CN112120267B - Vacuum microwave drying process for cigars - Google Patents
Vacuum microwave drying process for cigars Download PDFInfo
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- CN112120267B CN112120267B CN202010986252.1A CN202010986252A CN112120267B CN 112120267 B CN112120267 B CN 112120267B CN 202010986252 A CN202010986252 A CN 202010986252A CN 112120267 B CN112120267 B CN 112120267B
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- 235000019506 cigar Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 208
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 160
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 33
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 description 6
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical class [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 244000061458 Solanum melongena Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000002597 Solanum melongena Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019505 tobacco product Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000255908 Manduca sexta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
- A24B3/04—Humidifying or drying tobacco bunches or cut tobacco
Landscapes
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of cigar drying, in particular to a cigar vacuum microwave drying process. Which comprises the following steps: placing the cigar list into a drying device; adjusting the temperature in the drying device to be-22 to-18 ℃ and the vacuum degree to be 0.04 to 0.08MPa, drying for 25 to 35min, starting a microwave generating source, and continuously drying for 35 to 65s under the microwave power of 5 to 8 KW; heating to 11-12 ℃, and balancing the moisture of the cigar for 20-28 h. In this application, combine together through microwave and vacuum technique, during the low pressure, can make the cigar be in and dewater under the low temperature state, make moisture diffusion rate accelerate, simultaneously, the microwave provides the heat source for vacuum drying, can overcome the slow shortcoming of conventional convection current mode heat conduction rate under the vacuum state, has both reduced drying temperature, has accelerated drying rate again, consequently can remain original look fragrant smell and other active ingredient of cigar betterly, obtains better drying quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cigar drying, in particular to a cigar vacuum microwave drying process.
Background
Conventional cigars, especially hand-made leaf-type and leaf-bundle cigars, require secondary drying of the shaped cigar cigarettes, generally by the equilibrium method: balancing for about 7-10 days at the temperature of 12-15 ℃ and the humidity of 65 +/-5.0% to ensure that the moisture of the cigar cigarettes reaches 13.5-15%, and regularly performing related treatment such as arrangement, overturning, layer changing and the like on the cigarettes in the balancing process to keep the moisture content of the cigarettes uniform and reduce the deformation, breakage and other conditions of the cigarettes. The cigarette drying process is long in balance time, low in production efficiency, low in automation degree and uneven in cigarette moisture, all cigar cigarettes are not classified and dried, pertinence is not strong, the problem that the moisture content of the dried cigar cigarettes is too large or too small exists, the cigarettes with too large moisture content cannot enter the next procedure for packaging, and when the cigarettes with too small moisture content are packaged, the eggplant coats of the cigarettes are easy to damage. Meanwhile, the risk of cigarette quality reduction caused by damage of the tobacco worms exists.
Patent document CN103005701A discloses a cigar moisture drying process, which is a multi-stage progressive cigar moisture drying process, wherein the multi-stage progressive cigar moisture drying process is divided into at least two stages, the at least two stages are a first stage and a second stage, and the first stage includes a cigarette warming and humidifying stage; a first stage of drying cigarettes; a cigarette humidifying stage and a cigarette drying second stage, wherein the temperature of the cigarette warming and humidifying stage is 30 ℃, the cigarette warming and humidifying humidity is 80%, and the time of the cigarette warming and humidifying stage is 30 minutes; the temperature of the first stage of cigarette drying is 50 ℃, the humidity of the first stage of cigarette drying is 30%, and the time of the first stage of cigarette drying is 150 minutes; the temperature of the cigarette humidification stage is 30 ℃, the humidity of the cigarette humidification stage is 80%, and the cigarette humidification time is 30 minutes; the temperature of the second stage of tobacco rod drying is 50 ℃, the humidity of the second stage of tobacco rod drying is 30%, and the time of the second stage of tobacco rod drying is 540 minutes; the cigarette heating and humidifying stage is used for increasing the moisture of the cigarettes to achieve the balance of the moisture inside and outside the cigarettes, and the cigarettes are quickly dehydrated in a high-temperature and low-humidity state in the first stage of drying; the cigarette humidifying stage prevents the damage of eggplant coats caused by too fast drying and dewatering of cigarettes; the cigarettes are dried more slowly in the second stage of drying. The environmental humidity and temperature in the method are suitable for the production of the tobacco insects, and the risk of the insects growing exists.
