CN112111289A - Method for decomposing land and ocean organic solid wastes based on molecular flash - Google Patents
Method for decomposing land and ocean organic solid wastes based on molecular flash Download PDFInfo
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- CN112111289A CN112111289A CN202010956883.9A CN202010956883A CN112111289A CN 112111289 A CN112111289 A CN 112111289A CN 202010956883 A CN202010956883 A CN 202010956883A CN 112111289 A CN112111289 A CN 112111289A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G7/00—Distillation of hydrocarbon oils
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for treating land and marine organic solid wastes based on molecular flash decomposition, and relates to the technical field of land organic solid wastes, marine plastic wastes and offshore drilling platform oil sludge treatment; in order to solve the problems of high safety, high operation cost, substandard discharge, low added value, poor compatibility and the like of organic solid waste treatment, the molecular flash decomposition technology of continuous feeding, continuous reaction and continuous oil discharge is invented, the working efficiency and the working quality are improved, and no waste water is discharged; the device comprises an automatic feeding system, a reaction kettle, a primary decarbonization device, a secondary decarbonization device and a tertiary treatment device, wherein the reaction kettle comprises a reaction kettle main body, a feeder and a driving rotating mechanism, and a feeding hole is formed in one side of the top of the reaction kettle main body; the method comprises the following steps: selecting plastic wastes, oil-based mud and miscellaneous goods oil sludge from land and ocean as raw materials, and crushing the raw materials to reach the quantization size of 2 CM; and feeding through an automatic conveying system. The method utilizes all organic (hydrocarbon) solid wastes as raw materials, does not need secondary cleaning after crushing, achieves the aim of preparing fuel oil and carbon powder by heating and dry distillation, carbon separation and gaseous oil cooling, and has strong practicability and high reliability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of land and ocean organic solid waste treatment, in particular to a method for treating land and ocean organic solid waste based on molecular flash decomposition.
Background
The land organic solid waste mainly comprises oil sludge and plastic waste, marine organic solid waste mainly comprises plastic waste, offshore drilling platform oil-based mud and the like, the organic solid waste is basically formed by polymerization reaction of olefin in petroleum serving as a raw material, is a solid macromolecular material with very strong plasticity, is called polyolefin by chemical name, has about ten thousand of molecular weight, and can be used for preparing liquid oil by using waste plastic serving as a raw material in part of processes in order to realize source pollution control, accurate pollution control, scientific and technological pollution control and resource recycling and achieve sustainable development; although the existing process for preparing fuel oil and carbon powder by adopting waste plastics can realize the preparation of liquid oil, the problems of poor preparation effect and high carbon content in the prepared liquid oil exist.
Through search, the patent with the Chinese patent application number of CN201510214782.3 discloses a process for extracting gasoline and diesel oil by utilizing waste plastics in a domestic garbage landfill, which comprises the steps of pretreatment of the waste plastics, cracking and catalytic fractionation of the waste plastics and oil gas recovery of the waste plastics. The above patents suffer from the following disadvantages: the problems of poor preparation effect, no compatibility and high carbon content and low added value in the prepared liquid oil exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides a method for decomposing land and ocean organic solid wastes based on molecular flashing.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a device for decomposing land and ocean organic solid wastes based on molecular flash comprises a reaction kettle, a primary decarbonization device, a secondary decarbonization device and a tertiary treatment device, wherein the reaction kettle comprises a reaction kettle main body, a feeder and a driving rotating mechanism, a feed inlet is formed in one side of the top of the reaction kettle main body, and the feeder is arranged on the inner wall of one side of the reaction kettle main body below the feed inlet; the driving rotating mechanism is fixed on the outer wall of one side of the reaction kettle main body through screws, a rotating main shaft is mounted on the inner wall of the top of the reaction kettle main body through a bearing seat, an ash tray and a combustion object tray which are matched with the inner wall of the reaction kettle main body are respectively fixed on the side wall of the bottom of the rotating main shaft through screws, and the combustion object tray is positioned above the ash tray; the output end of the driving rotating mechanism is connected to the outer side wall of the ash tray through gear transmission; the outer wall of the top of the comburent tray is provided with a leak hole; the side wall of the reaction kettle main body is provided with a heat insulation layer, and the outer wall of one side of the heat insulation layer is provided with a fuel inlet matched with the comburent tray; the combustion object tray rotates on the inner wall of the heat insulation layer through a limiting guide rail, the ash content tray is connected to the inner wall of the heat insulation layer in a sliding mode through a limiting guide wheel, the rotating main shaft is of a hollow structure, the bottom of the rotating main shaft is provided with air blowing ports, and the circumferential side wall of the rotating main shaft is provided with air blowing outlets which are uniformly distributed; the height of the blowing outlet is higher than the outer wall of the top of the comburent tray; a baffle is arranged between the reaction kettle main body and the feeder, and the baffle divides the reaction kettle main body into a combustion chamber and a material chamber; the bottom of the baffle is embedded with uniformly distributed heated discs, and one side of the top of the material chamber, which is far away from the feed inlet, is provided with a smoke outlet; the rotating main shaft is positioned on the side wall of the material chamber and is welded with rotating rods distributed circumferentially, and the outer wall of the bottom of each rotating rod is fixed with uniformly distributed scraping pieces through screws; and a carbon outlet is formed in the outer wall of one side of the material chamber.
