CN112105755B - 包含MCrAl-X涂覆层的涂层 - Google Patents

包含MCrAl-X涂覆层的涂层 Download PDF

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CN112105755B
CN112105755B CN201980027385.1A CN201980027385A CN112105755B CN 112105755 B CN112105755 B CN 112105755B CN 201980027385 A CN201980027385 A CN 201980027385A CN 112105755 B CN112105755 B CN 112105755B
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mcral
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尤尔根·拉姆
贝诺·维德里希
奥利弗·雅里
奥利弗·胡诺尔德
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Oerlikon Surface Solutions AG Pfaeffikon
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Abstract

涂覆基材包含基材(1),该基材包含涂覆有涂层体系(7)的金属基材表面(11),该涂层体系包含功能涂覆膜(5)或由其构成,所述功能涂覆膜(5)由至少一个MCrAl‑X涂覆层构成或包含至少一个MCrAl‑X涂覆层,其中,该至少一个MCrAl‑X涂覆层被直接沉积在该金属基材(11)上,或者该至少一个MCrAl‑X涂覆层被沉积在由至少一个基材匹配层(31)形成的中间涂覆膜(3)上,其中,该至少一个基材匹配层(31)被直接沉积在该金属基材表面(11)上,其中,直接沉积在该金属基材表面(11)上的层,即分别是指在其被直接沉积在该金属基材表面(11)上情况下的MCrAl‑X涂覆层或者在其被沉积在该金属基材表面(11)上情况下的基材匹配层(31),显示出部分或完全外延生长或者部分或完全异质外延生长。

Description

包含MCrAl-X涂覆层的涂层
本发明涉及新型涂层体系,其包含通过使用物理气相沉积技术所合成的至少一个MCrAl-X涂覆层,该涂层可适用于保护金属基材,尤其是保护涡轮机部件。
本发明的主要目的是允许合成如下涂层,其形成出色的与“金属基材”的界面并且能暴露在接近基材材料熔点的温度而不会脱层。
本说明书和本发明上下文所用的术语“金属基材”是指由显示出金属性能的材料如镍基合金或铝化镍制造的基材。
例如,根据本发明的涂层可以设置在涡轮机叶片尖的表面上以改善这些涡轮机叶片尖的性能。这样一来,根据本发明,在工作中接触到可磨耗材料(擦磨)的叶片尖表面通过在工作前提供的涂层被保护以免机械磨损和腐蚀。
此外,根据本发明的涂层可以提供金属基材的显著改善。尤其是,用由镍基合金或铝化镍构成的或含有镍基合金或铝化镍的材料制造的涡轮机叶片在根据本发明被涂覆之后显示出明显增强的抗氧化能力。
本发明涂层的沉积通过物理气相沉积(PVD)方法执行,例如像阴极电弧蒸镀、溅射或高功率脉冲化溅射(通常称为高功率脉冲磁控溅射(HiPIMS)或高功率脉冲化磁控溅射(HPPMS)),优选通过阴极电弧蒸镀。
本发明提供一种新型的、创新的且非常有用的涂层7,其包括功能涂覆膜5,其中,该功能涂覆膜5由通过使用物理气相沉积技术所合成的至少一个MCrAl-X涂覆层5形成,如在图1a、图1b和图1c中示意性所示的那样。
可选地,涂层7可以包含一个沉积在功能涂覆膜5之上的顶涂覆膜10,如图1b所示。