In addition, although many technological methods for drying tobacco products are disclosed, the traditional baked tobacco products are all aimed at, and the cigars are made of dried and fermented tobacco, so that the drying method for flue-cured tobacco cannot be directly applied to cigar drying.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a vacuum microwave drying process for cigars.
The technical scheme for solving the problems is to provide a cigar vacuum microwave drying process, which comprises the following steps:
(1) placing the cigar list into a drying device;
(2) adjusting the temperature in the drying device to be-22 to-18 ℃ and the vacuum degree to be 0.04 to 0.08MPa, drying for 25 to 35min, starting a microwave generating source, and continuously drying for 35 to 65s under the microwave power of 5 to 8 KW;
(3) heating to 11-12 ℃, and balancing the moisture of the cigar for 20-28 h.
Preferably, in the step (2), during the drying under microwave, the microwave is suspended and the mixture is kept still for 1 to 3 seconds after every 5 to 10 seconds of drying.
Preferably, the power of microwave drying after each standing is lower than that of microwave drying before the standing.
During microwave drying, the problem of uneven electromagnetic field distribution in the cigar is easy to occur, which can cause local heat accumulation and even local scorching of the cigar. Through intermittent variable power microwave treatment, the problem of uneven heat can be effectively alleviated, and therefore the drying uniformity is effectively improved.
Preferably, the cigar is moisturized each time it is left standing.
Because the microwave drying speed is high, when the moisture in the cigar is not diffused to the surface, the moisture on the surface of the cigar is already dried, and at the moment, the moisture content inside and outside the cigar is not good due to continuous drying, so that the humidifying treatment is adopted.
Preferably, the present invention is carried out by humidifying with saturated saline solution. On one hand, the saturated saline is still liquid at the low temperature of minus 22 to minus 18 ℃, so that the cigar can be effectively moistened; on the other hand, the saturated salt solution can sterilize and kill pests on the cigars, and further effectively prevent the cigars from being verminous.
Preferably, in the moisturizing treatment, the mass ratio of each cigar to the saturated saline solution is 1: (0.1-0.3).
Preferably, the drying device is provided with a rotating fan blade for generating airflow. The fan blades are rotated to accelerate the flow rate of air flow in the drying device and improve the drying rate of the cigars; on the other hand, the residual salt particles after the humidification treatment of saturated salt water can be blown away.
Preferably, in the step (1), the cigars are divided into a plurality of types by weight and are respectively placed in different drying devices according to the types; in step (2), the drying time in the different drying devices is proportional to the weight of the category to which the cigar belongs.
Preferably, the cigars are divided into large cigars with weight of 6g or more, medium cigars with weight of less than 6g and 3g or more, small cigars with weight of less than 3g and 1.2g or more and mini cigars with weight of less than 1.2 g.
Preferably, the drying time of the large-size cigars is 55-65 s, the drying time of the medium-size cigars is 45-55 s, the drying time of the small-size cigars is 40-50 s, and the drying time of the mini-size cigars is 35-45 s.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the traditional vacuum drying method often has the problems of long drying time and non-uniformity due to the slow conduction heating speed in the vacuum state. In this application, combine together through microwave and vacuum technique, during the low pressure, can make the cigar be in and dewater under the low temperature state, make moisture diffusion rate accelerate, simultaneously, the microwave provides the heat source for vacuum drying, can overcome the slow shortcoming of conventional convection current mode heat conduction rate under the vacuum state, has both reduced drying temperature, has accelerated drying rate again, consequently can remain original look fragrant smell and other active ingredient of cigar betterly, obtains better drying quality.
2. The invention classifies and dries the cigars according to the weight thereof, has strong pertinence and avoids the problem that the water content of the cigars is too large or too small in the traditional drying process.
Detailed Description
The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and further describe the technical solutions of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1
A cigar vacuum microwave drying process comprises the following steps:
(1) the cigars are divided into large-sized cigars with the weight of more than or equal to 6g, medium-sized cigars with the weight of less than 6g and more than or equal to 3g, small-sized cigars with the weight of less than 3g and more than or equal to 1.2g and mini-sized cigars with the weight of less than 1.2 g.
