CN112107680B - 一种mRNA-脂质体复合物及其应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于生物工程以及医药领域,具体涉及一种将带修饰的mRNA导入细胞的mRNA‑脂质体复合物及其应用、制备方法等等。本发明mRNA‑脂质体复合物含有转染试剂以及至少一种带修饰的mRNA。非显而易见地,本发明的mRNA‑脂质体复合物可以采用局部递送的方式,高效地介导mRNA对多个器官的体内转染。细胞内递送修饰mRNA,导致基因表达,可以用于研究特定基因的生物的功能,也可以纠正/治疗由于基因缺失或基因表达功能低下引起的疾病,此外,可以作为核酸疫苗,预防传染病和治疗癌症。此外,本发明的mRNA‑脂质体复合物施用操作十分简便,且安全有效。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物工程以及医药领域,涉及一种将含有修饰的mRNA以及脂质体的mRNA-脂质体复合物及其应用、制备方法。
背景技术
目前重组蛋白类生物药在疾病治疗和预防应用中变得越来越重要。将编码蛋白的DNA或RNA通过合适的载体引入细胞,指导细胞蛋白质的合成,不失为简单有效和更经济的方法。目前已经开发出病毒载体和非病毒载体,用于向细胞递送DNA或RNA外源基因。病毒载体存在一定的从复制缺陷型突变到野生型,甚至可能导致细胞发生诱变的风险。病毒载体的制备复杂、繁琐,并具有强免疫原性[1]。以阳离子脂质体和聚合物为代表的非病毒载体通过转染过程将有生物活性的大分子,如质粒DNA、siRNA、mRNA和蛋白质传递到细胞中,该过程在体外是高效的[2]。核酸通过静电作用与转染试剂形成复合物,随后通过内吞作用被细胞吸收[3]。与病毒相比,这些非病毒载体具有简单、易于合成和放大、免疫原性低等优点,但在各种体内应用中效率通常不如病毒载体[4]。
许多基因疗法采用质粒DNA来驱动基因表达,并已在人体上进行了多个临床试验[5]。尽管外源DNA整合到宿主基因组中导致突变的可能性极低,但仍然存在[1]。而mRNAs不存在这方面的问题。等量的mRNA可以比DNA更有效产生蛋白质,因为mRNA是单链分子,它的大部分是编码序列,5'和3'序列通常较短,而质粒DNA是双链分子,只有一条链参与基因表达,同时它还携带许多与基因表达没有直接关系的质粒骨架序列。此外,DNA必须通过细胞膜和核膜双重屏障才能发挥其功能,这是已知的转染限速步骤,而mRNA的翻译可以在细胞质中发生。mRNAs本身具备激活机体先天性免疫反应和细胞因子释放的佐剂活性,从而可以增强对癌细胞的整体细胞毒性作用,使疫苗更有效,非常适合以开发核酸疫苗[7,8]。
然而,由于普遍存在的核糖核酸酶活性,天然mRNA的半衰期非常短;mRNA的稳定性差是限制其应用的瓶颈之一[9,10]。最近,自我复制RNA病毒被用来延长细胞内RNA的半衰期[11,12]。通过引入核苷酸类似物,如假尿苷(pseudouridine),可以大大提高mRNA稳定性,同时降低了mRNA的免疫原性。5’帽结构、多聚A尾、3’和5’非翻译区域(UTRSs)对于mRNA在细胞内的稳定性和高效翻译都有很重要的意义[7、12、15]。
裸露的mRNA在一定程度上能够自发穿过脂质双层膜,到达细胞质内,被翻译成蛋白[16]。编码肿瘤特异性抗原的mRNA通过淋巴节内递送可以产生细胞免疫反应[17]。基因枪或体内电穿孔等物理递送方法在小鼠中可以有效递送mRNA,但在人类或其他大型动物中应用时,效果有限[18,19]。更多的是使用各种载体,用来增强细胞对mRNA的摄取和基因表达,以提高核酸疫苗的功效[20,21]。
多聚物和阳离子脂质体是目前mRNA的递送载体之一。当脂质体或多聚体与细胞混合后,通过内吞作用或类似机制被细胞吸收,加载到脂质体上的mRNA在体内释放到靶细胞中,由此产生蛋白质并分泌血液循环中,因此这些靶细胞起到了生产这种蛋白质的仓库的作用[27]。通过皮内、皮下或肌肉局部注射后,蛋白质表达主要局限于注射部位,有持续表达的作用[25],并在注射部位持续缓慢释放抗原[26]。临床试验中已经在使用经皮注射的编码肿瘤抗原mRNA-鱼精蛋白复合物[22]。另一些以脂质为基础的聚合物,如Lipofectamine(invitrogen)或Mirus-Trans IT-mRNA可以在培养细胞条件下有效转染mRNA,但是这类转染试剂毒性较高[23]。现有的核酸-阳离子脂质体结构多数为由磷脂双分子层覆盖的杆状或由此组装的结构[37,38]。
体外内具有转染活性的核酸-阳离子脂质体复合物多数为阳离子脂质体过量的,携带净正电荷的复合物。这样的复合物在有体液存在时会与蛋白分子相互作用,形成大粒径的团聚物,容易在肺部毛细血管处形成堵塞,进而转染肺部毛细血管内皮细胞,部分达到肝和脾,主要由巨噬细胞吞噬[39,40]。
当局部注射时,核酸-阳离子脂质体复合物往往受粒径和正电荷的影响,无法从注射部位扩散到组织的其他部位,只能转染位于注射针穿过部位的少数细胞[41]。
目前仍然需要转染效率更高的、更安全有效的mRNA载体。脂质纳米粒(LNPs)由pH敏感的阳离子类脂和中性辅助磷脂,通过微流体混合方式,自组装成100-300nm大小的纳米颗粒结构[24]。经静脉注射后LNP自发结合血液中的脂蛋白E,作为肝细胞的天然配体,靶向肝脏。然而,LNPS的制备需要一套昂贵的精密仪器,采用相对复杂的脂类配方,和相应的技能才能完成,更适合于较大批量的制备。对于研究机体对核酸抗原的免疫反应,以及核酸疫苗的开发,需要一种非常简单实用的方法,能够很容易地制备mRNA纳米复合物,能够在局部递送后介导有效的mRNA转染和蛋白质表达。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种可局部注射的mRNA-脂质体纳米复合物。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种可有效诱导强的免疫应答的mRNA-脂质体纳米复合物。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种安全性好的mRNA-脂质体纳米复合物。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种转染效率高的mRNA-脂质体纳米复合物。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种该mRNA-脂质体纳米复合物的制备方法以及应用等。
本发明的上述目的通过以下技术方案实现:
在一个方面,本发明提供了一种mRNA-脂质体复合物,所述mRNA-脂质体复合物包括脂质体以及至少一种mRNA;所述mRNA至少经过一种修饰,使其在体内具有稳定性以及提升转染效果。
在一些实施例中,所述转染试剂包含式I所述的脂多胺以及一种或多种提高转染活性的辅助脂:
其中,R1独立地为H或(X-Y-Z)结构的替代物;
X=(CH2)i;所述i=1-12;
Y=—C(O)NH—,—NHC(O)—,—CH2—,—O—,—C(O)O—,或—C(O)—:
Z=长度为4-40个碳原子的直链或支链烷基链或烯基链;其中所述链具有0至6个双键;
