CN112133830A - A 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell module and its preparation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell module and a preparation method thereof, wherein a plurality of single 2-T perovskite laminated solar cells are connected in series through a connecting structure, the connecting structure comprises a P1 insulating region for dividing two adjacent single 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell TCO conducting layers, a P2 connecting region for connecting two adjacent single 2-T perovskite laminated solar cells in series and a P3 separating region for dividing two adjacent single 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell counter electrode layers, and the plurality of single 2-T perovskite laminated solar cells are respectively arranged on the same piece of substrate transparent conducting glass. The preparation process provided by the invention can divide the large-area 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell into the sub-cell series connection structure, the structure is stable, the filling factor is improved, the open-circuit voltage is increased, the sunlight utilization rate is high, the conversion efficiency of a large-area cell module is further improved, and the cell module prepared by the commercial value of the tandem solar cell is embodied.

Description

A 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell module and its preparation method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of solar cells, in particular to a 2-T perovskite stacked solar cell module and a preparation method thereof.

Background technique

In recent years, tandem solar cells have attracted more and more attention due to their higher spectral utilization and higher conversion efficiency than single-cell solar cells. The rapid rise of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has led researchers to focus on perovskite tandem solar cells. However, since most of the stacked cells adopt the 4-T stacking method, the top cell and the bottom cell need to be prepared separately, the process is complicated, the loss is high, and the cost is high, so it is not suitable for large-area module preparation.

The Chinese patent with the existing application number of 201920080160.X discloses a 2-T tin perovskite-perovskite battery tandem battery, which utilizes the different band gaps of two different perovskite components, so that sunlight It can be fully and effectively absorbed to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery. However, the tandem battery, like the inherent limitation of the perovskite battery, can only make achievements in small-area devices, and cannot be reflected in large-area batteries. conversion efficiency, so that its commercial value cannot be realized. The Chinese patent with the existing application publication number CN110797460A discloses a perovskite solar cell assembly and a preparation method thereof that is cut once, which includes several sub-cells connected in series in sequence, and each sub-cell includes a substrate, a conductive layer, a front The electrical transport layer, the perovskite layer, the back electrical transport layer and the back electrode, a cutting line is set between the two adjacent sub-cells, and the cutting line cuts the back electrode, the back electrical transport layer, the perovskite layer, The front electrical transmission layer and the conductive layer are respectively provided with scraping lines from the second sub-battery to the side of the n-th sub-battery, and the scraping lines cut off the back electrode, the rear electrical transport layer, The perovskite layer and the front electrical transport layer make the sub-battery expose conductive segments on its conductive layer; a number of wires are also arranged on the battery component to connect the back electrode of the former sub-battery with the conductive segments of the latter sub-battery. However, the prior art only involves perovskite materials with a single bandgap, and sunlight cannot be used more effectively, thereby weakening its competitiveness, and it is difficult to realize the practical operation of bonding conductive wires to only a thickness of On both sides of the micron-scale sub-cell, the cost is also relatively high.

Therefore, it is an urgent problem to be solved in the industry to design and provide a tandem solar cell module suitable for large-area and integrated fabrication and a fabrication method thereof.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a 2-T perovskite laminated solar cell module and a preparation method thereof in view of the deficiencies in the prior art. The cell module has stable structure, high utilization rate of sunlight, and high photoelectricity. conversion efficiency.

For realizing the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:

A first aspect of the present invention provides a 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell module, which is formed by connecting a plurality of single-cell 2-T perovskite tandem solar cells in series through a connection structure, wherein the connection structure includes dividing two adjacent The P1 insulating region of the TCO conductive layer of the single-cell 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell, the P2 connecting region of the two adjacent single-cell 2-T perovskite tandem solar cells in series, and the dividing adjacent regions Two of the single-cell 2-T perovskite tandem solar cells are opposed to the P3 blocking region of the electrode layer, and a plurality of the single-cell 2-T perovskite tandem solar cells are placed on the same base transparent conductive glass.

Preferably, the single-cell 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell comprises a base transparent conductive glass, a TCO conductive layer, a first charge transport layer, a substrate capable of at least absorbing short-wavelength light and allowing long-wavelength light to pass through, which are connected in sequence. The first perovskite light absorption layer, the second charge transport layer, the transparent conductive electrode, the third charge transport layer, the second perovskite light absorption layer that can absorb most wavelengths of sunlight, the fourth charge transport layer and the counter electrode layer, the counter electrode layer of the single-cell 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell is connected in series with the TCO conductive layer of the adjacent single-cell 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell.

Preferably, the first perovskite light absorbing layer is a perovskite film with a wide band gap, the band gap of the first perovskite light absorbing layer is 1.7-1.9 eV; the second perovskite light absorbing layer is a narrow band A perovskite thin film with a gap, the band gap of the second perovskite light absorbing layer is 0.8-1.2 eV.