(2) The cigars are respectively placed in different drying devices according to the categories, and in each drying device, the cigars are placed in a single row without being stacked in multiple rows.
(3) Adjusting the temperature in all drying devices to-20 deg.C and the vacuum degree to 0.06MPa, drying cigars of various quality for 30min, starting the microwave generation source, and continuing drying under the microwave power of 6 KW. In the microwave drying process, the drying time of a large-size cigar is 60s, the drying time of a medium-size cigar is 50s, the drying time of a small-size cigar is 45s, and the drying time of a mini-size cigar is 40 s.
(4) All drying units were warmed to 11.5 ℃ and the cigar was equilibrated for 24 h.
(5) And each cigar is sleeved with a sealed packaging bag.
The obtained cigars are respectively stored for 24h and 48h and then are subjected to suction detection, and compared with standard samples, and the detection results are shown in the following table 1.
The moisture content of each of the large cigar, the medium cigar, the small cigar and the mini cigar was measured, and the results of the measurements are shown in the following table 2.
Example 2
A cigar vacuum microwave drying process comprises the following steps:
(1) the cigars are divided into large-size cigars with the weight of more than or equal to 6g, medium-size cigars with the weight of less than 6g and more than or equal to 3g, small-size cigars with the weight of less than 3g and more than or equal to 1.2g and mini-size cigars with the weight of less than 1.2 g.
(2) The cigars are respectively placed in different drying devices according to the categories, and in each drying device, the cigars are placed in a single row without being stacked in multiple rows.
(3) Adjusting the temperature in all drying devices to-22 deg.C and the vacuum degree to 0.04MPa, drying cigars of various quality for 25min, starting microwave generation source, and continuously drying under the microwave power of 5 KW. Under microwave, the drying time of large-size cigars is 55s, that of medium-size cigars is 45s, that of small-size cigars is 40s, and that of mini-size cigars is 35 s. Meanwhile, during drying under microwave, after drying for 5s, suspending microwave and standing for 1s until the sum of drying time of each time reaches the drying time.
(4) All drying units were warmed to 11 ℃ and the cigars were equilibrated for 20 h.
(5) And each cigar is sleeved with a sealed packaging bag.
The obtained cigars are respectively stored for 24h and 48h and then are subjected to suction detection, and compared with standard samples, and the detection results are shown in the following table 1.
The moisture content of each of the large cigar, the medium cigar, the small cigar and the mini cigar was measured, and the results of the measurements are shown in the following table 2.
Example 3
A cigar vacuum microwave drying process comprises the following steps:
(1) the cigars are divided into large-size cigars with the weight of more than or equal to 6g, medium-size cigars with the weight of less than 6g and more than or equal to 3g, small-size cigars with the weight of less than 3g and more than or equal to 1.2g and mini-size cigars with the weight of less than 1.2 g.
(2) The cigars are respectively placed in different drying devices according to the categories, and in each drying device, the cigars are placed in a single row without being stacked in multiple rows.
(3) Adjusting the temperature in all drying devices to-18 deg.C and the vacuum degree to 0.08MPa, drying cigars of various quality for 35min, and starting microwave generation source. Under microwave, the drying time of a large-size cigar is 65s, that of a medium-size cigar is 55s, that of a small-size cigar is 50s, and that of a mini-size cigar is 45 s.
Wherein, the cigars are dried for 10s at the microwave power of 8KW, and then the microwave is suspended and the cigars are stood for 3 s; then drying for 10s with 7.5KW microwave power, suspending the microwave and standing for 3 s; and then, continuously circulating the steps of microwave drying and standing, wherein the power of each microwave drying is 0.5KW less than that of the last microwave drying. Until the sum of the drying time of each microwave reaches the drying time.
(4) All drying units were warmed to 12 ℃ and the cigars were equilibrated for 28 h.
(5) Each cigar is sleeved with a sealed packaging bag.
The obtained cigars are respectively stored for 24h and 48h and then are subjected to suction detection, and are compared with standard samples, and the detection results are shown in the following table 1.
The moisture content of each of the large cigar, the medium cigar, the small cigar and the mini cigar was measured, and the results of the measurements are shown in the following table 2.
