CN112119850A - Planting method for direct-seeding rice nitrogen-saving one-time fertilization - Google Patents
Planting method for direct-seeding rice nitrogen-saving one-time fertilization Download PDFInfo
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- CN112119850A CN112119850A CN202011207392.0A CN202011207392A CN112119850A CN 112119850 A CN112119850 A CN 112119850A CN 202011207392 A CN202011207392 A CN 202011207392A CN 112119850 A CN112119850 A CN 112119850A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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Abstract
The invention provides a nitrogen-saving one-time fertilization planting method for direct-seeded rice, which is characterized in that the yield is increased to reach obvious difference on the basis of saving the nitrogen fertilizer consumption, the yield forming factors such as effective ear number, grain number per ear, fructification rate and the like are obviously improved, the taste quality of rice is improved, and compared with the traditional rice planting method, the nitrogen-saving one-time fertilization planting method can save multiple manual fertilization, reduce the labor cost and achieve the effects of cost saving and efficiency improvement. The invention solves the problems of more fertilization times and high labor cost in the traditional rice planting mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice cultivation, in particular to a planting method for direct-seeding rice through nitrogen-saving one-time fertilization.
Background
With the transfer of green and strong labor in rural areas, direct seeding of rice becomes an efficient and simplified planting mode. Under the direct seeding planting mode, the traditional nitrogen fertilizer application is often divided into base fertilizer, tillering fertilizer and spike fertilizer, and part of the spike fertilizer can also be divided into flower promoting fertilizer, flower preserving fertilizer and the like, so that the problems of multiple fertilization times, high labor cost and the like exist.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, a planting method for direct-seeding rice nitrogen-saving one-time fertilization is provided, so that the problems of multiple fertilization times and high labor cost in the traditional rice planting mode are solved.
In order to realize the aim, the planting method for the direct-seeding rice by nitrogen-saving one-time fertilization comprises the following steps:
directly sowing rice in a field, so that the seedling number of the rice in the field is matched with the expected effective spike number;
after direct seeding and before the N-N-1 leaf age of the rice, keeping a shallow water layer in the field, at the N-N-1 leaf age of the rice, after natural drying, rehydrating the field until the N-N +3 leaf age of the rice, and after the N-N +3 leaf age of the rice, alternately drying and wetting the field;
providing a rice fertilizer, wherein the total nitrogen content of the rice fertilizer is 2/3 of the total nitrogen content of conventional rice fertilization, the rice fertilizer consists of 40% of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer and 60% of slow-release and controlled-release compound fertilizer by 100% of the total nitrogen content of the rice fertilizer, the release period of the slow-release and controlled-release compound fertilizer is 30-40 days, and the rice fertilizer is applied to the field when the leaves of the rice are N-N-2 leaves, wherein N is the number of main stem leaves of the rice, and N is the number of extended internodes of the main stem base of the rice.
Further, the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is urea with nitrogen content of 46%.
Further, the controlled-release compound fertilizer comprises nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a proportion of 15: 15: 15 to a sustained and controlled release compound fertilizer.
Further, the field naturally falls to be dry until the soil and water potential is-25 kPa, and then is rehydrated.
The nitrogen-saving one-time fertilization planting method for the direct-seeded rice has the advantages that on the basis of saving the nitrogen fertilizer using amount, the yield increase achieves obvious difference, the yield forming factors such as the effective number of ears, the number of grains per ear, the setting percentage and the like are obviously improved, the taste quality of the rice is improved, compared with the traditional rice planting method, the nitrogen-saving one-time fertilization planting method can save multiple times of artificial fertilization, reduce the labor cost and achieve the effects of cost saving and efficiency improvement.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a nitrogen-saving one-time fertilization planting method for direct-seeded rice, which comprises the following steps:
s1: directly seeding rice in a field so that the number of mature rice seedlings in the field is equal to the expected number of effective ears.
During sowing, according to the final expected ear number of the rice, according to the germination rate and emergence rate of the sown rice seeds, the sowing amount is calculated, so that the basic seedlings (seedling number) after sowing of the rice are equal to the expected ear number.
