CN112102594A - Real-time rock burst monitoring and early warning system and method - Google Patents
Real-time rock burst monitoring and early warning system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112102594A CN112102594A CN202011091653.7A CN202011091653A CN112102594A CN 112102594 A CN112102594 A CN 112102594A CN 202011091653 A CN202011091653 A CN 202011091653A CN 112102594 A CN112102594 A CN 112102594A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
- G08B21/18—Status alarms
- G08B21/182—Level alarms, e.g. alarms responsive to variables exceeding a threshold
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- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B7/00—Signalling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00; Personal calling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00
- G08B7/06—Signalling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00; Personal calling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00 using electric transmission, e.g. involving audible and visible signalling through the use of sound and light sources
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Abstract
The invention discloses a monitoring and early warning system and a method for instant rock burst, wherein the system comprises the following steps: the system comprises an infrasound microphone, a central processing module, a data acquisition unit and a microcomputer; the infrasound microphone is movably arranged on the working surface to be monitored and is used for receiving the infrasound signal of the working surface to be monitored and the rock burst inoculation nearby the working surface to be monitored and converting the infrasound signal into an electric signal; the central processing module is connected with the infrasound microphone and is used for amplifying and filtering the electric signal after receiving the electric signal; the data acquisition unit is connected with the central processing module and is used for converting the electric signals processed by the central processing module into digital signals; the microcomputer is connected with the data acquisition unit and used for analyzing and processing the digital signals after receiving the digital signals and sending out an alarm instruction according to the processing result. The infrasound microphone capable of being movably monitored is adopted to collect the infrasound signals of the rock mass rupture state in the rock burst inoculation process, more accurate monitoring data can be obtained, and accurate rock burst monitoring is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rock burst monitoring, and particularly relates to an instant rock burst monitoring and early warning system and method.
Background
With the rapid development of industrial economy in China, the shallow resources of the earth surface of domestic metal minerals tend to be exhausted, and various mines make plans and strategies for exploring and mining ores to the deep part. With the increasing mining depth of mines, the possibility, frequency and strength of rock burst in high-stress areas are synchronously increased. The occurrence of rock burst causes surrounding rocks to slide off and jump from the rock frame, which not only causes the delay of the construction period, but also seriously affects the safety of lives and properties and instruments and equipment of underground personnel.
The 'instant type' rock burst is that after the engineering rock body is excavated, in the process of redistributing the stress state, the stress of local surrounding rocks jumps and energy is concentrated, so that the rock burst occurs on a working face and the surrounding rocks nearby within hours to days after the excavation.
At present, the monitoring means aiming at rock burst mainly adopts a microseismic method and an acoustic emission method. In both methods, the purpose of monitoring and early warning is achieved by analyzing the micro-seismic signals and the acoustic emission signals emitted in the rock burst inoculation process. As the microseismic signal and the acoustic emission signal in the monitoring process have the characteristics of quick attenuation, easy interference and the like, the monitoring sensor must be tightly coupled in surrounding rocks near a working surface and further deformed and extruded by disturbed rocks, and the sensor is easy to damage and difficult to recover.
Therefore, aiming at the 'instant type' rock burst generated in a short time after the tunneling work, if a long-term acoustic emission and micro-seismic monitoring and early warning system is established at a fixed position in the tunneling direction, the prediction accuracy of the monitoring system is lower and lower along with the propulsion of the tunneling working face; if short-term acoustic emission and micro-seismic monitoring and early warning systems are established at different positions along with the tunneling progress, the problems of overhigh monitoring cost and the like caused by difficult recovery of the sensors exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides an instant rockburst monitoring and early warning system and method, which are used for at least solving the problem of instant rockburst which occurs in a short time, if a long-term acoustic emission and micro-seismic monitoring and early warning system is established at a fixed position in a tunneling direction, the prediction accuracy of the monitoring system is lower and lower along with the advancement of a tunneling working face; if short-term acoustic emission and micro-seismic monitoring and early warning systems are established at different positions along with the tunneling progress, the technical problem of overhigh monitoring cost caused by difficult recovery of the sensors can be solved.
