CN112098872A - Method for quickly diagnosing and evaluating power battery - Google Patents
Method for quickly diagnosing and evaluating power battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN112098872A CN112098872A CN202010814760.1A CN202010814760A CN112098872A CN 112098872 A CN112098872 A CN 112098872A CN 202010814760 A CN202010814760 A CN 202010814760A CN 112098872 A CN112098872 A CN 112098872A
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for quickly diagnosing and evaluating a power battery, which comprises the following steps: selecting a power battery, and then charging the power battery to a cut-off voltage; putting a power battery and water in a container, vacuumizing, heating, preserving heat and pressure, releasing pressure, re-pressurizing and preserving pressure; circulating, taking out the power battery, connecting the power battery with the charging and discharging device, placing the power battery in a container containing the solvent, and inserting the capillary tube into the container; performing constant-current charge-discharge circulation on the power battery, and recording the graduation hn of the capillary before charge-discharge and the highest graduation hn of the capillary in the charge-discharge processmaxComparing hn recorded by different power batteries, selecting the minimum value of hn and marking as h0(ii) a Evaluating the performance of the power batteries, and matching the power batteries with similar performance. The invention reflects the health condition of the battery by a volume measurement mode without using a precise charging and discharging instrument or an internal resistance testing instrument to monitor the capacity and the current or the internal resistance of the charging and discharging processResistance and low evaluation cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of battery recovery, in particular to a method for quickly diagnosing and evaluating a power battery.
Background
Driven by the new energy automobile industry, the lithium ion power battery is widely applied, and in 2018, 127.05 and 125.62 thousands of new energy automobiles are produced and sold in China, and the production is increased by 59.92% and 61.74% in a same ratio. The service life of the power battery is usually 500-2000 cycles, the battery capacity is lower than 80% after the power battery is used for 5-8 years, and the power battery needs to be scrapped when the traffic demand of a user is not met. According to prediction, the scrappage of the power battery in China in 2020 reaches 24.8 ten thousand tons, and the problem of recycling the power battery is very serious. According to the requirements of temporary methods for recycling and managing new energy automobile power storage batteries (Ministry of industry and communications, the number 2018, the number 43), the waste power storage batteries are encouraged to be reasonably utilized in a multi-level and multi-purpose mode according to the principle of first echelon utilization and then recycling, the comprehensive energy consumption is reduced, the energy utilization efficiency is improved, the comprehensive utilization level and the economic benefit are improved, and the environment-friendly disposal of unusable residues is ensured.
The power battery is subjected to echelon utilization, diagnosis and evaluation are firstly needed to be carried out on the retired power battery, and the evaluation result judges that each performance index meets the echelon utilization requirement so that recombination can be carried out. The traditional evaluation method is to perform charge-discharge circulation on the power battery, detect the capacity of the power battery, and then recombine the batteries with similar capacity. The traditional evaluation method can only use a single detection method to respectively detect parameters such as capacity, internal resistance and rate capability, and respectively evaluate the parameters from a single dimension, and cannot comprehensively consider the overall performance of the power battery such as capacity, internal resistance and rate capability. The traditional evaluation method can only ensure the consistency of the battery during recombination, and the consistency is rapidly deteriorated when the battery is used in later echelon because the overall performance of the battery is not evaluated. In addition, the traditional evaluation method cannot evaluate the service life of the battery, the service life of the battery is an irreversible measurement parameter, and once the actual service life of the battery is measured, the battery is circularly damaged and cannot be used continuously. In the prior art, a battery attenuation model is established to estimate based on parameters such as current battery capacity, internal resistance, vehicle-mounted information of an electric vehicle and the like, on one hand, the vehicle-mounted information of the battery is difficult to obtain, on the other hand, the universal model is adopted to estimate the battery with individual difference, so that the great unreliability exists, and the traditional evaluation method has obvious limitation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for quickly diagnosing and evaluating a power battery, which reflects the health condition of the battery in a volume measurement mode, does not need to use a precise charging and discharging instrument or an internal resistance testing instrument to monitor the capacity and current or resistance in the charging and discharging process, and has low evaluation cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for quickly diagnosing and evaluating a power battery comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a power battery, and then charging the power battery to a cut-off voltage;
(2) separating the power battery and water in a container, vacuumizing, heating, preserving heat and pressure, releasing pressure, re-pressurizing and preserving pressure;
(3) the step (2) is circulated, the power battery is taken out, the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power battery are respectively connected with a charging and discharging device, the power battery is placed in a container containing a solvent, and the capillary tube is inserted into the container;
(4) performing constant-current charge-discharge circulation on the power battery, and recording the graduation hn of the capillary before charge-discharge and the highest graduation hn of the capillary in the charge-discharge processmaxComparing hn recorded by different power batteries, selecting the minimum value of hn and marking as h0；
(5) Evaluating the performance of the power batteries, and matching the power batteries with similar performance.