Example 4
A cigar vacuum microwave drying process comprises the following steps:
(1) the cigars are divided into large-size cigars with the weight of more than or equal to 6g, medium-size cigars with the weight of less than 6g and more than or equal to 3g, small-size cigars with the weight of less than 3g and more than or equal to 1.2g and mini-size cigars with the weight of less than 1.2 g.
(2) The cigars are respectively placed in different drying devices according to the categories, and in each drying device, the cigars are placed in a single row without being stacked in multiple rows. The drying device is internally provided with a rotating fan blade for generating air flow, and the rotating fan blade is arranged above the cigars and is kept opened consistently so as to supply air to the cigars.
(3) Adjusting the temperature in all drying devices to-21 ℃ and the vacuum degree to 0.05MPa, drying cigars of various quality types for 28min, starting a microwave generating source, and under the microwave drying, the drying time of a large-size cigar is 60s, the drying time of a medium-size cigar is 50s, the drying time of a small-size cigar is 45s, and the drying time of a miniature cigar is 40 s.
Under microwave, drying cigars for 10s at 7.5KW microwave power, suspending microwave drying, standing for 2s, and spraying saturated salt solution to the cigars when standing, wherein the mass ratio of each cigar to the saturated salt solution is 1: 0.3. then drying for 10s with 7.2KW microwave power, suspending microwave and standing for 2s, and spraying saturated salt water to the cigars when standing, wherein the mass ratio of each cigar to the saturated salt water is 1: 0.27. and then continuing to circularly dry and stand the microwave, wherein the power of each microwave drying is 0.3KW less than that of the last microwave, and the mass ratio of the salt solution spraying to the cigar smoking is 0.03 less than that of the last spraying when the microwave drying is kept stand. Until the sum of the drying time of each microwave reaches the drying time.
(4) All drying units were warmed to 11.8 ℃ and the cigar was equilibrated for 26 h.
(5) Each cigar is sleeved with a sealed packaging bag.
The obtained cigars are respectively stored for 24h and 48h and then are subjected to suction detection, and compared with standard samples, and the detection results are shown in the following table 1.
The moisture content of each of the large cigar, the medium cigar, the small cigar and the mini cigar was measured, and the results of the measurements are shown in the following table 2.
Example 5
A cigar vacuum microwave drying process comprises the following steps:
(1) the cigars are divided into large-size cigars with the weight of more than or equal to 6g, medium-size cigars with the weight of less than 6g and more than or equal to 3g, small-size cigars with the weight of less than 3g and more than or equal to 1.2g and mini-size cigars with the weight of less than 1.2 g.
(2) The cigars are respectively placed in different drying devices according to the categories, and in each drying device, the cigars are placed in a single row without being stacked in multiple rows. The drying device is internally provided with a rotating fan blade for generating air flow, and the rotating fan blade is arranged above the cigars and is kept opened consistently so as to supply air to the cigars.
(3) Adjusting the temperature in all drying devices to be-19 ℃ and the vacuum degree to be 0.07MPa, drying cigars of various quality types for 32min, starting a microwave generating source, and under the microwave drying, the drying time of a large-size cigar is 62s, the drying time of a medium-size cigar is 52s, the drying time of a small-size cigar is 47s, and the drying time of a miniature cigar is 42 s.
Under microwave, after cigars are dried for 8s at the microwave power of 6KW, the microwave is suspended and the cigars are stood for 1s, and saturated salt water is sprayed on the cigars when the cigars are stood, wherein the mass ratio of each cigar to the saturated salt water is 1: 0.1. then drying for 10s with 6KW microwave power, suspending microwave and standing for 2s, and spraying saturated salt solution to the cigars when standing, wherein the mass ratio of each cigar to the saturated salt solution is 1: 0.1. and then continuing to circulate the steps of microwave drying and standing until the sum of the microwave drying time of each time reaches the drying time.
(4) All drying units were warmed to 11.2 ℃ and the cigar was equilibrated for 22 h.
(5) Each cigar is sleeved with a sealed packaging bag.
The obtained cigars are respectively stored for 24h and 48h and then are subjected to suction detection, and are compared with standard samples, and the detection results are shown in the following table 1.