Preferably, the material of the first perovskite light absorbing layer is FA _0.83 Cs _0.17 Pb(I _0.5 Br _0.5 ) ₃ ; the material of the second perovskite light absorbing layer is FA _0.75 Cs _0.25 Sn _0.5 Pb _0.5 I ₃ .

Preferably, the first charge transport layer is a hole transport layer, the second charge transport layer is an electron transport layer, the third charge transport layer is a hole transport layer, and the fourth charge transport layer is an electron transport layer transport layer; or the first charge transport layer is an electron transport layer, the second charge transport layer is a hole transport layer, the third charge transport layer is an electron transport layer, and the fourth charge transport layer is empty hole transport layer.

Preferably, the hole transport layer adopts inorganic hole transport material and/or organic hole transport material; the electron transport layer adopts inorganic electron transport material and/or organic electron transport material; the counter electrode layer adopts metal electrode material or non-metallic electrode material.

Preferably, the inorganic hole transport material is one or more of NiO, Cu ₂ O and MoO ₃ , and the organic hole transport material is Spiro-OMeTAD, P ₃ HT, PEDOT:PSS and PTAA one or more; the inorganic electron transport material is one or more of TiO ₂ , ZnO and SnO ₂ , the organic electron transport material is C ₆₀ and/or PCBM; the metal electrode material is Cu, One or more of Al, Ag, Au, Mo and Cr, and the non-metallic electrode material is a carbon electrode.

Preferably, the transparent conductive electrode is one or more of transparent conductive oxide (TCO), silver nanowires, ultra-thin metals and graphene materials.

The second aspect of the present invention provides the preparation method of the 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell module, comprising the following steps:

S1. Cover the TCO conductive layer on the base transparent conductive glass, and etch the TCO conductive layer covered on the base transparent conductive glass to form two adjacent single-node 2-T perovskite stacks P1 insulating region between solar cells; covering the TCO conductive layer and the P1 insulating region with a charge transport material to obtain the first charge transport layer; covering the first charge transport layer with a perovskite light absorbing material , the first perovskite light-absorbing layer is prepared; the charge transport material is covered on the first perovskite light-absorbing layer to obtain the second charge transport layer; the magnetic The transparent conductive electrode is prepared by controlled sputtering method; the transparent conductive electrode is covered with a charge transport material to prepare the third charge transport layer; the third charge transport layer is covered with a perovskite light absorbing material to prepare obtaining the second perovskite light-absorbing layer; covering the second perovskite light-absorbing layer with a charge transport material to obtain the fourth charge transport layer;

S2, engrave the fourth charge transport layer, the second perovskite light absorption layer, the third charge transport layer, the transparent conductive electrode, the second charge transport layer, the first perovskite light absorption layer and the first charge transport layer etch to obtain an etched channel; cover the fourth charge transport layer and the remaining area of the etched channel with a counter electrode material to obtain the counter electrode layer, and at the same time form and divide the two adjacent single segments 2 -The P3 blocking region of the counter electrode layer of the T perovskite tandem solar cell; the counter electrode material in the remaining region of the etching channel is partially etched, and the fourth charge transport layer is retained to cover the corresponding disconnection The charge transport material at the end is used to form a P2 connection region of two adjacent single-segment 2-T perovskite tandem solar cells in series, and the 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell module is prepared.

Preferably, in S2, laser etching is used for the etching, and the incident angle of the laser etching is adjusted to form etching slopes with different angles; when laser etching is used, the parameter setting can refer to the conventional values in the field , 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell modules can be easily prepared through programmed settings.

The present invention adopts the above technical scheme, compared with the prior art, has the following technical effects:

The preparation process provided by the invention can divide the whole large-area 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell into a sub-cell series structure, the structure is stable, not only improves the filling factor, but also increases the open circuit voltage, and the utilization rate of sunlight is high. , thereby improving the conversion efficiency of the large-area battery module, and reflecting the commercial value of the tandem solar cell.

Description of drawings

1 is a schematic diagram of a 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell module in the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the current density-voltage curve graph of Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 tested in the present invention;

The reference numerals therein are:

1-substrate transparent conductive glass; 2-TCO conductive layer; 3-first charge transport layer; 4-first perovskite light absorption layer; 5-second charge transport layer; 6-transparent conductive electrode; 7-third charge transport layer; 8-second perovskite light absorption layer; 9-fourth charge transport layer; 10-pair electrode layer; 11-P1 insulating region; 12-P2 connecting region; 13-P3 blocking region; 14-etching trench road.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but it is not intended to limit the present invention.

It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other under the condition of no conflict.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the present invention provides a 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell module, which is formed by connecting a plurality of single-cell 2-T perovskite tandem solar cells in series through a connection structure, and the connection structure includes dividing The P1 insulating region 11 of the TCO conductive layer 2 of the two adjacent single-cell 2-T perovskite tandem solar cells is connected in series with the P2 connection of the two adjacent single-cell 2-T perovskite tandem solar cells The area 12 and the P3 blocking area 13 that separates the counter electrode layer 10 of the two adjacent single-cell 2-T perovskite tandem solar cells, and several of the single-cell 2-T perovskite tandem solar cells are placed in on the same base transparent conductive glass 1 .

