CN112098215A - High-low temperature adjustable biaxial stretching device and method - Google Patents
High-low temperature adjustable biaxial stretching device and method Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/18—Performing tests at high or low temperatures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0017—Tensile
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
- G01N2203/0222—Temperature
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0254—Biaxial, the forces being applied along two normal axes of the specimen
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
Abstract
The invention provides a high-low temperature adjustable biaxial stretching device and a method, wherein the device comprises an environment box, a base, an x positive stretching mechanism, an x negative stretching mechanism, a y positive stretching mechanism and a y negative stretching mechanism; the end part of the stretching cylinder of the x positive stretching mechanism, the end part of the stretching cylinder of the x negative stretching mechanism, the end part of the stretching cylinder of the y positive stretching mechanism and the end part of the stretching cylinder of the y negative stretching mechanism respectively penetrate through the round hole on one surface of the environment box in a sealing mode and extend into the environment box; the tested piece is positioned inside the environment box. Has the following advantages: the device can complete the transformation ratio/transformation ratio biaxial tension test of orthogonal double shafts based on the high-precision control of the alternating current servo motor under the condition of being provided with a heating device, can also perform uniaxial tension and compression tests, particularly realizes the temperature regulation during biaxial tension, realizes the comprehensive control on the performance of a stretched test piece, and further obtains the accurate biaxial tension performance of the tested test piece.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal material mechanical property experiments, and particularly relates to a high-low temperature adjustable biaxial stretching device and method.
Background
In the plate forming process, the plate is in a complex stress state in most cases, and the plate surface is generally in a bidirectional stress state. The deformation behaviors of the plate materials are obviously different under different stress states, and the difference is more obvious because the cold-rolled plate has obvious anisotropy. Therefore, the related research on the deformation behavior of the plate is far from enough by only adopting the material performance obtained by the traditional unidirectional tensile test method, and the excavation of the bidirectional loading mechanical property of the plate and the establishment of an accurate material model are urgent.
The method controls the load or displacement of two shafts to enable a central area to be in different stress strain states, so that any yield point of a double-pull area under different loading paths is obtained, and the method becomes a research hotspot in the field at present. From the industrial process of China, the demand of the bidirectional loading tester is more and more strong.
However, the existing bidirectional tension and compression testing machine in the world, which is mainly based on hydraulic control, has the problems of difficult accurate control of the tensile test, higher complexity of the device, poor on-site sanitary conditions of the testing machine and the like. In addition, the temperature is an important influence factor in the material processing and forming process, and how to flexibly adjust the temperature of the stretched test piece is also a problem to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a high-low temperature adjustable biaxial stretching device and a method, which can effectively solve the problems.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a high-low temperature adjustable biaxial stretching device, which comprises: the device comprises an environment box (1), a base (2), an x positive stretching mechanism (3-1), an x negative stretching mechanism (3-2), a y positive stretching mechanism (3-3) and a y negative stretching mechanism (3-4);
the base (2) comprises a central lathe bed, an x positive peripheral lathe bed, an x negative peripheral lathe bed, a y positive peripheral lathe bed and a y negative peripheral lathe bed; the center lathe bed comprises a center base (2-1) and a middle coaming (2-2); the middle coaming (2-2) is arranged outside the central base (2-1) in a surrounding manner; the x forward peripheral lathe bed penetrates through the middle coaming (2-2) and then is fixed with the front edge of the central base (2-1); the x negative direction peripheral lathe bed penetrates through the middle coaming (2-2) and is fixed with the rear edge of the central base (2-1); the y-direction peripheral lathe bed penetrates through the middle coaming (2-2) and then is fixed with the right side of the central base (2-1); the y negative direction peripheral lathe bed penetrates through the middle coaming (2-2) and then is fixed with the left side of the central base (2-1); the x positive direction peripheral bed body, the x negative direction peripheral bed body, the y positive direction peripheral bed body and the y negative direction peripheral bed body are arranged in a cross shape; the x positive direction peripheral bed body, the x negative direction peripheral bed body, the y positive direction peripheral bed body and the y negative direction peripheral bed body have the same structure, and include: the device comprises an upper base (2-3) and a lower base (2-4), wherein the upper base (2-3) is connected with the lower base (2-4) through a screw;
the x forward stretching mechanism (3-1) is fixed on the x forward peripheral bed body; the x negative direction stretching mechanism (3-2) is fixed on the x negative direction peripheral lathe bed; the y forward stretching mechanism (3-3) is fixed on the y forward peripheral bed body; the y-direction stretching mechanism (3-4) is fixed on the y-direction peripheral bed body;
the environment box (1) is fixed on the central base (2-1); round holes are formed in four sides of the environment box (1), and the end part of a stretching cylinder of the x positive stretching mechanism (3-1), the end part of a stretching cylinder of the x negative stretching mechanism (3-2), the end part of a stretching cylinder of the y positive stretching mechanism (3-3) and the end part of a stretching cylinder of the y negative stretching mechanism (3-4) respectively penetrate through the round holes in one surface of the environment box (1) in a sealing mode and extend into the environment box (1); the tested piece is positioned inside the environment box (1); the environment box (1) is an environment box with adjustable high and low temperatures.