其中R2是(X-Y-Z)m结构的替代物;
X=(CH2)i;所述i=1-12;
Y=—C(O)NH—,—NHC(O)—,—CH2—,—O—,—C(O)O—,或—C(O)—:
Z=长度为4-40个碳原子的直链或支链烷基链或烯基链;其中所述链具有0至6个双键;
其中,m至少为1或1-2n之间的整数。
在一些实施例中,所述是亚精胺(spermidine,SPMD),精胺(spermine,SPM),三(2-氨乙基)胺(tris-(2-aminoethyl)amine,TEA),五亚乙基六胺(pentaethylenehexamine,PEHA),支化聚乙烯亚胺(branched polyethylenimine,PEI),PAMAM树突状分子G0(PAMAM dendrimer G0),PAMAM树突状分子G1(PAMAM dendrimer G1),DAB-Am4聚合物(DAB-Am4 dendrimer),DAB-Am8聚合物(DAB-Am8 dendrimer),或DAB-Am 16聚合物(DAB-Am 16dendrimer);X是—CH 2—,Y是—C(O)NH—,Z是油烯基(oleyl),和m至少是1或1-2n之间的整数。
在一些实施例中,所述辅助脂选自胆甾醇或其衍生物,单酰基或二酰基磷脂酰胆碱,单酰基或二酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺,单酰基或二酰基磷脂酰丝氨酸,二油酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺(DOPE),单链脂肪醇,单链脂肪酸和单链脂肪胺中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中,所述辅助脂选自二油酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺(DOPE)。在一些实施例中,所述mRNA包含以下至少一种化学修饰:尿苷突变为假尿苷、加cap 1结构、加3'UTRs、加tPA、加5'UTRs、加至少一种MHC I类表位、加至少一种MHC II类表位。
在一些实施例中,所述mRNA包含以下至少一种化学修饰:尿苷突变为假尿苷、加cap1结构、加3'UTRs、加5'UTRs、加tPA、加MITD。
在一些实施例中,所述mRNA中的尿苷突变为假尿苷。
在一些实施例中,所述mRNA中的尿苷突变为以及加cap 1结构。
在一些实施例中,所述mRNA尿苷突变为假尿苷、加cap 1结构、加3'UTRs和加5'UTRs。
在一些实施例中,所述mRNA中尿苷突变为假尿苷、加cap 1结构、加3'UTRs、加5'UTRs和加tPA。
在一些实施例中,所述mRNA中尿苷突变为假尿苷、加cap 1结构、加3'UTRs、加5'UTRs、加tPA和加MITD。
在一些实施例中,所述mRNA至少编码一种抗原。
在一些实施例中,所述抗原可以是内源性抗原,例如在肿瘤组织中过度表达的肿瘤相关抗原或已知的肿瘤特异性抗原或通过对活体肿瘤组织进行外显子测序后发现的由于基因突变产生的肿瘤新生抗原(neoantigen),也可以是从活体肿瘤组织总RNA提取物中用RT-PCR方法放大,并用体外转录得到的肿瘤mRNA[42]。
在一些实施例中,所述抗原选自肿瘤抗原、癌症疾病中表达的突变抗原、传染病抗原、退行性疾病抗原、特应性疾病抗原或自体免疫疾病抗原中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中,所述肿瘤抗原包括但不选自以下群组:OVA、5T4,707-AP,9D7,AFP,AlbZIPHPG1,α5β1-整联蛋白,α5β6-整联蛋白,α-甲基酰基-辅酶A消旋酶,ART-4,B7H4,BAGE-1,BCL-2,BING-4,CA15-3/CA27-29,CA19-9,CA72-4,CA125,钙网蛋白,CAMEL,CASP-8,组织蛋白酶B,组织蛋白酶L,CD19,CD20,CD22,CD25,CD30,CD33,CD4,CD52,CD55,CD56,CD80,CEA,CLCA2,CML28,Coactosin-样蛋白,胶原蛋白XXIII,COX-2,CT-9/BRD6,Cten,细胞周期蛋白B1,细胞周期蛋白D1,cyp-B,CYPB1,DAM-10/MAGE-B1,DAM-6/MAGE-B2,EGFR/Her1,MMPRIN,EpCam,EphA2,EphA3,ErbB3,EZH2,FGF-5,FN,Fra-1,G250/CAIX,GAGE-1,GAGE-2,GAGE-3,GAGE-4,GAGE-5,GAGE-6,GAGE-7b,GAGE-8,GDEP,GnT-V,gp100,GPC3,HAGE,HAST-2,hepsin,Her2/neu/ErbB2,HERV-K-MEL,HNE,同源框NKX3.1,HOM-TES-14/SCP-1,HOM-TES-85,HPV-E6,HPV-E7,HST-2,hTERT,iCE,IGF-1R,IL-13Ra2,IL-2R,IL-5,未成熟层粘连蛋白受体,激肽释放酶-2,激肽释放酶-4,Ki67,KIAA0205,KK-LC-1,KM-HN-1,LAGE-1,Livin,MAGE-A1,MAGE-A10,MAGE-A12,MAGE-A2,MAGE-A3,MAGE-A4,MAGE-A6,MAGE-A9,MAGE-B1,MAGE-B10,MAGE-B16,MAGE-B17,MAGE-B2,MAGE-B3,MAGE-B4,MAGE-B5,MAGE-B6,MAGE-C1,MAGE-C2,MAGE-C3,MAGE-D1,MAGE-D2,MAGE-D4,MAGE-E1,MAGE-E2,MAGE-F1,MAGE-H1,MAGEL2,mammaglobinA,MART-1/Melan-A,MART-2,基质蛋白22,MC1R,M-CSF,Mesothelin,MG50/PXDN,MMP11,MN/CAIX-抗原,MRP-3,MUC1,MUC2,NA88-A,N-乙酰葡糖胺转移酶-V,Neo-PAP,NGEP,NMP22,NPM/ALK,NSE,NY-ESO-1,NY-ESO-B,OA1,OFA-iLRP,OGT,OS-9,骨钙蛋白,骨桥蛋白,p15,p190minorbcr-abl,p53,PAGE-4,PAI-1,PAI-2,PAP,PART-1,PATE,PDEF,Pim-1-激酶,Pin1,POTE,PRAME,prostein,蛋白酶-3,PSA,PSCA,PSGR,PSM,PSMA,RAGE-1,RHAMM/CD168,RU1,RU2,S-100,SAGE,SART-1,SART-2,SART-3,SCC,Sp17,SSX-1,SSX-2/HOM-MEL-40,SSX-4,STAMP-1,STEAP,存活蛋白,TA-90,TAG-72,TARP,TGFb,TGFbRII,TGM-4,TRAG-3,TRG,TRP-1,TRP-2/6b,TRP-2/INT2,Trp-p8,酪氨酸酶,UPA,VEGF,VEGFR-2/FLK-1,WT1。
