WO2015135204A1

WO2015135204A1 - Hybrid stacked type solar module and manufacturing method therefor

Info

Publication number: WO2015135204A1
Application number: PCT/CN2014/073453
Authority: WO
Inventors: 王洋
Original assignee: 惠州市易晖太阳能科技有限公司
Priority date: 2014-03-14
Filing date: 2014-03-14
Publication date: 2015-09-17

Abstract

A hybrid stacked type solar module. The solar module comprises a plurality of photovoltaic modules which are combined in a laminated manner front and back, wherein a substrate of the photovoltaic module located on the uppermost layer is used as a light incident surface of a solar cell, and a substrate of the photovoltaic module located on the lowermost layer is used as a back plate of the solar cell. These photovoltaic modules sequentially absorb and convert incident light of different wavelength ranges (the wavelength ranges of absorption and conversion are changed from short waves to long waves) in the incident light direction, and photons with longer wavebands are transmitted to the modules at the rear. The solar module can guarantee the efficient conversion efficiency stacking of the plurality of layers of photovoltaic modules, and greatly simplify the preparation flow of the whole solar module, thereby improving the manufacturing efficiency and product quality and reducing the manufacturing difficulty and costs. The method is suitable for the collocation and combination of all the photovoltaic modules of any photovoltaic cell with different band gaps, thereby realizing the purpose of manufacturing a novel efficient hybrid staked type solar module at a low cost in a large-scale manner.

Description

Hybrid stacked solar module and manufacturing method thereof

Technical field

The present invention relates to the field of solar power generation, and relates to a hybrid stacked solar module and a method of manufacturing the same.

Background technique

Existing photovoltaic modules are either single-junction photovoltaic cells using a single semiconductor material (including amorphous silicon thin film cells (a-Si: H), microcrystalline silicon thin film cells (μc-Si: H), cadmium telluride thin film cells (CdTe) , copper indium gallium selenide thin film battery (CIGS), copper zinc tin sulfide thin film battery (CZTS), dye sensitized thin film battery (DSSC), polymer organic thin film battery (polymer), perovskite thin film (perovskite), polysilicon Battery Silicon), polycrystalline silicon thin film battery, monocrystalline silicon battery Silicon), gallium arsenide thin film cells (GaAs), gallium arsenide polycrystalline cells, indium phosphide crystal cells (InP), etc., either using tandem-junction or multi-junction or heterojunction cells ( HIT). The laminate battery and the heterojunction battery include an amorphous silicon/amorphous silicon laminated thin film battery (a-Si: H/a-Si: H), an amorphous silicon/amorphous silicon germanium laminated thin film battery (a-Si) :H/a-SiGe:H), amorphous silicon/amorphous silicon/amorphous silicon germanium laminate thin film battery (a-Si: H/a-Si: H/a-SiGe: H), amorphous silicon/ Amorphous silicon germanium/amorphous silicon germanium laminated thin film battery (a-Si: H/a-SiGe: H/a-SiGe: H), amorphous silicon/microcrystalline silicon laminated thin film battery (a-Si: H) /μc-Si:H), amorphous silicon/microcrystalline silicon/microcrystalline silicon laminated thin film battery (a-Si: H/μc-Si: H/μc-Si: H), amorphous silicon/amorphous silicon锗/microcrystalline silicon laminated thin film battery (a-Si: H/a-SiGe: H/μc-Si: H), triple junction gallium arsenide stacked thin film battery (GaInP/GaInAs/Ge, GaInP/GaAs/GaInAs , four-junction gallium arsenide stacked thin film battery (GaInP/GaAs/GaInAsP/GaInAs, GaInP/GaAs/InGaAs/Ge), amorphous silicon/crystalline silicon heterojunction battery (a-Si: H/c-Si) Wait.

Compared to single-junction cells and components of a single material, stacked cells and heterojunction cells and their components can achieve higher photoelectric conversion efficiency (more than 20%) due to the simultaneous use of optical band gaps of different semiconductor materials. However, conventional laminate batteries and heterojunction cells and their components often have very high manufacturing costs, severely limiting their commercial development. The reason is not only the corresponding increase in the cost of raw materials, but also the fact that the production process in which the different battery cells are stacked in series is highly complicated compared to the battery and the component of a single material, in particular, the process requires different materials between adjacent cells. The interface bonding degree and current density matching must reach a very high level, and the preparation of different battery layers can only be carried out layer by layer, which greatly prolongs the production time and reduces the yield.