根据本发明的一个优选实施例,本发明的涂层体系7包含功能涂覆膜5和中间涂覆膜3,其中,中间涂覆膜3被沉积在金属基材1的表面11上,使得中间涂覆膜3沉积在表面11和功能涂覆膜5之间,其中,该功能涂覆膜5由至少一层MCrAl-X涂覆层形成,而中间涂覆膜3由至少一个基材匹配层31形成,所述基材匹配层由与金属基材1的表面11材料相匹配的材料形成。
可选地,中间涂覆膜3可以包含沉积在基材匹配层31上的扩散阻挡层33,该基材匹配层直接沉积在金属基材1的表面11上,如图1c所示。
在至少一个MCrAl-X涂覆层已经构成基材匹配层的情况下,因为MCrAl-X涂覆层的元素组成和金属基材的元素组成相似并且MCrAl-X涂覆层的元素组成满足了如本说明书所限定的基材匹配层元素组成的标准,故MCrAl-X涂覆层可以被直接沉积在金属基材表面而不使用任何中间涂覆膜,如图1所示。
在本发明上下文中的金属基材(因此涂覆有本发明涂层的金属基材表面)优选由以下材料之一构成:
-超合金,
-镍基超合金如因康镍合金(如因康镍718),
-铝化物,更优选是铝化镍。
根据本发明,基材匹配层31可以例如包含与待涂覆的金属基材表面11相同的或相似的化学组成。优选地,它也可以包含相同的或相似的晶体结构,伴随优选为5%的晶格参数中的最大失配,更优选是小于5%。
在上述材料被用作金属基材表面11的情况下,则根据本发明的基材匹配层31例如可以是如下情况:
-在超合金基材表面情况下:涂覆层含有与超合金基材材料相同的或相似的化学组成。例如在因康镍合金的基材金属基材表面11情况下,合适的基材匹配层31可以是Ni-Cr层。
-在铝化镍情况下:合适的基材匹配层31可以是Ni-Al层。
如已经上述地,采用与金属基材表面11中的这些元素组成相比相似的存在于匹配层31中的元素组成是有益的。同样,如果该涂层包含或由至少一个MCrAl-X层构成并且所述至少一个MCrAl-X层直接沉积在金属基材表面,则采用与存在于金属基材表面中的这些元素组成相比相似的存在于MCrAl-X层(直接沉积在金属基材表面的)中的元素组成是有益的。
术语相比于存在于金属基材表面中的这些元素的组成的存在于基材匹配层或MCrAl-X层(如果直接沉积在金属基材表面上的话)中的元素的“相似组成”是有益的在本发明的上下文中是指基材材料的主要组成或主要两种组成(全都按照重量百分比测定)。为了更好地解释主要组成或这些主要组成所指何意,将采用如图11所示的表1。参见表1(图11所示),这意味着,对于超合金1基材材料和对于超合金2基材材料来说,元素Ni是主要组成。如果涉及到两种主要组成,则对于超合金1基材材料,元素Ni和Cr是主要组成,而对于超合金2基材材料,Ni和Co是主要组成。
就此而言,相似组成意味着该基材中的这个或这些主要组成的浓度与基材匹配层或直接沉积在基材表面上的MCrAl-X涂覆层的这个或这些主要组成的浓度就成分而言相差不超过30%(重量%),优选不超过10%(重量%)。
它意味着,至少形成金属基材,尤其是所涂覆的金属基材表面的材料的主要组成或优选是主要两种组成必须存在于基材匹配层或者直接沉积在金属基材表面上的MCrAl-X层中,并且必须满足关于“相似组成”的上述标准的要求。又参见表1(图11所示),可以看到NiCrAlY1满足关于针对超合金基材1和2的镍含量的这一要求。但是,对于NiCrAlY2的镍含量以及对于铬含量、钴含量就不是这样的情况。但是,NiCrAlY3满足了对于针对超合金1的镍和铬以及对于针对超合金2的镍的这一要求。这意味着,NiCrAlY1和NiCrAlY3可以被直接沉积到超合金基材1和2上,而NiCrAlY2需要匹配层并且形成达到MCrAlY涂层组成的组成梯度。
此外,如也已经上述的那样,优选地,基材匹配层31和该材料1的金属表面11具有相同的晶体结构或相似的晶体结构,如果晶格参数中的最大失配是5%则被定义为相似的。
在MCrAl-X层直接沉积在基材表面而没有使用任何中间涂覆膜3的情况下,于是也可能适用的是MCrAl-X层和材料1的金属表面11都具有相同的晶体结构或相似的晶体结构,如果晶格参数中的最大失配是5%则被定义为是相似的。