在一些实施例中,所述肿瘤抗原也可以是一种具有强抗原性的外源抗原,例如卵清蛋白或卵白蛋白(OVA)。经免疫之后表达该抗原的肿瘤细胞会诱发强烈的针对该蛋白的细胞毒免疫反应,杀死表达该外源抗原的肿瘤细胞。在巨噬细胞/树突状细胞处理被杀死的肿瘤细胞的时候,会发现并提呈肿瘤内抗原性较弱的内源性肿瘤抗原,产生针对细胞内源性抗原的细胞毒免疫反应。
在一些实施例中,所述肿瘤抗原选自卵白蛋白OVA。本领域公知,OVA是常用的开发治疗性癌症疫苗的模型抗原;发明人采用含有OVA mRNA-脂质体复合物免疫之后,观察到很强的体液和细胞毒性免疫反应,可以推知,其他的肿瘤抗原也有类似的体液和细胞毒性免疫反应。
在一些实施例中,所述肿瘤抗原选自卵白蛋白OVA基因中编码241号氨基酸-339号氨基酸部分。
在一些实施例中,所述卵白蛋白OVA抗原的DNA序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示。
在一些实施例中,所述癌症疾病中表达的突变抗原选自以下群组:α-辅肌动蛋白-4/m,ARTC1/m,bcr/abl,β-联蛋白/m,BRCA1/m,BRCA2/m,CASP-5/m,CASP-8/m,CDC27/m,CDK4/m,CDKN2A/m,CML66,COA-1/m,DEK-CAN,EFTUD2/m,ELF2/m,ETV6-AML1,FN1/m,GPNMB/m,HLA-A*0201-R170I,HLA-A11/m,HLA-A2/m,HSP70-2M,KIAA0205/m,K-Ras/m,LDLR-FUT,MART2/m,ME1/m,MUM-1/m,MUM-2/m,MUM-3/m,I类肌球蛋白/m,Neo-PAP/m,NFYC/m,N-Ras/m,OGT/m,OS-9/m,p53/m,Pml/RARa,PRDX5/m,PTPRK/m,RBAF600/m,SIRT2/m,SYT-SSX-1,SYT-SSX-2,TEL-AML1,TGFbRII,TPI/m。
在一些实施例中,所述传染病抗原是细菌抗原。
在一些实施例中,所述传染病抗原是真菌抗原。
在一些实施例中,所述传染性疾病抗原是病毒抗原。
在一些具体实施方式中,病毒抗原是来自以下群组:痘病毒、小痘病毒、埃博拉病毒、马尔堡病毒、登革热病毒、流感病毒、副流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、麻疹病毒、人类免疫缺陷病毒、人类乳头瘤病毒、水痘-带状疱疹病毒、单纯疱疹病毒、细胞巨化病毒、EB病毒、JC病毒、棒状病毒、轮状病毒、鼻病毒、腺病毒、乳头瘤病毒、细小病毒、小核糖核酸病毒、脊髓灰质炎病毒、引起腮腺炎的病毒、引起狂犬病的病毒、呼吸道肠道病毒、风疹病毒、外衣病毒、粘病毒、逆转录病毒、嗜肝DNA病毒、柯萨奇病毒、委内端拉马脑脊髓炎病毒、日本脑炎病毒、黄热病毒、裂谷热病毒、甲肝病毒、乙肝病毒、丙肝病毒、丁肝病毒、戊肝病毒的抗原。
在一些实施例中,所述传染病抗原选自以下群组:ADsA、结核杆菌的抗原TbH9(也称作Mtb 39A),即一种结核抗原。其它结核抗原包括、但不限于:DPV(也称作Mtb8.4)、381、Mtb41、Mtb40、Mtb32A、Mtb9.9A、Mtb9.8、Mtb16、Mtb72f、Mtb59f、Mtb88f、Mtb71f、Mtb46f和Mtb31f(“f”指示它是融合体或2个或更多个蛋白)。
在一些实施例中,所述传染病抗原选自金黄色葡萄球菌抗原ADsA;ADsA,作为预防性多肽疫苗,用于预防多耐药超级细菌,目前正在临床试验中。发明人采用含有ADsA的mRNA纳米复合物免疫之后,也观察到很强的体液和细胞毒性免疫反应。
在一些实施例中,所述传染病抗原金黄色葡萄球菌抗原ADsA的DNA如SEQ ID NO:2所示。。
在一些实施例中,所述退行性疾病抗原选自以下群组:Aβ(1–42)、Tau protein,α-synuclein(α-Syn)。
在一些实施例中,所述自体免疫疾病抗原选自可选自现有技术中的免疫疾病抗原。本领域公知,治疗自体免疫疾病的免疫方法可以采用诱导自体抗原的免疫耐受或诱导针对表达自体抗原抗体的淋巴细胞的免疫反应两种方法。所述mRNA-脂质体除了运载自体免疫疾病抗原,还可以共运抑制性细胞因子如TGF-β等等,通过局部递送转染细胞。
在一些实施例中,所述脂质体选自脂多胺、DPOE的组合物。
所述的脂多胺具有如下结构式:
所述脂多胺和DPOE质量比为1-10:1-10w/w。
在一个实施例中,所述脂多胺和DPOE质量比为1:2w/w。
在一些实施例中,所述脂质体也称作InstantFECT。
在一些实施例中,所述mRNA-脂质体复合物中mRNA与脂质体的质量体积比为:0.1-20μg:0.1-20μl、优选为0.1-10μg:0.1-10μl、优选为0.5-10μg:0.5-10μl、优选为0.5-5μg:0.5-5μl、优选为0.5μg:1-5μl、优选为0.5μg:2-5μl、优选为0.5μg:4μl、优选为5μg:1-5μl、优选为5μg:3-5μl、或优选为5μg:4μl。
在一些实施例中,所述mRNA-脂质体复合物的制剂形式为局部注射制剂。
在一些实施例中,所述局部注射包括瘤内、肌肉、皮内或皮下。跟现有的核酸脂质复合物不同的是,本发明的mRNA-脂质复合物,通过皮内、皮下或肌肉局部注射后,蛋白质在注射部位持续表达,并在持续缓慢释放抗原,本发明的mRNA-脂质复合物对于另一些以脂质为基础的聚合物(如Lipofectamine(invitrogen)或Mirus-Trans IT-mRNA可以在培养细胞条件下有效转染mRNA,但是这类转染试剂毒性较高[23])来说,具有很高的安全性。
在一些体内应用实施例中,所述mRNA-脂质体复合物带负电。
在一些实施例中,所述mRNA-脂质体复合物中,mRNA覆盖脂质体。类似于毛发状的mRNA分子很好地覆盖单个的脂质体颗粒,形成表面为负电荷的纳米颗粒复合物,完全克服了常规条件下过量的表面正电荷与体液和细胞中带负电荷的组分发挥相互作用,形成大颗粒,造成复合物无法从注射位点扩散到组织深处,无法产生广泛、大面积和长效的转染。
在一些实施例中,所述脂质体的直径为500-400nm;优选为100-400nm;优选为100-300nm;优选为100-250nm;优选100-299nm;优选100-150nm。
在一些实施例中,所述mRNA-脂质体复合物还含有其他药学上可接受的载体。
在另一方面,本发明还提供了所述mRNA-脂质体复合物在用于制备预防、治疗、和/或改善选自癌症或肿瘤疾病,退行性疾病抗原、特应性疾病抗原、自体免疫疾病,传染病,或过敏症或过敏性疾病的任何疾病和病症的药物的用途。
在一个实施例中,本发明提供了所述mRNA-脂质体复合物在制备治疗黑色素瘤的药物的用途。
在一个实施例中,本发明提供了所述所述mRNA-脂质体复合物在治疗金黄色葡萄球菌感染的疾病的药物中的用途。
在另一方面,本发明还提供了一种疫苗,所述疫苗含有所述mRNA-脂质体复合物。
在一些实施例中,所述疫苗为肿瘤疫苗和/或传染病疫苗。
在另一方面,本发明还提供了一种免疫刺激组合物,所述免疫刺激含有mRNA-脂质体复合物。