Summary of the invention

It is an object of the present invention to provide a hybrid stacked solar module and a method of manufacturing the same.

A hybrid stacked solar module comprising a plurality of front and back laminated composite photovoltaic modules, each photovoltaic component comprising: a substrate; two electrodes prepared on the substrate; and a photovoltaic absorber layer between the two electrodes And a transparent package filling film added between adjacent photovoltaic modules; wherein the substrate of the uppermost photovoltaic module serves as a light incident surface of the solar cell, and the substrate of the lowermost photovoltaic component serves as a back sheet of the solar cell In the direction of the incident light, the plurality of photovoltaic components are sequentially used to absorb a portion of the incident light whose conversion wavelength range is increasing, and the photovoltaic module before the lowermost photovoltaic component also allows longer-wavelength photons to be transmitted to the subsequent photovoltaic component.

In a preferred embodiment, each photovoltaic component is provided with an output at its edge, and the current of the photovoltaic component is directed to the corresponding output through the internally disposed lead.

In a preferred embodiment, a metal bezel packaged around the plurality of laminated photovoltaic modules is further included.

In a preferred embodiment, a junction box disposed behind the back panel of the solar panel is further included, and the output of each photovoltaic module is connected to the junction box through a cable and forms a DC output.

In a preferred embodiment, the output terminals of all photovoltaic modules form the DC output of the solar cell after being connected in series or in parallel or in series and parallel.

In a preferred embodiment, further comprising a plurality of inverters disposed on the back panel of the solar cell, the plurality of inverters being respectively connected to outputs of the plurality of photovoltaic modules, the plurality of inverters The outputs are connected in parallel to form an AC output of the solar cell.

A method for manufacturing a hybrid stacked solar module, the method comprising: sequentially forming an electrode layer, a photovoltaic absorber layer and an electrode layer on a plurality of substrates to form a plurality of photovoltaic modules, and each of the interiors of the photovoltaic modules Providing a lead for guiding current to its edge; superposing the plurality of photovoltaic components and adding a transparent package filling film between adjacent photovoltaic components, and making the substrate of the uppermost photovoltaic component as a light input of the solar cell a substrate of the lowermost photovoltaic module as a back sheet of the solar cell; and a laminate combination process of the plurality of photovoltaic modules with the transparent package filling film; wherein the top and bottom of the plurality of photovoltaic modules are arranged such that: In the direction of the incident light, the plurality of photovoltaic components are sequentially used to absorb a portion of the incident light whose conversion wavelength range is increasing, and the photovoltaic components before the lowermost photovoltaic component also allow longer wavelength photons to be transmitted to the subsequent photovoltaic components.

In a preferred embodiment, the step of forming a plurality of photovoltaic components further includes providing two output ends at an edge of each photovoltaic component, the leads being electrically connected to corresponding output ends; After the processing step, the method further includes the steps of: providing a junction box after the backing plate of the formed solar cell is processed by the lamination, wherein the two output ends of each of the photovoltaic modules are connected to the junction box through a cable and form a DC output. .

In a preferred embodiment, the step of forming a plurality of photovoltaic components further includes providing two output ends at an edge of each photovoltaic component, the leads being electrically connected to corresponding output ends; The processing step further includes the steps of: providing a junction box after the backing plate of the formed solar cell is processed by the lamination assembly, the two outputs of each photovoltaic module being connected in series or in parallel in the internal or external pair of the junction box or Series and parallel to form a single DC output.

In a preferred embodiment, the step of forming a plurality of photovoltaic components further includes providing two output ends at an edge of each photovoltaic component, the leads being electrically connected to corresponding output ends; The processing step further includes the steps of: providing a plurality of inverters after the backing plate of the formed solar cell is processed by the lamination assembly, the plurality of inverters being respectively connected to the output ends of the plurality of photovoltaic modules, The outputs of the plurality of inverters are connected in parallel to form a single AC output of the solar cell.

The hybrid stacked solar module of the present invention integrates a plurality of photovoltaic modules having different absorption and conversion capacities in different wavelength ranges in order, so that the photovoltaic modules are sequentially arranged in different wavelength ranges along the incident light direction (the wavelength range of absorption conversion is Incident light from short-wave to long-wave changes absorbs and converts longer-wavelength photons to subsequent components. This ensures an efficient conversion efficiency stacking between the multilayer photovoltaic modules.

