CN112124138A - Battery replacing system and battery replacing method for electric automobile - Google Patents
Battery replacing system and battery replacing method for electric automobile Download PDFInfo
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- CN112124138A CN112124138A CN201910564102.9A CN201910564102A CN112124138A CN 112124138 A CN112124138 A CN 112124138A CN 201910564102 A CN201910564102 A CN 201910564102A CN 112124138 A CN112124138 A CN 112124138A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60S5/00—Servicing, maintaining, repairing, or refitting of vehicles
- B60S5/06—Supplying batteries to, or removing batteries from, vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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Abstract
The invention provides a battery replacing system for an electric automobile, which comprises a battery box, batteries and a battery replacing mechanism, wherein openings for the batteries to penetrate through are formed in two opposite sides of the battery box, and a plurality of positioning holes are formed in the side wall of the battery box; a plurality of locking pieces matched with the positioning holes are arranged on the side wall of the battery; the battery replacing mechanism comprises a controller and a battery replacing vehicle, the controller is used for controlling the battery replacing vehicle to send the battery into the battery box through the opening, and the locking piece is matched with the positioning hole to fix the battery. The battery replacing system for the electric automobile has high battery positioning and locking efficiency, can realize bidirectional replacement of new and old batteries, is simple, convenient and quick to operate, greatly shortens the battery replacing time, has high automation degree, can reduce the manual labor, and reduces the construction cost and the operation cost of a battery replacing station.
Description
Technical Field
The invention mainly relates to the technical field of electric automobiles, in particular to a battery replacing system and a battery replacing method for an electric automobile.
Background
The environment is an important subject and research direction of the current society, and in the automobile field, new energy electric automobiles are gradually valued by various large automobile enterprises and welcomed by consumers. The electric automobile is mainly driven by electric power, and compared with the traditional fuel oil automobile, the characteristics of energy conservation, zero emission, cleanness and environmental protection are very obvious, so that the new energy electric automobile inevitably becomes an important development direction of the automobile in the future and is also the key guideline direction of national energy conservation and emission reduction. However, the major difficulty of the electric vehicle is that the electric power storage, i.e. the battery technology, is temporarily weaker than that of the conventional fuel vehicle, especially the charging time of several hours or even more than ten hours, especially in the aspect of the endurance mileage, which is not comparable to the convenience and rapidness of the conventional fuel vehicle for several minutes, and further increasing the charging speed will cause irreversible damage to the lithium battery.
The technical scheme for solving the problem of low energy supply efficiency of the electric automobile mainly comprises two types: one is to increase the charging speed of the battery, such as super charging stations that have been continuously built in various places by tesla, and an excessively high charging speed may cause irreversible damage to the battery, resulting in gradual reduction of the battery capacity. The other mode is a power exchange station mode, a fully charged battery is provided by the power exchange station, the electric automobile drives into the power exchange station, then the battery with insufficient power is unloaded, and the electric automobile is discharged after being fully charged. The advantage of directly changing the battery is very obvious, and the battery changing time is short and charging time does not need to wait, but the popularization still has a plurality of difficulties, mainly including: (1) the battery is heavy, dozens to more than one hundred kilograms, and cannot be replaced by hands, so that a professional battery replacement station is needed; (2) a locking mechanism of the battery and the vehicle body needs to ensure repeated rapid positioning and dismounting; (3) and (4) construction of a battery charging station and selection of an operation mode of the battery charging station.
At present, the existing battery replacement technology in China is more traditional, the battery replacement mechanism is complex, the battery replacement speed is low, the operation is complex, the construction and operation cost of a battery replacement station is huge, the investment is high, the popularization is difficult, and the development of electric automobiles is hindered.
In view of the above, it is necessary to design a battery replacing system and a battery replacing method for an electric vehicle to improve the existing situation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems in the prior art, and provides a battery replacing system and a battery replacing method for an electric vehicle, which have the advantages of high battery positioning and locking efficiency, capability of realizing bidirectional replacement of new and old batteries, simplicity and rapidness in operation, capability of greatly shortening the battery replacing time, high automation degree, capability of reducing the labor intensity and reducing the construction cost and the operation cost of a battery replacing station.
In order to solve the technical problems in the background technology, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: provides a battery replacing system of an electric automobile, which comprises a battery box, a battery and a battery replacing mechanism,
openings for allowing batteries to pass through are formed in two opposite sides of the battery box, and a plurality of positioning holes are formed in the side wall of the battery box;
a plurality of locking pieces matched with the positioning holes are arranged on the side wall of the battery;
the battery replacing mechanism comprises a controller and a battery replacing vehicle, the controller is used for controlling the battery replacing vehicle to send the battery into the battery box through the opening, and the locking piece is matched with the positioning hole to fix the battery.
Specifically, be equipped with lift battery tray on the power change car, lift battery tray is used for lifting the battery, lift battery tray includes lift fore-set and sucking disc, the sucking disc is located the top of lift fore-set is used for adsorbing the battery. The lifting battery tray integrates alternate lifting and automatic adsorption functions, can realize alternate suction and dragging of new and old batteries under the chassis, is simple and reliable in structure, effectively improves battery replacement efficiency, and can further reduce damage to the batteries by sucking and dragging the batteries through the sucking discs.