As a preferred embodiment, the single-cell 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell includes a base transparent conductive glass 1, a TCO conductive layer 2, and a first charge transport layer 3 that are connected in sequence. The first perovskite light-absorbing layer 4, the second charge transport layer 5, the transparent conductive electrode 6, the third charge transport layer 7 through which the long-wavelength light completely passes, the second perovskite light-absorbing layer that can absorb most of the wavelengths of sunlight layer 8, fourth charge transport layer 9 and counter electrode layer 10, the counter electrode layer 10 of the single cell 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell is adjacent to the single cell 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell The TCO conductive layers 2 of the battery are connected in series.

As a preferred embodiment, the first perovskite light absorbing layer 4 is a perovskite film with a wide band gap, and the band gap of the first perovskite light absorbing layer 4 is 1.7-1.9 eV; the second perovskite The mineral light absorbing layer 8 is a perovskite thin film with a narrow band gap, and the band gap of the second perovskite light absorbing layer 8 is 0.8-1.2 eV. The material of the first perovskite light absorbing layer 4 is FA _0.83 Cs _0.17 Pb(I _0.5 Br _0.5 ) ₃ ; the material of the second perovskite light absorbing layer 8 is FA _0.75 Cs _0.25 Sn _0.5 Pb _0.5 I ₃ .

As a preferred embodiment, the first charge transport layer 3 is a hole transport layer, the second charge transport layer 5 is an electron transport layer, the third charge transport layer 7 is a hole transport layer, and the third charge transport layer 7 is a hole transport layer. Four charge transport layers 9 are electron transport layers; or the first charge transport layer 3 is an electron transport layer, the second charge transport layer 5 is a hole transport layer, and the third charge transport layer 7 is an electron transport layer , the fourth charge transport layer 9 is a hole transport layer.

As a preferred embodiment, the hole transport layer adopts inorganic hole transport material and/or organic hole transport material; the electron transport layer adopts inorganic electron transport material and/or organic electron transport material; the counter electrode layer 10 Use metal electrode materials or non-metal electrode materials. Wherein, the inorganic hole transport material is one or more of NiO, Cu ₂ O and MoO ₃ , and the organic hole transport material is one of Spiro-OMeTAD, P ₃ HT, PEDOT:PSS and PTAA one or more; the inorganic electron transport material is one or more of TiO ₂ , ZnO and SnO ₂ , the organic electron transport material is C60 and/or PCBM; the metal electrode material is Cu, Al, One or more of Ag, Au, Mo and Cr, and the non-metallic electrode material is a carbon electrode. The transparent conductive electrode 6 is one or more of transparent conductive oxide (TCO), silver nanowires, ultra-thin metal and graphene materials.

The preparation method of the above-mentioned 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell module comprises the following steps:

S1. Cover the TCO conductive layer 2 on the base transparent conductive glass 1, and etch the TCO conductive layer 2 covered on the base transparent conductive glass 1 to form two adjacent single-section 2-T calcium The P1 insulating region 11 between the titanium tandem solar cells; the TCO conductive layer 2 and the P1 insulating region 11 are covered with a charge transport material to obtain the first charge transport layer 3; in the first charge transport The layer 3 is covered with a perovskite light-absorbing material to obtain the first perovskite light-absorbing layer 4; the first perovskite light-absorbing layer 4 is covered with a charge transport material to obtain the second charge transport layer 5 ; On the second charge transport layer 5, a magnetron sputtering method is used to obtain the transparent conductive electrode 6; The transparent conductive electrode 6 is covered with a charge transport material to obtain the third charge transport layer 7; The third charge transport layer 7 is covered with a perovskite light-absorbing material to obtain the second perovskite light-absorbing layer 8; the second perovskite light-absorbing layer 8 is covered with a charge transport material to obtain the second perovskite light-absorbing layer 8 the fourth charge transport layer 9;

S2, for the fourth charge transport layer 9, the second perovskite light absorption layer 8, the third charge transport layer 7, the transparent conductive electrode 6, the second charge transport layer 5, the first perovskite light absorption layer 4 and the first A charge transport layer 3 is etched to obtain an etching channel 14; the fourth charge transport layer 9 and the remaining area of the etching channel 14 are covered with a counter electrode material to obtain the counter electrode layer 10, and at the same time forming a P3 blocking region 13 dividing the counter electrode layers 10 of the two adjacent single-section 2-T perovskite tandem solar cells; partially etching the counter electrode material in the remaining region of the etching channel 14, And retain the charge transport material covering the corresponding disconnected ends of the fourth charge transport layer 9 to form the P2 connection region 12 of two adjacent single-section 2-T perovskite tandem solar cells in series, making The 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell module is obtained.