Preferably, a cold air pipe and a hot air pipe are arranged in the environment box (1).
Preferably, the base (2) further comprises a horizontal adjusting ground foot (2-5);
the bottom of the x positive peripheral bed body, the bottom of the x negative peripheral bed body, the bottom of the y positive peripheral bed body and the bottom of the y negative peripheral bed body are respectively provided with one horizontal adjusting ground foot (2-5).
Preferably, the x positive stretching mechanism (3-1), the x negative stretching mechanism (3-2), the y positive stretching mechanism (3-3) and the y negative stretching mechanism (3-4) have the same structure.
Preferably, the x forward stretching mechanism (3-1) comprises an x forward lead screw module, an x forward stretching module and an x forward roller linear guide rail pair;
wherein, the positive lead screw module of x includes: the device comprises a nut seat connecting frame (3-1-4), a servo motor (3-1-5), a planet wheel speed reducer (3-1-6), a supporting end bearing seat (3-1-7), a fixed end bearing seat (3-1-8), a ball screw (3-1-9) and a nut seat (3-1-10);
a bottom plate (3-1-16) is fixedly arranged on the x forward peripheral lathe bed; the fixed end bearing blocks (3-1-8) and the supporting end bearing blocks (3-1-7) are oppositely arranged and are fixed on the bottom plates (3-1-16); one end of the ball screw (3-1-9) is fitted to the fixed-end bearing housing (3-1-8), the other end of the ball screw (3-1-9) is fitted to the support-end bearing housing (3-1-7), and the ball screw (3-1-9) is supported by the fixed-end bearing housing (3-1-8) and the support-end bearing housing (3-1-7);
the servo motor (3-1-5) is connected with one end of the planetary gear reducer (3-1-6), the other end of the planetary gear reducer (3-1-6) is connected with the ball screw (3-1-9) through a key, and the output power of the servo motor (3-1-5) is reduced by the planetary gear reducer (3-1-6) and then drives the ball screw (3-1-9) to rotate; the nut seat (3-1-10) is assembled on the ball screw (3-1-9); the nut seat connecting frame (3-1-4) is fixedly assembled on the nut seat (3-1-10);
the x forward stretching module comprises a front stretching seat (3-1-1), a stretching pressure sensor (3-1-2), a rear stretching seat (3-1-3), a stretching cylinder (3-1-11), a clamp mounting seat (3-1-12) and a clamp (3-1-13); the tension and pressure sensor (3-1-2) is arranged between the rear stretching seat (3-1-3) and the front stretching seat (3-1-1); the rear stretching seat (3-1-3) is fixed with the nut seat connecting frame (3-1-4); one end of the stretching cylinder (3-1-11) is fixed with the front stretching seat (3-1-1); the other end of the stretching cylinder (3-1-11) is assembled with the clamp (3-1-13) through the clamp mounting seat (3-1-12);
the x forward roller linear guide pair comprises: a silver feeding guide rail (3-1-14), a first silver feeding sliding block (3-1-15) and a second silver feeding sliding block (3-1-20); the upper silver guide rail (3-1-14) is fixedly arranged on the nut seat connecting frame (3-1-4); the first silver feeding sliding block (3-1-15) and the second silver feeding sliding block (3-1-20) are in sliding connection with the silver feeding guide rail (3-1-14); the bottom surface of the front stretching seat (3-1-1) is fixed with the first upper silver sliding block (3-1-15); the bottom surface of the rear stretching seat (3-1-3) is fixed with the second upper silver sliding block (3-1-20).