假定至少其中一个上述条件如基材和匹配层或MCrAl-X层之间的组成和/或晶体结构的相似度得到满足,出乎意料地发现了能在基材与层之间的界面中实现匹配层的外延生长或者MCrAl-X层的异质外延生长。换句话说,这种外延生长或异质外延生长意味着基材与层之间的晶体类型和结构被保持并且界面是共格的。为了定义术语外延、异质外延和共格,参考L.B.Freund和S.Suresh的书籍“薄膜材料:应力、缺陷形成和表面演变”,剑桥,剑桥大学出版社,2003。
有不同的方法来研究用于外延生长或异质外延生长的界面。界面横截面的透射电子显微术是一个用于研究基材与层之间的晶格面的取向的方法。另一个方法是具有晶体取向成像功能的所谓的电子背散射衍射(EBSD)。在图10中示出了在单晶超合金基材(PWA1483-SX)和NiCrAlY1之间的界面的横截面。在所述基材和层之间的界面由虚线标示。在界面上方的、在此观察到伴随相同的晶体取向的层生长的这些区域由圆圈标记。可以在界面的大范围内观察到共格生长,并且共格生长的厚度一般在200纳米至2微米之间。该共格生长的获得是源于在超合金基材1上沉积NiCrAlY1。这意味着已经在沉积过程中获得,即原位获得该共格界面。
表1(图11所示)示出了,对于NiCrAlY1层和超合金基材1,根据我们的在先定义,镍的化学组成是相似的。此外,我们通过X射线衍射(XRD)方法测定了NiCrAlY1与超合金基材1的晶格常数。NiCrAlY1具有带有
Figure GDA0004106056410000044
的主要的立方晶胞,其与/>
Figure GDA0004106056410000045
的超合金基材1(PWA1483)相比仅小了约1%(其对应于约1%的晶格参数中的最大失配,其确认了如上所解释地具有与本发明的基材材料相似的晶体结构的MCrAl-X涂覆层)。这意味着用于外延生长或异质外延生长的第二标准也被满足。
但是在尚未满足以上共格条件的许多情况下,可以观察到在沉积后短暂退火至约1000℃1小时产生了在超合金基材和MCrAl-X层之间的共格界面的形成。这被调查研究,是起因于界面处的扩散过程,该扩散过程由在超合金基材与MCrAl-X层之间的元素组成差异引起。只要这些差异并不太大,则扩散过程不会导致孔形成和机械不稳定。
以下给出根据本发明的MCrAl-X层和MCrAl-X-O层的一些例子。涂层采用相应MCrAl-X材料的粉末冶金制靶通过阴极电弧蒸镀来沉积。
例如具有化学组成NiCrAlY1 67/22/10/1(重量%)的靶被用于通过电弧蒸镀沉积NiCrAlY1层(MCrAl-X,其中M=Ni且X=Y)。所制成的层的组成为:
Figure GDA0004106056410000041
Figure GDA0004106056410000051
氧流为0sccm,并且通过使用纳米压痕技术来测定的机械性能是:
机械性能:EIT=218Gpa,HIT=9GPa。
图3示出了在碳化钨基材上沉积的所述NiCrAlY(Ni65.6Cr24Al10Y0.5)层的横截面的SEM显微照片。
对于另一例子,具有化学组成NiCrAlY1 67/22/10/1(重量%)的靶也被用于通过电弧蒸镀沉积NiCrAlYO层(MCrAl-X-O,其中M=Ni且X=Y)。所制成的层的组成为:
Figure GDA0004106056410000052
氧流为800sccm,并且通过使用纳米压痕来测定的机械性能:
机械性能:EIT=280Gpa,HIT=25GPa。
图4示出了在碳化钨基材上沉积的所述NiCrAlYO(Ni28Cr8.5Al9Y0.5O54)层的横截面的SEM显微照片。此例子表明了添加氧至该层使得压痕硬度HIT显著增大。该横截面也表明合成涂层与未添加氧的涂层相比的致密许多的形貌。
对于另一例子,具有化学组成NiCrAlY1 67/22/10/1(重量%)的靶也被用于通过电弧蒸镀沉积NiCrAlYO层(MCrAl-X-O,其中M=Ni且X=Y)。所制成的层的组成为:
Figure GDA0004106056410000053
Figure GDA0004106056410000061
氧流为100sccm,并且通过纳米压痕技术测定的机械性能:
机械性能:EIT=286Gpa,HIT=29GPa。
图5示出了在碳化钨基材上沉积的所述NiCrAlYO(Ni26Cr9Al10.5Y0.5O54)层的横截面的SEM显微照片。此例子再次表明添加氧至所述层使得压痕硬度HIT显著增大。该横截面也表明与未添加氧时的涂层相比致密许多的合成涂层形貌。它也示出层形貌可受到添加至合成涂层的氧量的影响(对比图4和图5)。
在另一例子中,具有化学组成NiCrAlY1 67/22/10/1(重量%)的靶也被用于通过电弧蒸镀沉积NiCrAlY/NiCrAlYO层(MCrAl-X+MCrAl-X-O,其中M=Ni且X=Y)。所制成的NiCrAlYO最外层的组成为:
Figure GDA0004106056410000062
氧流设定为0sccm用于沉积NiCrAlY层,随后设定为200sccm用于沉积NiCrAlYO层,并且在NiCrAlYO最外层的表面通过使用纳米压痕技术测定的机械性能:
机械性能:EIT=240Gpa,HIT=27GPa。
图6示出了在碳化钨基材上沉积的NiCrAlY/NiCrAlYO(Ni28Cr9Al8Y0.5O54.5)层的横截面的SEM显微照片。这个例子表明MCrAl-X涂层与MCrAl-X-O涂层的组合可以在一个沉积过程中实现而未中断真空。
附图说明
图1a、1b和1c示意性示出根据本发明沉积在基材上的涂层体系的不同架构。
图2示出根据本发明的另一优选实施例的涂层架构的例子,在此,中间涂覆膜3包括直接沉积在基材1的表面11上的第一Cr层和沉积在第一层上的第二Al-Cr层。此外,功能涂覆膜5被沉积在中间涂覆膜3上并包含包括相互交替沉积的MCrAl-X层和MCrAl-X-O层的多层膜。
图3示出直接沉积在基材上的MCrAl-X层的SEM显微照片---氧流:0sccm。
图4示出直接沉积在基材上的MCrAl-X-O层的SEM显微照片---氧流:800sccm。
图5示出直接沉积在基材上的MCrAl-X-O层的SEM显微照片---氧流:100sccm。
图5示出直接沉积在基材上的MCrAl-X/MCrAl-X-O层的SEM显微照片,一开始,氧流设定为0sccm用于沉积MCrAl-X层,接着氧流设定为200sccm用于沉积MCrAl-X-O层。
图5-9示出用于制造本发明涂覆基材的有利的涂层体系架构。
图10示出晶体取向图,其基于沉积在单晶超合金基材1(PWA1483SX)上的NiCrAlY层的界面的横截面的EBSD。该界面由虚线标记。所述层关于基材的异质外延生长(共格)区域用圆圈标示。这些区域确认了直接沉积在金属基材表面上的MCrAl-X层的部分异质外延生长(它意味着局部异质外延生长)。局部外延生长或异质外延生长应该优选具有(在涂层厚度方向上)至少100纳米、更优选是大于500纳米的厚度以用于获得在基材表面和MCrAl-X涂覆层之间的更稳定的界面。
图11示出表1,其包括两个超合金基材(超合金1,超合金2)和三个MCrAl-X涂覆层(NiCrAlY 1、NiCrAlY 2和NiCrAlY 3)的按照重量百分比的元素组成的例子。
具体说,本发明涉及:
一种涂覆基材,包含基材(1),该基材包含涂覆有涂层体系(7)的金属基材表面(11),该涂层体系由功能涂覆膜(5)构成或包含功能涂覆膜,所述功能涂覆膜(5)由至少一个MCrAl-X涂覆层构成或包含至少一个MCrAl-X涂覆层,其中,
·所述至少一个MCrAl-X涂覆层被直接沉积在所述金属基材(11)上,或者
·所述至少一个MCrAl-X涂覆层被沉积在由至少一个基材匹配层(31)形成的中间涂覆膜(3)上,其中,所述至少一个基材匹配层(31)被直接沉积在所述金属基材表面(11)上,