Preferably: the feeder comprises a magnetic speed reducing motor and a rotating shaft, wherein the output end of the magnetic speed reducing motor is connected to the outer wall of one end of the rotating shaft through a speed reducer in a transmission way; magnetic force gear motor passes through the screw fixation in reation kettle main part one side outer wall, and the integral type is provided with the slope flight on the circumference outer wall of rotation axis, slope flight size and reation kettle main part inner wall adaptation, and rotation axis one end below is provided with the feed opening, puddler one side inner wall rotates and is connected with by motor drive's (mixing) shaft, and the circumference outer wall integral type of (mixing) shaft is provided with the puddler.
Further: an ash outlet is formed in the bottom of the reaction kettle main body, an ash scraping plate is fixed to the inner side wall of the bottom of the reaction kettle main body through screws, and the ash scraping plate is located above the ash tray; and the position of the ash scraping plate is matched with the ash outlet, and a 10cm multiplied by 200cm opening is formed in one side of the outer wall of the top of the ash tray.
Further preferred is: a carbon powder falling channel is welded at one end of the carbon outlet, an inner half-pipe cavity and an outer half-pipe cavity are arranged at one end of the carbon powder falling channel, the bottoms of the inner half-pipe cavity and the outer half-pipe cavity are both arc-shaped structures, and water is filled in the inner half-pipe cavity and the outer half-pipe cavity; the top outer wall of the carbon powder falling channel, which is positioned between the inner half-pipe cavity and the outer half-pipe cavity, is welded with a middle height limiting plate for sealing the inner half-pipe cavity and the outer half-pipe cavity; the outer wall of one side of the outer half pipe cavity is welded with a carbon outlet height limiting plate, and the height of the top end of the carbon outlet height limiting plate is higher than that of the bottom end of the middle height limiting plate; interior half pipe die cavity and outer half pipe die cavity inner wall rotate through interior rotatory carbon axle and outer rotatory carbon axle respectively and are connected with two sets of carbon pieces of scraping, and fall carbon dust passageway one side outer wall and all have magnetic motor through the screw fixation, and interior rotatory carbon axle and outer rotatory carbon axle one end of going out all rotate the output of connecting in magnetic motor.
As a preferable aspect of the present invention: the primary decarbonization device is arranged at a smoke outlet at the top of the reaction kettle main body and comprises a primary decarbonization motor and a primary decarbonization rotating shaft, the primary decarbonization rotating shaft is arranged on the outer wall of the top of the reaction kettle main body through a bearing outer sleeve, the primary decarbonization motor is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the top end of the primary decarbonization rotating shaft through a speed reduction transmission mechanism, a wind wheel side wall is arranged between the reaction kettle main body and the smoke outlet, and a first wind wheel matched with the wind wheel side wall is fixed at the bottom end of the primary decarbonization rotating shaft through screws; the first wind wheel comprises an upper fixing plate, a wind sheet and a lower fixing plate, the wind sheet is in a conical barrel structure, and the cone angle is 45 degrees; the diameter of the lower fixing plate is larger than that of the upper fixing plate, and the diameter of the wind piece is larger than that of the lower fixing plate.
Further preferred as the invention: the second grade removes carbon device and includes secondary chamber and cavity baffle, secondary chamber top outer wall is provided with steam inlet, and secondary chamber one side outer wall is provided with steam inlet, and secondary chamber connects in outlet flue one end outer wall through steam inlet, the crisscross both sides inner wall of installing in secondary chamber of distributing of cavity baffle, the secondary chamber below is equipped with the basin, and the secondary chamber bottom is immersed in the basin water body.
As a still further scheme of the invention: a circulating water pipe is arranged in the hollow baffle in a penetrating manner and is connected with a circulating water tank through a circulating pump; an ash removing opening is formed in the inner wall of one side of the water tank; the height of the outer wall of the bottom of the secondary treatment chamber is 8-12 cm lower than that of the outer wall of the top of the water tank.
On the basis of the scheme: the inner wall of one side of the secondary treatment chamber is rotatably connected with a rocker arm, the circumferential outer wall of the rocker arm is fixed with uniformly distributed ash scraping plates through screws, and the ash scraping plates and the hollow baffle plates are in staggered distribution.
On the basis of the foregoing scheme, it is preferable that: the three-stage treatment device comprises a three-stage treatment chamber and hollow cooling baffles distributed in the three-stage treatment chamber in a staggered manner; an oil steam inlet is formed in one side of the third-stage treatment chamber, an oil steam outlet and an oil outlet are formed in the other side of the third-stage treatment chamber respectively, and the oil outlet is formed in the bottom of the third-stage treatment chamber; the third-stage treatment chamber is connected to one end of the steam inlet of the second-stage treatment chamber through an oil steam inlet. It is further preferable on the basis of the foregoing scheme that: the oil vapor outlet is internally provided with a second wind wheel, the outer wall of one side of the oil vapor outlet is fixed with a power mechanism through screws, the output end of the power mechanism can be rotatably connected to the outer wall of one end of the second wind wheel through a shaft, and the inner wall of one side of the oil vapor outlet, which is close to the power mechanism, is provided with a noncondensable waste gas outlet.