Preferably, the support end bearing seat (3-1-7) is connected with the reducer seat (3-1-17).
Preferably, the device also comprises a travel switch (3-1-18);
the travel switch (3-1-18) is installed on the side edge of the x forward roller linear guide rail pair through a screw and used for controlling the safety position of the first silver feeding sliding block (3-1-15) and the second silver feeding sliding block (3-1-20).
Preferably, the travel switches (3-1-18) are arranged in two numbers and are respectively arranged at the starting position and the end position of the movement of the sliding block.
Preferably, the device also comprises a grating ruler (3-1-19);
and the grating ruler (3-1-19) is positioned on the side edge of the x forward roller linear guide rail pair and used for measuring the displacement of the clamp.
The invention also provides a biaxial stretching method of the biaxial stretching device with adjustable high and low temperature, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, placing the tested test piece in the inner cavity of the environment box (1); respectively clamping four clamping edges of a tested test piece by a clamp of the x positive stretching mechanism (3-1), a clamp of the x negative stretching mechanism (3-2), a clamp of the y positive stretching mechanism (3-3) and a clamp of the y negative stretching mechanism (3-4);
s2, the input end of the upper computer is respectively connected with the tension and pressure sensors (3-1-2) of the stretching mechanisms, the travel switches (3-1-18), the grating ruler and the environment box control system; the output end of the upper computer is respectively connected with the servo motors (3-1-5) of the stretching mechanisms;
step S3, setting initial parameters on the interface of the upper computer, including: load, the servo motor speed of each stretching mechanism and the temperature of an environmental chamber;
step S4, the upper computer controls the temperature change in the environment box (1) through the environment box control system according to the initial parameters to enable the temperature in the environment box (1) to meet the test temperature, meanwhile, the upper computer drives the servo motors (3-1-5) of all the stretching mechanisms to act, and the tested test piece is stretched bidirectionally under the drive of the servo motors (3-1-5), namely: simultaneously stretching the tested test piece in the positive x direction, the negative x direction, the positive y direction and the negative y direction; in addition, in the process of carrying out biaxial tension on the tested test piece, the tension and pressure sensors (3-1-2) of all the tension mechanisms detect the change information of the tension borne by the tested test piece in real time, and upload the change information of the tension borne by the tested test piece to an upper computer in real time, and the change information is stored by the upper computer;
in addition, in the process of carrying out biaxial tension on the tested test piece, the grating rulers (3-1-19) of each tension mechanism measure the position change information of the clamp in real time, and upload the position change information of the clamp to an upper computer in real time, and the position change information is stored by the upper computer;
in addition, in the process of carrying out biaxial tension on the tested test piece, two travel switches (3-1-18) detect whether the clamp reaches the shortest travel and the longest travel in real time, so that the motion range of each tension mechanism is controlled, and the test safety is ensured;
and step S5, the upper computer obtains the biaxial tension performance of the tested test piece by analyzing the change information of the tensile force applied to the tested test piece, the temperature information in the environment temperature and the position change information of the clamp in a correlation manner.
The high-low temperature adjustable biaxial stretching device and the method provided by the invention have the following advantages:
the high-low temperature adjustable biaxial stretching device and the method can complete the transformation ratio proportion/transformation ratio biaxial stretching test of an orthogonal double shaft based on the high-precision control of the alternating current servo motor under the condition of being provided with a heating device, can also carry out the uniaxial stretching and compression tests, particularly realize the temperature adjustment during biaxial stretching, realize the comprehensive control on the performance of a stretched test piece and further obtain the accurate biaxial stretching performance of the tested test piece.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a biaxial stretching device with adjustable high and low temperatures according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective structural view of a biaxial stretching device with adjustable high and low temperatures according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the biaxial stretching device with adjustable high and low temperatures according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a front view of a base of a biaxial stretching device with adjustable high and low temperatures, provided by the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a front view of the stretching mechanism provided by the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a top view of a lead screw module according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is a left side view of the lead screw module provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The invention provides a high-low temperature adjustable biaxial stretching device which can complete a transformation ratio/strain rate biaxial stretching test of an orthogonal double shaft based on high-precision control of an alternating current servo motor under the condition of being provided with a heating device, can also perform a uniaxial stretching test and a compression test, particularly realizes temperature adjustment during biaxial stretching, realizes comprehensive control on the performance of a stretched test piece, and further obtains the accurate biaxial stretching performance of the tested test piece.