Cut-off voltage: the cutoff voltage is an upper limit voltage at the time of charging the battery or a lower limit voltage at the time of discharging the battery. Use of a battery beyond the cut-off voltage can cause irreversible damage to the battery. For a lithium ion battery, whether the lithium ion battery is charged or discharged, the cut-off voltage exists, and for the lithium ion battery with the positive electrode material of nickel cobalt lithium manganate, the charge cut-off voltage is usually 4.2V, and the discharge cut-off voltage is 3.0V; in a lithium ion battery in which the positive electrode material is lithium iron phosphate, the charge cut-off voltage is generally 3.8V and the discharge cut-off voltage is generally 2.5V.
Preferably, in the step (1), the selected power battery is a power battery with a shape without collision protrusions and pits.
Preferably, in the step (2), the vacuum pumping is performed to pump the pressure in the container to 3-20 kPa.
Preferably, in step (2), the temperature of the heating is 25 ℃ to 60 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (2), the heat preservation and pressure maintaining time is 2-30 min.
Preferably, in the step (2), the pressurization is carried out by adding a pressure to 1 to 5 MPa.
Preferably, in the step (2), the pressure maintaining time is 2-30 min.
Preferably, in the step (3), the step (2) is circulated for 1 to 5 times.
Preferably, in the step (3), the solvent is one of absolute ethyl alcohol, kerosene or glycerol.
Preferably, in the step (3), the container containing the solvent has a filling degree of more than 95% and a volume ratio of the solvent to the battery is less than 3: 1.
Preferably, in the step (4), the number of cycles in the cyclic charge and discharge is 1 to 5.
Preferably, in the step (4), the mixture is kept still for 5-15min during charge-discharge switching, and is kept still for 1-2h after the last cycle.
Preferably, in step (4), if bubbles are generated during the charge/discharge cycle, it is determined that the battery is an abnormal battery.
Preferably, in step (5), the evaluating the performance of the power battery comprises: h is0Has a value of ha, hnmaxThe value of-hn is denoted hb, the value of α ha + β hb is denoted hc, where 0 < α < 1, β -1- α.
Preferably, in the step (5), the power batteries with similar performances are grouped according to the requirement of the number of the batteries, different hc values are selected for power battery combination, and the Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) of the hc values of the group after combination is minimized.
Sorting hc from small to large, wherein the smaller the numerical value is, the better the battery performance is judged to be; when the batteries are used in a echelon manner, pairing and recombination are carried out according to the batteries with similar hc values.
The alpha value is determined according to the side-pairing property and the cyclicity; ha reflects battery life, i.e., cyclability; hb reflects capacity and internal resistance, i.e., pair identity. The alpha value is different according to different pairing and circulation of the battery echelon utilization application scenes.
There are currently 2 extreme cases:
1. in the case where high cyclability is required but the pairing property is not high. For the battery, the consistency of each battery monomer is good at the time of assembly, but the service life difference of each battery is large, in the future use process, some batteries can reach the end of the service life quickly, some batteries are still good, that is, the degradation degree is different in the subsequent use process, and the subsequent use consistency can be continuously deteriorated.