Specifically, the height of the power exchange vehicle is smaller than the height of a chassis of the electric automobile from the ground. In the process of replacing the battery, the electric replacing vehicle can reciprocate at the bottom of the electric automobile, when the electric replacing vehicle sends a new battery into the battery box, the old battery is ejected out, the electric replacing vehicle continues to move, and the old battery falls on a lifting battery tray of the electric replacing vehicle, so that the electric replacing vehicle alternately lifts the new battery and the old battery at the bottom of the vehicle, the replacement of the new battery and the old battery is realized in a two-way manner, the operation is quicker, and the electric replacing time is effectively shortened.
By adopting the structure, when the battery is replaced, the lifting battery tray lifts a new battery until the height of the new battery is equal to that of the opening on the battery box, the battery replacing trolley moves to enable the new battery to penetrate through the opening to enter the battery box, and the locking piece is matched with the positioning hole to complete replacement of the new battery. By adopting the battery replacing system, the positioning and locking structure efficiency is improved, the operation is simple and convenient, the battery replacing time is shortened, the automation degree is improved, the labor intensity is reduced, and the operation cost of the construction cost of the battery replacing station is reduced.
Preferably, the number of lift battery tray is a plurality ofly, and is a plurality of lift battery tray interval and symmetric distribution, lift battery tray can lift the battery rises or descends.
Preferably, the battery box is of a frame structure and comprises a first frame, a second frame, a third frame and a fourth frame which are sequentially connected, the first frame is opposite to the third frame, the second frame is opposite to the fourth frame, the first frame is provided with the opening, and the second frame is provided with the positioning hole. The battery box with the frame structure is simple in structure, and the weight of the vehicle body is reduced while the rigidity of the vehicle body is increased.
Preferably, the locking piece is elasticity locking piece, the battery is in remove the in-process in the battery case, elasticity locking piece receives the extrusion of battery case inner wall and is in compression state, when removing extremely when locating hole department, elasticity locking piece pops out and blocks in the locating hole is downthehole.
Preferably, the battery replacing system of the electric automobile further comprises a locking piece control module used for controlling the retraction or ejection of the locking piece on the battery.
Specifically, still be equipped with automatic formula plug of suppressing on the lateral wall of battery case, be equipped with on the lateral wall of battery with automatic formula plug complex connecting portion of suppressing. The battery and the battery box are connected with the connecting part in a matched mode through the automatic spring-press type plug, and power is supplied to the electric automobile.
Preferably, the battery is formed by assembling and splicing a plurality of small batteries. Can be combined into different shapes, can be subjected to modeling avoidance, is convenient for the overall layout of vehicles, and is more beneficial to generalization.
Further, trade electric mechanism still includes the battery compartment, be equipped with fork truck hacking machine and modularization goods shelves that charge in the battery compartment, fork truck hacking machine with the goods shelves that charge are connected with the controller respectively, fork truck hacking machine is used for carrying the battery, the goods shelves that charge is used for giving the battery charges.
Preferably, the battery replacement mechanism further comprises a detection device, the detection device is connected with the controller, and the detection device comprises:
the vehicle detection module is used for detecting vehicle driving-in information of a battery replacement area and transmitting the vehicle driving-in information to the controller, and the controller controls the power change vehicle to a pre-power change position according to the vehicle driving-in information;
and the battery box positioning module is used for obtaining the battery box position information of the vehicle in the battery replacing area, and the controller controls the power exchanging vehicle to move to the target power exchanging position according to the battery box position information.
Preferably, the detection device further comprises a battery detection module for detecting the electric quantity information of the battery on the charging shelf, wherein the battery electric quantity information comprises full-charge information and insufficient-charge information of the battery.
Preferably, the vehicle detection module further comprises a vehicle type detection unit for detecting and identifying the type of a vehicle entering the battery replacement area, and transmitting the type information of the vehicle to the controller, and the controller judges the type of the battery used by the vehicle according to the type information, and controls the forklift stacker to move the battery with the corresponding type, so that the universality of the battery replacement system is enhanced, the battery type search time is reduced, and the battery replacement efficiency is improved.
Specifically, the controller includes;
the receiving module is used for receiving the information sent by the detection device;
the trolley changing control module is used for controlling the movement of the trolley changing vehicle according to the information sent by the detection device, wherein the trolley changing control module comprises:
the first control unit is used for controlling the electric replacing vehicle to move, and when the vehicle enters a battery replacing area, the electric replacing vehicle is controlled to move to a pre-replacing position; when the vehicle stops in the battery replacement area, controlling the battery replacement vehicle to accurately move to a target battery replacement position according to the position information of the battery box of the vehicle;
and the second control unit is used for controlling the lifting battery tray to alternatively lift.
Preferably, the controller further comprises a battery control module for controlling retraction or ejection of a spring loaded latch on the battery. When the vehicle is ready to replace the battery, the spring-pressing lock tongue on the old battery in the battery box is controlled to automatically retract, so that the old battery in the battery box can be easily ejected by the new battery on the battery replacement vehicle.
Preferably, the controller further comprises;
the charging shelf control module is used for controlling the charging shelf to charge or stop charging the corresponding battery according to the battery electric quantity information sent by the battery detection module;
and the forklift stacker crane control module is used for controlling the forklift stacker crane to move. The forklift stacker crane control module controls the forklift stacker crane to sequentially or randomly take full-charge batteries from the charging goods shelf and place the full-charge batteries on the power change car according to the position information of the power change car and the battery electric quantity information.
