CN112133765B - 一种采用固态扩散方式制备的晶硅电池及其制备工艺 - Google Patents
一种采用固态扩散方式制备的晶硅电池及其制备工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种采用固态扩散方式制备的晶硅电池及其制备工艺,包括晶硅片、减反层和正电极,所述晶硅片的正面设置有减反层,所述减反层的正面设置有正电极,所述晶硅片的背面设置有钝化层,所述钝化层的背面设置有背电极。本发明通过固态磷扩散的方式制备电池片,固态磷源片与晶硅片的平行且靠近,扩散均匀性较好,晶硅片形成的结深差异较小,同时相比于其他气态和液态系统以毒性化学掺杂物为原料,固态磷源片扩散时无毒性气体产生,也不会与其他材料剧烈反应、燃烧或助燃,使用安全性高,所制晶硅片良品率、均匀性、安全性更高,缺陷更少,有助于解决产能和均匀性不可兼得的矛盾,适合广泛推广与使用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电池领域,具体是一种采用固态扩散方式制备的晶硅电池及其制备工艺。
背景技术
由于半导体材料硅具有较高的光电转化效率和性能稳定性等的特点,使得硅成为最理想的太阳能材料,晶体硅太阳能电池成为太阳能电池中使用最多的一类,在晶体硅太阳能电池的制备工艺中需要进行扩散步骤,将P型半导体和N型半导体制作在同一半导体基片上,使得半导体材料具备单向导电性、反向击穿性,而现有的扩散工艺中产采用毒性化学掺杂物例如乙硼烷、三氯氧磷、三溴化硼、磷化氢等,其扩散的均匀性有待提高,且有毒化学物的参与有碍于电池片制备工艺的安全性,产能无法扩大。因此,我们提出一种采用固态扩散方式制备的晶硅电池及其制备工艺。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种采用固态扩散方式制备的晶硅电池及其制备工艺,以解决现有技术中的问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:一种采用固态扩散方式制备的晶硅电池,包括晶硅片、减反层和正电极,所述晶硅片的正面设置有减反层,所述减反层的正面设置有正电极,所述晶硅片的背面设置有钝化层,所述钝化层的背面设置有背电极。
进一步的,所述减反层包括二氧化硅片层、第一氮化硅片层和第二氮化硅片层,所述二氧化硅片层与晶硅片接触,所述第一氮化硅片层位于第二氮化硅片层和二氧化硅片层之间,所述钝化层为三氧化二铝片层。
进一步的,所述二氧化硅片层的厚度为1.2~1.6nm,所述第一氮化硅片层的厚度为15~20nm,所述第二氮化硅片层的厚度为55~80nm,所述三氧化二铝片层的厚度为1~10nm。
一种采用固态扩散方式制备的晶硅电池的制备工艺,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)清洗:清洗晶硅片表面,并制绒形成陷光结构;
2)扩散:在晶硅片表面进行固态扩散,形成PN结;
3)刻蚀:去除电池片表面玻璃和边缘的PN结;
4)沉积:采用化学气相沉积法在电池片表面沉积减反层;
5)丝网印刷:在电池片的表面进行丝网印刷,形成电极图案;
6)烧结:对电池片进行烧结,形成电极;
7)测试分选:对电池片进行检测,检测合格的为成品电池片。
进一步的,所述步骤1)包括以下步骤:
取晶硅片置于腐蚀液中处理4~10min,取出水洗吹干后,利用抛光液进行双面抛光,水洗后置于氢氧化钠水溶液中进行刻蚀,水洗后吹干,腐蚀液为氢氟酸、硝酸、乙酸的混合水溶液,抛光液为二氧化硅胶粒、有机碱、表面活性剂、氧化剂、稳定剂的混合水溶液。
在上述技术方案中,腐蚀液能够去除晶硅片表面的氧化层和损伤层,保持晶硅片的清洁、消除晶硅片的内应力,并能够减少后续抛光所要去除的厚度;
利用抛光液将晶硅片进行抛光,其中抛光液中的二氧化硅胶粒擦除腐蚀产物,有机碱对晶硅片进行腐蚀,防止金属离子的引入,并于金属离子形成络合物,使得金属被除去,有机碱优选二亚乙基三胺,氧化剂可将晶硅片表面的硅的氧化,促进二氧化硅和有机碱的反应,提高腐蚀速度,表面活性剂用于消除颗粒间的团聚;各组分协同作用,提高晶硅片的表面平整度,确保晶硅片厚度的一致性,消除弯曲和翘曲、裂纹、划痕等缺陷,得到高精度的晶硅片。
进一步的,所述步骤2)包括以下步骤:
取固态磷源片和晶硅片置于石英舟中,晶硅片与固态磷源片间的距离为0~4mm,向石英舟中通入氧气,于825~950℃温度下保温28~32min,然后升高舟内温度至950~960℃,通入氮气并保温28~32min,氮气流量为450~500sccm,再次升高舟内温度至1025~1140℃,同时通入干燥氧气,通入5~8min后转为通入湿润氧气,持续时间为28~32min后,再次通入干燥氧气,通入持续时间为6~9min。
在上述技术方案中,固态磷源片被平行放置于晶硅片表面附近,这种源片与晶硅片的接近方式,扩散均匀性较好,晶硅片形成的结深差异较小,同时相比于其他气态和液态系统以毒性化学掺杂物为原料,固态磷源片扩散无毒性气体的产生,也不会与其他材料剧烈反应、燃烧、或者助燃,使用安全性高,使得所制晶硅片良品率、均匀性、安全性更高,缺陷更少,解决了产能和均匀性不可兼得的矛盾;
且扩散工序还包括对晶硅片的正面和背面进行二次扩散,与晶硅片背面相对的为固态硼源片,其位置与丝网印刷的图案对应;与晶硅片正面相对的为固态磷源片,其位置与丝网印刷的图案对应;固态硼源可为氮化硼热压陶瓷、硼微晶玻璃,固态磷源为片状磷源陶瓷,通过上述方式磷、硼分别在对应位置进行重扩散,形成N+区和P+区,区域比丝网印刷的图案略大,能够与后续所形成的电极完全接触,降低与电极间的接触电阻,有益于改善填充因子,降低所制电池片的串联电阻,同时在通入的气体中加入二氧化碳可改善方阻均匀性,能够达到提高光电转化效率的效果。
进一步的,所述步骤3)包括以下步骤:
取晶硅片置于30℃的刻蚀液中处理4~10min,取出水洗吹干后,置于氢氧化钠溶液中清洗2~5min,水洗后置于氢氟酸水溶液中清洗,水洗后吹干,其中刻蚀液为氢氟酸和硝酸、乙酸、盐酸、乙醇的混合水溶液。
在上述技术方案中,刻蚀液中的乙醇能够催化氧化,并与乙酸协同保持刻蚀液的酸性,维持氢氟酸的腐蚀速度,盐酸降低氢氟酸的渗透腐蚀性,缓解刻蚀液的腐蚀性,确保刻蚀效率和刻蚀质量。
进一步的,所述步骤4)包括以下步骤:
a)正面沉积:
取晶硅片置于反应釜中,加热至50~85℃,通入携带有正硅酸乙酯的氮气,持续通入3~12min,然后通入携带有氨气的湿润氮气,保温反应5~15min,加热至150~160℃,保温12~18min,制得二氧化硅片层;
然后通入甲硅烷、氮气和氨气,同时微波处理,于460~500℃温度下反应2~3min,此时甲硅烷流量250~400sccm,氮气流量1500~2500sccm,氨气流量2500~4000sccm,釜内压强220~270mbar,通入氮气,持续加热3~5min形成第一氮化硅片层;
继续通入甲硅烷、氮气和氨气,同时微波处理,升温至420~460℃,反应7~10min,此时甲硅烷流量150~200sccm,氮气流量800~1500sccm,氨气流量1600~2500sccm,釜内压强160~220mbar,通入氮气,持续加热1~3min,形成第二氮化硅片层;
b)背面沉积:
将晶硅片翻转,置于反应釜中,通入三甲基铝、一氧化二氮和氩气的混合气体,同时微波处理,将反应釜由300~330℃逐渐以2~20℃/min的速度升温至360~400℃,保温30~90s,形成三氧化二铝片层。
在上述技术方案中,沉积工序中减反层和钝化层的设置与制备更适应于上述扩散工艺后的晶硅片,适合在相应的N型、P型硅面上附着,起到钝化和减反射的作用,提高电池表面的钝化接触,提高电池的转化效率。
进一步的,所述步骤5)、步骤6)包括以下步骤:
取晶硅片利用激光刻槽技术除去晶硅片表面的片层,形成凹槽,清洗后取印刷浆料在晶硅片进行丝网印刷并烘干,印刷浆料涂布于晶硅片表面凹槽内;
取晶硅片置于185~215℃烧结炉中进行烧结,保温3~10min,以12~16℃/min的速率升温至335~365℃,保温5~15min后,以10~15℃/min的速率升温至850~950℃,保温7~15min,形成正电极和背电极。
在上述技术方案中,除利用丝网印刷制备正电极和背电极外,还可以利用下述工艺进行制备:取聚酰胺、乙基纤维素为有机载体制得第一浆料,乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、松香油、有机锡、抗氧剂为有机载体制得第二浆料,在模具中涂布第一浆料,烘干形成第一涂层,涂布第二浆料,烘干形成第二涂层,第一涂层的厚度为70~120μm,第二涂层的厚度为50~70μm;取晶硅片利用激光刻槽技术除去晶硅片表面的片层,形成凹槽,加热晶硅片至70~90℃,翻转模具与晶硅片接触,使得第二涂层与晶硅片表面贴合;