2. In the case where high pairing property is required but the cyclicity is not high. For the battery, the consistency of each battery cell at the time of assembly is not good, but the service life difference of each battery is small, so that the difference degree can be kept for a long time in the future use process, namely, the degradation degree is similar in the subsequent use process, and the consistency of the subsequent use is not changed greatly.
Both of the above situations are encountered in an actual echelon utilization application scenario, for example:
firstly, under the scene of applying a battery to a standby power supply UPS in a echelon manner, as the standby power supply does not need to be circulated for a long time continuously, and only needs to work under the condition of occasional power failure, for the application scene, the side recoupling property is needed, and alpha is a little bit;
secondly, under the scene of applying the echelon utilization to the solar street lamp, as the battery needs to be charged under the irradiation of sunlight every day, and is discharged and illuminated in darkness, and circulates back and forth every day, for the application scene, the service life is required to be emphasized, and alpha is a little larger.
Preferably, the specific steps from step (3) to step (5) are: opening a battery feed port of the soaking circulation tank, putting the power battery into the soaking circulation tank, respectively connecting the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the soaking circulation tank, closing the battery feed port, opening a liquid inlet pipe switch, and enabling the volume of the battery to be V0Adding the solution into the liquid inlet, opening a liquid inlet switch, enabling the solution to enter a liquid storage tank, closing the liquid inlet switch, connecting a pressure pump with a pressure port, slowly opening the pressure port switch to enable the solution in the liquid storage tank to completely flow to the soaking circulation tank, closing a liquid inlet pipe switch, reading, and recording the liquid level h1 of the capillary; charging the battery to cut-off voltage with constant current, discharging with constant current to cut-off voltage, and circulating for 1-5 timesRecording the highest scale h1 of the capillary during the cycling of the cellmax(ii) a Detecting the next battery according to the same steps, and recording to obtain h2 and h2max(ii) a Similarly, the next cell is tested again and recorded as h3 and h3max. Selecting the minimum value among h1, h2, h3, … and hn and recording the minimum value as h0。
The invention also provides application of the method for quickly diagnosing and evaluating the power battery in the field of battery recovery.
The retired power battery has certain bulging during retirement, and the cycle times of the power battery in the middle-rear section service life and the bulging degree are in a direct proportion relation. And (4) reversely deducing the number of times of the retired power battery circulated or the residual service life by quantitatively measuring the battery swelling degree. The parameter reflecting the battery life is ha, where ha-hn-h0. The larger ha indicates the more severe the battery bulge, the more cycles have been performed and the shorter the remaining life.
The bulk phase weak link comprises the conditions of fine cracks, breakage of an explosion-proof valve, sealing failure of an electrode and a battery shell and the like. If the battery has the above situation, water vapor in the battery enters the battery to react with electrolyte of the battery in a vacuum and high-pressure circulation harsh environment, HF gas is generated through the reaction, the volume of the battery core is expanded, meanwhile, the pressure penetrates through the inside and the outside of the battery, so that the battery shell deforms, the deformed battery volume is V1, the normal battery volume is V0, so that V1 is greater than V0, and the battery can be read out after the subsequent capillary height change.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) the invention reflects the health condition of the battery by a volume measurement mode, does not need to use a precise charging and discharging instrument or an internal resistance testing instrument to monitor the capacity and the current or the resistance in the charging and discharging process, and has low evaluation cost.
(2) The method detects the bulk cracks of the power battery in a staggered vacuum low-temperature boiling mode and a high-pressure extrusion mode, discovers the bulk weak links of the retired power battery as soon as possible, amplifies the weak links, influences the volume change of the battery in the cycle process, and evaluates the height change of the capillary by direct reading; if the battery body has fine cracks, the explosion-proof valve is damaged or the electrode and the battery shell are sealed and failed, water vapor enters the battery to react with electrolyte of the battery in the vacuum and high-pressure circulation process of the battery to cause serious gas generation, so that abnormal batteries are exposed and discovered.