The sowing amount (kg) of rice is (number of ears to be expected x thousand kernel weight)/(germination rate x emergence rate x 10)6)
S2: after direct seeding, before the N-N-1 leaf age of the rice, a shallow water layer is kept in the field, the field is naturally dried and rehydrated until the N-N +3 leaf age of the rice in the N-N-1 leaf age of the rice, and the field is alternately dry and wet after the N-N +3 leaf age of the rice.
Specifically, a shallow water layer is maintained in the field after direct seeding until the N-N-1 leaf age of the rice.
The field is rehydrated after naturally falling dry in the period from the leaf age of N-N-1 to the leaf age of N-N +3 of the rice. As a preferred embodiment, the field is naturally dried until the soil and water potential is-25 kPa during the period from the age of N-N-1 leaves of rice to the age of N-N +3 leaves of rice, and then is rehydrated.
After the N-N +3 leaf age period of the rice, the field is irrigated with alternate dry and wet.
S3: providing a rice fertilizer, wherein the total nitrogen content of the rice fertilizer is 2/3 of the total nitrogen content of conventional rice fertilization, the rice fertilizer consists of 40% of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer and 60% of slow-release compound fertilizer calculated by 100% of the total nitrogen content of the rice fertilizer, the release period of the slow-release compound fertilizer is 30-40 days, and the rice fertilizer is applied to a field when the rice is N-N-2 leaves old, wherein N is the number of leaves of a main stem of the rice, and N is the number of extended internodes of the base part of the main stem of the rice.
In this example, the total nitrogen content of the rice fertilizer applied to the rice was 2/3 times the total nitrogen content of the local conventional rice fertilizer. The rice fertilizer is all applied to the whole growth period of rice.
The rice fertilizer consists of 40 percent of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer and 60 percent of slow-release compound fertilizer based on 100 percent of total nitrogen content of the rice fertilizer. The nitrogen release period of the sustained and controlled release compound fertilizer is 30 to 40 days.
In a preferred embodiment, the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is urea with a nitrogen content of 46%.
The sustained and controlled release compound fertilizer comprises 15 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium: 15: 15 to a sustained and controlled release compound fertilizer.
In a preferred embodiment, the controlled release compound fertilizer comprises a plurality of fertilizer sections bonded together in series. The fertilizer section comprises a capsule shell and fertilizer filled in the capsule shell. The capsule shell is degradable. The thickness of the capsule shells of the fertilizer sections is different, so that the fertilizer efficiency release speed of the fertilizer is controlled. The fertilizer quantity filled in the capsule shell of the fertilizer section realizes the requirement of accurately releasing the fertilizer in a fixed time and a fixed quantity for the fertilizer in the key growth period of the rice. A plurality of fertilizer sections are connected in series and bonded to form a certain character, and can be a fertilizer rod, a fertilizer ring and the like.
For the application of the fertilizer section, the fertilizer section can be inserted into the soil at the root side of the rice or scattered into a shallow water layer, and the fertilizer section sinks into the surface layer of the soil by using the self weight.
The total nitrogen application amount of the local conventional rice is the difference value of the total nitrogen demand of the rice and the nitrogen supply amount of local soil (the nitrogen amount which can be absorbed by the rice from the soil). In this example, the amount of nitrogen conventionally applied is 18kg/667m2. In this example, the amount of nitrogen applied during the whole life of rice was 12kg/667m2On the left and right, 2/3 is the amount of the conventional fertilizer.
When the direct seeding rice reaches the N-N-2 leaf age, the mixed fertilizer rice fertilizer is applied to the field.
In order to clearly illustrate the technical scheme of the planting method for the nitrogen-saving one-time fertilization of the direct-seeded rice, the following examples and comparative examples are specifically enumerated for comparison and description.