As a preferred embodiment, in S2, laser etching is used for the etching, and etching slopes with different angles can be formed by adjusting the incident angle of the laser etching.

Example 1

The present invention provides a 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell module, which is formed by connecting two single-cell 2-T perovskite tandem solar cells in series through a connection structure, wherein the connection structure comprises dividing the two single-cell 2-T perovskite tandem solar cells in series. The P1 insulating region 11 of the TCO conductive layer 2 of the 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell, the P2 connecting region 12 of the two single-section 2-T perovskite tandem solar cells in series, and the splitting of the two single-section 2-T perovskite tandem solar cells. The section 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell counters the P3 blocking region 13 of the electrode layer 10 , and the two single-section 2-T perovskite tandem solar cells are placed separately on the same base transparent conductive glass 1 . Among them, the single-cell 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell includes a substrate transparent conductive glass 1, a TCO conductive layer 2, a NiO layer, a perovskite film with a band gap of 1.8 eV, a PCBM layer, and a transparent conductive electrode 6, which are connected in sequence. PEDOT: PSS layer, perovskite film with a band gap of 1.2 eV, C60/PCBM layer and Ag electrode, the counter electrode layer 10 of a single-cell 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell and its adjacent single-cell 2-T perovskite The TCO conductive layers 2 of the tandem solar cell are connected in series. The transparent conductive electrode 6 is AZO.

The preparation method of the above-mentioned 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell module comprises the following steps:

S1. Place the base transparent conductive glass 1 with a roughness of 10 nm and a size of 80×80 mm in a fixture, and fix the position, and etch the TCO conductive layer 2 covered on the base transparent conductive glass 1. By controlling The software sets the etching position and parameters, focuses the laser beam on the etching position on the surface of the substrate transparent conductive glass 1, and then performs etching according to the set parameters, the etching power is 3000mW, and the etching speed is 100mm/s , the etching frequency is 30000 Hz, and the etching width is 100 μm to form the P1 insulating region 11 between two adjacent single-cell 2-T perovskite tandem solar cells; on the TCO conductive layer 2 and the P1 insulating region 11 Covering the charge transport material to prepare the first charge transport layer 3, the first charge transport layer 3 is a NiO layer with a thickness of 20 nm; covering the first charge transport layer 3 with a perovskite light absorbing material to obtain the The first perovskite light-absorbing layer 4 is described as FA _0.83 Cs _0.17 Pb(I _0.5 Br _0.5 ) ₃ with a band gap of 1.8 eV and a thickness of 400 nm; in the first perovskite light-absorbing layer 4 A charge transport material is covered on top to obtain a second charge transport layer 5, which is a PCBM layer and has a thickness of 80 nm; on the second charge transport layer 5, a magnetron sputtering method is used to obtain a transparent conductive electrode 6 with a thickness of 80 nm. is 120 nm; the transparent conductive electrode 6 is covered with a charge transport material to obtain the third charge transport layer 7, which is a PEDOT:PSS layer with a thickness of 20nm; the third charge transport layer 7 is covered with perovskite The second perovskite light-absorbing layer 8 is prepared by using ore light-absorbing material, and the second perovskite light-absorbing layer 8 is FA _0.75 Cs _0.25 Sn _0.5 Pb _0.5 I ₃ with a band gap of 1.2ev, and the thickness is 400 nm; The light absorbing layer 8 is covered with a charge transport material to obtain a fourth charge transport layer 9, and the fourth charge transport layer 9 is a C60/PCBM layer with a thickness of 80 nm;

S2. Place the base transparent conductive glass 1 with a size of 80×80mm and covered with all the above-mentioned film layers in the fixture, fix the position, set the etching position and parameters through the control software, and use a laser to etch all the above-mentioned film layers. Carry out etching, the etching power is 500mW, the etching speed is 30mm/s, the etching frequency is 40000Hz, and the etching width is 350μm, and the etching channel 14 is generated. The remaining area of the channel 14 is covered with the counter electrode material to prepare the counter electrode layer 10. The counter electrode layer 10 is a silver electrode with a thickness of 100 nm. The transparent conductive glass 1 is placed in the fixture, and the position is fixed. The position and parameters of the etching are set by the control software, and the laser beam is focused on the etching position of the silver electrode surface in the etching channel 14, and the etching is 100 μm. The outgoing area is the P3 partition area 13 of the counter electrode layer 10 of two adjacent single-cell 2-T perovskite tandem solar cells, the etching power is 400 mW, the etching speed is 20 mm/s, and the etching frequency is 100000 Hz. Retain the counter electrode layer 10 with a horizontal thickness of 200 μm covering the corresponding disconnected ends of the PCBM layer, that is, the P2 connection region 12 of two adjacent single-cell 2-T perovskite tandem solar cells, to obtain 2-T calcium Titanite tandem solar cell module.