并且其中,直接沉积在所述金属基材表面(11)上的层,即分别是指MCrAl-X涂覆层,如果其被直接沉积在所述金属基材表面(11)上,或者指基材匹配层(31),如果其被沉积在该金属基材表面(11)上,显示出了:
·部分或完全外延生长,或者
·部分或完全异质外延生长。
优选地,该金属基材表面(11)的材料是超合金或铝化镍。
优选地,该金属基材表面(11)是镍基超合金或钴基超合金或镍/钴基超合金类型的超合金。
根据本发明的一个优选实施例,该MCrAl-X涂覆层包含至少两个亚层,即第一亚层和第二亚层,其中,第一亚层最接近该金属基材表面(11)来沉积,第二亚层被沉积在第一亚层上,其中,第一亚层和第二亚层都包含相同的元素,但第二亚层的铝含量高于第一亚层。
优选地,该MCrAl-X层包含至少两个亚层,即第一亚层和第二亚层,其中,第二层含有氧并因此是MCrAl-X-O层。
优选地,在仅考虑按照原子百分比的金属组成M、Cr和Al浓度情况下,相比于第一亚层,第二亚层中的铝浓度是两倍。
所述第二亚层中的氧能逐渐增加。
所述第二亚层中的铝也能逐渐增加。
优选地,在所述MCrAl-X层中,并且如果存在,还在所述MCrAl-X-O材料中:
-M是Ni或Co或Ni-Co,并且
-X是Y或Er或Zr。
根据本发明的一个优选实施例,存在于功能涂覆膜(5)中的至少一层MCrAl-X-O材料具有通过纳米压痕技术测定的在18GPa至35GPa+/-2GPa范围内的压痕硬度(HIT),该范围包含端点值18GPa和35GPa。
优选地,存在于功能涂覆膜(5)中的至少一层MCrAl-X材料具有通过纳米压痕技术测定的9GPa+/-2GPa的压痕硬度(HIT)。
优选地,存在于功能涂覆膜(5)中的至少一层MCrAl-X-O材料具有通过纳米压痕技术测定的在270GPa至320GPa+/-5GPa范围内的弹性模量(EIT),该范围包含端点值270GPa和320GPa。
优选地,存在于功能涂覆膜(5)中的至少一层MCrAl-X材料具有利用纳米压痕技术测定的220GPa+/-5GPa的弹性模量(EIT)。
根据本发明的一个优选实施例,在此至少一层MCrAl-X-O材料存在于功能涂覆膜(5)中,该层所包含的氧含量对应于在50原子%与60原子%+/-3原子%之间的值,该范围包含端点值50原子%和60原子%,考虑存在于该层中的所有元素用于确定按照原子百分比的元素组成。
优选地,氧含量对应于大于50原子%的值。
优选地,氧含量对应于小于60原子%的值。
根据本发明的一个优选实施例,至少一层MCrAl-X材料存在于功能涂覆膜(5)中,其中,该层显示出fcc晶体结构。
一种用于制造根据前述实施例之一的涂覆基材的优选方法,其包括如下步骤,在此,所述MCrAl-X类型的至少一层通过使用物理气相沉积(PVD)技术被沉积,其中,所用的PVD技术是电弧蒸镀或磁控溅射,并且其中,由M、Cr、Al和X构成的靶被用作涂层源材料,并且在沉积MCrAl-X-O类型的至少一层的情况下,氧流气体被用作反应气体。
用于沉积至少一层MCrAl-X型涂覆层的沉积方法可以是高功率脉冲磁控溅射(HiPIMS)类型的磁控溅射技术。
根据本发明的一个优选实施例,直接沉积在金属基材表面(11)上的所述层具有与金属基材(1),相应地金属基材表面(11)的材料的晶体结构相比相似的晶体结构,其中,晶格参数中的最大失配为5%,优选最多为1%。
本发明也涉及涂覆基材,其包含至少一个涂覆有涂层体系(7)的金属基材表面(11),涂层体系包含功能涂覆膜(5)和沉积在所述至少一个金属表面(11)与功能涂覆膜(5)之间的中间涂覆膜(3),其中,该功能涂覆膜(5)包含MCrAl-X类型的至少一层和/或MCrAl-X-O类型的至少一层以及中间涂覆膜(3),其中,所述MCrAl-X类型的至少一层和/或所述MCrAl-X-O类型的至少一层通过电弧蒸镀或磁控溅射被直接沉积在该至少一个金属表面(11)上,如果是溅射则优选是HiPIMS。