The moisture content of each of the large cigar, the medium cigar, the small cigar and the mini cigar was measured, and the results of the measurements are shown in the following table 2.
Comparative example 1
The cigar is dried by a traditional equilibrium method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) the cigars are divided into large-size cigars with the weight of more than or equal to 6g, medium-size cigars with the weight of less than 6g and more than or equal to 3g, small-size cigars with the weight of less than 3g and more than or equal to 1.2g and mini-size cigars with the weight of less than 1.2 g.
(2) The cigars are respectively placed in different drying devices according to the categories, and in each drying device, the cigars are placed in a single row without being stacked in multiple rows.
(3) The mixture was equilibrated at 13 ℃ and 65% humidity for 7 days.
(4 each cigar sleeve is sealed by a packaging bag.
The obtained cigars are respectively stored for 24h and 48h and then are subjected to suction detection, and are compared with standard samples, and the detection results are shown in the following table 1.
The moisture content of each of the large cigar, the medium cigar, the small cigar and the mini cigar was measured, and the results of the measurements are shown in the following table 2.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from table 1, the drying process according to the present application had no effect on the quality of the cigar.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from table 2, the process of the present invention is effective in reducing the drying time and improving the moisture uniformity between different cigars.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A cigar vacuum microwave drying process is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) placing the cigar list into a drying device;
(2) adjusting the temperature in the drying device to be-22 to-18 ℃ and the vacuum degree to be 0.04 to 0.08MPa, drying for 25 to 35min, starting a microwave generating source, and continuously drying for 35 to 65s under the microwave power of 5 to 8 KW; during drying under microwave, suspending the microwave and standing for 1-3 s after every 5-10 s of drying; the cigar is humidified when standing each time; humidifying with saturated salt solution;
(3) heating to 11-12 ℃, and balancing the moisture of the cigar for 20-28 h.
2. The cigar vacuum microwave drying process of claim 1, wherein: the power of the microwave drying after each standing is lower than that of the microwave drying before the standing.
3. The cigar vacuum microwave drying process according to claim 1, characterized in that: during humidification treatment, the mass ratio of each cigar to saturated salt solution is 1: (0.1-0.3).
4. The cigar vacuum microwave drying process according to claim 1, characterized in that: and a rotating fan blade for generating airflow is arranged in the drying device.
5. The cigar vacuum microwave drying process of claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the cigars are divided into a plurality of types according to weight and are respectively placed in different drying devices according to the types; in step (2), the drying time in the different drying devices is proportional to the weight of the category to which the cigar belongs.
6. The cigar vacuum microwave drying process according to claim 5, wherein: the cigars are divided into large-size cigars with the weight of more than or equal to 6g, medium-size cigars with the weight of less than 6g and more than or equal to 3g, small-size cigars with the weight of less than 3g and more than or equal to 1.2g and mini-size cigars with the weight of less than 1.2 g.
7. The cigar vacuum microwave drying process according to claim 6, wherein: the drying time of large-size cigars is 55-65 s, the drying time of medium-size cigars is 45-55 s, the drying time of small-size cigars is 40-50 s, and the drying time of miniature cigars is 35-45 s.
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| CN116268495A (en) * | 2023-04-11 | 2023-06-23 | 四川中烟工业有限责任公司 | Cigar tobacco leaf moisture balancing method |
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| US6135121A (en) * | 1996-06-28 | 2000-10-24 | Regent Court Technologies | Tobacco products having reduced nitrosamine content |
| CN102266113B (en) * | 2011-08-08 | 2013-05-29 | 康琪 | Low-temperature microwave vacuum drying process for tobacco shreds |
| CN103005701B (en) * | 2012-11-27 | 2015-03-18 | 川渝中烟工业有限责任公司 | Cigar moisture drying process |
| CN103141924B (en) * | 2013-03-26 | 2014-12-10 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | Tobacco low-temperature drying treatment technology |
| CN104970126B (en) * | 2015-07-13 | 2018-08-31 | 中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 | A kind of method of black tea vacuum impulse drying aroma-improving |
| CN106333380A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-01-18 | 河南中烟工业有限责任公司 | Tobacco shred fast shaping and drying method |
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