The manufacturing process and method of the solar module of the present invention creatively proposes a new method for avoiding high-efficiency lamination and heterojunction photovoltaic cell and component manufacturing techniques, which is difficult and costly, that is, different types of photovoltaic materials are not carried out at the level of the battery unit. The superposition of the combination, but the step is transferred to the component level to complete, that is, different photovoltaic components (rather than the battery) are simply stacked before and after the separate fabrication, without involving micro-interface bonding and matching between different photovoltaic cell materials. The process greatly simplifies the entire preparation process while ensuring high conversion efficiency, improves manufacturing efficiency and yield, and reduces manufacturing difficulty and cost. The method is applicable to the combination and combination of photovoltaic modules with different band gap photovoltaic cells, and realizes a new type of high-efficiency hybrid stacked solar module (Heterostack) in a low cost and large-scale manner. Photovoltaic Modules, referred to as HPM).

DRAWINGS

1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a hybrid stacked solar module of the present invention.

2 is a schematic diagram showing the evolution of the two photovoltaic modules of FIG. 1 stacked into a solar cell.

Figure 3 is a diagram showing the wiring of the back side of a solar cell in an embodiment.

detailed description

The hybrid stacked solar module of the present invention and its manufacturing method will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

A hybrid stacked solar module comprising a plurality of front and rear laminated composite photovoltaic modules, according to actual needs, no less than two photovoltaic components can be disposed, each photovoltaic component comprises: a substrate, prepared on a substrate Two electrodes, a photovoltaic absorber layer between the two electrodes, and a transparent package fill film added between adjacent photovoltaic modules; wherein the substrate of the uppermost photovoltaic module serves as a light incident surface of the solar cell, The substrate of the lowermost photovoltaic module is used as the back plate of the solar cell, and the band gap, thickness and electrode of the photovoltaic absorption layer (single junction, double junction or multi junction) can be sufficiently transmitted for the short wave and medium long wave incident wave. The structure and the like are all suitable for medium-long wave incident light to pass through. According to the material characteristics of the photovoltaic absorption layer, the thickness thereof should be controlled to less than 1 micrometer; in the direction of incident light, a plurality of photovoltaic modules are sequentially used for increasing the absorption wavelength range. A portion of the incident light, the photovoltaic component prior to the lowermost photovoltaic component, also allows longer wavelength photons to be transmitted to the subsequent photovoltaic component.

Each photovoltaic component is provided with an output end at its edge, and the current of the photovoltaic component is led to the corresponding output through the lead wire disposed inside, and the output terminals of all the photovoltaic components form the solar cell after being connected in series or in parallel or in series and parallel. DC output.

The solar module further includes a junction box disposed behind the back panel of the solar panel, and the output end of each photovoltaic module is connected to the junction box through a cable and forms a DC output.

Referring to FIG. 1 , in an embodiment, taking a stack combination of two photovoltaic modules as an example, the two photovoltaic components are a first photovoltaic component 10 and a second photovoltaic component 20 respectively, and the first photovoltaic component 10 and A transparent package filling film 30 is disposed between the second photovoltaic modules 20; wherein the optical band gap of the first photovoltaic module 10 is suitable for efficiently absorbing and converting short-wave incident light, and the optical band gap of the second photovoltaic module 20 is suitable for high-efficiency absorption and conversion of long-wave incidence. Light, the second photovoltaic component 20 is disposed behind the first photovoltaic component 10, the front of the first photovoltaic component 10 is a solar light incident side, and a transparent package filling film is packaged between the first photovoltaic component 10 and the second photovoltaic component 20. 30. The transparent encapsulating film 30 may be selected from, for example, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer film EVA or a polyvinyl butyral PVB, and then the above three portions are laminated and laminated using a laminator.

The first photovoltaic module 10 includes a glass substrate 11 disposed at the front end, and a transparent electrode 12, a photovoltaic absorber layer 13 and a transparent electrode 12 which are sequentially stacked behind the glass substrate 11, wherein the glass substrate 11 is a sunlight incident side, The band gap of its photovoltaic cell material (single junction, double junction or multi-junction) is suitable for high-efficiency absorption and conversion of short-wave incident light (such as wavelength range 350nm-550nm, 350nm-700nm, etc.), and its thickness of photovoltaic absorber layer and transparent electrode material before and after. The medium and long wave incident light can be passed through, and the semi-finished component does not include the package filling material and the back sheet glass, and does not include the external cable and the junction box.