Example 1
Direct-seeding rice variety Nanjing 9108, the thousand seed weight of the variety is 26.2g, and the number of rice ears in the expected maturity period is 28 ten thousand per 667m2And performing germination and emergence tests before sowing seeds, wherein the germination rate of the seeds measured in the early stage is 90%, and the emergence rate is 85%. Under the direct seeding condition, the total leaf number N of the main stem of the Nanjing 9108 is 15, and the elongation internode number N of the main stem is 5.
During sowing, according to the expected ear number of rice in the mature period and the thousand seed weight, the germination rate and the emergence rate of rice seeds, the sowing amount is calculated as follows: the sowing amount (kg) of rice is (number of ears to be expected x thousand kernel weight)/(germination rate x emergence rate x 10)6)。
According to the formula, the seeding quantity of Nanjing 9108 is calculated to be 9.59kg/667m2After sowing, the basic seedlings of field investigation are 27.5 ten thousand per 667m2。
The field was kept in a shallow water layer after direct seeding until the age of 15-5-1 ═ 9 leaves of the rice.
And naturally drying the field until the soil and water potential reaches-25 kPa after the field is naturally dried from the age of 9 leaves of the rice to the age of 15-5+3 leaves of the rice to the age of 13 leaves of the rice. The nitrogen-saving one-time fertilization planting method for the direct-seeded rice reduces the soil and water potential of the rice from-15 kPa to-25 kPa at the 9-13 leaf age of the rice, because the basic seedling number of the field at the early stage under the condition of the nitrogen-saving one-time fertilization planting method for the direct-seeded rice is equal to the expected spike number, and the severe alternation of dryness and wetness is adopted in the 9-13 leaf age of the rice to inhibit the tillering of the population in advance, so that the field has no (almost) tillering after fertilization at the 8-leaf age of the rice, and simultaneously can increase the air permeability of a root system, enhance the activity of the root system, reduce the elongation of the basal internodes and enhance the lodging resistance.
After the 15-5+ 3-13 leaf age period of rice, field irrigation was alternated dry and wet until one week before harvest.
The rice fertilizer is provided, the total nitrogen content of the rice fertilizer is 2/3 of the total nitrogen content of conventional rice fertilizer, and the rice fertilizer is a slow controlled release compound fertilizer with 46% of urea and 15% of nitrogen and a nitrogen controlled release period of 40 days. Wherein the application amount of urea is 10.43kg/667m2The application amount of the controlled-release compound fertilizer is 48kg/667m2。
The rice fertilizer is applied to the field with the water layer once when the rice is 15-5-2 ═ 8 leaves old.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 differs from example 1 in that:
a. fertilizing amount and fertilizer type:
the nitrogen consumption of the conventional direct-seeding rice field is 18kg of pure nitrogen/667 m2According to the base fertilizer: and (3) fertilizing the tillers: panicle fertilizer is 3.5: 3.5: 3, applying spike fertilizer according to the same amount of the flower promoting fertilizer and the flower preserving fertilizer.
Wherein the base fertilizer comprises 3.9kg/667m230kg/667m of urea2A compound fertilizer.
The tiller fertilizer comprises 13.69kg/667m2The urea of (1).
The flower promoting fertilizer comprises 18kg/667m2Compound fertilizer (nitrogen phosphorus potassium ratio 15-15-15).
The flower protecting fertilizer comprises 5.87kg/667m2The urea of (1).
b. Fertilizing time:
base fertilizer: before direct seeding, the fertilizer is applied to a field.
And (3) fertilizing the tillers: the rice main stem is applied at the 4 th leaf age stage.
Promoting the growth of flowers fertilizer: the rice main stem is applied at the 12 th leaf age stage.
And (3) flower fertilizer preservation: the rice main stem is applied at the 14 th leaf age stage.
The results show that compared with comparative example 1, the nitrogen-saving fertilization planting method of example 1 has a significant difference that the yield increase reaches 7.2% on the basis of saving the nitrogen fertilizer by 33.3%, and the significant differences exist in the effective spike number, the grain number per spike and the seed setting rate, and the specific results are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 Rice yields and differences in the constituent factors between example 1 and comparative example 1
Meanwhile, in the aspect of taste quality of rice, example 1 proves that the nitrogen-saving one-time fertilization planting method for direct-seeded rice improves the taste quality of rice and the taste value, appearance, hardness, viscosity and protein content of rice, and specific results are shown in the following table 2. In addition, the planting method of the direct-seeded rice capable of saving nitrogen and fertilizing once can save 3 times of manual fertilization, reduce labor cost and achieve the effects of saving cost and improving efficiency.