Comparative Example 1

The present invention provides a 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell module, which is formed by connecting two single-cell 2-T perovskite tandem solar cells in series through a connection structure, wherein the connection structure comprises dividing the two single-cell 2-T perovskite tandem solar cells in series. The P1 insulating region 11 of the TCO conductive layer 2 of the 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell, the P2 connecting region 12 of the two single-section 2-T perovskite tandem solar cells in series, and the splitting of the two single-section 2-T perovskite tandem solar cells. The section 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell counters the P3 blocking region 13 of the electrode layer 10 , and the two single-section 2-T perovskite tandem solar cells are placed separately on the same base transparent conductive glass 1 . Among them, the single-cell 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell includes a substrate transparent conductive glass 1, a TCO conductive layer 2, a NiO layer, a perovskite film with a band gap of 1.8 eV, a PCBM layer and an Ag electrode, which are connected in sequence. The counter electrode layer 10 of the 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell is connected in series with the TCO conductive layer 2 of its adjacent single-cell 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell.

The preparation method of the above-mentioned 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell module comprises the following steps:

S1. Place the base transparent conductive glass 1 with a roughness of 10 nm and a size of 80×80 mm in a fixture, and fix the position, and etch the TCO conductive layer 2 covered on the base transparent conductive glass 1. By controlling The software sets the etching position and parameters, focuses the laser beam on the etching position on the surface of the substrate transparent conductive glass 1, and then performs etching according to the set parameters, the etching power is 3000mW, and the etching speed is 100mm/s , the etching frequency is 30000 Hz, and the etching width is 100 μm to form the P1 insulating region 11 between two adjacent single-section 2-T perovskite tandem solar cells;

S2, cover the charge transport material on the TCO conductive layer 2 and the P1 insulating region 11 to obtain the first charge transport layer 3, the first charge transport layer 3 is a NiO layer with a thickness of 20 nm; the first charge transport layer 3 is covered with Perovskite light-absorbing material, the first perovskite light-absorbing layer 4 is prepared, and the first perovskite light-absorbing layer 4 is FA _0.83 Cs _0.17 Pb(I _0.5 Br _0.5 ) ₃ with a band gap of 1.8 eV, and the thickness is 400 nm; A perovskite light-absorbing layer 4 is covered with a charge transport material to obtain a second charge transport layer 5, the second charge transport layer 5 is a PCBM layer with a thickness of 80 nm; _0.83 Cs _0.17 Pb(I _0.5 Br _0.5 ) ₃ and the substrate transparent conductive glass 1 of the PCBM layer are placed in the fixture, and the position is fixed. 3. The first perovskite light-absorbing layer 4 and the second charge transport layer 5 are etched, the etching power is 300 mW, the etching speed is 30 mm/s, the etching frequency is 40000 Hz, and the etching width is 350 μm to form an etching process. The channel 14 is covered with the counter electrode material on the second charge transport layer 5 and the remaining area of the etching channel 14 to obtain the counter electrode layer 10. The counter electrode layer 10 is a silver electrode with a thickness of 100 nm; the size is 80× The base transparent conductive glass 1 of 80mm and covered with all the above-mentioned films and silver electrodes is placed in the fixture, and the position is fixed, and the position and parameters of the etching are set by the control software, and the laser beam is focused on the silver in the etching channel 14. At the etching position of the electrode surface, the etching is 100 μm, the etching power is 400 mW, the etching speed is 20 mm/s, and the etching frequency is 100000 Hz. The etched area is two adjacent single-section 2-T perovskite stacks. The P3 blocking region 13 of the counter electrode layer 10 of the multi-layer solar cell, and the counter electrode layer 10 covering the corresponding disconnected end of the PCBM layer with a horizontal thickness of 200 μm is reserved, that is, two adjacent single-cell 2-T perovskite stacked solar cells The P2 connection region 12 of the cell is used to obtain a 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell module.

Comparative Example 2

The present invention provides a 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell module, which is formed by connecting two single-cell 2-T perovskite tandem solar cells in series through a connection structure, wherein the connection structure comprises dividing the two single-cell 2-T perovskite tandem solar cells in series. The P1 insulating region 11 of the TCO conductive layer 2 of the 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell, the P2 connecting region 12 of the two single-section 2-T perovskite tandem solar cells in series, and the splitting of the two single-section 2-T perovskite tandem solar cells. The section 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell counters the P3 blocking region 13 of the electrode layer 10 , and the two single-section 2-T perovskite tandem solar cells are placed separately on the same base transparent conductive glass 1 . Among them, the single-cell 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell includes a substrate transparent conductive glass 1, a TCO conductive layer 2, a NiO layer, a perovskite film with a band gap of 1.2 eV, a PCBM layer and an Ag electrode connected in sequence. The counter electrode layer 10 of the 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell is connected in series with the TCO conductive layer 2 of its adjacent single-cell 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell.