模具中涂层的涂布可与其他工艺同时进行,且涂层与晶硅片接触后的热处理可与烧结工序连贯,使得电极印刷和烧结工序一体化,提高电池片的生产效率,其中第二涂层与受热晶硅片接触后,第二涂层中的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物受热与晶硅片粘连,形成电极图案,所增加的有机锡如四苯基锡、二月桂酸二丁基锡等,使得第二涂层的烧结产物与晶硅片间的结合性能较好,且有机锡烧结产物锡与硅结合能够提高接触区域的导电率,更便于能量的存储。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果如下:
本发明的采用固态扩散方式制备的晶硅电池及其制备工艺,通过固态磷扩散的方式制备电池片,固态磷源片与晶硅片的平行且靠近,扩散均匀性较好,晶硅片形成的结深差异较小,同时相比于其他气态和液态系统以毒性化学掺杂物为原料,固态磷源片扩散时无毒性气体产生,也不会与其他材料剧烈反应、燃烧或助燃,使用安全性高,所制晶硅片良品率、均匀性、安全性更高,缺陷更少,有助于解决产能和均匀性不可兼得的矛盾。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
1)清洗:取晶硅片置于腐蚀液中处理4min,取出水洗吹干后,利用抛光液进行双面抛光,水洗后置于氢氧化钠水溶液中进行刻蚀,水洗后吹干,形成陷光结构,腐蚀液为氢氟酸、硝酸、乙酸的混合水溶液,抛光液为二氧化硅胶粒、有机碱、表面活性剂、氧化剂、稳定剂的混合水溶液;
2)扩散:取固态磷源片和晶硅片置于石英舟中,晶硅片与固态磷源片间的距离为4mm,向石英舟中通入氧气,于8250℃温度下保温28min,然后升高舟内温度至950℃,通入氮气并保温28min,氮气流量为450sccm,再次升高舟内温度至1025℃,同时通入干燥氧气,通入5min后转为通入湿润氧气,持续时间为28min后,再次通入干燥氧气,通入持续时间为6min,形成PN结;
3)刻蚀:取晶硅片置于30℃的刻蚀液中处理4min,取出水洗吹干后,置于氢氧化钠溶液中清洗2min,水洗后置于氢氟酸水溶液中清洗,水洗后吹干,去除电池片表面磷硅玻璃和边缘的PN结,其中刻蚀液为氢氟酸和硝酸、乙酸、盐酸、乙醇的混合水溶液;
4)沉积:取晶硅片置于反应釜中,加热至50℃,通入携带有正硅酸乙酯的氮气,持续通入3min,然后通入携带有氨气的湿润氮气,保温反应5min,加热至150℃,保温12min,制得二氧化硅片层;然后通入甲硅烷、氮气和氨气,同时微波处理,于460℃温度下反应2min,此时甲硅烷流量250sccm,氮气流量1500sccm,氨气流量2500sccm,釜内压强220mbar,通入氮气,持续加热3min形成第一氮化硅片层;继续通入甲硅烷、氮气和氨气,同时微波处理,升温至420℃,反应7min,此时甲硅烷流量150sccm,氮气流量800sccm,氨气流量1600sccm,釜内压强160mbar,通入氮气,持续加热1min,形成第二氮化硅片层,制得减反层;
将晶硅片翻转,置于反应釜中,通入三甲基铝、一氧化二氮和氩气的混合气体,同时微波处理,将反应釜由300℃逐渐以2℃/min的速度升温至360℃,保温30s,形成三氧化二铝片层,制得钝化层;
5)丝网印刷:取晶硅片利用激光刻槽技术除去晶硅片表面的片层,形成凹槽,清洗后取印刷浆料在晶硅片进行丝网印刷并烘干,印刷浆料涂布于晶硅片表面凹槽内,形成电极图案;
6)烧结:取晶硅片置于185℃烧结炉中进行烧结,保温3min,以12℃/min的速率升温至335℃,保温5min后,以10℃/min的速率升温至850℃,保温7min,形成正电极和背电极;
7)测试分选:对电池片进行检测,检测合格的为成品电池片。
实施例2
1)清洗:取晶硅片置于腐蚀液中处理7min,取出水洗吹干后,利用抛光液进行双面抛光,水洗后置于氢氧化钠水溶液中进行刻蚀,水洗后吹干,形成陷光结构,腐蚀液为氢氟酸、硝酸、乙酸的混合水溶液,抛光液为二氧化硅胶粒、有机碱、表面活性剂、氧化剂、稳定剂的混合水溶液;