A method for decomposing land and ocean organic solid wastes based on molecular flashing comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting wastes mainly containing organic solid wastes from land and sea as raw materials, screening and drying the wastes according to different raw materials, and crushing the organic solid wastes;
s2: feeding through an automatic conveying system, automatically igniting a main furnace through external fuel gas, and starting feeding through a feeder when the temperature of the reaction kettle is raised to a stable temperature of 550 ℃;
s3: conveying the waste plastics into a reaction kettle main body without oxygen by a feeder, and performing heating and dry distillation to open a molecular chain in the waste plastics in 0.02S and perform flash explosion to generate vaporous organic matters;
s4: driving gaseous organic matters to a secondary treatment chamber through a primary carbon remover and a smoke outlet in 2S; then the oil reaches the third-stage treatment chamber through the second-stage treatment chamber and is condensed to generate primary fuel oil;
s5: the generated primary fuel oil is filled into a rectifying tower for rectification;
s6: the scraping sheet is controlled to scrape carbon powder generated by the material chamber into the carbon outlet, and the magnetic motor drives the scraping sheet to output the carbon powder from the outer half pipe cavity;
s7: and collecting the liquid oil after rectification and the carbon powder output by the cavity of the outer half pipe.
Preferably: in the step S1, when the plastic raw material is pulverized, the particle diameter after pulverization is controlled within 10 mm.
Preferably: in the step S4, the rectification process specifically includes: the generated primary fuel oil is filled into a rectifying tower, the rectifying kettle is heated to 320-360 ℃ through high-temperature flue gas in the steps S2 and S3, so that the primary fuel oil is changed into gas again, oil gas is modified and filtered through a packed tower filled with a catalyst on a furnace, then the oil gas enters a condenser to be condensed into liquid, and the rectification is finished; and the rectification residual liquid is returned to the main body of the reaction kettle.
Preferably: in the steps S2 and S3, the generated non-condensable fuel gas passes through a closed pipeline with an anti-backfire device, is pressurized by a compressor and then is used as the fuel of the main body of the reaction kettle again.
Preferably: the rotating speed of the second wind wheel is controlled to be 1200-1800 r/min.
Preferably: the number of turns of the inclined spiral piece is more than 3, and the reduction ratio of the speed reducer is controlled to be 1: 16.
Preferably: in the step S4, the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas in the rectification process for heating the rectification kettle is further limited to 330-350 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention utilizes organic solid wastes from land and ocean as raw materials, does not need secondary cleaning after crushing, realizes the purpose of preparing fuel oil and carbon powder by temperature rise dry distillation, carbon separation and gaseous oil cooling, and has strong practicability and high reliability.
2. Because the separation of carbon and oil is difficult, the invention separates carbon to the utmost extent before oil gas condensation, reduces the content of carbon in oil as much as possible, improves the product quality, simultaneously reduces the high-temperature detention period as much as possible in order to obtain oil as much as possible and cool quickly, and avoids the phenomenon that the oil gas is cracked for the second time to generate non-condensable fuel gas to a great extent.
3. In the aspect of liquefying the gaseous oil, the invention not only adopts simple cooling, but also needs a centrifugal measure, so that the gaseous oil is more comprehensive and thorough to liquefy.
4. The structure of the rotating main shaft, the blowing port and the like is arranged, so that air can be supplied to the blowing port and blown out from the blowing outlet when a user puts in a combustion object through the fuel inlet for combustion, the purpose of improving the combustion efficiency is achieved, the heating effect of the material on the baffle is better by matching with the heating disc, in addition, the structure of the driving rotating mechanism and the like is arranged, the rotating main shaft can be controlled to rotate based on the driving rotating mechanism, the blowing outlet synchronously rotates for blowing, and the air flowing effect is further improved; through setting up rotary rod and carbon outlet for the rotary rod can scrape the material along with rotating the synchronous drive of main shaft and scrape the tablet, scrape into carbon outlet with the carbon powder that produces in, do benefit to further processing.
5. The feeding is facilitated by arranging the structures such as the inclined spiral piece and the rotating shaft, and meanwhile, the stirring shaft, the stirring rod and the like are arranged, so that the feeding can be assisted in a stirring mode, the phenomena of hollowness and the like caused by material accumulation are avoided, and the oxygen-free feeding is facilitated; through setting up ash content scraper blade and ash content export, can utilize the ash content tray pivoted in, block the ash content through the ash content scraper blade to discharge into the ash content export through 10cm x 200cm mouth with the ash content.
Through setting up magnetic motor, interior rotatory carbon axle and the outer rotatory carbon axle that goes out, and because full water body in interior half pipe die cavity and the outer half pipe die cavity, when carbon gets into interior half pipe die cavity through falling carbon dust passageway, send into outer half pipe die cavity through the gap of interior rotatory carbon axle and scraping carbon piece with carbon through middle limit for height board, discharge after the rethread outer rotatory carbon axle that goes out rotates carbon and releases carbon mouthful limit for height board, whole process has ensured the continuity of carbon emission, cooling and splashproof purpose have been played simultaneously, and the reliability is improved.
6. Through the wind piece that sets up the toper section of thick bamboo structure, can get rid of the ash content in the oil steam under the centrifugal force effect on the lateral wall, the reactor falls back again under the action of gravity to play the effect of scraping the ash when the ash content wall built-up, because first wind wheel and wind wheel lateral wall adaptation, avoided getting rid of the ash content that will remove down into the outlet flue, promoted the reliability, through setting up the cavity baffle, can block the ash content branch in the oil steam of process, promoted the decarbonization effect.