The preparation method of the above-mentioned 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell module comprises the following steps:

S1. Place the base transparent conductive glass 1 with a roughness of 10 nm and a size of 80×80 mm in a fixture, and fix the position, and etch the TCO conductive layer 2 covered on the base transparent conductive glass 1. By controlling The software sets the etching position and parameters, focuses the laser beam on the etching position on the surface of the substrate transparent conductive glass 1, and then performs etching according to the set parameters, the etching power is 3000mW, and the etching speed is 100mm/s , the etching frequency is 30000 Hz, and the etching width is 100 μm to form the P1 insulating region 11 between two adjacent single-section 2-T perovskite tandem solar cells;

S2, covering the TCO conductive layer 2 and the P1 insulating region 11 with a charge transport material to obtain the first charge transport layer 3, the first charge transport layer 3 is a NiO layer with a thickness of 20 nm; A perovskite light-absorbing material is covered on top to obtain a first perovskite light-absorbing layer 4. The first perovskite light-absorbing layer 4 is FA _0.75 Cs _0.25 Sn _0.5 Pb _0.5 I ₃ with a band gap of 1.2 eV and a thickness of 400 nm; A perovskite light-absorbing layer 4 is covered with a charge transport material to obtain a second charge transport layer 5, the second charge transport layer 5 is a PCBM layer with a thickness of 80 nm; _0.75 Cs _0.25 Sn _0.5 Pb _0.5 I ₃ and the substrate transparent conductive glass 1 of the PCBM layer are placed in the fixture, the position is fixed, the position and parameters of the etching are set by the control software, and the first charge transport layer 3, The first perovskite light-absorbing layer 4 and the second charge transport layer 5 are etched, the etching power is 300mW, the etching speed is 30mm/s, the etching frequency is 40000Hz, and the etching width is 350μm to form an etching channel 14. Cover the counter electrode material on the second charge transport layer 5 and the remaining area of the etching channel 14 to obtain the counter electrode layer 10, the counter electrode layer 10 is a silver electrode with a thickness of 100nm; the size is 80×80mm and The base transparent conductive glass 1 covered with all the above-mentioned films and silver electrodes is placed in the fixture, and the position is fixed. The position and parameters of the etching are set by the control software, and the laser beam is focused on the surface of the silver electrode in the etching channel 14. At the etching position, the etching is 100μm, the etching power is 400mW, the etching speed is 20mm/s, and the etching frequency is 100000Hz. The etched area is two adjacent single-cell 2-T perovskite stacked solar cells The P3 partition region 13 of the battery counter electrode layer 10 retains the counter electrode layer 10 at the corresponding disconnected end of the PCBM layer with a horizontal thickness of 200 μm, which is the adjacent two single-cell 2-T perovskite tandem solar cells. P2 connects region 12, and a 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell module is prepared.

Comparative Example 3

The present invention provides a single-cell 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell, wherein the single-cell 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell comprises a substrate transparent conductive glass 1, a TCO conductive layer 2, a NiO layer, Perovskite film with band gap of 1.8 eV, PCBM layer, transparent conductive electrode 6, PEDOT:PSS layer, perovskite film with band gap of 1.2 eV, C60/PCBM layer and Ag electrode, single-cell 2-T perovskite The counter electrode layer 10 of the tandem solar cell is connected in series with the TCO conductive layer 2 of the adjacent single-cell 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell.

The preparation method of the above single-cell 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell includes the following steps:

S1. Select the base transparent conductive glass 1 with a roughness of 10nm and a size of 25*25mm;

S2. Covering the TCO conductive layer 2 with a charge transport material to obtain a first charge transport layer 3. The first charge transport layer 3 is a NiO layer with a thickness of 20 nm; the first charge transport layer 3 is covered with perovskite to absorb light materials, the first perovskite light-absorbing layer 4 is prepared, and the first perovskite light-absorbing layer 4 is FA _0.83 Cs _0.17 Pb(I _0.5 Br _0.5 ) ₃ with a band gap of 1.8 eV and a thickness of 400 nm; The titanium ore light-absorbing layer 4 is covered with a charge transport material to obtain a second charge transport layer 5. The second charge transport layer 5 is a PCBM layer with a thickness of 80 nm; the second charge transport layer 5 is made of a transparent magnetron sputtering method. The conductive electrode 6 has a thickness of 120 nm; the transparent conductive electrode 6 is covered with a charge transport material to obtain a third charge transport layer 7, and the third charge transport layer 7 is a PEDOT:PSS layer with a thickness of 20nm; 7 is covered with a perovskite light-absorbing material to obtain a second perovskite light-absorbing layer 8, and the second perovskite light-absorbing layer 8 is FA _0.75 Cs _0.25 Sn _0.5 Pb _0.5 I ₃ with a band gap of 1.2 ev and a thickness of 400 nm; The second perovskite light-absorbing layer 8 is covered with a charge transport material to obtain a fourth charge transport layer 9. The fourth charge transport layer 9 is a C60/PCBM layer with a thickness of 80 nm

S3, using a mask on the 25mm*25mm substrate to form a counter electrode layer with an area of 1cm ² , to complete the preparation of a single-cell 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell.