(3) The invention comprehensively reflects the internal resistance difference and the capacity difference of the power battery by detecting the volume change of the retired power battery in the process of carrying out charge-discharge cycle after the retired power battery is soaked in the solution. Based on different internal resistances of different batteries, according to Joule's law Q ═ I2Rt (Q represents heat, I represents current, R represents resistance, and t represents time), the batteries are cycled at constant charge and discharge current, and batteries with different internal resistances emit different amounts of heat at the same time. Based on different batteries with different capacities, the time for the batteries with different capacities to circulate under constant charge and discharge current is different according to Q ═ I2Rt, when the internal resistances of the batteries are the same, the batteries with different capacities will emit different amounts of heat. The heat finally heats the solution to influence the height change of the capillary tube through the volume change of the solution as the final embodiment of the performance of the battery.
(4) The retired power battery has certain bulging during retirement, and the cycle times of the power battery in the middle-rear section service life and the bulging degree are in a direct proportion relation. And (4) reversely deducing the number of times of the retired power battery circulated or the residual service life by quantitatively measuring the battery swelling degree. The residual service life, capacity internal resistance, capacity and internal resistance of the power battery are weighted and considered, and the battery is paired and recombined to be used in a gradient manner.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the invention, preferred embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the examples to further illustrate the features and advantages of the invention, and any changes or modifications that do not depart from the gist of the invention will be understood by those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, the scope of which is defined by the scope of the appended claims.
Example 1
A method for quickly diagnosing and evaluating a power battery comprises the following specific steps:
(1) selecting a power battery with complete appearance by appearance judgment, and charging the power battery to cut-off voltage;
(2) opening the power battery and water in a pressure-resistant container, closing a material inlet, a material outlet and a valve, vacuumizing the pressure-resistant container to 3kPa, heating to 25 ℃ to boil the water, keeping the temperature and the pressure constant for 2min, releasing the pressure, and pressurizing the pressure-resistant container to 1Mpa for 30 min;
(3) step (2) is circulated for 1 time, the power battery is taken out, the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power battery are respectively connected with a charging and discharging device, the power battery is placed in the solution and is completely immersed by the solution, the capillary tube with scales is inserted into a container for containing the solution, the container is completely sealed, only the capillary tube is kept to be connected with the outside, and the outer wall of the container is provided with a heat insulation layer;
(4) performing constant-current charge and discharge cycles on 10 power batteries within a charge-discharge cutoff voltage range, wherein the cycle times are 1 time, standing for 5min when charge-discharge switching is performed each time, standing for 1h after the last cycle, recording scales hn of a capillary tube before charge-discharge, recording the hn of 10 power batteries as 10, 11, 8, 9, 10, 9, 10, 10, 9 and 12 respectively, and recording the highest scale hn of the capillary tube in the charge-discharge processmaxHn of 10 power cellsmax26, 32, 29, 30, 28, 30, 31, 29, 30 and 28, if the battery generates bubbles in the circulation process, the battery is judged to be an abnormal battery, the abnormal battery is directly removed, and the minimum value of hn is selected by comparing hn recorded by different power batteries and is recorded as h0，h0＝8；
(5) Evaluating the power battery: hn-h0The value of (a) is recorded as ha, and ha of 10 power batteries is respectively 2, 3, 0, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1 and 4; hnmaxHn has the value hb, hb for 10 power cells 16, 21, 21, 18, 21, 21, 19, 21, 16; the value of alpha ha + beta hb is denoted as hc, wherein alpha is 0.9, beta is 0.1, and the power batteries with similar performances are matched: ordering hc from small to large, wherein the hc of 10 power batteries is respectively 2.1, 3, 3, 3, 3.4, 3.6, 3.7, 3.9, 4.8 and 5.2; when the batteries are used in a gradient manner, pairing and recombination are carried out according to the batteries with similar hc values.