7. Through setting up circulating pipe isotructure, can give the carbon dust passageway cooling of falling with water circulative cooling's mode, make the oil steam that has the ash content get into the back from steam inlet and the striking of cavity baffle, because inertial action, ash content reducing speed, through striking the ash content constantly reduction repeatedly, oil steam after purifying the cooling is discharged from steam inlet, has further promoted the decarbonization effect.
8. Through setting up ash scraping plate isotructure, can be convenient for hang when the cavity baffle at heavy oil and ash content to the mode of rotatory rocking arm drives ash scraping plate, scrapes heavy oil and ash content and drops in the basin, accumulates a certain amount back, and the deashing mouth of following basin one side discharges.
9. Through setting up crisscross hollow cooling baffle who distributes, when the oily steam that contains a small amount of ashes imports from steam inlet, constantly with hollow cooling baffle contact cooling, to the temperature that oily steam outlet department temperature falls to the requirement, have partly oil and a small amount of ashes to hang on hollow cooling baffle simultaneously, owing to be liquid, constantly flow to tertiary treatment chamber bottom and finally discharge from the oil-out.
10. Through setting up the second wind wheel, can condense into liquid oil with the oil gas of centrifuge lower temperature to make it flow back to in tertiary treatment chamber, finally discharge by the oil-out, promoted the reliability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a reaction kettle main body of a device for decomposing land and marine organic solid wastes based on molecular flash provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a feeder of the device based on molecular flash decomposition of land and marine organic solid wastes, provided by the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a carbon powder falling channel of a device for land and marine organic solid wastes decomposition based on molecular flash decomposition according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a carbon scraping sheet of a device for decomposing land and marine organic solid wastes based on molecular flashing, provided by the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a primary decarbonizer of a device based on molecular flash land and marine organic solid wastes according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a first wind wheel of the device for decomposing organic solid wastes on land and sea based on molecular flashing;
FIG. 7 is a schematic top sectional structural view of a secondary treatment chamber of an apparatus for land and marine organic solid waste decomposition based on molecular flash according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a secondary treatment chamber of the device for decomposing land and marine organic solid wastes by molecular flash in a front view;
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-stage treatment chamber of a device for decomposing land and marine organic solid wastes based on molecular flashing, provided by the invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a second wind wheel of the device for decomposing organic solid wastes on land and sea based on molecular flashing.
In the figure: 1 reaction kettle main body, 2 driving rotating mechanism, 3 gear, 4 ash tray, 5 comburent tray, 6 blowing port, 7 ash scraping plate, 8 ash outlet, 9 fuel inlet, 10 heat-insulating layer, 11 carbon outlet, 12 scraping plate, 13 rotating rod, 14 feeder, 15 feeding port, 16 rotating main shaft, 17 primary decarbonizer, 18 smoke outlet, 19 heated plate, 20 blowing outlet, 21 stirring shaft, 22 stirring rod, 23 blanking port, 24 inclined spiral plate, 25 rotating shaft, 26 magnetic decelerating motor, 27 reducer, 28 carbon powder falling channel, 29 inner half pipe cavity, 30 outer half pipe cavity, 31 carbon outlet height limiting plate, 32 outer rotating carbon outlet shaft, 33 middle height limiting plate, 34 inner rotating carbon outlet shaft, 35 carbon scraping plate, 36 magnetic motor, 37 primary decarbonizing motor, 38 wind wheel side wall, 39 first wind wheel, 40 primary decarbonizing rotating shaft, 41 bearing jacket, 42 lower fixing plate, 9 ash scraping plate, 8 ash outlet, 9 fuel inlet, 10 heat-insulating layer, 11 carbon outlet, 12 carbon scraping plate, 13 rotating rod, 14 rotating feeder, 43 wind blades, 44 upper fixing plates, 45 ash scraping plates, 46 rocker arms, 47 ash cleaning ports, 48 hollow baffles, 49 circulating water pipes, 50 water tanks, 51 secondary treatment chambers, 52 steam inlets, 53 steam outlets, 54 oil steam inlets, 55 hollow cooling baffles, 56 tertiary treatment chambers, 57 oil steam outlets, 58 oil outlets, 59 second wind wheels, 60 noncondensable waste gas outlets and 61 power mechanisms.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present patent will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments.
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present patent, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary only for the purpose of explaining the present patent and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent.
In the description of this patent, it is to be understood that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for the convenience of describing the patent and for the simplicity of description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting of the patent.