在另一方面,本发明还提供了所述mRNA-脂质体复合物的制备方法,其包括,将mRNA稀释后,加入所述脂质体,或以连续化在线混合方式制备。mRNA-脂质纳米复合物也可以采用更为可控的微流控(microfluidic)混合系统加以制备。
在一些实施例中,所述mRNA-脂质体复合物的制备方法,将脂质体和mRNA分别用葡萄糖溶液稀释后,以连续化在线混合方式制备。
在一些实施例中,可以将脂质体和mRNA分别用5%的葡萄糖溶液稀释至1:10和0.2mg/ml,然后用蠕动泵或活塞泵或注射器泵或其他精准的液体递送装置,分别递送到一个带有两个进样口和一个出样口,并置有磁力或机械搅拌功能的混合装置,以连续化在线混合方式制备。mRNA-脂质纳米复合物也可以采用更为可控的微流控(microfluidic)混合系统加以制备。
在另一方面,本发明还提供了一种将mRNA递送到细胞内的方法,所述方法包括给受试动物局部注射所述mRNA-脂质体复合物。
在另一方面,本发明还提供了一种诱导免疫应答的方法,所述方法包括给受试动物局部注射有效量所述mRNA-脂质体复合物。在一些实施例中,本发明的mRNA-脂质体复合物还可用于非疾病治疗目的。细胞内递送mRNA,导致基因表达,可以作为一种体内实验研究手段,用于研究特定基因的生物的功能,也可以用于研究在动物模型中纠正/治疗由于基因缺失或基因表达功能低下引起的疾病,此外,可以作为核酸疫苗,激发强烈的体液以及细胞毒T细胞免疫反应,研究在动物模型中的预防传染病和治疗癌症方面的应用。
在另一方面,本发明还提供了一种治疗传染性疾病的方法,所述方法包括给受试动物局部注射有效量所述mRNA-脂质体复合物。
在另一方面,本发明还提供了一种治疗肿瘤的方法,所述方法包括给受试动物局部注射有效量所述mRNA-脂质体复合物。
在一些实施例中,所述诱导免疫应答的方法、治疗传染性疾病的方法、或治疗肿瘤的方法中,其中所述mRNA-脂质体复合物施用量为0.0001-10mg mRNA/50μl注射体积;优选0.001-1mg mRNA/50μl注射体积;优选0.001-0.1mg mRNA/50μl注射体积;优选0.001-0.01mg mRNA/50μl注射体积;优选0.001-0.005mg mRNA/50μl注射体积;或优选0.005mgmRNA/50μl注射体积。
在一些实施例中,所述动物选自山羊、牛、猪、狗、猫、驴、猴、猿、小鼠、大鼠、仓鼠、兔或人。
上述技术方案中的一个技术方案具有如下优点或有益效果:
本发明的一个技术方案中,所述mRNA-脂质体复合物中,mRNA经过修饰,尤其是甲尿苷修饰,或者是假尿苷和Cap的修饰,使得mRNA在体内更加稳定,且诱导的炎症活性(pro-inflammentory)也比天然mRNA小很多。且带修饰的mRNA与所述脂质体形成的复合物,其局部注射后,不会泄露到血液中,具有很高的安全性。而同样是带修饰的mRNA与现有的脂质体Trans IT组合后,会发生血液泄露。
本发明的一个技术方案中,采用独特的转染试剂,开发出简单,高效和重现性好的体内纳米mRNA递送系统,可以经肿瘤内、皮下、皮内和肌肉内等局部注射后,介导高效,大面积转染,和持续长达4天的蛋白表达。用分别编码金黄色葡萄球菌抗原(ADAa,作为用于预防多耐药超级细菌的多肽疫苗,目前正在临床试验中),和卵白蛋白OVA(作为开发治疗性癌症疫苗的模型抗原)的mRNA-脂质体复合物免疫之后,观察到很强的体液和细胞毒性免疫反应。
本发明的一个技术方案中,新颖mRNA-脂质体复合物,可以通过局部给药方式,产生mRNA的持续表达,并诱导干扰素γ介导的免疫激活。InstantFECT将目标mRNA包封,并以低毒高效地转染到细胞中。转染试剂-mRNA复合物能够诱导树突状细胞成熟,并对金黄色葡萄球菌和癌抗原产生强烈的T细胞反应。此外,在小鼠模型中,OVA mRNA-InstantFECT疫苗接种可成功地对B16-OVA黑色素瘤进行肿瘤免疫治疗,这表明这种新型的mRNA-脂质体复合物在体内递送核酸免疫治疗制剂方面有潜在应用价值。
本发明的一个技术方案中,疫苗接种途径对病原体的免疫应答也有影响,每种病原体不同的途径产生激活保护作用。这项研究中,我们发现局部给药的即时感染的转染试剂-mRNA导致了较长时间持续表达。一般来说,肌肉或皮下接种后疫苗会产生较为持久的效果。另一方面,静脉内注射可能导致疫苗成分与血液混合,从而使疫苗失活[34][35],或者疫苗很可能在免疫激活发生之前,被非免疫机制从血液中清除,并可能导致一些系统性副作用(血压升高等)。皮下或肌肉内给药更便宜,更容易给药,药物通过淋巴系统和小毛细血管后,到达循环更慢。静脉注射较难产生局部持续分泌抗原产生的缓释效应[36]。在肌内或皮下注射数天内,本发明的转染试剂-mRNA复合物能产生很强的抗原表达。
本发明的一个技术方案中,mRNA自身携带佐剂功能,可以通过TLR-7激活途径诱导先天性免疫系统的活化,从而进一步诱导MHC驱动的免疫系统激活[8]。我们的研究结果表明,mRNA脂质体复合物导致T细胞的明显扩增和强抗黑色素瘤的活性,这表明这种复合物能够模拟非自身抗原,协同调动先天性和适应性免疫反应。
本发明的一个技术方案中,将荧光素酶的mRNA输送到皮下植入的4T1肿瘤中,其持续表达至少72小时,表明如果将编码一些肿瘤调节剂或免疫调节的mRNA转染,可以协助肿瘤抑制,并可作为与其他癌症疗法的联合疗法。根据治疗和抗原种类,可能有一种或多种这样的靶点,例如,可以通过直接注射抗肿瘤细胞因子或趋化因子mRNA-脂质体复合物到肿瘤中,改变肿瘤微环境,并将免疫细胞吸引到肿瘤部位来,将被称为“冷”肿瘤转变为“热”肿瘤。
总之,经研究数据表明,经修饰的mRNA-脂质体复合物可以在体外和体内局部安全有效地递送mRNA,不会发生泄露,而且,能够导致局部长时间蛋白质产生和刺激强抗原特异性的T细胞反应,可以用于有效治疗癌症、传染病疫者其它疾病。
附图说明
图1 Cap和假尿苷修饰后的mRNA比天然mRNA表现出更好的表达效率a.与稳定和功能相关的mRNA主要结构单元。检测表达蛋白的标记(tPA:组织纤溶酶原激活剂,MITD:MHC-I靶向域,UTR:未翻译区域)。b.用500ng未修饰的EGFP-mRNA转染的HEK293细胞。c.HEK 293细胞用500ng假尿苷cap1-EGFP基因转染。该实验中,所有体外转染都是使用Messenger-MaxLipofectamine。比例尺,100μm
图2 InstantFECT显示了很高的转染效率,没有明显的细胞毒性。a.负染条件下InstantFECT脂质体以及mRNA复合物的透射电镜图像。当脂质体直径在100-150nm左右,与mRNA复合时似乎更能保持颗粒稳定性;b.与Messenger Max-Lipofectamine相比,3,4和5微升InstantFECT-EGFP mRNA复合物对HEK-293细胞的的体外转染结果。标尺=100μm;c.细胞流式分析EGFP荧光比较结果表明,4μl的InstantFECT-EGFP-mRNa复合物比Messenger Max-Lipofectamine更有效。d.XTT分析图,显示用4μl InstantFECT以及4μl InstantFECT-500ng EGFP mRNA转染复合物处理24、48、72和96小时后293细胞的活力。对照组代表未经处理的细胞。单向方差分析检验:P值<0.05,**:P值<0.01,**:P值<0.001,**:P值<0.0001(显著性差异),ns(非显著性差异):P值>0.05。