When 4 strings are needed, 10 power batteries in the batch can be selected from batteries with hc of 3, 3, 3 and 3.4 for recombination; when 6 strings are needed, the 10 power batteries of the batch can be recombined by selecting the hc to be 3, 3, 3, 3.4, 3.6 and 3.7.
The 6 batteries are selected for recombination, and the principle is as follows: in the case where 10 digits are randomly selected, RSD is the smallest when the 6 digits are selected. (RSD is relative standard deviation)
The calculation formula of the relative standard deviation is shown in formula (1):
where S is the standard deviation (which may also be expressed as SD),
the corresponding average value.
In daily inspection and detection work, whether the detection result is accurate or not is uncertain, but an accurate result can be obtained by a method of measuring for multiple times, and the arithmetic mean value of the measured data can represent the average level of the population. Setting: repeating the measurement on one sample n times, wherein the measurement values are x1，x2，...，xnThe arithmetic mean of the measured data of finite number is used
Expressed, the calculation formula is as follows (2):
for these 10 numbers, if the combination of 3, 3, 3, 3.4, 3.6, 3.7 is selected, the calculated RSD is 9.9%; if 2.1, 3, 3, 3, 3.4, 3.6 is selected, the calculated RSD is 17.1%; if 3, 3, 3.4, 3.6, 3.7, 3.9 is selected, the calculated RSD is 10.8%. Therefore, a group of batteries with the minimum RSD is selected for recombination.
For the same type of battery, the smaller hc is the better. And for two batteries with different models, the corresponding two hcs are not comparable.
The scale hn of the capillary before charging and discharging records the highest scale hn of the capillary in the charging and discharging processmax，hnmaxThe value of-hn is denoted hb. hb is a comprehensive reflection of the degree of volume expansion and the degree of heat generation of the battery before and after charging and discharging of the battery.
Although the capacity is not reflected by a single factor, the capacity is hidden in hb, and the principle is that the battery with different capacities has different capacities, and the time for the battery with different capacities to cycle is different under constant charge and discharge current, and the Q ═ I2Rt, Q is affected by R, t in common for different cells due to constant charge and discharge current, i.e., I is fixed. The capacity varies from cell to cell, resulting in a variation in t. Different batteries have different internal resistances R, so the battery parameters influencing the Q value are the internal resistance and the capacity. For the lithium battery, the internal resistance and the capacity are independent variables, and the internal resistance and the capacity are not necessarily directly related, so that the Q value can reflect the comprehensive influence of the internal resistance and the capacity of the battery. With the present invention, the released heat heats the solution surrounding the cell, causing the solution to rise in temperature, expand in volume, and eventually be visually read from the capillary liquid level.
Example 2
A method for quickly diagnosing and evaluating a power battery comprises the following specific steps:
(1) selecting a power battery with complete appearance by appearance judgment, and charging the power battery to cut-off voltage;
(2) opening the power battery and water in a pressure-resistant container, closing a material inlet, a material outlet and a valve, vacuumizing the pressure-resistant container to 20kPa, heating to 60 ℃ to boil the water, keeping the temperature and the pressure constant for 30min, and pressurizing the pressure-resistant container to 5Mpa and keeping the pressure constant for 2min after releasing the pressure;
(3) circulating the step (2) for 5 times, taking out the power battery, respectively connecting the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power battery with a charging and discharging device, placing the power battery in the solution, completely immersing the power battery in the solution, inserting the capillary tube with scales into a container for containing the solution, completely sealing the container, only keeping the capillary tube to be connected with the outside, and arranging a heat insulation layer on the outer wall of the container;