Preferably, the arrangement modes of the battery replacement mechanisms include a one-way battery replacement mechanism, a two-way battery replacement mechanism, a one-way multi-row battery replacement mechanism and a two-way multi-row battery replacement mechanism. The arrangement mode of the battery replacement mechanism can be flexibly set into other arrangement modes according to requirements, the selectivity is high, the expansibility is strong, the battery replacement mechanism is suitable for various fields, and the practicability is good.
The invention also provides a battery replacing method of an electric automobile, which is completed by using the battery replacing system of the electric automobile and comprises the following steps:
the detection device detects the position information of the vehicle in the battery replacement area and sends the position information to the controller;
the controller controls the power change vehicle to move to the power change position according to the position information sent by the detection device;
the battery replacing vehicle is used for sending a new supported battery into the battery box from an opening on one side of the battery box, so that the new battery pushes an old battery in the battery box to move out from an opening on the other side of the battery box until a locking piece of the new battery is matched with a positioning hole in the battery box.
Preferably, the detection device detects position information of the vehicle in the battery replacement area, and transmits the position information to the controller, including a method of:
the vehicle detection module detects information that a vehicle enters a battery replacement area, and when the vehicle enters the battery replacement area, the vehicle detection module sends the detected entering information to the controller;
the vehicle stops in the battery replacement area, the threshold plaque of the vehicle automatically opens the leaked battery box, and the battery box positioning module detects the position information of the battery box of the vehicle and transmits the position information of the battery box to the controller.
Preferably, the controller controls the power switching vehicle to move to the power switching position according to the position information sent by the detection device, and the method comprises the following steps:
the controller controls the battery replacing vehicle to move to a pre-battery replacing position according to the vehicle driving information transmitted by the vehicle detection module;
and the controller controls the battery replacing vehicle to accurately move to a target battery replacing position according to the battery box position information.
Specifically, the method for pushing out the old battery by the power change car to send the new battery into the battery box comprises the following steps:
the spring pressing bolt on the side wall of the old battery in the battery box retracts;
the lifting battery tray on the power change vehicle lifts a new battery, the new battery is pushed into the battery box from an opening at one end of the battery box, an old battery in the battery box is pushed out from an opening at the other end of the battery box, the elastic pressing spring bolt on the side wall of the new battery is matched and fixed with the positioning hole on the side wall of the battery box, the vehicle finishes battery replacement, and the doorsill decorative plate is automatically closed.
According to the battery replacing system for the electric automobile, the controller controls the battery replacing vehicle to push a new battery into the battery box and push an old battery out, so that the replacement of the new battery is completed, the old battery falls on the battery replacing vehicle and is sent back to the battery bin, the battery replacing vehicle adopts the lifting battery tray to alternately lift the new battery and the old battery at the bottom of the vehicle so as to realize the bidirectional replacement of the new battery and the old battery, the operation is simple, convenient and quick, the battery replacing time can be greatly shortened, the automation degree is high, the manual labor is reduced, and the construction cost and the operation cost of a battery replacing station are reduced; the battery is fixed by matching the elastic locking piece with the positioning hole, so that the battery positioning and locking efficiency is effectively improved; the battery replacing system for the electric automobile, provided by the invention, adopts the modularized battery replacing mechanism, is compact in structure, the arrangement mode of the battery replacing mechanism can be flexibly set according to requirements, the expansibility is strong, the operation mode is diversified, the investment is small, and the practicability is strong.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings needed for the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery replacing vehicle lifting a battery into a battery box according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a spring-loaded latch on a side wall of a battery according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an automatic spring-type plug according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a top view of the portion of the battery of FIG. 1 entering the battery compartment;
fig. 7 to 9 are schematic structural diagrams illustrating a power exchange principle of an electric vehicle according to a first embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a one-way battery swapping mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a bidirectional power switching mechanism according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a one-way multi-discharging mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a bidirectional multi-switching mechanism according to a first embodiment of the invention;
fig. 14 is a flowchart of a battery replacing method for an electric vehicle according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein the reference numerals in the figures correspond to: 1-electric vehicle, 2-battery box, 21-first frame, 22-second frame, 23-third frame, 24-fourth frame, 25-opening, 26-positioning hole, 27-automatic spring plug, 3-battery, 31-locking piece, 32-new battery, 33-old battery, 4-trolley changing vehicle, 5-lifting battery tray, 6-forklift stacker and 7-charging shelf.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the several embodiments provided in this application, the described system embodiments are only illustrative, for example, the division of the modules is only one logical function division, and there may be other division manners in actual implementation, for example, a plurality of modules or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection of modules or units through some interfaces, and may be in an electrical or other form.
The modules described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as modules may or may not be physical modules, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network modules. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
In addition, each functional unit in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing module, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one module. The integrated unit can be realized in a form of hardware, and can also be realized in a form of a software functional unit.