2)扩散:取固态磷源片和晶硅片置于石英舟中,晶硅片与固态磷源片间的距离为2mm,向石英舟中通入氧气,于887℃温度下保温30min,然后升高舟内温度至955℃,通入氮气并保温30min,氮气流量为475sccm,再次升高舟内温度至1082℃,同时通入干燥氧气,通入6min后转为通入湿润氧气,持续时间为30min后,再次通入干燥氧气,通入持续时间为7min,形成PN结;
3)刻蚀:取晶硅片置于30℃的刻蚀液中处理7min,取出水洗吹干后,置于氢氧化钠溶液中清洗3min,水洗后置于氢氟酸水溶液中清洗,水洗后吹干,去除电池片表面磷硅玻璃和边缘的PN结,其中刻蚀液为氢氟酸和硝酸、乙酸、盐酸、乙醇的混合水溶液;
4)沉积:取晶硅片置于反应釜中,加热至68℃,通入携带有正硅酸乙酯的氮气,持续通入7min,然后通入携带有氨气的湿润氮气,保温反应10min,加热至155℃,保温15min,制得二氧化硅片层;然后通入甲硅烷、氮气和氨气,同时微波处理,于480℃温度下反应2min,此时甲硅烷流量325sccm,氮气流量2000sccm,氨气流量3200sccm,釜内压强250mbar,通入氮气,持续加热4min形成第一氮化硅片层;继续通入甲硅烷、氮气和氨气,同时微波处理,升温至440℃,反应8min,此时甲硅烷流量175sccm,氮气流量1150sccm,氨气流量2000sccm,釜内压强190mbar,通入氮气,持续加热2min,形成第二氮化硅片层,制得减反层;
将晶硅片翻转,置于反应釜中,通入三甲基铝、一氧化二氮和氩气的混合气体,同时微波处理,将反应釜由315℃逐渐以10℃/min的速度升温至380℃,保温60s,形成三氧化二铝片层,制得钝化层;
5)丝网印刷:取晶硅片利用激光刻槽技术除去晶硅片表面的片层,形成凹槽,清洗后取印刷浆料在晶硅片进行丝网印刷并烘干,印刷浆料涂布于晶硅片表面凹槽内,形成电极图案;
6)烧结:取晶硅片置于200℃烧结炉中进行烧结,保温6min,以14℃/min的速率升温至350℃,保温10min后,以12℃/min的速率升温至900℃,保温11min,形成正电极和背电极;
7)测试分选:对电池片进行检测,检测合格的为成品电池片。
实施例3
1)清洗:取晶硅片置于腐蚀液中处理10min,取出水洗吹干后,利用抛光液进行双面抛光,水洗后置于氢氧化钠水溶液中进行刻蚀,水洗后吹干,形成陷光结构,腐蚀液为氢氟酸、硝酸、乙酸的混合水溶液,抛光液为二氧化硅胶粒、有机碱、表面活性剂、氧化剂、稳定剂的混合水溶液;
2)扩散:取固态磷源片和晶硅片置于石英舟中,晶硅片与固态磷源片间的距离为0mm,向石英舟中通入氧气,于950℃温度下保温32min,然后升高舟内温度至960℃,通入氮气并保温32min,氮气流量为500sccm,再次升高舟内温度至1140℃,同时通入干燥氧气,通入8min后转为通入湿润氧气,持续时间为32min后,再次通入干燥氧气,通入持续时间为9min,形成PN结;
3)刻蚀:取晶硅片置于30℃的刻蚀液中处理10min,取出水洗吹干后,置于氢氧化钠溶液中清洗5min,水洗后置于氢氟酸水溶液中清洗,水洗后吹干,去除电池片表面磷硅玻璃和边缘的PN结,其中刻蚀液为氢氟酸和硝酸、乙酸、盐酸、乙醇的混合水溶液;
4)沉积:取晶硅片置于反应釜中,加热至85℃,通入携带有正硅酸乙酯的氮气,持续通入12min,然后通入携带有氨气的湿润氮气,保温反应15min,加热至160℃,保温18min,制得二氧化硅片层;然后通入甲硅烷、氮气和氨气,同时微波处理,于500℃温度下反应3min,此时甲硅烷流量400sccm,氮气流量2500sccm,氨气流量4000sccm,釜内压强270mbar,通入氮气,持续加热5min形成第一氮化硅片层;继续通入甲硅烷、氮气和氨气,同时微波处理,升温至460℃,反应10min,此时甲硅烷流量200sccm,氮气流量1500sccm,氨气流量2500sccm,釜内压强220mbar,通入氮气,持续加热3min,形成第二氮化硅片层,制得减反层;
将晶硅片翻转,置于反应釜中,通入三甲基铝、一氧化二氮和氩气的混合气体,同时微波处理,将反应釜由330℃逐渐以20℃/min的速度升温至400℃,保温90s,形成三氧化二铝片层,制得钝化层;
5)丝网印刷:取晶硅片利用激光刻槽技术除去晶硅片表面的片层,形成凹槽,清洗后取印刷浆料在晶硅片进行丝网印刷并烘干,印刷浆料涂布于晶硅片表面凹槽内,形成电极图案;