(4) performing constant-current charge and discharge cycles on 15 power batteries within a charge-discharge cutoff voltage range, wherein the cycle frequency is 1 time, standing for 5min every time of charge-discharge switching, standing for 1h after the last cycle, recording the scales hn of a capillary tube before charge-discharge and the hns of the 15 power batteries as 27, 25, 30, 29, 29, 25, 28, 25, 29, 22, 28, 29, 29, 27 and 29 respectively, and recording the highest scales hn of the capillary tube in the charge-discharge processmaxHn of 15 power batteriesmax55, 53, 55, 49, 51, 56, 57, 50, 55, 56, 51, 49, 49, 51 and 58 respectively, if the battery generates bubbles in the circulation process, the battery is judged to be an abnormal battery, the abnormal battery is directly removed, and the minimum value of hn is selected and recorded as h by comparing hn recorded by different power batteries0，h0＝22；
(5) Evaluating the power battery: hn-h0The values of (a) and (b) are recorded as ha, and ha of 10 power batteries is respectively 5, 3, 8, 7, 7, 3, 6, 3, 7, 0, 6, 7, 7, 5 and 7; hnmaxHn has the value hb, hb for 15 power cells 28, 27, 25, 20, 22, 31, 29, 25, 26, 34, 23, 21, 20, 25, 29; the value of α ha + β hb is denoted hc, where α is 0.7 and β is 0.3; matching power batteries with similar performances: sorting hc from small to large, wherein the hc of 15 power batteries is respectively 9.4, 10.2, 10.6, 10.7, 10.9, 11.0, 11.0, 11.0, 11.3, 11.4, 12.0, 12.8, 12.8, 13.0 and 13.5; when the batteries are used in a gradient manner, pairing and recombination are carried out according to the batteries with similar hc values.
When 4 strings are needed, the 15 power batteries can be selected from batteries with the hc of 10.9, 11.0, 11.0 and 11.0 for recombination; when 6 strings are needed, the 15 power batteries in the batch can be recombined by selecting the hc to be 10.7, 10.9, 11.0, 11.0, 11.0 and 11.3.
Example 3
A method for quickly diagnosing and evaluating a power battery comprises the following specific steps:
(1) selecting a power battery with complete appearance by appearance judgment, and charging the power battery to cut-off voltage;
(2) opening the power battery and water in a pressure-resistant container, closing a material inlet, a material outlet and a valve, vacuumizing the pressure-resistant container to 10kPa, heating to 40 ℃ to boil the water, keeping the temperature and the pressure constant for 20min, and pressurizing the pressure-resistant container to 3Mpa and keeping the pressure constant for 20min after releasing the pressure;
(3) circulating the step (2) for 5 times, taking out the power battery, respectively connecting the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power battery with a charging and discharging device, placing the power battery in the solution, completely immersing the power battery in the solution, inserting the capillary tube with scales into a container for containing the solution, completely sealing the container, only keeping the capillary tube to be connected with the outside, and arranging a heat insulation layer on the outer wall of the container;
(4) performing constant-current charge and discharge cycles on 12 power batteries within a charge-discharge cutoff voltage range, wherein the cycle times are 1 time, standing for 5min when charge-discharge is switched every time, standing for 1h after the last cycle, recording the scales hn of a capillary tube before charge-discharge and the hns of the 12 power batteries as 20, 18, 19, 15, 16, 18, 20, 22, 17, 16, 17 and 19 respectively, and recording the highest scale hn of the capillary tube in the charge-discharge processmaxHn of 12 power cellsmax40, 38, 37, 33, 38, 39, 40, 42, 39, 40, 38 and 41 respectively, if the battery generates bubbles in the circulation process, the battery is judged to be an abnormal battery, the abnormal battery is directly removed, and the minimum value of hn is selected by comparing hn recorded by different power batteries and is recorded as h0，h0＝15；
(5) Evaluating the power battery: hn-h0The values of (a) and (b) are recorded as ha, and ha of 12 power batteries is respectively 5, 3, 4, 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 2, 1, 2 and 4; hnmaxThe value of hn is denoted as hb, and hb for 12 power cells is 20, 20, 18, 18, 22, 21, 20, 20, 22, 24, 21, 22; the value of α ha + β hb is denoted hc, where α is 0.5 and β is 0.5; matching power batteries with similar performances: sorting hc from small to large, wherein the hc of 12 power batteries is respectively 12.5, 11.5, 11, 9, 11.5, 12, 12.5, 13.5, 12, 12.5, 11.5 and 13; when the batteries are used in a gradient manner, pairing and recombination are carried out according to the batteries with similar hc values.
