factor of the battery is influenced by the defects of the whole perovskite thin film with large area, so that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery is reduced; the cutting process can divide the whole large-area battery into sub-battery series connection structures, so that not only is the filling factor improved, but also the open-circuit voltage is increased, the conversion efficiency of a large-area battery module is further improved, and the commercial value of the laminated solar battery is reflected.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell module is characterized in that a plurality of single 2-T perovskite laminated solar cells are connected in series through a connecting structure, the connecting structure comprises a P1 insulating area (11) for dividing two adjacent TCO conducting layers (2) of the single 2-T perovskite laminated solar cells, a P2 connecting area (12) for connecting the two adjacent single 2-T perovskite laminated solar cells in series and a P3 separating area (13) for dividing the two adjacent single 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell counter electrode layers (10), and the single 2-T perovskite laminated solar cells are arranged on the same substrate transparent conducting glass (1) in a divided mode.
2. The 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell module according to claim 1, the single-section 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell comprises a substrate transparent conductive glass (1), a TCO conductive layer (2), a first charge transmission layer (3), a first perovskite light absorption layer (4) which can at least absorb short-wavelength light and enable the long-wavelength light to completely pass through, a second charge transmission layer (5), a transparent conductive electrode (6), a third charge transmission layer (7), a second perovskite light absorption layer (8) which can absorb most of the wavelength light of sunlight, a fourth charge transmission layer (9) and a counter electrode layer (10) which are sequentially connected, the counter electrode layer (10) of the single-section 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell is connected with the TCO conducting layer (2) of the single-section 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell adjacent to the counter electrode layer in series.
3. The 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell module according to claim 2, wherein the first perovskite light absorbing layer (4) is a wide band gap perovskite thin film, the band gap of the first perovskite light absorbing layer (4) being 1.7-1.9 eV; the second perovskite light absorption layer (8) is a perovskite thin film with a narrow band gap, and the band gap of the second perovskite light absorption layer (8) is 0.8-1.2 eV.
4. The 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell module of claim 2, wherein the first perovskite is getterThe material of the optical layer (4) is FA0.83Cs0.17Pb(I0.5Br0.5)3(ii) a The second perovskite light absorption layer (8) is made of FA0.75Cs0.25Sn0.5Pb0.5I3。
5. The 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell module according to claim 2, wherein the first charge transport layer (3) is a hole transport layer, the second charge transport layer (5) is an electron transport layer, the third charge transport layer (7) is a hole transport layer, and the fourth charge transport layer (9) is an electron transport layer; or the first charge transport layer (3) is an electron transport layer, the second charge transport layer (5) is a hole transport layer, the third charge transport layer (7) is an electron transport layer, and the fourth charge transport layer (9) is a hole transport layer.
6. The 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell module according to claim 5, wherein the hole transport layer employs an inorganic hole transport material and/or an organic hole transport material; the electron transport layer adopts an inorganic electron transport material and/or an organic electron transport material; the counter electrode layer (10) is made of a metal electrode material or a non-metal electrode material.
7. The 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell module according to claim 6, wherein the inorganic hole transport material is NiO, Cu2O and MoO3The organic hole transport material is Spiro-OMeTAD or P3HT, PEDOT, one or more of PSS and PTAA; the inorganic electron transmission material is TiO2ZnO and SnO2The organic electron transport material is C60 and/or PCBM; the metal electrode material is one or more of Cu, Al, Ag, Au, Mo and Cr, and the nonmetal electrode material is a carbon electrode.
8. The 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell module according to claim 2, wherein the transparent conductive electrode (6) is one or several of a Transparent Conductive Oxide (TCO), silver nanowires, ultra thin metals and graphene materials.
9. Method for the production of a 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell module according to any of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
s1, covering a TCO conducting layer (2) on a substrate transparent conducting glass (1), and etching the TCO conducting layer (2) covered on the substrate transparent conducting glass (1) to form a P1 insulating region (11) between two adjacent single-section 2-T perovskite laminated solar cells; covering said TCO conductive layer (2) and P1 insulating regions (11) with a charge transport material to produce said first charge transport layer (3); covering the first charge transmission layer (3) with a perovskite light absorption material to prepare a first perovskite light absorption layer (4); covering the first perovskite light absorption layer (4) with a charge transport material to prepare a second charge transport layer (5); preparing the transparent conductive electrode (6) on the second charge transport layer (5) by adopting a magnetron sputtering method; covering the transparent conductive electrode (6) with a charge transport material to obtain the third charge transport layer (7); covering a perovskite light absorption material on the third charge transmission layer (7) to prepare a second perovskite light absorption layer (8); covering a charge transport material on the second perovskite light absorption layer (8) to prepare a fourth charge transport layer (9);
s2, etching the fourth charge transport layer (9), the second perovskite light absorption layer (8), the third charge transport layer (7), the transparent conductive electrode (6), the second charge transport layer (5), the first perovskite light absorption layer (4) and the first charge transport layer (3) to obtain an etched channel (14); covering a counter electrode material on the fourth charge transport layer (9) and the residual area of the etching channel (14) to prepare the counter electrode layer (10), and simultaneously forming a P3 partition region (13) for partitioning two adjacent single-section 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell counter electrode layers (10); and partially etching the counter electrode material in the residual area of the etched channel (14), and reserving the charge transport material covering the corresponding broken end of the fourth charge transport layer (9) to form a P2 connection area (12) for connecting two adjacent single-section 2-T perovskite laminated solar cells in series, thereby preparing the 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell module.
10. The method for manufacturing a 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell module according to claim 9, wherein in S2, the etching is performed by laser etching, and the incident angle of the laser etching is adjusted to form etching slopes with different angles.
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