The second photovoltaic module 20 includes a battery array 21 and a backing plate 22 disposed behind the battery array 21, which may be glass or insulating plastic; a band gap of the photovoltaic cell material (single junction, double junction or multi junction), Thickness and electrode structure are suitable for high-efficiency absorption of long-wave incident light (such as wavelength range 500nm-1100nm, 700nm-1200nm, etc.), and the semi-finished component does not contain package filling material and front glass cover, nor external cable and wiring. box.

Referring to FIG. 2 at the same time, a first output end 14 that can be guided to the outer edge through the lead wire is further disposed from the inside of the first photovoltaic module 10, and the first portion of the second photovoltaic module 20 is provided with a lead wire leading to the outer edge. Two output terminals 23.

Referring to FIG. 3, after the first photovoltaic module 10 and the second photovoltaic module 20 are stacked together, a junction box is disposed on the back thereof (ie, behind the second photovoltaic module 20), and three wiring modes can be set.

In the wiring mode 1, the first output end 14 of the first photovoltaic module 10 and the second output end 23 of the second photovoltaic module 20 are respectively introduced into the junction box through a cable to form two DC outputs.

In the wiring mode 2, the first output end 14 of the first photovoltaic module 10 and the second output end 23 of the second photovoltaic module 20 are single-channel DC output by series/parallel.

In the wiring mode 3, the first output end 14 of the first photovoltaic component 10 and the second output end 23 of the second photovoltaic component 20 can be respectively introduced into the inverter and converted into corresponding two-way AC output, after the two-way AC output A single AC output is formed by paralleling.

Finally, the perimeter package metal bezel of the plurality of laminated photovoltaic modules can be packaged and reinforced as needed.

A method of manufacturing a hybrid stacked solar module, the method comprising:

Forming an electrode layer, a photovoltaic absorber layer, and an electrode layer sequentially on the plurality of substrates to form a plurality of photovoltaic modules, and each of the photovoltaic modules is internally provided with leads for guiding current to the edges thereof;

Superposing the plurality of photovoltaic modules and adding a transparent package filling film between adjacent photovoltaic modules, and using the substrate of the uppermost photovoltaic module as the light incident surface of the solar cell, and the substrate of the lowermost photovoltaic module As a backsheet for solar cells;

Laminating and combining a plurality of photovoltaic modules with a transparent package filling film;

Wherein the top and bottom of the plurality of photovoltaic modules are arranged such that, in the direction of the incident light, the plurality of photovoltaic components are sequentially used to absorb a portion of the incident light whose conversion wavelength range is increasing, and the photovoltaic components before the lowermost photovoltaic component are allowed to be longer. The photons of the band are transmitted to the rear photovoltaic components.

Preferably, the step of forming a plurality of photovoltaic modules early includes a plurality of different wiring manners, respectively:

In a first method, an output end is disposed at an edge of each photovoltaic component, and the lead wire is electrically connected to the corresponding output end; the laminating combination processing step further comprises the step of: providing a junction box after laminating the solar cell rear plate formed by the combined processing The output of each PV module is connected to the junction box through a cable and forms a DC output.

In the second method, an output end is disposed at an edge of each photovoltaic component, and the lead wire is electrically connected to the corresponding output end; the laminating combination processing step further includes the step of: providing a junction box after the back panel of the solar cell formed by the lamination combination processing The output of each photovoltaic module is connected in series or in parallel or in series or parallel in the internal or external pair of the junction box to form a single DC output.

In the third method, two output ends are disposed at the edge of each photovoltaic module, and the lead wires are electrically connected to the corresponding output ends, and the lamination combining processing step further includes the steps of: setting after the back panel of the solar cell formed by the lamination combination processing A plurality of inverters are respectively connected to the output ends of the plurality of photovoltaic modules, and then the output ends of the plurality of inverters are connected in parallel to form a single AC output of the solar battery.

In order to facilitate understanding of the design of the present invention, the following several methods are provided, and not only the following embodiments are provided:

Example 1, an amorphous silicon-monocrystalline silicon hybrid photovoltaic module:

(1) A semi-finished single-junction amorphous silicon thin film photovoltaic module was prepared on an ultra-white tempered glass substrate having a size of 1100 mm × 1400 mm. It is characterized by light from the glass side, and its amorphous silicon photovoltaic thin film battery material is suitable for high-efficiency absorption and conversion of short-wave incident light (wavelength range 350nm-550nm), while controlling the thickness of the amorphous silicon absorption layer to below 150nm and using zinc oxide. Aluminum (AZO) transparent back electrode allows medium to long wave incident light to pass through, and the semi-finished component does not contain package filling material and backplane glass, nor external cable and junction box, and its current output only needs to be guided through internal leads The edge of the component can be;

