CN112112863B - 一种串接式液压劈裂装置 - Google Patents

一种串接式液压劈裂装置 Download PDF

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CN112112863B
CN112112863B CN202011028219.4A CN202011028219A CN112112863B CN 112112863 B CN112112863 B CN 112112863B CN 202011028219 A CN202011028219 A CN 202011028219A CN 112112863 B CN112112863 B CN 112112863B
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oil
cylinder
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CN112112863A (zh
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何虹钢
蒋易强
闫有喜
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Sichuan Fengcheng Zhihe Enterprise Management Co.,Ltd.
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Yibin University
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/08Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
    • F15B15/14Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
    • F15B15/1404Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type in clusters, e.g. multiple cylinders in one block
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21CMINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C37/00Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
    • E21C37/06Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole
    • E21C37/08Devices with pistons, plungers, or the like, pressed locally against the wall of the borehole
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/08Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
    • F15B15/14Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
    • F15B15/1423Component parts; Constructional details
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/08Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
    • F15B15/14Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
    • F15B15/1423Component parts; Constructional details
    • F15B15/1428Cylinders
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/08Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
    • F15B15/14Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
    • F15B15/1423Component parts; Constructional details
    • F15B15/1447Pistons; Piston to piston rod assemblies
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/08Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
    • F15B15/14Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
    • F15B15/1423Component parts; Constructional details
    • F15B15/1447Pistons; Piston to piston rod assemblies
    • F15B15/1452Piston sealings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/20Other details, e.g. assembly with regulating devices
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/71Multiple output members, e.g. multiple hydraulic motors or cylinders
    • F15B2211/7107Multiple output members, e.g. multiple hydraulic motors or cylinders the output members being mechanically linked

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种串接式液压劈裂装置,属于矿山施工领域。其技术方案:油缸包括缸体、活塞和缸盖,缸体内安装活塞,缸体端部安装缸盖;活塞整体为阶梯轴,缸体径向靠近活塞小端一侧设置上下两个回油口;缸体径向靠近缸盖位置设置上下两个进油口;多个油缸串接在一起,并通过连接环连接;相邻两个油缸的进油口通过液压软管连通,相邻两个油缸的回油口通过液压软管连通。本发明采用多个油缸串接使用,单个油缸损坏后可以方便的进行更换,降低劈裂棒设备使用维护成本;多个油缸之间存在一定自由度,从根本上解决了岩石孔洞不规则引起的劈裂棒应力集中问题。