TABLE 2 Rice quality differences between example 1 and comparative example 1
The methods for measuring the taste value, appearance, hardness and viscosity of the cooked rice shown in Table 2 are as follows: appearance, hardness, viscosity and taste value of the rice were measured using a rice taste meter (STA1A rice taste meter, zuo bamboo japan).
The method for measuring the protein content comprises the following steps: the nitrogen content is measured by adopting a Kjeltec 8400 (FOSS full-automatic Kjeltec) nitrogen determinator, and the protein content of the rice is converted by taking 5.95 as a coefficient.
The planting method of the direct-seeding rice nitrogen-saving one-time fertilization achieves obvious difference in yield increase on the basis of saving the nitrogen fertilizer consumption, obviously improves yield forming factors such as effective spike number, grain number per spike, maturing rate and the like, improves taste quality of rice, saves multiple times of manual fertilization compared with the traditional rice planting method, reduces labor cost, and achieves the effects of saving cost and improving efficiency.
According to the planting method for nitrogen-saving one-time fertilization of direct-seeded rice, the total nitrogen fertilizer usage amount is reduced by 1/3 compared with the nitrogen fertilizer usage amount in a comparison ratio 1 (namely the conventional fertilization amount), the nitrogen fertilizer application time is 8 leaf periods of the rice, the application time of the flower promoting fertilizer and the flower preserving fertilizer in the comparison ratio 1 is respectively advanced by 4 leaf age periods and 6 leaf age periods, the leaf color turning yellow at the later growth stage of the rice is effectively promoted, the conversion of in vivo nitrogen metabolism to carbon metabolism is effectively promoted, the synthesis of carbohydrates such as starch in grains is increased, the protein content is further reduced, the product is improved, and the rice quality is also improved.
Finally, it should be noted that: it should be understood that the above examples are only for clearly illustrating the present application and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications of this type are intended to be covered by the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A nitrogen-saving one-time fertilization planting method for direct-seeded rice is characterized by comprising the following steps:
directly sowing rice in a field, so that the seedling number of the rice in the field is matched with the expected effective spike number;
after direct seeding and before the N-N-1 leaf age of the rice, keeping a shallow water layer in the field, at the N-N-1 leaf age of the rice, after natural drying, rehydrating the field until the N-N +3 leaf age of the rice, and after the N-N +3 leaf age of the rice, alternately drying and wetting the field;
providing a rice fertilizer, wherein the total nitrogen content of the rice fertilizer is 2/3 of the total nitrogen content of conventional rice fertilization, the rice fertilizer consists of 40% of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer and 60% of slow-release and controlled-release compound fertilizer by 100% of the total nitrogen content of the rice fertilizer, the release period of the slow-release and controlled-release compound fertilizer is 30-40 days, and the rice fertilizer is applied to the field when the leaves of the rice are N-N-2 leaves, wherein N is the number of main stem leaves of the rice, and N is the number of extended internodes of the main stem base of the rice.
2. The planting method of direct seeding rice nitrogen-saving one-time fertilization as claimed in claim 1, wherein the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is urea with nitrogen content of 46%.
3. The planting method of the direct seeding rice nitrogen-saving one-time fertilization as claimed in claim 2, wherein the controlled-release compound fertilizer is a compound fertilizer with the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium being 15: 15: 15 to a sustained and controlled release compound fertilizer.
4. The planting method of direct seeding rice with nitrogen-saving one-time fertilization as claimed in claim 1, wherein the field is naturally dried until the soil and water potential is-25 kPa and then rehydrated.
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| CN114223482A (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2022-03-25 | 云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所 | Cultivation method for rice by one-time fertilization |
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