Comparative Example 4

The present invention provides a single-cell 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell, wherein the single-cell 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell comprises a substrate transparent conductive glass 1, a TCO conductive layer 2, a NiO layer, 1.8eV bandgap perovskite film, PCBM layer, transparent conductive electrode 6, PEDOT:PSS layer, 1.2eV bandgap perovskite film, C60/PCBM layer and Ag electrode, single-cell 2-T perovskite stack The counter electrode layer 10 of the layer solar cell is connected in series with the TCO conductive layer 2 of its adjacent single-cell 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell.

The preparation method of the above single-cell 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell includes the following steps:

S1. Select a base transparent conductive glass 1 with a roughness of 10nm and a size of 80*80mm;

S2. Covering the TCO conductive layer 2 with a charge transport material to obtain a first charge transport layer 3. The first charge transport layer 3 is a NiO layer with a thickness of 20 nm; the first charge transport layer 3 is covered with perovskite to absorb light materials, the first perovskite light-absorbing layer 4 is prepared, and the first perovskite light-absorbing layer 4 is FA _0.83 Cs _0.17 Pb(I _0.5 Br _0.5 ) ₃ with a band gap of 1.8 eV and a thickness of 400 nm; The titanium ore light-absorbing layer 4 is covered with a charge transport material to obtain a second charge transport layer 5. The second charge transport layer 5 is a PCBM layer with a thickness of 80 nm; the second charge transport layer 5 is made of a transparent magnetron sputtering method. The conductive electrode 6 has a thickness of 120 nm; the transparent conductive electrode 6 is covered with a charge transport material to obtain a third charge transport layer 7, and the third charge transport layer 7 is a PEDOT:PSS layer with a thickness of 20nm; 7 is covered with a perovskite light-absorbing material to obtain a second perovskite light-absorbing layer 8, and the second perovskite light-absorbing layer 8 is FA _0.75 Cs _0.25 Sn _0.5 Pb _0.5 I ₃ with a band gap of 1.2 ev and a thickness of 400 nm; The second perovskite light-absorbing layer 8 is covered with a charge transport material to obtain a fourth charge transport layer 9. The fourth charge transport layer 9 is a C60/PCBM layer with a thickness of 80 nm

S3, using a mask on the 80mm*80mm substrate to form a counter electrode layer with an area of 36cm ² to complete the preparation of a single-cell 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell.

Application example

The performance of the solar cell modules prepared in Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 were tested and tested, and the specific operation process was as follows:

(1) Under simulated standard sunlight irradiation conditions (AM 1.5G), the current density-voltage curve test of the solar cell module was carried out. The effective working area of the module is limited.

(2) The stability test method of the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell module is as follows: a test is carried out every three days, during which the solar cell module is stored in a dark condition, the temperature is 25°C, and the humidity is 50%.

(3) Record and analyze the test results. Figure 2 shows the current density-voltage curves of three solar cell modules. The specific test results are shown in Table 1:

Table 1

It can be seen from the data in Table 1 that:

Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 are modules made of single-layer perovskite cells, respectively, but by integrating the two band gaps in series into a stacked battery module, the overall voltage is increased by more than 50%, thereby improving the entire battery. Photoelectric conversion efficiency of the module;

Comparative Example 3 is a single small-area laminated cell. According to the data, its open circuit voltage is about 0.7V higher than that of a single cell made by a traditional process, but its actual effective area is too small. low value;