图3:InstantFECT脂质体通过肌肉注射转染mRNA的效果良好。将不同体积的脂质体与5μg荧光素酶mRNA混合,肌肉内注射。24小时和48小时后麻醉小鼠,腹腔注射荧光素底物,并进行体内成像。b.向小鼠注射3、4和5微升InstantFECT与5微克荧光素酶mRNA复合物,24、48、72和96小时后,进行体内成像。对照组包括脂质体和裸露的mRNA。c.Mirus Trans-IT脂质体与InstantFECT脂质体肌肉注射5μg荧光素酶mRNA复合物后的转染效果比较。对照组为只注射脂质体。
图4:mRNA-InstantFECT脂质体复合物瘤内递送。a.瘤内注射荧光素酶mRNA-InstantFECT复合物在肿瘤中稳定表达长达3天,b.肿瘤冷冻切片证实EGFP mRNA-InstantFECT复合物处理后整个切片呈大面积扩散状高度表达EGFP。
图5 ADsA mRNA-InstantFECT脂质体复合物引起特异性T细胞反应,并诱导树突状细胞成熟a.ADsA mRNA-InstantFECT复合物疫苗接种时间表。两组均为n=3。肌肉注射ADsAmRNA-InstantFECT脂质体后脾细胞的干扰素γELISPOT分析。c.皮下注射ADsA-mRNA脂质体复合物后脾细胞的干扰素γELISPOT分析。阳性对照采用干扰素-γ-ELISPOT试剂盒提供的离子霉素作为诱导剂,阴性对照为培养基。d.流式细胞仪显示定量分析AdsA mRNA转染细胞和未转染细胞树突状细胞中成熟标记物(CD11C、MHCII和CD86)荧光信号强度。单向方差分析检验:P值<0.05,**:P值<0.01,**:P值<0.001,**:P值<0.0001(显著性差异),ns(非显著性差异):P值>0.05。
图6:B16-OVA黑色素瘤的OVAmRNA-InstantFECT介导的免疫疗法。a.肿瘤植入和卵清蛋白mRNA-InstantFECT接种时间表;b.干扰素γELISPOT测定表明T细胞对卵清蛋白抗原和MHC I限制性卵清蛋白抗原的刺激有反应;c。卵清蛋白mRNA-InstantFECT接种后ELISPOT定量测定。d.用治疗型OVA-mRNA治疗B16-OVA黑色素瘤的接种时间。e.实验组和对照组的治疗结果有显著性差异;f.存活曲线显示接种了OVA mRNA-InstantFECT复合物的小鼠和对照组的存活率。(n=5,对照组:仅InstantFECT处理)g.用预防型OVA mRNA接种的时间表。h.预防性疫苗接种后用B16-OVA黑色素瘤挑战的结果表明OVA mRNA预处理可以防止小鼠内肿瘤的生长。i.存活曲线显示,在建立肿瘤后,接种mRNA-InstantFECT复合物的小鼠存活时间比对照组长。(n=5,控制:仅InstantFECT)
具体实施方式
以下通过具体的实施例进一步说明本发明的技术方案,具体实施例不代表对本发明保护范围的限制。其他人根据本发明理念所做出的一些非本质的修改和调整仍属于本发明的保护范围。
除非另有定义,本发明中使用的所有技术术语和科学术语具有与本发明所属领域普通技术人员的一般理解相同的含义。
在本发明中,除非另有指明,“mRNA-脂质体复合物”、“mRNA-脂质纳米复合物”、“mRNA-脂质体纳米复合物”、“脂质体-mRNA复合物”、“mRNA-InstantFECT脂质体复合物”、“mRNA-InstantFECT”、“InstantFECT-mRNA”具有同样的含义。
本发明中,所述脂多胺可以是游离碱的形式,也可以是一种或多种无机或有机酸的盐形式,这种无机酸或盐的例子是氢酸、氢酸盐、硫酸,硫酸盐,甲基硫酸盐,三氟乙酸,草酸盐,戊酸盐,油酸盐,月桂酸盐,月桂酸盐,硼酸盐,乳酸盐,磷酸盐,磷酸盐,碳酸盐,柠檬酸盐,马来酸盐,富马酸盐,琥珀酸盐,酒石酸盐等。
本发明中,其他的脂多胺的通过专利US20100178699A1引入。
本发明中,其他的脂质体通过专利US20100178699A1引入。
本发明中,脂质体的制备方法通过专利US20100178699A1引入。
术语“治疗”是指疾病或障碍的缓解或减轻。在本发明的说明书中,在其涉及本文下文中引述的其他状态中的任何状态的本发明的范围内,术语“治疗”指减轻或缓解至少一个与这样的状态相关的症状,或减慢或逆转这样的状态的进展。
术语“药学上可接受的载体”是指是指当对人施用时不产生过敏或类似的不良反应的分子实体和组合物。包括任何和所有溶剂、分散介质、媒介物、包衣、稀释剂、抗菌剂和抗真菌剂、等渗剂和吸收延迟剂、缓冲剂、载体溶液、悬浮液、胶体等。此类用于药物活性物质的介质和试剂的使用在本领域内是熟知的。除了在任何常规介质或试剂与活性组分不相容的情况下外,预期将其用于治疗性组合物。
术语“有效量”:包括在本发明中使用的mRNA-脂质体复合物足以提供期望治疗效果的量。所需的精确量将因对象而不同,其取决于诸如以下的因子:被治疗的物种,对象的年龄和一般病况,被治疗病况的严重性,施用的特定药剂以及施用模式等等。然而,对于给定的情况,可以通过本领域普通技术人员根据症状的严重程度、复发的频率和治疗方案的生理应答,调整本发明药物组合物的剂量。
实施例1转染试剂制备
在以下实施例中,所述脂质体(转染试剂)InstantFECT,来源于美国PGR-Solutions,Inc.
InstantFECT包含1:2w/w的式II所述的脂多胺以及DOPE。
InstantFECT是一种有独特配方的脂质体转染试剂,能够在相对较宽的核酸与脂质体比例范围内体现很好的转染效率。在推荐的使用剂量下,它的细胞毒性非常低,同时转染过程中可以耐受血清成分。使用时将推荐量(200uL)的重组溶液加入玻璃瓶中,水化一分钟,然后涡旋一分钟,形成半透明的脂质体混悬液,即可使用。
实施例2 mRNA合成
在正常的pUC57质粒中插入TMV的5’和3’UTR区,并在3’端插入多聚A尾巴,形成DNA骨架。使用NEB的T7 Hiscribe mRNA合成试剂盒对EGFP(绿色荧光蛋白)、ADSa(金黄色葡萄球菌腺苷合成酶A)和OVA(卵清蛋白)编码的质粒DNA进行体外转录(具体步骤参照试剂盒说明书)。将DNA主干(含基因、TMV 5'UTR、TMV 3'UTR和多聚A尾)、NTPS(ATP、CTP、GTP、UTP和假尿苷)、T7聚合酶和缓冲剂的混合物在37℃下孵育2-3小时,并用LiCl沉淀法纯化mRNA产物。然后使用NEBCenovia病毒帽化酶cap1系统对修饰的体外转录的mRNA进行封端。经Licl沉淀法纯化后,5’cap修饰的mRNA产物在-20℃下保存。
我们选择卵清蛋白基因中编码241号氨基酸-339号氨基酸部分作为抗原,该片段含有MHC I和MHC II识别靶向信号。
卵蛋白基因中编码241号氨基酸-339号氨基酸部分,其DNA序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示.