In the description of this patent, it is noted that unless otherwise specifically stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "disposed" are to be construed broadly and can include, for example, fixedly connected, disposed, detachably connected, disposed, or integrally connected and disposed. The specific meaning of the above terms in this patent may be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
Example 1:
a device for decomposing organic solid wastes on land and ocean based on molecular flash comprises a reaction kettle, a primary decarbonization device, a secondary decarbonization device and a tertiary treatment device, wherein the reaction kettle comprises a reaction kettle main body 1, a feeder 14 and a driving rotating mechanism 2, a feed port 15 is formed in one side of the top of the reaction kettle main body 1, and the feeder 14 is arranged on the inner wall of one side, located below the feed port 15, of the reaction kettle main body 1; the driving rotating mechanism 2 is fixed on the outer wall of one side of the reaction kettle main body 1 through screws, a rotating main shaft 16 is installed on the inner wall of the top of the reaction kettle main body 1 through a bearing seat, an ash tray 4 and a comburent tray 5 which are matched with the inner wall of the reaction kettle main body 1 are respectively fixed on the side wall of the bottom of the rotating main shaft 16 through screws, and the comburent tray 5 is positioned above the ash tray 4; the output end of the driving rotating mechanism 2 is connected to the outer side wall of the ash tray 4 through a gear 3 in a transmission way; the outer wall of the top of the comburent tray 5 is provided with a leak hole; the side wall of the reaction kettle main body 1 is provided with a heat insulation layer 10, and the outer wall of one side of the heat insulation layer 10 is provided with a fuel inlet 9 matched with the comburent tray 5; the combustion object tray 5 rotates on the inner wall of the heat insulation layer 10 through a limiting guide rail, the ash content tray 4 is connected to the inner wall of the heat insulation layer 10 in a sliding mode through a limiting guide wheel, the rotating main shaft 16 is of a hollow structure, the bottom of the rotating main shaft 16 is provided with an air blowing port 6, and the circumferential side wall of the rotating main shaft 16 is provided with air blowing outlets 20 which are uniformly distributed; the height of the blowing outlet 20 is higher than the outer wall of the top of the comburent tray 5; a baffle is arranged between the reaction kettle main body 1 and the feeder 14, and the baffle divides the reaction kettle main body 1 into a combustion chamber and a material chamber; the bottom of the baffle is embedded with uniformly distributed heated discs 19, and the top of the material chamber, far away from the feed inlet 15, is provided with a smoke outlet 18; the rotating main shaft 16 is positioned on the side wall of the material chamber and is welded with rotating rods 13 which are distributed circumferentially, and the outer wall of the bottom of each rotating rod 13 is fixed with uniformly distributed scraping blades 12 through screws; a carbon outlet 11 is formed in the outer wall of one side of the material chamber; through the arrangement of the rotating main shaft 16, the blowing port 6 and other structures, when a user inputs combustion substances through the fuel inlet 9 for combustion, air can be supplied to the blowing port 6 and blown out from the blowing outlet 20, so that the purpose of improving the combustion efficiency is achieved, and the heating effect of the materials on the baffle is better by matching with the heated plate 19; through setting up rotary rod 13 and carbon outlet 11 for rotary rod 13 can scrape the material along with rotating 16 synchronous drives of main shaft and scrape tablet 12, scrapes into carbon outlet 11 with the carbon powder that produces in, does benefit to further processing.
To facilitate feeding; as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the feeder 14 includes a magnetic deceleration motor 26 and a rotating shaft 25, and an output end of the magnetic deceleration motor 26 is drivingly connected to an outer wall of one end of the rotating shaft 25 through a speed reducer 27; the magnetic speed reducing motor 26 is fixed on the outer wall of one side of the reaction kettle main body 1 through screws, the inclined spiral piece 24 is integrally arranged on the circumferential outer wall of the rotating shaft 25, the size of the inclined spiral piece 24 is matched with that of the inner wall of the reaction kettle main body 1, the lower part of one end of the rotating shaft 25 is provided with the feed opening 23, the inner wall of one side of the stirring rod 22 is rotatably connected with the stirring shaft 21 driven by the motor, and the stirring rod 22 is integrally arranged on the circumferential outer wall of the stirring; through setting up slope flight 24, rotation axis 25 isotructure, do benefit to the feeding, set up (mixing) shaft 21, puddler 22 isotructure simultaneously, can avoid the material to pile up phenomenon such as appearance cavity in the supplementary pay-off of form with stirring, do benefit to and realize the anaerobic pay-off.
To facilitate the discharge of ash; as shown in fig. 1, an ash outlet 8 is arranged at the bottom of the reaction kettle main body 1, an ash scraper 7 is fixed on the inner side wall of the bottom of the reaction kettle main body 1 through screws, and the ash scraper 7 is positioned above the ash tray 4; the position of the ash scraping plate 7 is matched with the ash outlet 8, and a 10 cm-200 cm opening is formed in one side of the outer wall of the top of the ash tray 4; through setting up ash content scraper blade 7 and ash content export 8, can utilize ash content tray 4 to rotate the time, block the ash content through ash content scraper blade 7 to discharge the ash content into in the ash content export 8 through 10cm x 200cm mouth.