The finished product of Comparative Example 4 is made by duplicating the process of Comparative Example 3 on the glass of the same area of Example 1. It can also be seen from the comparison data that if there is no cutting process, a large-area perovskite film has many defects due to , affecting the filling factor of the battery, thereby reducing the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery; the cutting process can divide the entire large-area battery into a sub-battery series structure, which not only improves the filling factor, but also increases the open circuit voltage, thereby improving the large-area battery module. The conversion efficiency of tandem solar cells reflects the commercial value of tandem solar cells.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments and protection scope of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, they should be aware of the equivalent replacements and obvious changes made by using the contents of the description of the present invention. The solutions obtained by the changes of the above should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell module, characterized in that, a plurality of single-section 2-T perovskite tandem solar cells are connected in series through a connection structure, and the connection structure comprises dividing adjacent two The P1 insulating region (11) of the TCO conductive layer (2) of the single-cell 2-T perovskite tandem solar cells, and the P2 of the two adjacent single-cell 2-T perovskite tandem solar cells in series A connecting region (12) and a P3 blocking region (13) dividing the counter electrode layers (10) of two adjacent single-segment 2-T perovskite tandem solar cells, a plurality of single-segment 2-T perovskites The stacked solar cells are placed on the same base transparent conductive glass (1). 2 . The 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell module according to claim 1 , wherein the single-section 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell comprises substrate transparent conductive glass (1) connected in sequence. 3 . , a TCO conductive layer (2), a first charge transport layer (3), a first perovskite light-absorbing layer (4) capable of at least absorbing short-wavelength light and allowing long-wavelength light to pass completely, and a second charge-transport layer (5) , a transparent conductive electrode (6), a third charge transport layer (7), a second perovskite light absorbing layer (8) capable of absorbing most wavelengths of sunlight, a fourth charge transport layer (9) and a counter electrode layer (10), the counter electrode layer (10) of the single-cell 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell is connected in series with the TCO conductive layer (2) of the adjacent single-cell 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell connect. 3. The 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell module according to claim 2, wherein the first perovskite light-absorbing layer (4) is a wide-bandgap perovskite thin film, and the first perovskite light-absorbing layer (4) The band gap of the perovskite light absorbing layer (4) is 1.7-1.9 eV; the second perovskite light absorbing layer (8) is a narrow band gap perovskite thin film, and the second perovskite light absorbing layer (8) The band gap of 0.8-1.2eV. 4. The 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell module according to claim 2, wherein the material of the first perovskite light-absorbing layer (4) is FA _0.83 Cs _0.17 Pb (I _0.5 Br _0.5 ) ₃ ; the material of the second perovskite light-absorbing layer (8) is FA _0.75 Cs _0.25 Sn _0.5 Pb _0.5 I ₃ . 5. The 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell module according to claim 2, wherein the first charge transport layer (3) is a hole transport layer, and the second charge transport layer (5) ) is an electron transport layer, the third charge transport layer (7) is a hole transport layer, and the fourth charge transport layer (9) is an electron transport layer; or the first charge transport layer (3) is an electron transport layer Transport layer, the second charge transport layer (5) is a hole transport layer, the third charge transport layer (7) is an electron transport layer, and the fourth charge transport layer (9) is a hole transport layer. 6. The 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell module according to claim 5, wherein the hole transport layer adopts an inorganic hole transport material and/or an organic hole transport material; the electron transport The layer adopts inorganic electron transport material and/or organic electron transport material; the counter electrode layer (10) adopts metal electrode material or non-metal electrode material. 7 . The 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell module according to claim 6 , wherein the inorganic hole transport material is one or more of NiO, Cu ₂ O and MoO ₃ . The organic hole transport material is one or more of Spiro-OMeTAD, P ₃ HT, PEDOT:PSS and PTAA; the inorganic electron transport material is one or more of TiO ₂ , ZnO and SnO ₂ , The organic electron transport material is C60 and/or PCBM; the metal electrode material is one or more of Cu, Al, Ag, Au, Mo and Cr, and the non-metal electrode material is a carbon electrode. 8. The 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell module according to claim 2, wherein the transparent conductive electrode (6) is a transparent conductive oxide (TCO), silver nanowire, ultra-thin metal and One or more of graphene materials. 9. The preparation method of the 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell module according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, comprising the steps of: S1. Cover the TCO conductive layer (2) on the base transparent conductive glass (1), and etch the TCO conductive layer (2) covered on the base transparent conductive glass (1) to form two adjacent The P1 insulating region (11) between the single-section 2-T perovskite tandem solar cells; the TCO conductive layer (2) and the P1 insulating region (11) are covered with a charge transport material to obtain the a first charge transport layer (3); covering the first charge transport layer (3) with a perovskite light-absorbing material to prepare the first perovskite light-absorbing layer (4); on the first perovskite light-absorbing material The ore light-absorbing layer (4) is covered with a charge transport material to obtain the second charge transport layer (5); the transparent conductive electrode ( 6); covering the transparent conductive electrode (6) with a charge transport material to obtain the third charge transport layer (7); covering the third charge transport layer (7) with a perovskite light-absorbing material, preparing the second perovskite light-absorbing layer (8); covering the second perovskite light-absorbing layer (8) with a charge transport material to obtain the fourth charge transport layer (9); S2, to the fourth charge transport layer (9), the second perovskite light absorbing layer (8), the third charge transport layer (7), the transparent conductive electrode (6), the second charge transport layer (5), The first perovskite light absorption layer (4) and the first charge transport layer (3) are etched to obtain an etching channel (14); in the fourth charge transport layer (9) and the etching channel (14) ) is covered with a counter electrode material to prepare the counter electrode layer (10), and at the same time a P3 is formed that separates the counter electrode layers (10) of the two adjacent single-section 2-T perovskite tandem solar cells blocking region (13); partially etching the counter electrode material in the remaining region of the etching channel (14), and retaining the charge transport covering the corresponding disconnected ends of the fourth charge transport layer (9) materials to form the P2 connection region (12) of two adjacent single-section 2-T perovskite tandem solar cells in series, and the 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell module is prepared. 10. The method for preparing a 2-T perovskite tandem solar cell module according to claim 9, wherein in S2, the etching adopts laser etching, and the incident angle of the laser etching is adjusted to Etch slopes with different angles are formed.

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