For convenience of description, the present invention refers to a fully charged battery as a new battery, and a battery that has been used for a while and has lost its charge as a used battery.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the embodiment provides a battery replacing system for an electric vehicle, as shown in fig. 1 to 4 and 6, the battery replacing system comprises a battery box 2, a battery 3 and a replacing mechanism, wherein the battery box 2 is arranged on a chassis of the electric vehicle 1, two opposite sides of the battery box 2 are provided with openings 25 for the battery 3 to pass through, and a plurality of positioning holes 26 are arranged on the side wall of the battery box 2; a plurality of locking pieces 31 matched with the positioning holes 26 are arranged on the side wall of the battery 3; trade electric mechanism and include the controller and trade electric motor car 4, the controller is used for control trade the motion of electric motor car 4, it is equipped with lift battery tray 5 on the electric motor car 4 to trade, lift battery tray 5 is used for lifting battery 3 will battery 3 passes through opening 25 is sent into in the battery case 2, locking piece 31 with the cooperation of locating hole 26 is realized battery 3's is fixed. Wherein, locking piece 31 is the elasticity locking piece, battery 3 is in the removal in-process in the battery case 2, the elasticity locking piece receives the extrusion of 2 inner walls of battery cases and is in compression state, when removing extremely when locating hole 26 departments, the elasticity locking piece pops out and blocks in the locating hole 26, it is right to realize battery 3's fixed.
As shown in fig. 7 to 9, when there is an old battery 33 in the battery box 2, and the battery is ready to be replaced, the elastic locking member on the old battery 33 is retracted, the battery tray 5 is lifted up and down to the opening 25, the new battery 32 enters the battery box 2 and pushes out the old battery 33, and the elastic locking member on the side wall of the new battery 32 is engaged with the positioning hole 26 on the side wall of the battery box 2, so that the new battery 32 is fixedly mounted in the battery box 2. And because the both sides that battery case 2 is relative all are equipped with opening 25, then trade electric motor car 4 can send into battery case 2 with battery 3 through the opening 25 of any one direction in, need not to require the driver to stop the car and just can change the battery in appointed one side, therefore the operation is more convenient.
In this embodiment, the height of the power exchanging vehicle 4 is smaller than the height of the chassis of the electric vehicle 1 from the ground. In the process of replacing the battery, the electric replacing vehicle 4 can reciprocate at the bottom of the electric automobile 1, after the electric replacing vehicle 4 sends the new battery 32 into the battery box 2, the old battery 33 is ejected, the electric replacing vehicle 4 continues to move, and the old battery 33 falls on the lifting battery tray 5 of the electric replacing vehicle 4, so that the electric replacing vehicle 4 alternately lifts the new battery and the old battery at the bottom of the vehicle, the bidirectional new battery and old battery replacement is realized, the operation is faster, and the electric replacing time is effectively shortened.
When the battery is replaced, the lifting battery tray 5 lifts a new battery 32 until the height of the new battery 32 is equal to that of the opening 25 on the battery box 2, the battery replacing trolley moves to enable the new battery 32 to penetrate through the opening 25 to enter the battery box 2, and the elastic pressing lock tongue is matched with the positioning hole 26 to complete replacement of the new battery 32. Adopt above-mentioned battery 3 to change the system, improve location and locking structural efficiency, it is easy and simple to handle, shorten and trade the electric time, improve degree of automation, reduce the human labor, reduce the operation cost who trades the construction cost of power station.
The quantity of lift battery tray 5 is a plurality of, and is a plurality of 5 intervals and the symmetric distribution of lift battery tray, lift battery tray 5 can lift battery 3 rises or descends, preferably, lift battery tray 5 can adopt electric drive or pneumatic drive, can also adopt other drive modes of course.
As shown in fig. 1 and 7 to 9, in the present embodiment, the power exchanging vehicle 4 is elongated, and two sets of the lifting battery trays 5 are provided along the longitudinal direction of the power exchanging vehicle 4, and when replacing the battery, a new battery 32 is placed on the lifting battery tray 5 at the end of the power exchanging vehicle 4 away from the battery box 2, and as the power exchanging vehicle 4 moves, the end of the power exchanging vehicle 4 close to the battery box 2 passes through the vehicle bottom first, and the lifting battery tray 5 feeds the new battery 32 into the battery box 2, and at the same time, the old battery 33 is ejected and falls on the lifting battery tray 5 at the end of the power exchanging vehicle passing through the vehicle bottom first.
In a possible embodiment, positioning grooves are formed in two opposite sides of the battery box 2, and rollers matched with the positioning grooves are arranged on two opposite sides of the battery 3 and can be clamped in the positioning grooves and roll along the positioning grooves. In a possible embodiment, the battery compartment 2 is provided with guide rails on opposite sides thereof, and the battery 3 is provided with slide grooves on opposite sides thereof, which are capable of cooperating with the guide rails, so that the battery 3 is moved along the guide rails. Adopt above-mentioned structure, make things convenient for battery 3 to remove between battery case 2 and trade electric motor car 4, improved battery and changed efficiency, avoid the battery to receive the collision at this in-process, reduce the damage to the battery.
Specifically, the lifting battery tray 5 comprises a lifting top column and a sucker, the sucker is arranged at the top end of the lifting top column and is connected with vacuum equipment, and the sucker is used for adsorbing the battery 3; the suction cup may perform a suction operation according to the position of the battery 3, for example, when it is detected that the battery 3 is outside the battery case 2 and exposed above the suction cup, the suction cup sucks the battery 3; the sucker can also carry out adsorption operation according to a time sequence according to preset time in the battery replacement process. By adopting the structure, the integrated alternate lifting and automatic adsorption function of the lifting battery tray 5 can realize alternate suction and dragging of new and old batteries under the chassis, the structure is simple and reliable, the battery replacement efficiency is effectively improved, and the damage to the batteries can be further reduced by sucking and dragging the batteries through the suckers.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the battery box 2 is a frame structure, and includes a first frame 21, a second frame 22, a third frame 23, and a fourth frame 24, which are connected in sequence, where the first frame 21 is opposite to the third frame 23, the second frame 22 is opposite to the fourth frame 24, the first frame 21 and the third frame 23 are provided with the opening 25, and the second frame 22 and the fourth frame 24 are provided with the positioning hole 26. The battery box with the frame structure is simple in structure, and the weight of the vehicle body is reduced while the rigidity of the vehicle body is increased.