(2) A semi-finished monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic module was simultaneously prepared on another sheet of the same size polyvinyl fluoride (TPT) film back sheet. The utility model is characterized in that the component is made of a polyvinyl fluoride material as a back plate, and a plurality of single-crystal silicon cell sheets of 156 mm×156 mm size are used, and the single crystal silicon photovoltaic cell material is suitable for high-efficiency absorption and conversion of long-wave incident light (wavelength range 500 nm-1100 nm). And the semi-finished component does not include the package filling material and the front glass cover, nor the external cable and the junction box, and the current output only needs to be guided to the edge of the component through the inner lead;

(3) Finished component packaging. The requirement is that the amorphous silicon component is the front end and the glass faces the front, the single crystal silicon component is the rear end and the back plate faces the rear, and the two components are superposed and a transparent package filled with ethylene-vinyl acetate (vinyl acetate) copolymer is added in the middle. Film EVA film, and then laminating the above three parts using a laminator;

(4) Circuit output. The outputs of the two components are respectively routed through the cable to the rear junction box to form two DC outputs.

(5) Finally, the finished component is packaged and reinforced with an aluminum alloy frame.

Example 2, an amorphous silicon-polysilicon hybrid photovoltaic module:

(1) A semi-finished single-junction amorphous silicon thin film photovoltaic module was prepared on an ultra-white glass substrate having a size of 1100 mm × 1300 mm. It is characterized by light from the glass side, and its amorphous silicon photovoltaic thin film battery material is suitable for high-efficiency absorption and conversion of short-wave incident light (wavelength range 350nm-550nm), while controlling the thickness of the amorphous silicon absorption layer to below 150nm and using zinc oxide. Aluminum (AZO) transparent back electrode allows medium to long wave incident light to pass through, and the semi-finished component does not contain package filling material and backplane glass, nor external cable and junction box, and its current output only needs to be guided through internal leads The edge of the component can be;

(2) A semi-finished polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic module was simultaneously prepared on another sheet of the same size polyvinyl fluoride (TPT) film back sheet. The utility model is characterized in that the component is made of a polyvinyl fluoride material as a back plate, and a plurality of polycrystalline silicon cells of 156 mm×156 mm size are used, and the polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic cell material is suitable for efficiently absorbing and converting long-wave incident light (wavelength range 500 nm-1100 nm), and the The semi-finished assembly does not contain the package fill material and the front glass cover, nor the external cable and junction box, the current output of which can be guided to the edge of the component through the internal lead;

(3) Finished component packaging. The requirement is that the amorphous silicon component is the front end and the glass is facing forward, the single crystal silicon component is the rear end and the back plate is facing backward, and the two components are superposed and a transparent package filled with polyvinyl butyral PVB film is added in the middle, and then Laminating the above three parts using a laminating machine;

(4) Circuit output. The output voltage and current of the component are changed by adjusting the number and manner of laser scribing in the manufacturing process of the amorphous silicon component, and matching with the operating current of the polysilicon component in the combined state, and the two output terminals are performed inside the junction box. Connect in series to form a single DC output.

Example 3, an amorphous silicon-gallium arsenide hybrid photovoltaic module:

(1) A semi-finished single-junction amorphous silicon thin film photovoltaic module was prepared on a tempered ultra-white glass substrate having a size of 1245 mm × 635 mm. It is characterized by light from the glass side, and its amorphous silicon photovoltaic thin film battery material is suitable for high-efficiency absorption and conversion of short-wave incident light (wavelength range 350nm-550nm), while controlling the thickness of the amorphous silicon absorption layer to below 150nm and using zinc oxide. Aluminum (AZO) transparent back electrode allows medium to long wave incident light to pass through, and the semi-finished component does not contain package filling material and backplane glass, nor external cable and junction box, and its current output only needs to be guided through internal leads The edge of the component can be;

(2) Simultaneous preparation of a semi-finished GaAs photovoltaic module on another common glass backing plate of the same specification. The utility model is characterized in that the component is made of glass as a backing plate, and the gallium arsenide photovoltaic cell material is suitable for efficiently absorbing and converting long-wave incident light (wavelength range: 500 nm to 1100 nm), and the semi-finished component does not include a package filling material and a front glass cover. It also does not include external cables and junction boxes, and its current output is simply routed through the internal leads to the edge of the assembly;

(3) Finished component packaging. The requirement is that the amorphous silicon component is the front end and the glass is facing forward, the gallium arsenide component is the rear end and the back plate is facing backward, so that the two components are superposed and a transparent package filled with ethylene-vinyl acetate (vinyl acetate) copolymer is added in the middle. Film EVA film, and then laminating the above three parts using a laminator;

(4) Circuit output. The output voltage and current of the component are changed by adjusting the number and manner of laser scribing in the manufacturing process of the amorphous silicon component, and matching with the operating voltage of the gallium arsenide component in the combined state, two outputs are inside the junction box The terminals are connected in parallel to form a single DC output.