Description

一种串接式液压劈裂装置
技术领域
本发明涉及岩石劈裂装置,属于矿山施工领域。
背景技术
劈石机是一种运用液压机械方式对岩石进行劈裂的高效裂碎设备。在矿山开采及建筑土石方工程中不能使用炸药的情况下,使用劈石机破碎岩石具有较佳的劈石效果。
专利CN105003264A公布了一种液压岩劈裂机的劈裂系统。该技术方案是:包括劈裂块和中间楔块,中间楔块插入相互配合两对称劈裂块之间,所述劈裂块的楔面设置有凹槽,所述的凹槽内设置有滚针或滚珠,所述的中间楔块两楔面上设有条形槽,所述的条形槽内填充有硬质合金。该技术方案在现有楔形块式劈裂棒基础上增加了滚针或者滚珠,以及通过设置硬质合金保护楔块的两个楔形面。与常规楔形块式劈裂棒存在同样的问题:劈裂棒撑开幅度十分有限,劈裂棒使用条件受到限制;由于岩石钻孔不规整,造成劈裂棒局部受力,引起劈裂棒弯折损坏。
专利CN204646238U公开了一种劈石机的劈裂棒,其使用方法为,先通过钻孔设备在岩石上钻削出圆柱孔,再将劈裂棒放入圆柱孔中,再由液压泵为劈裂棒供给液压油,劈裂棒内的液压逐步增高,并推动劈裂棒内的活塞伸出将岩石裂开。该技术存在的问题是:岩石上钻出的圆柱孔并非每一个都达标,可能由于施工人员的疏忽或者设备的缺陷导致圆柱孔形状不规则,由于劈裂棒将岩石裂开的过程中劈裂棒各处受压较大,当圆柱孔不规则情况较为严重时,就会使劈裂棒各处由于受力不均而出现裂缝或者整体被折断的情况。最终导致整套劈裂棒设备报废的情况。这种情况无疑提高了使用劈裂棒劈裂岩石的成本,造成生产资料的浪费。
专利CN106150499A公布了一种分体劈裂棒。其方案是:分体劈裂棒,包括棒壳、密封端盖、设置于密封端盖的接 头组以及设置于棒壳内驱动活塞伸缩的液压系统,其中,棒壳包括若干个首尾堆叠的液压 缸以及若干连接件,液压缸的一端具有凸台,所述液压缸的另一端具有与凸台形状相适应的凹槽,液压缸的凸台伸入下一液压缸的凹槽;连接件具连接部分与限位部分,连接部分为螺纹杆状,限位部分开有连接盲孔,连接盲孔分为头部的拧紧孔和尾部的螺纹孔,连接件的连接部分伸入下一个连接件的连接盲孔并螺纹连接螺纹孔;液压缸均开有连接通孔,连接通孔分为限位段与互接段,连接件的连接部分穿过互接段、连接件的限位部分伸入限位段中。
该技术方案与现有技术相比,将原本一体成型的棒体变为若干个首尾堆叠液压缸,一体成型的棒壳只要一处现裂缝或者一处被折断就会导致整个劈裂棒报废。而该技术方案由于各种因素导致液压缸损坏时,只需要卸下损坏的液压缸,换上新的液压缸即可,不至于抛弃整个劈裂棒,从而降低了本方案的使用成本。但是该技术方案即将多个油缸串联使用,油缸缸体之间刚性连接,不能从根本上避免岩石上钻出的圆柱不规则引起的劈裂棒受力不均匀的问题。
综上所述,现有液压劈裂棒,采用小型化设计以降低岩石开孔尺寸,会面临劈裂棒因为岩石孔洞不规则引起劈裂棒受力不均,造成劈裂棒变形损坏的问题。若是采用增加劈裂棒缸体壁厚,以增加其强度;则会面临劈裂棒直径过大,需要开设较大岩石孔洞,增加了前期施工成本等问题。因此,本发明提出一种具有一定自适应性的液压劈棒,相关技术的创新和研发具有较大应用价值。
发明内容
本发明的目的:提出一种具有一定自适应性的液压劈棒,在劈裂棒小型化的同时,能够适应不规则岩石孔洞的劈裂作业。
为达到上述目的,本发明采取的技术方案如下。
一种串接式液压劈裂装置,包括油缸和连接环,其特征在于:油缸包括缸体、活塞和缸盖,缸体内安装活塞,缸体端部安装缸盖;活塞整体为阶梯轴,缸体径向靠近活塞小端一侧设置上下两个回油口;缸体径向靠近缸盖位置设置上下两个进油口;多个油缸串接在一起,并通过连接环连接;相邻两个油缸的进油口通过液压软管连通,相邻两个油缸的回油口通过液压软管连通。
活塞大端设置在缸体内并与缸体之间设置密封圈,活塞小端伸出缸体;缸体在活塞伸出端的另一端设置缸盖并用螺栓连接。
所述连接环为一体式结构,所述连接环包括圆环和拉杆,多个圆环并排布置,相邻两个圆环通过拉杆连接;所述圆环套在油缸外部中间位置。