The positioning holes 26 on the second frame 22 and the positioning holes 26 on the fourth frame 24 are symmetrically arranged, and correspondingly, the side wall of the battery 3 is provided with an elastic locking member matched with the positioning holes 26. Preferably, two positioning holes 26 are formed in the second frame 22 at intervals, two positioning holes 26 are formed in the fourth frame 24 at intervals, and two elastic locking members engaged with the positioning holes 26 are disposed on two opposite side walls of the battery 3, so as to form four locking positioning points.
The elastic locking piece is a spring pressing locking bolt, as shown in fig. 3, the spring pressing locking bolt is of a rocker structure, and the spring pressing locking bolt is capable of being locked and moved in two directions, namely when any one end of the spring pressing locking bolt is pressed down by pressure, the other end of the spring pressing locking bolt is bounced. And the two spring-loaded locking tongues on each side wall of the battery 3 are symmetrically arranged, and one end of each spring-loaded locking tongue, which faces the opening 25 of the battery box 2, is a pressed end. The plurality of the press and elastic lock tongues operate simultaneously, namely when one press and elastic lock tongue is compressed by pressure, other press and elastic lock tongues compress simultaneously, and when one press and elastic lock tongue is elastic, other press and elastic lock tongues are elastic simultaneously. When the battery 3 enters the battery box 2, the spring pressing lock tongue close to the opening 25 of the battery box 2 is firstly compressed by the pressure from the inner wall of the battery box 2, other spring pressing lock tongues are simultaneously in a compressed state, so that the battery 3 smoothly enters the battery box 2, along with the movement of the battery 3 in the battery box 2, the spring pressing lock tongue is clamped in the positioning hole 26 at the corresponding positioning hole 26 to realize the fixation of the battery 3, and because the two spring pressing lock tongues on each side wall of the battery 3 are symmetrically arranged, the two spring pressing lock tongues can fix the position of the battery in different directions, so that the battery cannot be separated from any direction. The locking structure can be quickly positioned and locked, and is stable and reliable in structure and convenient to operate.
Preferably, the battery replacing system of the electric automobile further comprises a locking piece control module for controlling the elastic locking piece on the battery 3 to retract or eject. When the vehicle is ready to replace the batteries, the elastic locking piece on the old battery 33 in the battery box 2 is controlled to automatically retract, so that the old battery 33 in the battery box 2 can be easily ejected by the new battery 32 on the battery replacing vehicle 4.
In a possible embodiment, the lock piece control module belongs to a controller of the battery replacement mechanism, the battery replacement mechanism further comprises a mechanical structure for retracting the elastic lock piece, and the lock piece control module controls the mechanical structure to press the elastic lock piece to retract; preferably, said mechanical structure can be provided on said trolley 4 for assisting said trolley 4 in retracting the elastic latch of said old battery 33 before replacing it.
In a possible implementation manner, the locking member control module belongs to an electric vehicle control system, when the electric vehicle 1 stops in a battery replacement area and waits for battery replacement, a driver or the electric vehicle control system automatically sends a battery replacement signal, and the locking member control module controls the elastic locking member to automatically retract according to the battery replacement signal. Preferably, the driver can send the power change signal by pressing a power change switch, voice control and other modes; or the electric vehicle control system can send the battery replacement signal in other modes according to the battery replacement scene identified by the detection device, the battery replacement application sent by the battery replacement mechanism received by the receiver, and the like. Of course, in other embodiments, the resilient latch on the old battery in the battery compartment may be retracted manually or otherwise.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, an automatic snap-in plug 27 is further disposed on a side wall of the battery case 2, and a connecting portion that is engaged with the automatic snap-in plug 27 is disposed on a side wall of the battery 3.
In some embodiments, the connection part is a plug hole, and the battery case 2 and the battery 3 are connected by inserting the automatic spring-type plug 27 into the plug hole.
In some embodiments, the connecting portion is a contact point, and the battery case 2 and the battery 3 are connected by the contact of the automatic snap-in plug 27.
In this embodiment, the battery 3 is a whole block of modular battery, and certainly, can also be designed into a smaller and lighter small battery, and a plurality of small batteries are combined and spliced into a large battery, and can also be combined into other shapes, such as a simple irregular shape, so that the battery can be shaped and avoided, thereby facilitating the overall layout of a vehicle and being more beneficial to generalization.
As shown in fig. 10, the battery replacing mechanism further includes a battery compartment, a forklift stacker 6 and a modular charging rack 7 are disposed in the battery compartment, the forklift stacker 6 and the charging rack 7 are respectively connected to the controller, the forklift stacker 6 is configured to transport the battery 3, and the method includes transporting a new battery 32 charged on the charging rack 7 to the battery replacing vehicle 4, and transporting a used battery 33 on the battery replacing vehicle 4 to the charging rack 7; the charging rack 7 is used for charging the battery 3. Preferably, a charging status indicator lamp is arranged on the charging shelf 7. The battery compartment can be formed by reforming a centralized box and the existing house, so that the manufacturing cost is reduced.