The invention provides an instant rock burst monitoring and early warning system, which comprises: the system comprises an infrasound microphone, a central processing module, a data acquisition unit and a microcomputer; the infrasound microphone is movably arranged on the working surface to be monitored and is used for receiving the infrasound signal of the working surface to be monitored and the rock burst inoculation infrasound signal nearby the working surface to be monitored and converting the infrasound signal into an electric signal; the central processing module is connected with the infrasound microphone and is used for amplifying and filtering the electric signal after receiving the electric signal; the data acquisition unit is connected with the central processing module and is used for converting the electric signals processed by the central processing module into digital signals; and the microcomputer is connected with the data acquisition unit and used for analyzing and processing the digital signals after receiving the digital signals and sending an alarm instruction according to a processing result.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the microcomputer includes a display screen and a monitoring and early warning unit; the monitoring and early warning unit is connected with the data acquisition unit and is used for receiving the digital signal and analyzing and processing the digital signal; the display screen is connected with the monitoring and early warning unit and used for displaying the time domain graph and the frequency domain graph in the monitoring period.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the monitoring and warning unit includes: the parameter setting module is used for setting the sampling frequency, the filtering voltage and the sampling frequency band of the system; the data report and storage module is used for storing the received digital signals in a TXT document format and carrying out time-frequency analysis on the digital signals based on a HHT method; the time-frequency parameter output module is used for outputting the time-domain graph and the frequency-domain graph in the monitoring period to the display screen; and the alarm setting module is used for setting the monitoring period and the characteristic parameter threshold of the system according to different field conditions.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the system further comprises a self-locking device, wherein the self-locking device is used for receiving each monitoring element and executing a self-locking command sent by the microcomputer after being connected with the microcomputer.
In some embodiments of the invention, the self-locking device comprises a housing made of steel for shielding the monitoring elements arranged in the housing.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the monitoring and early warning system further includes an alarm, and the alarm is connected to the microcomputer and is configured to receive an alarm command sent by the microcomputer and alarm according to the alarm command.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the monitoring and early warning system further includes a storage battery for supplying power to the inside of the system.
In some embodiments of the invention, the sampling frequency of the infrasound microphone is 1024 Hz.
The invention also provides an instant rock burst monitoring and early warning method, which comprises the following steps: analyzing time-frequency evolution characteristics of the digital infrasound signals based on a HHT method, and presetting parameter thresholds of the infrasound signals, wherein the parameter thresholds comprise amplitude thresholds and energy thresholds; responding to the infrasound signals received on site, and judging whether the parameter values of the infrasound signals in the monitoring period exceed a preset parameter threshold value or not and the total times of exceeding the preset parameter threshold value; if the total times that the parameter value of the infrasound signal in the period crosses the preset parameter threshold is more than a certain value a1, a primary warning is sent out; if the total times that the parameter value of the infrasound signal in the period crosses the preset parameter threshold is more than a certain value a2, a secondary warning is sent out; wherein a1< a2, the priority of the second warning is greater than the priority of the first warning.
In some embodiments of the present invention, after the second warning is issued if the total number of times that the parameter value of the infrasound signal crosses the preset parameter threshold value within the period is greater than a certain value a2, the monitoring and warning method further includes: responding to a self-locking instruction acquired within preset time, and performing self-locking closing on the monitoring and early-warning system.
The invention provides an instant rock burst monitoring and early warning system and method, which have the following beneficial effects:
1. the infrasound microphone capable of being movably monitored is adopted to collect the infrasound signals of the rock mass rupture state in the rock burst inoculation process, more accurate monitoring data can be obtained, and accurate rock burst monitoring is realized;
2. the system can perform mobile monitoring on the 'instant type' rock burst near the working face along with the propulsion of the driving working face, can timely and accurately send out an alarm before the rock burst occurs, and does not need technicians to check monitoring data in real time and judge the occurrence of the rock burst;
3. the whole monitoring and early warning system is integrated in the self-locking device, is convenient to carry and quick to deploy, can complete self-locking before rock burst occurs, and protects each monitoring element from being damaged.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an overall structure of an instant rock burst monitoring and early warning system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a block diagram of a microcomputer of an instant rock burst monitoring and early warning system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a structural diagram of a self-locking device of an instant rock burst monitoring and early warning system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a block diagram of a monitoring and early warning method for an instant rock burst according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein the figures include the following reference numerals:
10. an infrasound microphone; 20. a central processing module; 30. a data acquisition unit; 40. a microcomputer; 4001. a parameter setting module; 4002. a data report and storage module; 4003. a time-frequency parameter output module; 4004. an alarm setting output module; 50. a self-locking device; 60. and (4) a storage battery.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The inventor finds that: during the rock burst inoculation process or when rock burst occurs, sound wave signals with different frequency bands containing rock burst information are sent, wherein infrasonic waves with a frequency of about (0-20 Hz) are also contained. Infrasonic signals emitted in the process of rock burst inoculation have less energy loss in the air, long propagation distance and strong penetration capability.