所述连接环为包含纤维骨架的橡胶材质,或者为包含纤维骨架的聚乙烯材质。
还包括保护套,其特征在于:所述保护套由长条形柔性材质缠绕到相邻两个油缸之间,并通过抱箍固定到油缸上。所述保护套为纤维编制而成并在表面设置聚乙烯保护层。
本发明具有的有益效果是:1、本发明采用多个油缸串接使用,单个油缸损坏后可以方便的进行更换,降低劈裂棒设备使用维护成本;2、多个油缸之间存在一定自由度,在劈裂作业过程中,油缸之间可以相对活动,从根本上解决了岩石孔洞不规则引起的劈裂棒应力集中问题;3、通过活动连接,油缸受力大为改善,有利于将油缸小型化设计,降低岩石开孔大小,提高施工效率。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述油缸收拢状态的结构简图。
图2为本发明所述油缸伸出状态的结构简图。
图3为本发明所述连接环结构简图
图中:1.缸体;2.活塞;3.缸盖;4.密封圈;5.液压软管;6.连接环;7.保护套;8.抱箍;11.回油口;12.进油口;61.圆环;62.拉杆。
具体实施方式
本发明不受下述实施实例的限制,可以根据本发明的技术方案和实际情况来确定具体的实施方式。下面结合附图对本发明作以下描述。上、下、左、右等的位置关系是依据说明书附图1的布局方向来确定的。
油缸包括缸体1、活塞2和缸盖3,缸体1整体为圆筒形,缸体1内安装活塞2,缸体1端部安装缸盖3。活塞2整体为阶梯轴,活塞2大端设置在缸体1内并与缸体1之间设置密封圈4,活塞2小端伸出缸体1。缸体1在活塞2伸出端的另一端设置缸盖3并用螺栓连接。
缸体1径向,靠近活塞2小端一侧设置上下两个回油口11;缸体1径向靠近缸盖3位置设置上下两个进油口12。
多个油缸串接在一起,并通过设置在油缸中间的连接环6连接。所述连接环6为一体式结构,所述连接环6包括圆环61和拉杆62,多个圆环61并排布置,相邻两个圆环61之间设置拉杆62;所述圆环61套在油缸外部中间位置。所述连接环6为包含纤维骨架的橡胶材质。
通过液压软管5将相邻两个油缸的进油口12连通,通过液压软管5将相邻两个油缸的回油口11连通。相邻两个油缸之间,设置保护套7,所述保护套7整体为圆筒形,并将两端通过抱箍8固定到油缸上,所述保护套7为柔性材质。保护套7由长条形柔性材质缠绕到相邻两个油缸之间,并通过抱箍8固定到油缸上。所述保护套7为纤维编制而成并在外表面设置聚乙烯保护层。
本发明的原理是:多个油缸串联在一起,通过缸体1上安装的连接环6固定到一起。油缸的进油口12相互连通,安装完成后,通过进油口12注入高压液压油,驱动活塞2伸出并撑开岩石。在活塞2伸出过程中,各个油缸之间可以存在一定活动幅度,避免岩石孔洞形状不规则引起缸体1局部应力集中。劈裂完成后,通过回油口11注入液压油,同时进油口12泄压,推动活塞2回程,活塞2收拢后取出劈裂装置。

Claims (1)

1.一种串接式液压劈裂装置,包括油缸和连接环,其特征在于:油缸包括缸体、活塞和缸盖,缸体内安装活塞,缸体端部安装缸盖;活塞整体为阶梯轴,缸体径向靠近活塞小端一侧设置上下两个回油口;缸体径向靠近缸盖位置设置上下两个进油口;多个油缸串接在一起,相邻两个油缸通过连接环连接;相邻两个油缸的进油口通过液压软管连通,相邻两个油缸的回油口通过液压软管连通;
活塞大端设置在缸体内并与缸体之间设置密封圈,活塞小端伸出缸体;缸体在活塞伸出端的另一端设置缸盖并用螺栓连接;
所述连接环为一体式结构,所述连接环包括圆环和拉杆,多个圆环并排布置,相邻两个圆环通过拉杆连接;所述圆环套在油缸外部中间位置;
所述连接环为包含纤维骨架的橡胶材质,或者为包含纤维骨架的聚乙烯材质;
所述装置还包括保护套,所述保护套由长条形柔性材质缠绕到相邻两个油缸之间,并通过抱箍固定到油缸上;所述保护套为纤维编制而成并在表面设置聚乙烯保护层。
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