(5) Finally, since the finished product is a double-glass component, it can be packaged and reinforced without using a metal frame.

Example 4, an amorphous silicon-copper indium gallium selenide hybrid photovoltaic module:

(1) A semi-finished single-junction amorphous silicon thin film photovoltaic module was prepared on an ultra-white glass substrate having a size of 1200 mm × 600 mm. It is characterized by light from the glass side, and its amorphous silicon photovoltaic thin film battery material is suitable for high-efficiency absorption and conversion of short-wave incident light (wavelength range 350nm-550nm), while controlling the thickness of the amorphous silicon absorption layer to below 150nm and using zinc oxide. Aluminum (AZO) transparent back electrode allows medium to long wave incident light to pass through, and the semi-finished component does not contain package filling material and backplane glass, nor external cable and junction box, and its current output only needs to be guided through internal leads The edge of the component can be;

(2) A semi-finished copper indium gallium selenide thin film photovoltaic module is simultaneously prepared on another common glass back sheet of the same specification. The utility model is characterized in that the component is made of glass as a backing plate, and the copper indium gallium selenide photovoltaic cell material is suitable for efficiently absorbing and converting long-wave incident light (wavelength range: 500 nm to 1100 nm), and the semi-finished component does not include the package filling material and the front glass cover plate. Does not include external cables and junction boxes, the current output of which can only be guided to the edge of the component through internal leads;

(3) Finished component packaging. The requirement is that the amorphous silicon component is the front end and the glass is facing forward, the copper indium gallium selenide component is the rear end and the back plate is facing backward, and the two components are superposed and a transparent package filled with polyvinyl butyral PVB film is added in the middle. The above three parts are then laminated using a laminator;

(4) Circuit output. The two output terminals are first introduced into two micro-inverters and converted into alternating current, and then paralleled inside or outside the junction box to form a single-channel AC output.

Example 5, a cadmium telluride-copper indium gallium selenide hybrid photovoltaic module:

(1) A semi-finished cadmium telluride thin film photovoltaic module was prepared on an ultra-white glass substrate having a size of 1200 mm x 600 mm. It is characterized by glazing from the glass side, and the cadmium telluride photovoltaic thin film battery material is suitable for efficiently absorbing and converting short-wave incident light (wavelength range 350nm-700nm), while controlling the thickness of the cadmium telluride absorption layer to less than 1 micron and using oxidation Indium tin (ITO) transparent back electrode allows medium to long wave incident light to pass through, and the semi-finished component does not contain package filling material and backplane glass, nor external cable and junction box, its current output only needs to be led through internal lead The edge of the component can be;

(3) Finished component packaging. The requirement is that the amorphous silicon component is the front end and the glass is facing forward, the copper indium gallium selenide component is the rear end and the back plate is facing backward, so that the two components are superposed and a transparent package filled with ethylene-vinyl acetate (vinyl acetate) is added in the middle. a copolymer film EVA film, and then laminating the above three parts using a laminator;

Example 6, an amorphous silicon / microcrystalline silicon - copper indium gallium selenide hybrid photovoltaic module:

(1) A semi-finished amorphous silicon/microcrystalline silicon laminated thin film photovoltaic module was prepared on an ultra-white glass substrate having a size of 1200 mm × 600 mm. The feature is that the glass is glazed from the glass side, and the amorphous silicon/microcrystalline silicon photovoltaic thin film battery material is suitable for efficiently absorbing and converting short-wave incident light (wavelength range 350 nm-700 nm), and controlling the thickness of the amorphous silicon absorption layer to 150 nm. Hereinafter, the thickness of the microcrystalline silicon absorbing layer is less than 1 micrometer and the boron-doped zinc oxide (BZO) transparent back electrode is used to sufficiently pass the medium-long wavelength incident light, and the semi-finished component does not include the package filling material and the back sheet glass, and does not include External cables and junction boxes whose current output is simply routed through the internal leads to the edge of the assembly;