6)烧结:取晶硅片置于215℃烧结炉中进行烧结,保温10min,以16℃/min的速率升温至365℃,保温15min后,以15℃/min的速率升温至950℃,保温15min,形成正电极和背电极;
7)测试分选:对电池片进行检测,检测合格的为成品电池片。
实施例4
与实施例2相比,实施例4在步骤2)扩散后增加了二次扩散工序:在晶硅片背面放置固态硼源片,放置位置与丝网印刷的图案对应;在晶硅片正面放置固态磷源片,其放置位置与丝网印刷的图案对应,固态源片与晶硅片的距离为1mm,向石英舟中通入氧气和二氧化碳,于887℃温度下保温30min,然后升高舟内温度至955℃,通入氮气并保温30min,氮气流量为475sccm,再次升高舟内温度至1082℃,同时通入干燥氧气和二氧化碳,通入6min后转为通入湿润氧气和二氧化碳,持续时间为30min后,再次通入干燥氧气和二氧化碳,通入持续时间为7min;固态硼源为硼微晶玻璃,固态磷源为片状磷源陶瓷;
步骤6)丝网印刷更替为:取聚酰胺、乙基纤维素为有机载体制得第一浆料,乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、松香油、有机锡、抗氧剂为有机载体制得第二浆料,在模具中涂布第一浆料,烘干形成第一涂层,涂布第二浆料,烘干形成第二涂层,第一涂层的厚度为95μm,第二涂层的厚度为60μm;取晶硅片利用激光刻槽技术除去晶硅片表面的片层,形成凹槽,加热晶硅片至80℃,翻转模具与晶硅片接触,使得第二涂层与晶硅片表面贴合。
其余工序与实施例2中相同。
对比例1
与实施例2相比,步骤2)为以三氯氧磷为磷源的气相扩散,其余步骤与实施例2相同。
实验
取实施例1-4和对比例1中制备得到的太阳能电池,分别对电池片的开路电压、短路电流和转化效率进行检测,记录检测结果,并得到如下数据:
根据上表中的数据,可以清楚得到以下结论:
实施例1-4与对比例1中制备得到的太阳能电池形成对照实验,检测结果可知,实施例1-3中的开路电压、短路电流与对比例1相比均有明显提高,其转化效率提高,可知本申请实现了对太阳能电池光电转化效率的提升;实施例2相较于实施例4,开路电压、短路电流、转化效率略有提高,可知所增加的工序能够促进所制太阳能电池效率的提升,效果稳定,具有较高实用性。
需要说明的是,在本文中,诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来,而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且,术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含,从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素,而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素,或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。
最后应说明的是:以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种采用固态扩散方式制备的晶硅电池的制备工艺,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)清洗:清洗晶硅片表面,并制绒形成陷光结构;
2)扩散:取固态磷源片和晶硅片置于石英舟中,晶硅片与固态磷源片间的距离为0~4mm,向石英舟中通入氧气,于825~950℃温度下保温28~32min,然后升高舟内温度至950~960℃,通入氮气并保温28~32min,氮气流量为450~500sccm,再次升高舟内温度至1025~1140℃,同时通入干燥氧气,通入5~8min后转为通入湿润氧气,持续时间为28~32min后,再次通入干燥氧气,通入持续时间为6~9min;
3)刻蚀:去除电池片表面玻璃和边缘的PN结;
4)沉积:采用化学气相沉积法在电池片表面沉积减反层;
5)丝网印刷:在电池片的表面进行丝网印刷,形成电极图案;
6)烧结:对电池片进行烧结,形成电极;