In order to facilitate carbon discharge; as shown in fig. 1, 3 and 4, a carbon powder falling channel 28 is welded at one end of the carbon outlet 11, an inner half-pipe cavity 29 and an outer half-pipe cavity 30 are arranged at one end of the carbon powder falling channel 28, the bottoms of the inner half-pipe cavity 29 and the outer half-pipe cavity 30 are both arc-shaped structures, and water is filled in the inner half-pipe cavity 29 and the outer half-pipe cavity 30; the top outer wall of the carbon falling powder channel 28 between the inner half-pipe cavity 29 and the outer half-pipe cavity 30 is welded with a middle height limiting plate 33 for sealing the inner half-pipe cavity 29 and the outer half-pipe cavity 30; a carbon outlet height limiting plate 31 is welded on the outer wall of one side of the outer half pipe cavity 30, and the height of the top end of the carbon outlet height limiting plate 31 is higher than that of the bottom end of the middle height limiting plate 33; the inner walls of the inner half-pipe cavity 29 and the outer half-pipe cavity 30 are respectively rotatably connected with two groups of carbon scraping sheets 35 through an inner rotating carbon outlet shaft 34 and an outer rotating carbon outlet shaft 32, the outer wall of one side of the carbon falling powder channel 28 is fixed with a magnetic motor 36 through screws, and one ends of the inner rotating carbon outlet shaft 34 and one end of the outer rotating carbon outlet shaft 32 are rotatably connected with the output end of the magnetic motor 36; through setting up magnetic motor 36, internal rotation goes out carbon axle 34 and external rotation goes out carbon axle 32, and because interior half pipe die cavity 29 and the interior water that is full of outer half pipe die cavity 30, when carbon when entering into interior half pipe die cavity 29 through falling carbon dust passageway 28 passageway, in sending into outer half pipe die cavity 30 through internal rotation goes out carbon axle 34 and scrapes carbon piece 35 with carbon through the gap of middle limit for height board 33, discharge behind the rethread external rotation goes out carbon axle 32 rotation and pushes out carbon mouth limit for height board 31, whole process has ensured the continuity of carbon emission, the purpose of cooling and splashproof has been played simultaneously, the reliability has been promoted.
In order to improve the carbon removal effect; as shown in fig. 1, 5 and 6, the primary decarbonization device is installed at a smoke outlet 18 at the top of the reaction kettle main body 1, the primary decarbonization device comprises a primary decarbonization motor 37 and a primary decarbonization rotating shaft 40, the primary decarbonization rotating shaft 40 is installed on the outer wall of the top of the reaction kettle main body 1 through a bearing outer sleeve 41, the primary decarbonization motor 37 is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the top end of the primary decarbonization rotating shaft 40 through a speed reduction transmission mechanism, a wind wheel side wall 38 is arranged between the reaction kettle main body 1 and the smoke outlet 18, and a first wind wheel 39 matched with the wind wheel side wall 38 is fixed at the bottom end of the primary decarbonization rotating shaft 40 through screws; the first wind wheel 39 comprises an upper fixing plate 44, a wind blade 43 and a lower fixing plate 42, wherein the wind blade 43 is in a conical barrel structure, and the cone angle is 45 degrees; the diameter of the lower fixing plate 42 is larger than that of the upper fixing plate 44, and the diameter of the wind blade 43 is larger than that of the lower fixing plate 42; through the wind vane 43 that sets up the toper section of thick bamboo structure, can get rid of the ash content in the oil steam under the centrifugal force effect on the lateral wall, the reactor that falls back again under the action of gravity to play the effect of scraping the ash when the ash content wall built-up, because first wind wheel 39 and wind wheel lateral wall 38 adaptation, avoided getting rid of the ash content that will remove into outlet flue 18, promoted the reliability.
In order to improve the carbon removal effect; as shown in fig. 7 and 8, the secondary decarbonization device comprises a secondary treatment chamber 51 and a hollow baffle 48, a steam inlet 52 is formed in the outer wall of the top of the secondary treatment chamber 51, a steam inlet 53 is formed in the outer wall of one side of the secondary treatment chamber 51, the secondary treatment chamber 51 is connected to the outer wall of one end of the smoke outlet 18 through the steam inlet 52, the hollow baffle 48 is installed on the inner walls of two sides of the secondary treatment chamber 51 in a staggered manner, a water tank 50 is arranged below the secondary treatment chamber 51, the bottom of the secondary treatment chamber 51 is immersed in the water tank 50, and by arranging the hollow baffle 48, ash in passing oil steam can be blocked, so that the decarbonization effect is improved.
In order to further improve the carbon removal effect; as shown in fig. 7 and 8, a circulating water pipe 49 is installed inside the hollow baffle 48 in a penetrating manner, and the circulating water pipe 49 is connected with a circulating water tank through a circulating pump; an ash removal port 47 is formed in the inner wall of one side of the water tank 50; the height of the outer wall of the bottom of the secondary treatment chamber 51 is 8-12 cm lower than that of the outer wall of the top of the water tank 50; through setting up circulating pipe 49 isotructures, can give the carbon dust passageway 28 cooling of falling with hydrologic cycle refrigerated mode, make the oil steam that has the ash content from steam inlet 52 entering back and 48 clashes with cavity baffle, because inertia effect, ash content reducing speed, through striking the ash content repeatedly and constantly reducing, oil steam after purifying the cooling is discharged from steam inlet 53, has further promoted the decarbonization effect.
In order to improve the carbon removal effect; as shown in fig. 7 and 8, the inner wall of one side of the secondary treatment chamber 51 is rotatably connected with a rocker arm 46, the circumferential outer wall of the rocker arm 46 is fixed with evenly distributed ash scraping plates 45 through screws, and the ash scraping plates 45 and the hollow baffle plates 48 are in staggered distribution; through setting up scraper 45 isotructure, can be convenient for when heavy oil and ash hang on hollow baffle 48 to the mode of rotatory rocking arm 46 drives scraper 45, scrapes heavy oil and ash and drops in basin 50, accumulates a certain amount after, discharges from deashing mouth 47 of basin 50 one side.