Therefore, the sensor for collecting the infrasound signals does not need to be tightly attached to the rock mass, and the whole monitoring and early warning system can flexibly move along with tunneling work.
To achieve the above object, please refer to fig. 1, which shows an instant rock burst monitoring and early warning system provided in the present application, the monitoring and early warning system includes: the infrasound microphone 10, the central processing module 20, the data acquisition unit 30 and the microcomputer 40; the infrasound microphone 10 is movably arranged on the working surface to be monitored and is used for receiving the infrasound signal of the working surface to be monitored and the rock burst inoculation nearby the working surface to be monitored and converting the infrasound signal into an electric signal; the central processing module 20 is connected to the infrasound microphone 10, and is configured to amplify and filter the electrical signal after receiving the electrical signal; the data acquisition unit 30 is connected to the central processing module 20, and is configured to convert the electrical signal processed by the central processing module 20 into a digital signal; the microcomputer 40 is connected to the data acquisition unit 30, and is configured to analyze and process the digital signal after receiving the digital signal, and to issue an alarm instruction according to a processing result.
By applying the technical scheme of the embodiment, the infrasound microphone 10 with the sampling frequency of 1024Hz for mobile monitoring is adopted to collect the infrasound signals of the rock mass rupture state in the rock burst inoculation process, more accurate monitoring data can be obtained, and accurate rock burst monitoring is realized, and the infrasound microphone 10 has the functions of light weight, small volume, high collection sensitivity, stable collection performance, falling prevention, water prevention and the like, and can adapt to the site environment of the rock burst.
The central processing module 20 performs filtering processing on the acquired infrasound signals according to a preset frequency value, eliminates field noise near the working face, and transmits more accurate rock fracture infrasound signals to the data acquisition unit 30.
The microcomputer 40 receives the digital signal converted and generated by the data acquisition unit 30, analyzes and processes the digital signal, and then gives an alarm instruction according to the processing result.
For the specific structure of the microcomputer, the microcomputer 40 includes a display screen and a monitoring and early warning unit; the monitoring and early warning unit is connected with the data acquisition unit 30 and is used for receiving the digital signals and analyzing and processing the digital signals; the display screen is connected with the monitoring and early warning unit and is used for displaying the time domain graph and the frequency domain graph in the monitoring period. Therefore, data report and drawing can be performed on the acquired characteristic parameters such as the amplitude, the energy and the like of the infrasound signal, and the characteristic parameters are displayed through the LED display screen, so that workers can visually check the rock burst state conveniently.
Referring to fig. 2, the monitoring and warning unit includes: a parameter setting module 4001 for setting the sampling frequency, the filtering voltage and the sampling frequency band of the system; a data report and save module 4002 for saving the format of the TXT document from the received digital signal and performing time-frequency analysis on the digital signal based on HHT method; a time-frequency parameter output module 4003 for outputting the time-domain graph and the frequency-domain graph in the monitoring period to a display screen; and an alarm setting module 4004 for setting the monitoring period and the characteristic parameter threshold of the system according to different field conditions.
Referring to fig. 3, the system further includes a self-locking device 50, wherein the self-locking device 50 is used for receiving each monitoring element and executing a self-locking command sent by the microcomputer 40 after being connected to the microcomputer 40.