抗原ADsA的DNA序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示。
为了方便检测由外源mRNA合成的蛋白质,我们在mRNA顺序中添加了一个hTPA标记和一个FLAG标记。hTPA标记有助于细胞合成后蛋白质的分泌,而FLAG标记有助于通过蛋白质免疫印迹法检测细胞中表达的蛋白质。
在该实施例中,mRNA还采用假尿苷替代尿苷作为碱基修饰,以增强翻译[13]。未经修饰和修饰的cap1基因的转染效率的差别已有报道[29],我们的EGFP mRNA表达实验结果也证明了cap1修饰后的mRNA的翻译效率明显增加(图1)。我们添加了其他几个结构到mRNA中,有助于增强核酸疫苗的活性。这些包括:3'和5'UTRs(未翻译区域:对翻译很重要),tPA(组织纤溶酶原激活酶)片段协助将表达的蛋白质分泌出细胞[30][31],同时是MHC-II途径靶向识别域;MITD是MHC-I靶向域,将蛋白质产物导向MHC-I途径[32]。
实施例3 mRNA脂质体复合物的制备
mRNA脂质纳米复合物方法为:5μg mRNA用0.9%NaCl稀释,与4μl的InstantFECT混合后于15分钟内使用。
实施例4透射电镜观察mRNA脂质体复合物的形态
mRNA脂质体复合物悬浮液在铜网格上吸附后,用醋酸铀负染,在飞利浦CM100透射电镜下观察。样品制备和观察由香港大学电子显微镜组(EMU)完成。在透射电镜EMU下观察到的脂质体结构比较典型(图2a)。与mRNA-脂质体复合物比单独的脂质体更稳定,呈单个圆形或椭圆形脂质体主体,表面有明显的线状mRNA分子吸附,直径为100-150nm。
实施例5 HEK 293细胞转染
细胞传代用10%FBS(胎牛血清)和1%PS(青霉素链霉素)DMEM完全培养基传代正常。在转染当天,用0.9%氯化钠对293细胞的100mm培养皿冲洗一次,除去0.9%氯化钠溶液。然后用1X胰蛋白酶EDTA冲洗一次,快速去除。将细胞放回培养箱中,放置3分钟。用完全培养基制备细胞悬浮液按细胞的生长程度(7毫升为70%覆盖,8毫升为80%覆盖,9毫升为90%覆盖等)悬浮。采用简化的“共接种”方法在96孔板中进行转染,将一系列脂质体(1-5μl)添加到一组孔中,加入50μl不含FBS的DMEM培养基,稀释脂质体。向每个孔中加入50微升含有500ng EGFP mRNA的无血清培养基,然后用多通道移液管混合多次,形成mRNA纳米复合物。每孔添加100μl HEK-293(ATCC)悬浮液,混合,然后将细胞放置于5%的二氧化碳37℃孵育箱培养。转染24小时、48小时和72小时后,首先在荧光显微镜下观察细胞,拍照,然后制备细胞悬浮液用于流式细胞术分析。
采用相同数量的mRNA(500ng)和不同体积的脂质体(2-5μl)。细胞经复合物转染24小时后EGFP的表达见图2b。使用3μl Messenger-MAX Lipofectamine脂质体的GFP阳性细胞百分比约为37.5%,而使用3,4,5μl InstantFECT,可分别获得37.5%,42.6%和37.5%的转染效率,(图2b-c)。这表明InstantFECT的转染效率与商业化的mRNA转染试剂Messenger-MAX相当(图2c)。
实施例6流式细胞仪分析
在流式细胞仪分析中每组用不同脂质体的体积转染的细胞样本有3个重复。转染后24、48和72小时,用PBS清洗细胞,胰蛋白酶-EDTA消解后收集在试管中,离心,然后将它们重新悬浮在含1%BSA的PBS中,进行流式细胞分析。
在研究巨噬细胞成熟程度的实验中BMDCs的染色:细胞收集后用FACS缓冲液清洗细胞,并用稀释于FACS缓冲液中的CD11c APC(BioLegend)、CD86-PE(BioLegend)和MHC II-FITC(BioLegend)抗体染色(染色前将1微升的每种抗体与FACS缓冲液混合)。然后,避光,在4℃下对细胞进行20-30分钟的染色,用FACS缓冲液清洗,最终悬浮于FACS缓冲液,进行流式细胞分析。
细胞流式分析EGFP荧光比较结果表明,4μl的InstantFECT-EGFP-mRNa复合物比Messenger Max-Lipofectamine更有效。
实施例7细胞活性分析-XTT分析
为了检查InstantFECT对哺乳动物细胞活力的影响,将1、2、3.5、4和5微升的单独脂质体或用500ng的EGFP-mRNA复合物转染HEK-293细胞。在转染24、48、72和96小时后,进行XTT分析以测定细胞的存活率。
XTT溶液(Invitrogen)由5毫升标记试剂和100微升电子耦合溶液混合现配。在转染后的24、48和72小时,将50微升XTT溶液(300微克/毫升的最终溶液)添加到每个孔中,并在37℃,5%二氧化碳培养4-5小时。在OD450nm处读取数值,由此得到细胞生存率。
数据显示,在所有条件下,即使用不同量的脂质体,以及mRNA脂质体复合物均未显示对细胞有任何毒性(图2d)。
实施例8动物模型
5-6周的BALB/C和C57/BL-6J小鼠订购后,在动物室正常饲养。b16-OVA细胞系由香港中文大学的李泉教授提供。将2×10^5B16-OVA细胞注射到C57/BL6-J小鼠的右侧,约20天后肿瘤长大,6-7天后出现皮肤出血孔/溃疡。BALB/C 4T-1肿瘤模型,将5x10^4细胞皮下注射到BALB/C小鼠体内,在约10天后肿瘤可以成形,在接下来的10天内它会形成溃疡。
实施例9体内成像观察InstantFECT介导的体内mRNA递送后荧光素酶体内成像观察
给5只小鼠体内通过肌肉注射5μg荧光素酶mRNA,以及与不同体积(1-5μl)的脂质体复合物,在24小时后给予荧光素底物,麻醉,并在体内成像仪中观察生物发光。具体如下
如上所述,荧光素酶或EGFP mRNA分别从相应的质粒DNA通过体外转录方法得到。将10μg(1mg/ml)荧光素酶EGFP mRNA稀释于70μl不含FBS和PS DMEM培养基,添加150mM氯化钠溶液,最后将2-10μl脂质体混合到该溶液中,最终体积是100μl,涡旋5-10秒,在10-15分钟内将其肌肉注射到小鼠体内。每只小鼠左右肌肉各注射50微升mRNA-InstantFECT复合物。注射mRNA-InstantFECT复合物24小时、48小时和72小时后,用氯胺酮和多巴胺混合麻醉小鼠(由CULATR推荐),并在小鼠腹腔内注射100微升荧光素底物。在5分钟内,在体内成像仪(IVIS SPECTRUM)下观察,检测荧光素酶发光信号。
结果显示,光使用mRNA没有明显转染效果,而使用4μl InstantFECT的转染复合物,荧光素酶的表达相对较高(图3a)。随后,我们检测了InstantFECT递送mRNA后表达在体内能持续多久。脂质体-5μg荧光素酶mRNA复合物表达96小时后仍保持在高水平(图3b)。同时还将InstantFECT与Trans-IT(Mirus)在体内经静脉注射和肌肉注射递送5μg荧光素酶mRNA的效果进行了比较。
Trans-IT-mRNA复合物·静脉注射显示肺部有明显mRNA表达,而InstantFECT-mRNA复合物静脉注射后只有尾部注射部位有一些mRNA荧光素酶表达,肺部没有显示任何荧光素酶表达。另一方面,肌肉注射后,InstantFECT局部递送荧光素酶mRNA的的效果明显比Trans-IT的强(图3c)。因此,上述结果表明,与市售脂质体相比,InstantFECT肌内转染效果更好。
实施例10冷冻切片观察肿瘤内EGFP mRNA递送后绿色荧光蛋白的表达
肿瘤内免疫治疗激活抗肿瘤免疫,可以得到持久的治疗效益。免疫治疗既可以直接用已知肿瘤抗原激活免疫系统产生针对该肿瘤的免疫反应,对免疫原性不足的肿瘤,或没有已知肿瘤抗原的情况下,也可以通过激活免疫系统,促进机体识别肿瘤相关抗原,产生抗肿瘤免疫反应[33]。因此,我们尝试了InstantFECT脂质体荧光素酶mRNA复合物肿瘤内递送,结果表明,瘤内注射mRNA复合物后荧光素酶高度表达,长达3天之久(图4a)。将5μg EGFPmRNA-InstantFECT复合物直接注射到肿瘤中,24小时后,用荧光显微镜对冷冻切片观察(图4b),结果显示在整个切片中肿瘤细胞呈大面积扩散状高度表达EGFP。