Trade electric mechanism still includes detection device, detection device with the controller is connected, detection device includes:
the vehicle detection module is used for detecting vehicle driving-in information of a battery replacement area and transmitting the vehicle driving-in information to the controller, and the controller controls the power exchange vehicle 4 to a pre-power exchange position according to the vehicle driving-in information;
and the battery box positioning module is used for obtaining the battery box position information of the vehicle in the battery replacing area, and the controller controls the power exchanging vehicle to move to the target power exchanging position according to the battery box position information.
In a possible embodiment, the detection device further includes a battery detection module, configured to detect the power information of the battery 3 on the charging rack 7, where the battery power information includes battery full power information and battery power loss information.
In a possible implementation manner, the vehicle detection module further includes a vehicle type detection unit, which is used for detecting and identifying the type of a vehicle entering the battery replacement area, and transmitting the type information of the vehicle to the controller, and the controller judges the type of the battery used by the vehicle according to the type information, and controls the forklift stacker to move the battery with the corresponding type, so that the universality of the battery replacement system is enhanced, the battery type search time is reduced, and the battery replacement efficiency is improved. Wherein the type of the vehicle includes the following classifications:
(1) classifying according to the brand of the vehicle, and further classifying according to the type of the brand;
(2) classifying according to vehicle value, such as high-end vehicle type, middle-end vehicle type and the like;
(3) classifying the vehicles into miniature vehicles, small-sized vehicles, medium-sized vehicles, large-sized vehicles and the like according to the size of the vehicles and mainly according to parameters such as wheelbases, displacement, weight and the like;
(4) classified according to vehicle structure, such as cars, off-road vehicles, vans, etc.
Of course, other classification methods can be adopted to classify the vehicles, so that the types of the batteries used by the vehicles can be quickly obtained according to the types of the vehicles.
The detection units comprise signal transmission modules, and the signal transmission modules are used for transmitting corresponding information to the controller.
Correspondingly, the controller comprises;
the receiving module is used for receiving the information sent by the detection device;
the trolley replacing control module is used for controlling the movement of the trolley replacing 4 according to the information sent by the detection device, wherein the trolley replacing control module comprises:
the first control unit is used for controlling the electric changing car 4 to move, and controlling the electric changing car 4 to move to a pre-electric changing position when a vehicle enters a battery changing area; when the vehicle stops in the battery replacement area, controlling the power change vehicle 4 to accurately move to a target power change position according to the position information of the battery box 2 of the vehicle;
the second control unit is used for controlling the lifting battery tray 5 to alternately lift; specifically, the second control unit may control the lifting battery tray 5 to alternately lift according to the position information of the battery box 2 of the vehicle, or may control the lifting tray to alternately lift according to a time sequence according to a preset time.
The controller further comprises;
the charging shelf control module is used for controlling the charging shelf 7 to charge or stop charging the corresponding battery 3 according to the battery electric quantity information sent by the battery detection module;
the forklift stacker crane control module is used for controlling the forklift stacker crane 6 to move; specifically, the detection device sends the position information of the tram changing 4 to the controller, and the controller controls the forklift stacker 6 to convey the battery 3 according to the position information of the tram changing 4; and the controller controls the forklift stacker 6 to sequentially or randomly take full-charge batteries from the charging shelf 7 and place the full-charge batteries on the power change car 4 according to the battery electric quantity information sent by the battery detection module.
In some embodiments, the battery replacement mechanism further comprises a security subsystem, and the security subsystem at least comprises a monitoring device and an alarm device.
As shown in fig. 10 to 13, the arrangement of the battery swapping mechanisms includes a single-direction battery swapping mechanism, a two-direction battery swapping mechanism, a single-direction multiple-row battery swapping mechanism, and a two-direction multiple-row battery swapping mechanism. The one-way battery replacing mechanism comprises a battery replacing mechanism; the bidirectional battery replacing mechanism comprises two battery replacing mechanisms which are arranged oppositely, and the battery replacing vehicle 4 can reciprocate between the two battery replacing mechanisms to form bidirectional battery replacing; the unidirectional multi-row battery replacement mechanism comprises a plurality of battery replacement mechanisms which are arranged in a single row; the bidirectional multi-battery-replacing mechanism comprises a plurality of battery-replacing mechanisms which are arranged in a double-row opposite direction. The arrangement mode of the battery replacement mechanism can be flexibly set into other arrangement modes according to requirements, the selectivity is high, the expansibility is strong, the battery replacement mechanism is suitable for various fields, and the practicability is good.
By adopting the electric vehicle battery replacing system of the embodiment, the replacing stations with various operation modes can be formed, and the replacing stations comprise a modular replacing station, a combined operation replacing station and a mobile replacing station;
the modularized electricity changing station can adopt a direct operation mode or a government cooperation operation mode, automatic battery storage and charging are carried out in an electric bin, the batteries 3 are taken and placed by a forklift stacker crane 6, the mechanism mode is simple, only X-direction transportation and Z-direction lifting are carried out, the ground surface is positioned in the X direction, the electricity changing vehicle 4 only moves in the Y direction, and the electricity changing motion is simple and effective; the device such as battery compartment, the goods shelves that charge all can modularization quick construction quick detach, and whole mechanism of trading can be one-way can be two-way, can add up by quantity, and expansibility is strong.