7)测试分选:对电池片进行检测,检测合格的为成品电池片。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种采用固态扩散方式制备的晶硅电池的制备工艺,其特征在于,所述步骤1)包括以下步骤:
取晶硅片置于腐蚀液中处理4~10min,取出水洗吹干后,利用抛光液进行双面抛光,水洗后置于氢氧化钠水溶液中进行刻蚀,水洗后吹干,腐蚀液为氢氟酸、硝酸、乙酸的混合水溶液,抛光液为二氧化硅胶粒、有机碱、表面活性剂、氧化剂、稳定剂的混合水溶液。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种采用固态扩散方式制备的晶硅电池的制备工艺,其特征在于,所述步骤3)包括以下步骤:
取晶硅片置于30℃的刻蚀液中处理4~10min,取出水洗吹干后,置于氢氧化钠溶液中清洗2~5min,水洗后置于氢氟酸水溶液中清洗,水洗后吹干,其中刻蚀液为氢氟酸和硝酸、乙酸、盐酸、乙醇的混合水溶液。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种采用固态扩散方式制备的晶硅电池的制备工艺,其特征在于,所述步骤4)包括以下步骤:
a)正面沉积:
取晶硅片置于反应釜中,加热至50~85℃,通入携带有正硅酸乙酯的氮气,持续通入3~12min,然后通入携带有氨气的湿润氮气,保温反应5~15min,加热至150~160℃,保温12~18min,制得二氧化硅片层;
然后通入甲硅烷、氮气和氨气,同时微波处理,于460~500℃温度下反应2~3min,此时甲硅烷流量250~400sccm,氮气流量1500~2500 sccm,氨气流量2500~4000 sccm,釜内压强220~270mbar,通入氮气,持续加热3~5min形成第一氮化硅片层;
继续通入甲硅烷、氮气和氨气,同时微波处理,升温至420~460℃,反应7~10min,此时甲硅烷流量150~200sccm,氮气流量800~1500 sccm,氨气流量1600~2500 sccm,釜内压强160~220mbar,通入氮气,持续加热1~3min,形成第二氮化硅片层;
b)背面沉积:
将晶硅片翻转,置于反应釜中,通入三甲基铝、一氧化二氮和氩气的混合气体,同时微波处理,将反应釜由300~330℃逐渐以2~20℃/min的速度升温至360~400℃,保温30~90s,形成三氧化二铝片层。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种采用固态扩散方式制备的晶硅电池的制备工艺,其特征在于,所述步骤5)、步骤6)包括以下步骤:
取晶硅片利用激光刻槽技术除去晶硅片表面的片层,形成凹槽,清洗后取印刷浆料在晶硅片进行丝网印刷并烘干,印刷浆料涂布于晶硅片表面凹槽内;
取晶硅片置于185~215℃烧结炉中进行烧结,保温3~10min,以12~16℃/min的速率升温至335~365℃,保温5~15min后,以10~15℃/min的速率升温至850~950℃,保温7~15min,形成正电极和背电极。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的制备工艺制得的一种采用固态扩散方式制备的晶硅电池,包括晶硅片、减反层和正电极,其特征在于:所述晶硅片的正面设置有减反层,所述减反层的正面设置有正电极,所述晶硅片的背面设置有钝化层,所述钝化层的背面设置有背电极。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种采用固态扩散方式制备的晶硅电池,其特征在于:所述减反层包括二氧化硅片层、第一氮化硅片层和第二氮化硅片层,所述二氧化硅片层与晶硅片接触,所述第一氮化硅片层位于第二氮化硅片层和二氧化硅片层之间,所述钝化层为三氧化二铝片层。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种采用固态扩散方式制备的晶硅电池,其特征在于:所述二氧化硅片层的厚度为1.2~1.6nm,所述第一氮化硅片层的厚度为15~20nm,所述第二氮化硅片层的厚度为55~80nm,所述三氧化二铝片层的厚度为1~10nm。
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