(3) Finished component packaging. The requirement is that the amorphous silicon/microcrystalline silicon laminate assembly is used as the front end and the glass is facing forward, the copper indium gallium selenide assembly is the rear end and the back plate is facing backward, so that the two components are superposed and a transparent package filled with polyvinyl alcohol is added in the middle. a butyral PVB film, and then laminating the above three parts using a laminator;

Example 7 is an amorphous silicon/amorphous silicon germanium-copper indium gallium selenide hybrid photovoltaic module:

(1) A semi-finished amorphous silicon/amorphous silicon germanium laminate thin film photovoltaic module was prepared on an ultra-white glass substrate having a size of 1245 mm × 635 mm. It is characterized by light extraction from the glass side, and its amorphous silicon/amorphous silicon germanium photovoltaic thin film battery material is suitable for efficiently absorbing and converting short-wave incident light (wavelength range 350 nm-700 nm) while controlling amorphous silicon and amorphous silicon germanium. The total thickness of the absorbing layer is below 300 nm and the transparent back electrode of aluminum oxide aluminum (AZO) is used to make the medium-long wavelength incident light pass sufficiently, and the semi-finished component does not include the package filling material and the back sheet glass, and does not include the external cable and the junction box. , its current output only needs to be guided to the edge of the component through the internal lead;

Example 8 is an amorphous silicon-copper indium gallium selenide-single crystal silicon hybrid photovoltaic module:

(2) Simultaneous preparation of a semi-finished copper indium gallium selenide thin film photovoltaic module on another piece of ultra-clear glass of the same specification. The feature is that the component of the copper indium gallium selenide photovoltaic cell material is suitable for high-efficiency absorption of long-wave incident light (wavelength range 500nm-900nm), while controlling the thickness of the copper indium gallium selenide absorber layer to less than 1 micron and using zinc aluminum oxide ( AZO) transparent back electrode allows long-wave incident light to pass through, and the semi-finished component does not contain package filling material and front glass cover, nor external cable and junction box, its current output only needs to be led to the edge of the component through internal leads Yes;

(3) A semi-finished monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic module was simultaneously prepared on another sheet of the same size polyvinyl fluoride (TPT) film back sheet. The utility model is characterized in that the component is made of a polyvinyl fluoride material as a back plate, and a plurality of single-crystal silicon cell sheets of 156 mm×156 mm size are used, and the single crystal silicon photovoltaic cell material is suitable for high-efficiency absorption and conversion of long-wave incident light (wavelength range: 700 nm to 1200 nm). And the semi-finished component does not include the package filling material and the front glass cover, nor the external cable and the junction box, and the current output only needs to be guided to the edge of the component through the inner lead;

(4) Finished component packaging. The requirement is that the amorphous silicon component is the front end and the glass is facing forward, and the copper indium gallium selenide component is used as the intermediate component (the glass surface can be forward or backward), the single crystal silicon component is used as the back end and the back plate is facing backward, so that The three components are superimposed and a transparent package filled polyvinyl butyral PVB film is added between adjacent components, and then the above five parts are laminated and combined using a laminator;

(5) Circuit output. The three output terminals are first introduced into three micro-inverters and converted into alternating current, and then connected in parallel inside or outside the junction box to form a single-channel AC output.

(6) Finally, the finished component is packaged and reinforced with an aluminum alloy frame.

In summary, the hybrid stacked solar module of the present invention integrates a plurality of photovoltaic modules having different wavelength range absorption conversion capacities into a single layer, and sequentially, the photovoltaic modules are sequentially arranged in different wavelength ranges along the incident light direction (absorption and conversion). The incident light of the wavelength range from short-wave to long-wave changes is absorbed and converted, and the longer-band photons are transmitted to the subsequent components. Thereby, the conversion efficiency of the light effect between the multilayer photovoltaic modules is efficiently ensured. The manufacturing process and method of the solar module of the present invention creatively proposes a new method for avoiding high-efficiency lamination and heterojunction photovoltaic cell and component manufacturing techniques, which is difficult and costly, that is, different types of photovoltaic materials are not carried out at the level of the battery unit. The superposition of the combination, but the step is transferred to the component level to complete, that is, different photovoltaic components (rather than the battery) are simply stacked before and after the separate fabrication, without involving micro-interface bonding and matching between different photovoltaic cell materials. The process greatly simplifies the entire preparation process while ensuring high conversion efficiency, improves manufacturing efficiency and yield, and reduces manufacturing difficulty and cost. The method is applicable to the combination and combination of photovoltaic modules with different band gap photovoltaic cells, and realizes a new type of high-efficiency hybrid stacked solar module (Heterostack) in a low cost and large-scale manner. Photovoltaic Modules, referred to as HPM).