According to the structural design, the self-locking device 50 comprises a movable steel shell, a transmission motor, a pressure rod and the like, when a main switch of the monitoring and early warning system is started, the storage battery supplies power to the transmission motor, the transmission motor rotates clockwise, the movable steel shell slides from the middle to two sides under the action of a conveyor belt, and the pressure rod slides to an appointed groove along with the steel shell to support and fix the steel shell; when the alarm level of the monitoring and early warning system is two minutes after high-risk alarm, the motor rotates reversely, the pressure rod is popped out from the groove, and the movable steel shell is closed from two sides to the middle to realize self-locking.
Specifically, the self-locking device 50 includes a housing made of steel for protecting each monitoring element disposed in the housing.
Further, the monitoring and early warning system further comprises an alarm, wherein the alarm is connected with the microcomputer 40 and used for receiving an alarm instruction sent by the microcomputer 40 and giving an alarm according to the alarm instruction.
This kind of structural design, the siren has green, yellow, three kinds of warning lights in red and alarm sound, sends different alarm signal according to microcomputer, and the siren carries out different alarm mode.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the monitoring and early warning system further comprises a storage battery 60 for supplying power to the inside of the system. Thus, the movement of the early warning system can be conveniently monitored.
Referring to fig. 4, a monitoring and early warning method for an instant rock burst according to the present application is shown, and the monitoring and early warning method includes: analyzing time-frequency evolution characteristics of the digital infrasound signals based on a HHT method, and presetting parameter thresholds of the infrasound signals, wherein the parameter thresholds comprise amplitude thresholds and energy thresholds; responding to the infrasound signals received on site, and judging whether the parameter values of the infrasound signals in the monitoring period exceed a preset parameter threshold value or not and the total times of exceeding the preset parameter threshold value; if the total times that the parameter value of the infrasound signal in the period crosses the preset parameter threshold is more than a certain value a1, a primary warning is sent out; if the total times that the parameter value of the infrasound signal in the period crosses the preset parameter threshold is more than a certain value a2, a secondary warning is sent out; wherein a1< a2, the priority of the second warning is greater than the priority of the first warning.
In the embodiment, firstly, a rock block is drilled at a construction site to carry out an indoor rock burst infrasound simulation experiment, and an infrasound monitoring and early warning system is used for acquiring infrasound signals in the experiment rock burst inoculation process; the microcomputer 40 adopts a HHT method to analyze the time-frequency evolution characteristics of the digital infrasound signals, selects abnormal time-frequency characteristic parameters when the experimental test piece is near to damage, and sets parameter threshold values of the infrasound monitoring and early warning system according to the abnormal time-frequency characteristic parameters;
according to the field condition, arranging the infrasound monitoring and early warning system near the tunneling working face; turning on a power supply of the infrasound monitoring and early warning system, and pointing one side of an infrasound microphone 10 to an area to be monitored; the infrasound microphone 10 collects a rock burst inoculation infrasound signal of a region to be detected, the central processing module 20 carries out filtering processing on the collected infrasound signal according to a preset threshold value, field noises near a working face are eliminated, and a more accurate rock burst infrasound signal is transmitted to the data collecting unit 30; the data acquisition unit 30 converts infrasound signals generated when the rock is broken into digital signals, uploads the digital signals and stores the digital signals to the microcomputer 40; the microcomputer 40 reports and plots the acquired characteristic parameters of the infrasound signals such as amplitude, energy and the like; the alarm level of the alarm can be judged according to the total times that the characteristic parameters such as the amplitude, the energy and the like of the infrasound signal in the monitoring period exceed a preset threshold, the set threshold can be flexibly set according to the monitoring environment, and the specific alarm flow is as follows:
when amplitude a, energy B is selected, the alarm level is defined as follows:
monitoring the total times a of A > A1 and B > B1 in a period, and when a < a1, no alarm is given and the alarm is displayed as a normally-on green light;
monitoring the total times a of A > A1 and B > B1 in a period, and when a1< a < a2, warning and displaying a normally-on yellow lamp by an alarm;
monitoring the total times a of A > A1 and B > B1 in a period, and when a2< a, the alarm is in high-risk alarm, the alarm displays a flashing red light, and the alarm sound broadcasts an evacuation signal;
the method of the embodiment can timely and accurately send out the alarm before the rock burst occurs, and technicians do not need to check monitoring data in real time and judge the rock burst.