The combined operation and power exchange station can adopt an operation mode of a maintenance plant, a big supermarket, a shopping center or community combined operation, the power exchange station is small in occupied area, less in equipment investment and low in investment cost, the passenger flow of the maintenance plant and the supermarket shopping center is pulled, and the satisfaction degree of community infrastructure is improved.
The mobile electricity exchanging station can adopt a direct operation mode or a logistics combined operation mode, adopts a container type structure, is made into an emergency rush-repair electricity exchanging vehicle, and is flexibly set up to exchange electricity.
Example two
Fig. 14 is a flowchart of a battery replacing method for an electric vehicle according to this embodiment, where the replacing method is completed by using the battery replacing system for an electric vehicle described in the first embodiment, and includes:
s100: the detection device detects the position information of the vehicle in the battery 3 replacement area and sends the position information to the controller;
s200: the controller controls the power exchanging vehicle 4 to move to a power exchanging position according to the position information sent by the detection device;
s300: the power exchanging vehicle 4 sends the carried new battery 32 into the battery box 2 from the opening 25 on one side of the battery box 2, so that the new battery 32 pushes the old battery 33 in the battery box 2 to move out from the opening 25 on the other side of the battery box 2 until the locking piece 31 of the new battery 32 is matched with the positioning hole 26 on the battery box 2. The old battery 33 is dropped on the battery replacing vehicle 4, and the battery replacing vehicle 4 sends the old battery 33 to the battery compartment.
In this embodiment, the detection device detects position information, the controller controls the battery replacing trolley to move according to the position information, the height of the battery replacing trolley 4 is smaller than the height of the chassis of the electric automobile 1 from the ground, the battery replacing trolley 4 can reciprocate at the bottom of the electric automobile 1 in the battery replacing process, after a new battery 32 is sent into the battery box 2 by the battery replacing trolley 4, the old battery 33 is ejected, the battery replacing trolley 4 continues to move, and the old battery 33 falls on the battery replacing trolley 4, so that bidirectional replacement of the new battery and the old battery is realized, the operation is faster, and the battery replacing time is effectively shortened.
The detection device comprises a vehicle detection module and a battery box positioning module, and the step S100 specifically comprises the following steps:
s101: the vehicle detection module detects information that a vehicle enters a battery replacement area, and when the vehicle enters the battery replacement area, the vehicle detection module sends the detected entering information to the controller;
s102: the vehicle stops in the battery replacement area, the threshold plaque of the vehicle automatically opens the leaked battery box 2, and the battery box positioning module detects the position information of the battery box of the vehicle and transmits the position information of the battery box to the controller.
The step S200 specifically includes the following steps:
s201: the controller controls the power exchanging vehicle 4 to move to a pre-power exchanging position according to the vehicle driving information transmitted by the vehicle detection module;
s202: and the controller controls the power exchanging vehicle 4 to accurately move to a target power exchanging position according to the position information of the battery box.
As an embodiment, the step S100 further includes the following steps: detecting and identifying the type of a vehicle entering a battery replacement area through a vehicle type detection unit of the vehicle detection module, and transmitting the type information of the vehicle to the controller; the controller judges the type of the battery used by the vehicle according to the type information and controls the forklift stacker 6 to move the battery 3 with the corresponding type to the battery replacing vehicle 4, so that the universality of the battery replacing system is enhanced.
The controller comprises a receiving module and a battery replacement control module, and the step S300 specifically comprises the following steps:
s301: the spring pressing bolt on the side wall of the old battery 33 in the battery box 2 retracts;
s302: the lifting battery tray 5 on the power exchanging vehicle 4 lifts a new battery 32, the new battery 32 is pushed into the battery box 2 from the opening 25 at one end of the battery box 2, an old battery 33 in the battery box 2 is ejected out from the opening 25 at the other end of the battery box 2, a spring pressing bolt on the side wall of the new battery 32 is matched and fixed with the positioning hole 26 on the side wall of the battery box 2, the vehicle finishes the replacement of the battery 3, and the doorsill plaque is automatically closed.
In a possible embodiment, the battery tray 5 may be alternately raised and lowered according to the position of the battery compartment 2 of the vehicle, or may be alternately raised and lowered according to a predetermined time in a chronological order to feed the new battery 32 into the battery compartment 2.
As an embodiment, the step S301 includes:
when the vehicle is ready for battery replacement, the latch control module of the controller controls the manipulator to press the spring-loaded latch tongue on the old battery 33 in the battery box 2 to retract the spring-loaded latch tongue, so that the old battery 33 in the battery box 2 can be easily ejected by the new battery 32 on the power exchanging vehicle 4.
As an embodiment, the step S301 includes:
when the electric automobile stops in the battery replacement area and waits for battery replacement, a driver or an electric automobile control system automatically sends a battery replacement signal, so that a locking piece control module of the electric automobile control system controls the elastic locking piece to automatically retract according to the battery replacement signal. Preferably, the driver can send the power change signal by pressing a power change switch, voice control and other modes; or the electric vehicle system can send the battery replacement signal in other modes according to the battery replacement scene identified by the detection device, the battery replacement application sent by the battery replacement mechanism received by the receiver, and the like. Of course, in other embodiments, the resilient latch on the used battery 33 in the battery compartment 2 may be retracted manually or otherwise.