In order to facilitate the collection of oil and gas; as shown in fig. 9, the three-stage treatment apparatus includes three-stage treatment chambers 56 and hollow cooling baffles 55 staggered within the three-stage treatment chambers 56; an oil steam inlet 54 is formed in one side of the tertiary treatment chamber 56, an oil steam outlet 57 and an oil outlet 58 are respectively formed in the other side of the tertiary treatment chamber 56, and the oil outlet 58 is formed in the bottom of the tertiary treatment chamber 56; the tertiary treatment chamber 56 is connected to one end of the steam inlet 53 of the secondary treatment chamber 51 through the oil steam inlet 54; through setting up crisscross hollow cooling baffle 55 that distributes, when the oil steam that contains a small amount of ashes from steam inlet import, constantly with hollow cooling baffle 55 contact cooling, reach oil steam outlet 57 temperature drop to the temperature that meets the requirements, have partly oil and a small amount of ashes to hang on hollow cooling baffle 55 simultaneously, owing to be liquid, constantly flow to tertiary treatment chamber 56 bottom and finally discharge from oil-out 58.
In order to facilitate the condensation of oil gas with lower temperature into liquid oil; as shown in fig. 10, a second wind wheel 59 is arranged inside the oil vapor outlet 57, a power mechanism 61 is fixed on the outer wall of one side of the oil vapor outlet 57 through screws, the output end of the power mechanism 61 can be rotatably connected to the outer wall of one end of the second wind wheel 59 through a shaft, and a noncondensable waste gas outlet 60 is formed in the inner wall of one side of the oil vapor outlet 57 close to the power mechanism 61; through the arrangement of the second wind wheel 59, oil gas at a lower temperature can be condensed into liquid oil by a centrifugal machine, so that the liquid oil flows back into the tertiary treatment chamber 56 and is finally discharged from the oil outlet 58, and the reliability is improved.
In the embodiment, when the reaction kettle is used, a power supply is switched on, materials are fed into a material chamber in the reaction kettle main body 1 through the feeder 14, and the materials are fed into a combustion chamber through the fuel inlet 9 to be combusted and heated, so that air is supplied to the air blowing port 6 and blown out from the air blowing outlet 20, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the combustion efficiency, and the materials on the baffle plate are better heated by matching with the heated plate 19, in addition, due to the arrangement of the structures such as the driving rotating mechanism 2, the rotating main shaft 16 can be controlled to rotate based on the driving rotating mechanism 2, so that the air blowing outlet 20 synchronously rotates to blow air, and the air flowing effect is further improved; through the arrangement of the rotating rod 13 and the carbon outlet 11, the rotating rod 13 can synchronously drive the scraping sheet 12 to scrape materials along with the rotation of the main shaft 16, generated carbon powder is scraped into the carbon outlet 11, when carbon enters the inner half-pipe cavity 29 through the carbon powder falling channel 28, the carbon is sent into the outer half-pipe cavity 30 through the gap of the middle height limiting plate 33 through the inner rotating carbon outlet shaft 34 and the carbon scraping sheet 35, and then is pushed out of the carbon outlet height limiting plate 31 through the rotation of the outer rotating carbon outlet shaft 32 and then is discharged, the continuity of carbon discharge is guaranteed in the whole process, the purposes of cooling and splash prevention are achieved, and the reliability is improved; the first wind wheel 39 is matched with the wind wheel side wall 38, so that the removed ash is prevented from being thrown into the smoke outlet 18, and the reliability is improved; by arranging the hollow baffle 48, ash in passing oil steam can be blocked, and the carbon removal effect is improved; through the arrangement of the circulating water pipe 49 and other structures, the falling carbon powder channel 28 can be cooled in a water circulation cooling mode, so that oil steam with ash content enters from the steam inlet 52 and collides with the hollow baffle 48, the ash content is reduced by the inertia effect, the ash content is reduced by repeated collision, the oil steam after purification and cooling is discharged from the steam inlet 53, and the carbon removal effect is further improved; by arranging the ash scraping plate 45 and other structures, when heavy oil and ash are hung on the hollow baffle plate 48, the ash scraping plate 45 is driven in a manner of rotating a rocker, the heavy oil and the ash are scraped and fall into the water tank 50, and after a certain amount of heavy oil and ash are accumulated, the heavy oil and the ash are discharged from the ash cleaning port 47 at one side of the water tank 50; by arranging the hollow cooling baffles 55 in staggered distribution, when oil steam containing a small amount of ash is imported from the steam inlet, the oil steam is continuously contacted with the hollow cooling baffles 55 to reduce the temperature until the temperature at the oil steam outlet 57 is reduced to the temperature meeting the requirement, and meanwhile, a part of oil and a small amount of ash are hung on the hollow cooling baffles 55 and continuously flow to the bottom of the three-stage treatment chamber 56 and are finally discharged from the oil outlet 58 due to liquid state; through the arrangement of the second wind wheel 59, oil gas at a lower temperature can be condensed into liquid oil by a centrifugal machine, so that the liquid oil flows back into the tertiary treatment chamber 56 and is finally discharged from the oil outlet 58, and the reliability is improved.