When 4 strings are needed, 10 power batteries in the batch can be selected from batteries with the hc of 11.5, 11.5, 11.5 and 12 for recombination; when 6 strings are required, the 10 power batteries of the batch can be recombined by selecting the hc of the 10 power batteries to be 11.5, 11.5, 11.5, 12, 12 and 11.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1(CN107505575A)
A rapid assessment method for retired power batteries comprises the following processes:
step 1, placing a decommissioned battery pack on a test board, and firstly, measuring the capacity of the decommissioned battery pack by using charge and discharge equipment;
step 2, measuring the power and the internal resistance when the residual electric quantity of the retired battery pack is 20%;
step 3, fully charging the retired battery pack, and standing for 1 week;
and 4, finally, measuring the self-discharge rate of the retired battery pack.
Ex-service power cells were evaluated for examples 1-2 and comparative example 1, and the results shown in table 1 were obtained:
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the cost of detecting a retired battery is 0.1-0.4 yuan compared with 1-3 yuan for comparative example 1, the time of detecting a retired battery is 4h for the invention, and the time of detecting the retired battery is 1 week for comparative example 1, so that the detection and evaluation method of the invention can be seen to be low in evaluation cost and fast in evaluation time without using a precise charging and discharging instrument or an internal resistance testing instrument to monitor the capacity and current or resistance in the charging and discharging process. The detection and evaluation method can be compatible with the evaluation of the battery monomer and the module, a special BMS connection is not needed, and the evaluation dimension covers the service life of the battery.
The foregoing detailed description of a method for rapid diagnosis and evaluation of a power cell provided by the present invention has been presented using specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementations of the invention, and the above examples are provided only to aid in understanding the method and its core concepts, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the claims and may include other embodiments that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other embodiments are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal languages of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for rapidly diagnosing and evaluating a power battery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a power battery, and then charging the power battery to a cut-off voltage;
(2) separating the power battery and water in a container, vacuumizing, heating, preserving heat and pressure, releasing pressure, re-pressurizing and preserving pressure;
(3) the step (2) is circulated, the power battery is taken out, the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power battery are respectively connected with a charging and discharging device, the power battery is placed in a container containing a solvent, and the capillary tube is inserted into the container;
(4) performing constant-current charge-discharge circulation on the power battery, and recording the graduation hn of the capillary before charge-discharge and the highest graduation hn of the capillary in the charge-discharge processmaxComparing hn recorded by different power batteries, selecting the minimum value of hn and marking as h0；
(5) Evaluating the performance of the power batteries, and matching the power batteries with similar performance.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the vacuum pumping is performed to pump the pressure in the container to 3-20 kPa.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the heating temperature is 25-60 ℃; in the step (2), the heat preservation and pressure maintaining time is 2-30 min.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the pressurization is carried out by increasing the pressure in the container to 1 to 5 MPa; in the step (2), the pressure maintaining time is 2-30 min.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (3), the solvent is one of absolute ethanol, kerosene or glycerol.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (3), the solvent is filled in the solvent-containing container at a level of > 95% and the volume ratio of solvent to cell is < 3: 1.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the mixture is allowed to stand for 5-15min during charge and discharge switching, and is allowed to stand for 1-2h after the last cycle.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the step (2) is circulated 1-5 times; in the step (4), the cycle number in the cyclic charge and discharge is 1-5.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step (5), the evaluating the performance of the power cell: h is0Has a value of ha, hnmax-hn has the value hb, α ha + β hb has the value hc, where 0 < α < 1, β -1- α; in the step (5), the power batteries with similar performance are matched according to the requirement of the number of the batteries, different hc values are selected for power battery combination, and the relative standard deviation of the hc values of the group after combination is minimum.
10. Use of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in the field of battery recycling.
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