As an embodiment, the method for replacing the battery 3 of the electric vehicle 1 further includes the following steps:
detecting the electric quantity information of the battery 3 on the charging shelf 7 through a battery detection module of the detection device, wherein the battery electric quantity information comprises full-charge information and loss information of the battery electric quantity;
and a forklift stacker crane control module of the controller controls the forklift stacker crane 6 to sequentially or randomly take full-charge batteries from the charging shelf 7 and place the full-charge batteries on the power exchanging vehicle 4 according to the battery electric quantity information sent by the battery detection module.
The charging shelf control module of the controller controls the charging shelf 7 to charge or stop charging the corresponding battery 3 according to the battery electric quantity information issued by the battery detection module, so that the damage of the battery due to long-time charging is avoided, and meanwhile, the timely charging of the old battery is also ensured.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an electric automobile battery replacement system which characterized in that: comprises a battery box (2), a battery (3) and a battery replacement mechanism,
openings (25) for allowing batteries to pass through are formed in two opposite sides of the battery box (2), and a plurality of positioning holes (26) are formed in the side wall of the battery box (2);
a plurality of locking pieces (31) matched with the positioning holes (26) are arranged on the side wall of the battery (3);
the battery replacing mechanism comprises a controller and a battery replacing vehicle (4), the controller is used for controlling the battery replacing vehicle (4) to send the battery (3) into the battery box (2) through the opening (25), and the locking piece (31) is matched with the positioning hole (26) to fix the battery (3).
2. The electric vehicle battery replacement system according to claim 1, wherein: be equipped with lift battery tray (5) on trading trolley (4), lift battery tray (5) are including lift fore-set and sucking disc, the sucking disc is located the top of lift fore-set is used for adsorbing battery (3).
3. The electric vehicle battery replacement system according to claim 1, wherein: the battery box (2) is of a frame structure and comprises a first frame (21), a second frame (22), a third frame (23) and a fourth frame (24) which are sequentially connected, the first frame (21) is opposite to the third frame (23), the second frame (22) is opposite to the fourth frame (24), the first frame (21) is provided with an opening (25) in the third frame (23), and the second frame (22) is provided with a positioning hole (26) in the fourth frame (24).
4. The electric vehicle battery replacement system according to claim 1, wherein: locking piece (31) are elasticity locking piece, battery (3) are in remove the in-process in battery case (2), elasticity locking piece receives battery case (2) inner wall extrusion and is in compression state, when removing extremely when locating hole (26) department, elasticity locking piece pops out and blocks into in locating hole (26).
5. The electric vehicle battery replacement system according to claim 1, wherein: trade electric mechanism still includes the battery compartment, be equipped with fork truck hacking machine (6) and charging goods shelves (7) in the battery compartment, fork truck hacking machine (6) with charging goods shelves (7) respectively with the controller is connected, fork truck hacking machine (6) are used for carrying battery (3), charging goods shelves (7) are used for giving battery (3) charge.
6. The electric vehicle battery replacement system according to claim 2, wherein: trade electric mechanism still includes detection device, detection device with the controller is connected, detection device includes:
the vehicle detection module is used for detecting vehicle driving-in information of a battery replacement area and transmitting the vehicle driving-in information to the controller, and the controller controls the power exchange vehicle (4) to move to a pre-power exchange position according to the vehicle driving-in information;
and the battery box positioning module is used for obtaining the position information of the battery box of the vehicle in the battery replacing area, and the controller controls the power exchanging vehicle (4) to move to the target power exchanging position according to the position information of the battery box.
7. The electric vehicle battery replacement system according to claim 6, wherein: the controller includes:
the receiving module is used for receiving the information sent by the detection device;
the trolley changing control module is used for controlling the movement of the trolley changing vehicle (4) according to the information sent by the detection device;
wherein, the trolley changing control module includes:
the first control unit is used for controlling the trolley changing car (4) to move, and controlling the trolley changing car (4) to move to a pre-battery changing position when a vehicle enters a battery changing area; when the vehicle stops in the battery replacement area, controlling the power change car (4) to move to a target power change position according to the position information of the battery box (2) of the vehicle;
and the second control unit is used for controlling the lifting battery tray (5) to alternatively lift.
8. The electric vehicle battery replacement system according to claim 7, wherein: the battery locking device also comprises a locking piece control module used for controlling the retraction or ejection of the locking piece (31) on the battery (3).
9. The electric vehicle battery replacement system according to claim 1, wherein: the arrangement mode of the battery replacing mechanism comprises a one-way battery replacing mechanism, a two-way battery replacing mechanism, a one-way multi-row battery replacing mechanism and a two-way multi-row battery replacing mechanism.
10. A battery replacing method of an electric automobile is characterized in that: the battery replacing method is completed by using the battery replacing system of the electric automobile of any one of claims 1 to 9, and comprises the following steps:
the detection device detects the position information of the vehicle in the battery replacement area and sends the position information to the controller;
the controller controls the power exchanging vehicle (4) to move to the power exchanging position according to the position information sent by the detection device;
the battery replacing vehicle (4) sends the supported new battery into the battery box (2) from the opening on one side of the battery box (2), so that the new battery pushes the old battery in the battery box (2) to move out from the opening on the other side of the battery box (2) until the locking piece (31) of the new battery is matched with the positioning hole (26) in the battery box (2).
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