Example 2:
a method for decomposing organic solid wastes on land and sea based on molecular flashing, as shown in fig. 1-10, comprising the following steps:
s1: selecting organic solid wastes from land and ocean as raw materials, screening and drying the raw materials according to different raw materials, and crushing the raw materials;
s2: feeding through an automatic conveying system, automatically igniting a main furnace through external fuel gas, and starting feeding through a feeder 14 when the temperature of the reaction kettle is raised to a stable temperature of 550 ℃;
s3: waste plastics are conveyed by a feeder 14 without oxygen to enter the reaction kettle main body 1 for heating and dry distillation, so that a molecular chain in the waste plastics is opened in 0.02S and the waste plastics are subjected to flash explosion to generate vaporous organic matters;
s4: driving the gaseous organic matters in the 2S to a secondary treatment chamber 51 through a primary decarbonizer 17 and a smoke outlet 18; further through the secondary treatment chamber 51 to the tertiary treatment chamber 56, where it is condensed to produce a primary fuel oil;
s5: the generated primary fuel oil is filled into a rectifying tower for rectification;
s6: the scraping sheet 12 is controlled to scrape carbon powder generated by the material chamber into the carbon outlet 11, and then the magnetic motor 36 drives the carbon scraping sheet 35 to output the carbon powder from the outer half pipe cavity 30;
s7: the rectified liquid oil and the carbon powder output by the outer half-pipe cavity 30 are collected.
In order to increase the oil carbon yield, a high heating rate is necessary, so that the material is required to have a sufficiently small particle size, and the particle diameter after pulverization is controlled within 10mm when the plastic raw material is pulverized in the step S1.
In the step S4, the rectification process specifically includes: the generated primary fuel oil is filled into a rectifying tower, the rectifying kettle is heated to 320-360 ℃ through high-temperature flue gas in the steps S2 and S3, so that the primary fuel oil is changed into gas again, oil gas is modified and filtered through a packed tower filled with a catalyst on a furnace, then the oil gas enters a condenser to be condensed into liquid, and the rectification is finished; the rectification residual liquid is returned to the reaction kettle main body 1.
In the steps S2 and S3, the generated non-condensable fuel gas has a high combustion value, passes through a closed pipeline with an anti-backfire device, is pressurized by a compressor and then is used as the fuel of the reaction kettle main body 1 again.
The rotating speed of the second wind wheel 59 is controlled to be 1200-1800 r/min.
The number of turns of the inclined spiral piece 24 is more than 3, and the reduction ratio of the speed reducer 27 is controlled to be 1: 16.
In the step S4, the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas in the rectification process for heating the rectification kettle is further limited to 330-350 ℃.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for decomposing land and ocean organic solid wastes based on molecular flashing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: selecting organic solid waste as a raw material, screening and drying the organic solid waste according to different raw materials, and crushing the raw material;
s2: feeding through an automatic conveying system, automatically igniting a main furnace through external fuel gas, and starting feeding through a feeder (14) when the temperature of the reaction kettle is raised to a stable temperature of 550 ℃;
s3: waste plastics are conveyed by a feeder (14) without oxygen to enter a reaction kettle main body (1) for heating and dry distillation, so that a molecular chain in the waste plastics is opened in 0.02S and the waste plastics are subjected to flash explosion to generate vaporous organic matters;
s4: the gaseous organic matters are driven to a secondary treatment chamber (51) in 2S through a primary decarbonizer (17) and a smoke outlet (18); further passes through the secondary treatment chamber (51) to the tertiary treatment chamber (56) and is condensed to generate primary fuel oil;
s5: the generated primary fuel oil is filled into a rectifying tower for rectification;
s6: the carbon powder generated by the material chamber is scraped into the carbon outlet (11) by the scraping sheet (12) under the control, and then the carbon scraping sheet (35) is driven by the magnetic motor (36) to output the carbon powder from the outer half-pipe cavity (30);
s7: collecting the liquid oil after rectification and the carbon powder output by the outer half-pipe cavity (30).
2. The method for decomposing solid wastes on land and sea based on molecular flash as claimed in claim 1, wherein the particle diameter after pulverization is controlled within 10mm when the plastic raw material is pulverized in step S1.
3. The method for decomposing land and marine organic solid wastes based on molecular flashing according to claim 2, wherein in the step of S4, the rectification process specifically comprises the following steps: the generated primary fuel oil is filled into a rectifying tower, the rectifying kettle is heated to 320-360 ℃ through high-temperature flue gas in the steps S2 and S3, so that the primary fuel oil is changed into gas again, oil gas is modified and filtered through a packed tower filled with a catalyst on a furnace, then the oil gas enters a condenser to be condensed into liquid, and the rectification is finished; the rectification residual liquid is returned to the reaction kettle main body (1).
4. The method for decomposing organic solid wastes on land and sea based on molecular flashing as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the steps S2 and S3, the generated non-condensable fuel gas passes through a closed pipeline with an anti-backfire device, is pressurized by a compressor and then is reused as fuel of the reaction kettle main body (1).
5. The method for decomposing land and sea organic solid wastes based on molecular flashing according to claim 1, wherein the rotating speed of the second wind wheel (59) is controlled to 1200-1800 r/min.
6. The method for the molecular flash based land and marine organic solid wastes according to claim 1, wherein the number of turns of the inclined spiral plate (24) is more than 3, and the reduction ratio of the speed reducer (27) is controlled to be 1: 16.
7. The method and the device for decomposing the land and ocean organic solid wastes based on the molecular flash as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the step S4, the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas in the rectification process for heating the rectification kettle is further limited to 330-350 ℃.
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