The above-mentioned embodiments are merely illustrative of several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that a number of variations and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the scope of the invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

A hybrid stacked solar module, comprising:

A plurality of front and back laminated composite photovoltaic modules, each of which includes:

Substrate

Preparing two electrodes on the substrate; and

a photovoltaic absorber layer between the two electrodes;

Adding a transparent package fill film between adjacent photovoltaic components;

Wherein, the substrate of the photovoltaic module located at the uppermost layer serves as a light incident surface of the solar cell, and the substrate of the photovoltaic module located at the lowermost layer serves as a back plate of the solar cell; in the direction of the incident light, the plurality of photovoltaic components are sequentially used for absorption Converting a portion of the incident light with increasing wavelength range, the photovoltaic module prior to the lowermost photovoltaic module also allows longer wavelength photons to be transmitted to the subsequent photovoltaic components.
The hybrid stacked solar module of claim 1 wherein each photovoltaic component is provided with an output at its edge, and the current of the photovoltaic component is directed to a corresponding output through a lead disposed therein.
The hybrid stacked solar module of claim 1 further comprising a metal bezel packaged around said plurality of laminated photovoltaic components.
The hybrid stacked solar module according to claim 2, further comprising a junction box disposed behind the back panel of the solar panel, wherein the output end of each photovoltaic module is connected to the junction box through the cable and forms a DC Output.
The hybrid stacked solar module of claim 2 wherein the output terminals of all of the photovoltaic modules form a DC output of the solar cell after being connected in series or in parallel or in series and parallel.
The hybrid stacked solar module of claim 2, further comprising a plurality of inverters disposed on the solar cell backplane, the plurality of inverters respectively outputting the plurality of photovoltaic components Connected to the terminals, the outputs of the plurality of inverters are connected in parallel to form an AC output of the solar cell.
A method of manufacturing a hybrid stacked solar module, the method comprising:

Forming an electrode layer, a photovoltaic absorber layer, and an electrode layer sequentially on the plurality of substrates to form a plurality of photovoltaic modules, and each of the photovoltaic modules is internally provided with leads for guiding current to the edges thereof;

Superposing the plurality of photovoltaic modules and adding a transparent package filling film between adjacent photovoltaic modules, and using the substrate of the uppermost photovoltaic module as the light incident surface of the solar cell, and the substrate of the lowermost photovoltaic module As a backsheet for solar cells;

Laminating and combining a plurality of photovoltaic modules with a transparent package filling film;

Wherein the top and bottom of the plurality of photovoltaic modules are arranged such that, in the direction of the incident light, the plurality of photovoltaic components are sequentially used to absorb a portion of the incident light whose conversion wavelength range is increasing, and the photovoltaic components before the lowermost photovoltaic component are allowed to be longer. The photons of the band are transmitted to the rear photovoltaic components.
The method of manufacturing a hybrid stacked solar module according to claim 7, wherein the step of forming a plurality of photovoltaic modules further comprises: providing two output ends at an edge of each photovoltaic component, the leads and Corresponding output terminals are electrically connected; the laminating combination processing step further comprises the steps of: providing a junction box after the laminate assembly processes the formed back panel of the solar cell, two output ends of each of the photovoltaic modules Both are connected to the junction box through cables and form a DC output.
The method of manufacturing a hybrid stacked solar module according to claim 7, wherein the step of forming a plurality of photovoltaic modules further comprises: providing two output ends at an edge of each photovoltaic component, the leads and Corresponding output terminals are electrically connected; the laminating combination processing step further comprises the steps of: providing a junction box after the laminate assembly processes the formed back panel of the solar cell, two output ends of each of the photovoltaic modules The internal or external pairs of the junction box are connected in series or in parallel or in series and parallel to form a single DC output.
The method of manufacturing a hybrid stacked solar module according to claim 7, wherein the step of forming a plurality of photovoltaic modules further comprises: providing two output ends at an edge of each photovoltaic component, the leads and Corresponding output terminals are electrically connected; the laminating combination processing step further comprises the steps of: providing a plurality of inverters after the backing plate of the solar cell formed by the lamination combining process, the plurality of inverters respectively Connected to the outputs of the plurality of photovoltaic modules, the outputs of the plurality of inverters being connected in parallel to form a single AC output of the solar cell.