一种用于制造根据刚在前面描述的实施例的涂覆基材的优选方法,包括以下步骤,在该步骤中,MCrAl-X类型的至少一层被沉积,MCrAl-X类型的至少一层和/或所述MCrAl-X-O类型的至少一层通过使用物理气相沉积(PVD)技术被沉积,其中,所用的PVD技术是电弧蒸镀或磁控溅射,如果是溅射则优选是HiPIMS,其中,由M、Cr、Al和X构成的靶被用作涂层源材料,并且在沉积MCrAl-X-O类型的至少一层的情况下,氧流气体被用作反应气体。
常用的涂覆参数可被用于如本发明所述的MCrAl-X层和MCrAl-X-O层的PVD沉积。
例如对于利用电弧蒸镀PVD技术和如上所述地由M、Cr、Al和X构成的靶沉积MCrAl-X涂覆层来说,电弧电流可以被调整到处于典型范围或者用于这种PVD工艺的电弧电流,例如在100安培至200安培之间的值。沉积时的基材温度也可以被调整至处于已知的基材温度范围,例如在200℃至800℃之间,或者在400℃至600℃之间。
在涂层沉积之前,待涂覆的基材表面应该/能够按照已知方式被清理和预处理(如通过使用已知的清理工艺和等离子体预处理工艺)。

Claims (23)

1.一种涂覆基材,包含基材(1),该基材包含涂覆有涂层体系(7)的金属基材表面(11),该涂层体系包含功能涂覆膜(5)或由其构成,所述功能涂覆膜(5)由至少一个MCrAl-X涂覆层构成或包含至少一个MCrAl-X涂覆层,其特征是,
·所述至少一个MCrAl-X涂覆层被直接沉积在所述金属基材表面(11)上,或者
·所述至少一个MCrAl-X涂覆层被沉积在由至少一个基材匹配层(31)形成的中间涂覆膜(3)上,其中,所述至少一个基材匹配层(31)被直接沉积在所述金属基材表面(11)上,
其中,直接沉积在该金属基材表面(11)上的层,即分别是指在其被直接沉积在所述金属基材表面(11)上情况下的MCrAl-X涂覆层或者在其被沉积在所述金属基材表面(11)上情况下的基材匹配层(31),显示出:
·部分或完全外延生长,或者
·部分或完全异质外延生长,
其中,该基材(1)中的主要组成的浓度与所述基材匹配层(31)或直接沉积在所述基材表面上的MCrAl-X涂覆层的主要组成的浓度就成分而言相差不超过30%(重量%),
或者其中,所述基材匹配层(31)和所述基材(1)的金属表面(11)都具有相似的晶体结构,如果晶格参数中的最大失配是5%则被定义为相似的,或者在MCrAl-X涂覆层直接沉积在所述基材表面的情况下,于是也可能适用的是MCrAl-X涂覆层和所述基材(1)的金属表面(11)都具有相似的晶体结构,如果晶格参数中的最大失配是5%则被定义为是相似的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的涂覆基材,其特征是,所述金属基材表面(11)的材料是超合金或铝化镍。
3.根据权利要求2所述的涂覆基材,其特征是,所述金属基材表面(11)的材料是镍基超合金或钴基超合金或镍/钴基超合金类型的超合金。
4.根据权利要求1所述的涂覆基材,其特征是,该MCrAl-X涂覆层包含至少两个亚层,即第一亚层和第二亚层,其中,所述第一亚层最接近所述金属基材表面(11)来沉积,所述第二亚层被沉积在所述第一亚层上,其中,所述第一亚层和第二亚层都包含相同的元素,但所述第二亚层含有比所述第一亚层更高的铝含量。
5.根据权利要求4所述的涂覆基材,其特征是,所述MCrAl-X层包含至少两个亚层,即第一亚层和第二亚层,其中,所述第二层含有氧并因此是MCrAl-X-O层。
6.根据前述权利要求4至5之一所述的涂覆基材,其特征是,在仅考虑按照原子百分比的金属组成M、Cr和Al浓度的情况下,相比于所述第一亚层,所述第二亚层中的铝浓度是两倍。
7.根据权利要求5所述的涂覆基材,其特征是,所述第二亚层中的氧逐渐增加。
8.根据权利要求4所述的涂覆基材,其特征是,所述第二亚层中的铝逐渐增加。
9.根据权利要求5所述的涂覆基材,其特征是,在所述MCrAl-X层中,并且如果存在,则在所述MCrAl-X-O材料中也存在:
-M是Ni或Co或Ni-Co,并且
-X是Y或Er或Zr。
10.根据权利要求5所述的涂覆基材,其特征是,存在于所述功能涂覆膜(5)中的MCrAl-X-O材料的至少一层具有通过使用纳米压痕技术测定的在18GPa至35GPa范围内的压痕硬度(HIT),该范围包含端点值18GPa和35GPa。
11.根据权利要求4所述的涂覆基材,其特征是,存在于所述功能涂覆膜(5)中的MCrAl-X材料的至少一层具有通过使用纳米压痕技术测定的9GPa+/-2GPa的压痕硬度(HIT)。
12.根据权利要求5所述的涂覆基材,其特征是,存在于所述功能涂覆膜(5)中的MCrAl-X-O材料的至少一层具有通过纳米压痕技术测定的在270GPa至320GPa范围内的弹性模量(EIT),该范围包含端点值270GPa和320GPa。
13.根据权利要求4所述的涂覆基材,其特征是,存在于所述功能涂覆膜(5)中的MCrAl-X材料的至少一层具有利用纳米压痕技术测定的220GPa+/-5GPa的弹性模量(EIT)。
14.根据权利要求5所述的涂覆基材,其特征是,至少一层MCrAl-X-O材料存在于所述功能涂覆膜(5)中,其中,所述层所包含的氧含量对应于在50原子%与60原子%之间的值,该范围包含端点值50原子%和60原子%,考虑存在于该层中的所有元素用于确定按照原子百分比的元素组成。
15.根据权利要求1所述的涂覆基材,其特征是,至少一层MCrAl-X材料存在于所述功能涂覆膜(5)中,其中,该层显示出fcc晶体结构。
16.根据权利要求15所述的涂覆基材,其特征是,与所述金属基材(1)的,或者说所述金属基材表面(11)的材料的晶体结构相比,直接沉积在所述金属基材表面(11)上的所述层具有相似的晶体结构,其中,晶格参数中的最大失配为5%。
17.根据权利要求16所述的涂覆基材,其特征是,晶格参数中的最大失配为1%。
18.一种用于制造根据前述权利要求1至17之一所述的涂覆基材的方法,其特征是,所述MCrAl-X类型的至少一层通过使用物理气相沉积(PVD)技术被沉积,其中,所用的PVD技术是电弧蒸镀或磁控溅射,并且其中,由M、Cr、Al和X构成的靶被用作涂层源材料。
19.根据权利要求18所述的方法,其特征是,高功率脉冲磁控溅射(HiPIMS)型的磁控溅射技术被采用。
20.一种涂覆基材,包含至少一个涂覆有涂层体系(7)的金属基材表面(11),该涂层体系包含功能涂覆膜(5)和沉积在所述至少一个金属表面(11)与所述功能涂覆膜(5)之间的中间涂覆膜(3),其特征是,该功能涂覆膜(5)包含MCrAl-X类型的至少一层和/或MCrAl-X-O类型的至少一层和中间涂覆膜(3),其中,所述MCrAl-X类型的至少一层和/或所述MCrAl-X-O类型的至少一层通过电弧蒸镀或磁控溅射被直接沉积在所述至少一个金属表面(11)上,
其中,所述基材匹配层(31)和所述基材(1)的金属表面(11)都具有相似的晶体结构,如果晶格参数中的最大失配是5%则被定义为相似的,或者在MCrAl-X涂覆层直接沉积在所述基材表面的情况下,于是也可能适用的是MCrAl-X涂覆层和所述基材(1)的金属表面(11)都具有相似的晶体结构,如果晶格参数中的最大失配是5%则被定义为是相似的。
21.根据权利要求20所述的涂覆基材,其特征是,溅射选用HiPIMS。
22.一种用于制造根据权利要求20所述的涂覆基材的方法,其特征是,所述MCrAl-X类型的至少一层和/或所述MCrAl-X-O类型的至少一层通过使用物理气相沉积(PVD)技术被沉积,其中,所用的PVD技术是电弧蒸镀或磁控溅射,其中,由M、Cr、Al和X构成的靶被用作涂层源材料,并且在沉积MCrAl-X-O类型的至少一层的情况下,氧流气体被用作反应气体。
23.根据权利要求22所述的方法,其特征是,溅射选用HiPIMS。
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