冷冻切片的制备方法如下:将组织在聚甲醛新鲜制备的4%甲醛中4℃下固定过夜。第二天,将组织块用PBS洗涤三次,每次5分钟,然后转移到30%蔗糖-PBS冷冻保护剂溶液中,保持4℃并轻轻摇晃。24小时后更换蔗糖培养基,并在4℃下轻轻摇晃过夜。在-20℃下将组织块嵌入OCT中。制作厚度为15-20μm的冷冻切片,并将其安装在涂有明胶的玻片上,在室温下风干30分钟,然后用防褪色的安装介质(ProLong,Thermo Fischer)保护,在荧光显微镜下用FITC激发光谱(450-495nm)观察。
实施例11 mRNA-脂质体复合物的免疫原性
为了检测InstantFECT脂质体局部递送mRNA能否引起全身免疫反应,我们使用了传染病相关的抗原和一种癌症模型抗原。我们用传染病模型抗原ADsA-mRNA与InstantFECT复合物多次免疫小鼠,之后收集脾细胞用体外干扰素-γ-ELISPOT测定机体免疫反应。目前金黄色葡萄球菌感染的相关抗原ADsA多肽疫苗正在进行临床试验[28]。
将mRNA与4InstantFECT脂质体复合物注射到小鼠大腿肌肉中。对照组只注射脂质体。同样的实验用皮下注射mRNA脂质体复合物途径重复。
详细的ADSa mRNA疫苗接种程序
对ADSa mRNA的免疫接种,10μg的ADSa mRNA用无血清培养基稀释,加入0.9%NaCl,最后加入4μl InstantFECT,上下混合几次,尽快注射到小鼠身上。5-6周的雌性BALB/C小鼠通过肌内和皮下注射100μL的mRNA-InstantFECT转染复合物。对于肌内注射,在小鼠的每只大腿肌肉注射50μl的混合物,而对于皮下注射,每只小鼠的左右侧各注射50μl的混合物。注射在第0、3、8、15和22天进行。在第一周内0、3和8天进行Priming注射,其他2次注射是增强注射。最后一次注射7天后,即第28天,收集脾脏,制备细胞混悬液,进行干扰素γELISPOT分析。
IFN-γELISPOT分析
6只5-6周的BALB/C在第0、3、8、15、22和29天,肌肉和皮下注射ADSa或OVA mRNA。第36天,处死小鼠,从每只小鼠身上采集脾脏细胞。干扰素-γELISPOT96孔板中添加200μl不含FBS的DMEM培养基活化30分钟,然后加入100μl脾脏细胞,并向这些细胞中添加0.5-2μg抗原(ADSa、OVA或阳性诱导剂),并在37℃,5%CO2培养细胞20小时。然后去除培养基,用洗涤缓冲液洗涤,然后在RT条件下与生物素化二抗体孵育1小时,洗涤后与生物素HRP孵育,洗涤,然后与底物孵育,进行洗涤和干燥,阳性的培养基出现可见斑点。
干扰素-γELISPOT分析结果见图5。用肌内和皮下免疫ADsA mRNA抗原后均观察到强烈的T细胞反应,表明InstantFECT脂质体递送的mRNA可以诱导良好的免疫反应(图5a-c)。
实施例13 mRNA-脂质体复合物的免疫原性-骨髓树突状细胞采集,扩增和体外转染
树突状细胞成熟是免疫激活的关键步骤,可以通过吸收、加工和呈现抗原过程诱导树突状细胞成熟。我们测试了我们的mRNA-InstantFECT复合物是否能积极诱导树突状细胞成熟。我们用ADsA mRNA-InstantFECT复合物转染骨髓来源的树突状细胞。24小时后,收集转染细胞并用树突状细胞成熟标记物(如CD11C、CD86和小鼠MHC II)的抗体染色。收集5-6周龄小鼠的股骨和胫骨,去除周围肌肉。将完整的骨头保存在PBS中4-5分钟,然后用剪刀将骨头切开,用PBS和17-20号针将骨髓抽出。洗涤和将红细胞溶解后,收集细胞,并将其接种在10cm培养皿中,培养皿中含有树突状细胞培养基【1%PS抗生素(Gibco)、2-巯基乙醇(50μM)和10%热灭活FBS的RPMI-1640(Gibco)】。在培养基中加入20ng/ml的GM-CSF(PepRotech),每2天更换一次培养基。在第7天,只收集漂浮细胞(未成熟细胞)并用mRNA-InstantFECT复合物进行转染。在18-24小时的转染后,收集所有的转染细胞并进行流式细胞分析。
流式细胞术结果显示,mRNA转染导致树突状细胞成熟,成熟标记物CD11c、CD86和MHCII的表达增加,从而表明免疫系统经ADsA mRNA-InstantFECT复合物转染后得到激活(图5d和e)。
实施例14 mRNA-InstantFECT复合物的治疗和预防功效
为了检测模型肿瘤抗原的递呈程度以及mRNA-InstantFECT复合物的免疫原性,我们使用OVA mRNA(编码OVA 249-339氨基酸残基)与InstantFECT复合,作为针对B16-OVA黑色素瘤的治疗型(图6-d-f)和预防型(图6-g-i)疫苗。
疫苗接种步骤:
OVA mRNA(8μg)和InstantFECT(4μl)的复合物用类似于实施例11中ADSa mRNA接种步骤,将100μl的复合物分别皮下注射到每只5-6周的雌性C57BL/6J小鼠的左右侧(各50μl)。ELISPOT分析时间也与ADSa mRNA处理组相同。在预防性免疫治疗中,共注射了5次OVAmRNA-InstantFECT复合物,在第27天用2×105的b16-OVA肿瘤细胞对小鼠进行接种,观察疫苗的潜能。在治疗性疫苗接种的第0天,给小鼠注射2×105的b16-ovaOVA肿瘤细胞,在第3、7、10和17天皮下注射OVA mRNA-InstantFECT复合物,在随后的时间内观察肿瘤大小直至终点。首先通过对免疫后C57BL/6J小鼠脾细胞进行干扰素-γELISPOT分析测定(见实施例12),观察到对完整卵清蛋白抗原和MHC I限制性卵清蛋白有很强的T细胞反应。随后,对已经建立B16-OVA肿瘤的小鼠用OVA-mRNA-InstantFECT进行治疗。图6e显示用OVA mRNA-InstantFECT疫苗免疫的小鼠的肿瘤进展比单独注射InstantFECT的对照组慢得多。在肿瘤植入后40天,对照组的所有小鼠均死亡,而所有接种了OVA-mRNA的小鼠均存活(图6e-f)。类似地,预防性接种OVA mRNA-InstantFECT可长期保护小鼠抵抗B16-OVA黑色素瘤(图6h)。所有接种了OVA的小鼠均存活60天以上,而所有对照小鼠在肿瘤接种后37天内死亡(图6i),这表明通过OVA mRNA-InstantFECT接种建立的免疫功能可以防止肿瘤进展。
所有的统计分析和作图采用Graph Pad Prism软件完成。
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序列表
<110> 浙江智达药业有限公司
<120> 一种mRNA-脂质体复合物及其应用
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Claims (25)
2.根据权利要求1所述mRNA-脂质体复合物,其特征在于,所述mRNA至少编码一种抗原。