Further, after the second warning is issued if the total number of times that the parameter value of the infrasound signal crosses the preset parameter threshold value in the period is greater than a certain value a2, the monitoring and early warning method further includes: responding to a self-locking instruction acquired within preset time, and performing self-locking closing on the monitoring and early-warning system. Like this, monitoring early warning component integration is in self-lock device 50, portable, quick deployment, can accomplish the auto-lock before the rock burst takes place, and each monitoring component of protection does not receive the destruction.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an instant type rock burst's monitoring and early warning system which characterized in that includes: the system comprises an infrasound microphone, a central processing module, a data acquisition unit and a microcomputer;
the infrasound microphone is movably arranged on the working surface to be monitored and is used for receiving the infrasound signal of the working surface to be monitored and the rock burst inoculation infrasound signal nearby the working surface to be monitored and converting the infrasound signal into an electric signal;
the central processing module is connected with the infrasound microphone and is used for amplifying and filtering the electric signal after receiving the electric signal;
the data acquisition unit is connected with the central processing module and is used for converting the electric signals processed by the central processing module into digital signals;
and the microcomputer is connected with the data acquisition unit and used for analyzing and processing the digital signals after receiving the digital signals and sending an alarm instruction according to a processing result.
2. The monitoring and early warning system of the instant rock burst according to claim 1, wherein the microcomputer comprises a display screen and a monitoring and early warning unit;
the monitoring and early warning unit is connected with the data acquisition unit and is used for receiving the digital signal and analyzing and processing the digital signal;
the display screen is connected with the monitoring and early warning unit and used for displaying the time domain graph and the frequency domain graph in the monitoring period.
3. The monitoring and early-warning system for instant rock burst according to claim 2, wherein the monitoring and early-warning unit comprises:
the parameter setting module is used for setting the sampling frequency, the filtering voltage and the sampling frequency band of the system;
the data report and storage module is used for storing the received digital signals in a TXT document format and carrying out time-frequency analysis on the digital signals based on a HHT method;
the time-frequency parameter output module is used for outputting the time-domain graph and the frequency-domain graph in the monitoring period to the display screen; and
and the alarm setting module is used for setting the monitoring period and the characteristic parameter threshold of the system according to different field conditions.
4. The monitoring and early warning system for the instant rock burst according to claim 1, further comprising a self-locking device, wherein the self-locking device is used for accommodating each monitoring element and executing a self-locking command sent by the microcomputer after being connected with the microcomputer.
5. The instant rock burst monitoring and early warning system of claim 4, wherein the self-locking device comprises a steel housing for protecting monitoring elements disposed within the housing.
6. The monitoring and early-warning system for the instant rock burst as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an alarm connected to the microcomputer for receiving an alarm command from the microcomputer and giving an alarm according to the alarm command.
7. The monitoring and early-warning system for the instant rock burst according to claim 1, further comprising a storage battery for supplying power to the interior of the system.
8. The monitoring and early warning system for instant rock burst according to claim 1, wherein the sampling frequency of the infrasonic microphone is 1024 Hz.
9. An instant rock burst monitoring and early warning method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
analyzing time-frequency evolution characteristics of the digital infrasound signals based on a HHT method, and presetting parameter thresholds of the infrasound signals, wherein the parameter thresholds comprise amplitude thresholds and energy thresholds;
responding to the infrasound signals received on site, and judging whether the parameter values of the infrasound signals in the monitoring period exceed a preset parameter threshold value or not and the total times of exceeding the preset parameter threshold value;
if the total times that the parameter value of the infrasound signal in the period crosses the preset parameter threshold is more than a certain value a1, a primary warning is sent out;
if the total times that the parameter value of the infrasound signal in the period crosses the preset parameter threshold is more than a certain value a2, a secondary warning is sent out;
wherein a1< a2, the priority of the second warning is greater than the priority of the first warning.
10. The instant rock burst monitoring and warning method as claimed in claim 9, wherein after the step of issuing a secondary warning if the total number of times that the parameter value of the infrasound signal crosses the preset parameter threshold value in the period is greater than a certain value a2, the method further comprises:
responding to a self-locking instruction acquired within preset time, and performing self-locking closing on the monitoring and early-warning system.
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