3.根据权利要求2所述mRNA-脂质体复合物,其特征在于,所述抗原选自肿瘤抗原、癌症疾病中表达的突变抗原、传染病抗原、退行性疾病抗原、特应性疾病抗原、自体免疫疾病抗原中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求3所述mRNA-脂质体复合物,其特征在于,所述肿瘤抗原选自以下群组:OVA、5T4, 707-AP,9D7,AFP,AlbZIPHPG1,α5β1-整联蛋白,α5β6-整联蛋白,α-甲基酰 基-辅酶A消旋酶,ART-4,B7H4,BAGE-1,BCL-2,BING-4,CA15-3/CA 27-29,CA19-9,CA72-4,CA125,钙网蛋白,CAMEL,CASP-8,组织蛋白 酶B,组织蛋白酶L,CD19,CD20,CD22,CD25,CD30,CD33,CD4,CD52,CD55,CD56,CD80,CEA,CLCA2,CML28,Coactosin-样蛋白,胶原蛋白 XXIII,COX-2,CT-9/BRD6,Cten,细胞周期蛋白B1,细胞周期蛋白D1, cyp-B,CYPB1,DAM-10/MAGE-B1,DAM-6/MAGE-B2,EGFR/Her1, MMPRIN,EpCam,EphA2,EphA3,ErbB3,EZH2,FGF-5,FN,Fra-1,G250/CAIX,GAGE-1,GAGE-2,GAGE-3,GAGE-4,GAGE-5,GAGE-6, GAGE-7b,GAGE-8,GDEP,GnT-V,gp100,GPC3,HAGE,HAST-2,hepsin, Her2/neu/ErbB2,HERV-K-MEL,HNE,同源框NKX3.1,HOM-TES-14/SCP-1,HOM-TES-85,HPV-E6,HPV-E7,HST-2,hTERT,iCE, IGF-1R,IL-13Ra2,IL-2R,IL-5,未成熟层粘连蛋白受体,激肽释放酶-2,激肽释放酶-4,Ki67,KIAA0205,KK-LC-1,KM-HN-1,LAGE-1,Livin, MAGE-A1,MAGE-A10,MAGE-A12,MAGE-A2,MAGE-A3,MAGE-A4,MAGE-A6,MAGE-A9,MAGE-B1,MAGE-B10,MAGE-B16,MAGE-B17, MAGE-B2,MAGE-B3,MAGE-B4,MAGE-B5,MAGE-B6,MAGE-C1, MAGE-C2,MAGE-C3,MAGE-D1,MAGE-D2,MAGE-D4,MAGE-E1,MAGE-E2,MAGE-F1,MAGE-H1,MAGEL2,mammaglobinA, MART-1/Melan-A,MART-2,基质蛋白22,MC1R,M-CSF,Mesothelin, MG50/PXDN,MMP11,MN/CAIX-抗原,MRP-3,MUC1,MUC2,NA88-A, N-乙酰葡糖胺转移酶-V,Neo-PAP,NGEP,NMP22,NPM/ALK,NSE, NY-ESO-1,NY-ESO-B,OA1,OFA-iLRP,OGT,OS-9,骨钙蛋白,骨桥蛋白, p15,p190minorbcr-abl,p53,PAGE-4,PAI-1,PAI-2,PAP,PART-1,PATE, PDEF,Pim-1-激酶,Pin1,POTE,PRAME,prostein,蛋白酶-3,PSA,PSCA, PSGR,PSM,PSMA,RAGE-1,RHAMM/CD168,RU1,RU2,S-100,SAGE, SART-1,SART-2,SART-3,SCC,Sp17,SSX-1,SSX-2/HOM-MEL-40,SSX-4, STAMP-1,STEAP,存活蛋白,TA-90,TAG-72,TARP,TGFb,TGFbRII, TGM-4,TRAG-3,TRG,TRP-1,TRP-2/6b,TRP-2/INT2,Trp-p8,酪氨酸酶, UPA,VEGF,VEGFR-2/FLK-1,WT1。
5.根据权利要求3所述mRNA-脂质体复合物,其特征在于,所述癌症疾病中表达的突变抗原选自以下群组:α-辅肌动蛋白-4/m,ARTC1/m,bcr/abl,β-联蛋白/m,BRCA1/m,BRCA2/m,CASP-5/m,CASP-8/m,CDC27/m,CDK4/m,CDKN2A/m,CML66,COA-1/m, DEK-CAN,EFTUD2/m,ELF2/m,ETV6-AML1,FN1/m,GPNMB/m, HLA-A*0201-R170I,HLA-A11/m,HLA-A2/m,HSP70-2M,KIAA0205/m, K-Ras/m,LDLR-FUT,MART2/m,ME1/m,MUM-1/m,MUM-2/m, MUM-3/m,I类肌球蛋白/m,Neo-PAP/m,NFYC/m,N-Ras/m,OGT/m, OS-9/m,p53/m,Pml/RARa,PRDX5/m,PTPRK/m,RBAF600/m,SIRT2/m, SYT-SSX-1,SYT-SSX-2,TEL-AML1,TGFbRII,TPI/m。
6.根据权利要求3所述mRNA-脂质体复合物,其特征在于,所述传染病抗原是细菌抗原。
7.根据权利要求3所述mRNA-脂质体复合物,其特征在于,所述传染病抗原是真菌抗原。
8.根据权利要求3所述mRNA-脂质体复合物,其特征在于,所述传染病抗原是病毒抗原。
9.根据权利要求8所述mRNA-脂质体复合物,其特征在于,所述病毒选自以下群组:痘病毒、小痘病毒、埃博拉病毒、马尔堡病毒、登革热病毒、流感病毒、副流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、麻疹病毒、人类免疫缺陷病毒、人类乳头瘤病毒、水痘-带状疱疹病毒、单纯疱疹病毒、细胞巨化病毒、EB病毒、JC病毒、棒状病毒、轮状病毒、鼻病毒、腺病毒、乳头瘤病毒、细小病毒、小核糖核酸病毒、脊髓灰质炎病毒、引起腮腺炎的病毒、引起狂犬病的病毒、呼吸道肠道病毒、风疹病毒、外衣病毒、粘病毒、逆转录病毒、嗜肝DNA病毒、柯萨奇病毒、委内端拉马脑脊髓炎病毒、日本脑炎病毒、黄热病毒、裂谷热病毒、甲肝病毒、乙肝病毒、丙肝病毒、丁肝病毒、戊肝病毒的抗原。
10.根据权利要求3所述mRNA-脂质体复合物,其特征在于,所述传染病抗原选自以下群组:ADsA、结核杆菌的抗原TbH9, DPV、381、Mtb41、Mtb40、Mtb32A、Mtb9.9A、Mtb9.8、Mtb16、Mtb72f、Mtb59f、Mtb88f、Mtb71f、Mtb46f和Mtb31f。
11.根据权利要求3所述mRNA-脂质体复合物,其特征在于,所述退行性疾病抗原选自以下群组:Aβ1–42 、Tau protein,α -synuclein。
12.根据权利要求1所述mRNA-脂质体复合物,其特征在于,所述脂多胺和二油酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺的质量比为1-10 :1-10 w/w。
13.根据权利要求1所述mRNA-脂质体复合物,其特征在于,所述脂多胺和二油酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺的质量比为1 : 2 w/w。
14.根据权利要求1所述mRNA-脂质体复合物,其特征在于,所述mRNA与脂质体的质量体积比为5 μg :3-5 μl。
15.根据权利要求1所述mRNA-脂质体复合物,其特征在于,所述mRNA与脂质体的质量体积比为5 μg :4 μl。
16.根据权利要求1-15任一所述mRNA-脂质体复合物,其特征在于,所述mRNA-脂质体复合物的制剂形式为局部注射制剂。
17.根据权利要求16任一所述mRNA-脂质体复合物,其特征在于,所述局部注射包括瘤内、肌肉、皮内或皮下。
18.根据权利要求1-15任一所述mRNA-脂质体复合物,其特征在于,所述mRNA-脂质体复合物带负电。
19.根据权利要求1-15任一所述mRNA-脂质体复合物,其特征在于,所述mRNA-脂质体复合物中,mRNA覆盖脂质体。
20.根据权利要求1-15任一所述mRNA-脂质体复合物,其特征在于,所述脂质体的直径为100-150nm。
21.权利要求1-15任一所述mRNA-脂质体复合物在用于制备预防、治疗、和/或改善选自癌症或肿瘤疾病,退行性疾病抗原、特应性疾病抗原、自体免疫疾病,传染病,或过敏症或过敏性疾病的任何疾病和病症的药物的用途。
22.一种疫苗,其含有权利要求1-15任一所述mRNA-脂质体复合物。
23.根据权利要求22所述的疫苗,其特征在于,所述疫苗为肿瘤疫苗和/或传染病疫苗。
24.一种免疫刺激组合物,其含有权利要求1-15任一所述mRNA-脂质体复合物。
25.根据权利要求1-15任一所述mRNA-脂质体复合物的制备方法,其包括将mRNA稀释后,加入所述脂质体,或以连续化在线混合方式制备,或以微流控混合系统加以制备。
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