The invention provides a high-low temperature adjustable biaxial stretching device, which is combined with a figure 1 and a figure 2 and comprises an environment box 1, a base 2, an x positive stretching mechanism 3-1, an x negative stretching mechanism 3-2, a y positive stretching mechanism 3-3 and a y negative stretching mechanism 3-4;
the 4 stretching mechanisms are fixed on the upper part of the lower base and are arranged in a cross-shaped circumference. The invention can carry out the transformation ratio/the transformation ratio biaxial tension test of the orthogonal double shaft, and can also carry out the uniaxial tension test and the compression test; the temperature adjusting device is arranged in the environment box, so that a double-pull experiment with adjustable high and low temperature can be realized; the device has the functions of load control, displacement control, strain control and the like.
The base and the stretching mechanism are described in detail below:
base and environment box
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a high-low temperature adjustable biaxial stretching device provided by the present invention is shown, in which a base 2 includes a central bed, an x positive peripheral bed, an x negative peripheral bed, a y positive peripheral bed, and a y negative peripheral bed; the environmental chamber 1 is fixed to the central bed.
With reference to fig. 2, the central lathe bed comprises a central base 2-1 and a middle coaming 2-2; the middle coaming 2-2 is arranged outside the central base 2-1 in a surrounding manner; the x positive peripheral lathe bed penetrates through the middle coaming 2-2 and then is fixed with the front edge of the central base 2-1; the x negative direction peripheral lathe bed penetrates through the middle coaming 2-2 and then is fixed with the rear side of the central base 2-1; the y positive peripheral lathe bed penetrates through the middle coaming 2-2 and then is fixed with the right side of the central base 2-1; the y negative direction peripheral lathe bed penetrates through the middle coaming 2-2 and then is fixed with the left side of the central base 2-1; the x positive direction peripheral bed body, the x negative direction peripheral bed body, the y positive direction peripheral bed body and the y negative direction peripheral bed body are arranged in a cross shape; the structures of the x positive peripheral lathe bed, the x negative peripheral lathe bed, the y positive peripheral lathe bed and the y negative peripheral lathe bed are the same, and the method comprises the following steps: the upper base 2-3 and the lower base 2-4 are connected through screws, and the upper base 2-3 and the lower base 2-4 are connected through screws;
the base 2 also comprises horizontal adjusting feet 2-5; and horizontal adjusting feet 2-5 are respectively arranged at the bottoms of the x positive peripheral bed body, the x negative peripheral bed body, the y positive peripheral bed body and the y negative peripheral bed body and are used for adjusting the levelness of the base 2.
The environment box 1 is fixed on the central base 2-1; the four sides of the environment box 1 are provided with round holes, and the end part of the stretching cylinder of the x positive stretching mechanism 3-1, the end part of the stretching cylinder of the x negative stretching mechanism 3-2, the end part of the stretching cylinder of the y positive stretching mechanism 3-3 and the end part of the stretching cylinder of the y negative stretching mechanism 3-4 respectively pass through the round holes on one side of the environment box 1 in a sealing manner and extend into the environment box 1, so that the stretching cylinder is allowed to horizontally move in the environment box along the axis of the stretching cylinder, and the environment box is ensured to be relatively sealed. The tested piece is positioned inside the environment box 1; the environment box 1 is an environment box with adjustable high and low temperature.
A cold air pipe and a hot air pipe are arranged in the environment box 1, and the environment box 1 is closed and relatively closed. The temperature in the environment box can be flexibly adjusted.
(II) stretching mechanism
The x positive stretching mechanism 3-1, the x negative stretching mechanism 3-2, the y positive stretching mechanism 3-3 and the y negative stretching mechanism 3-4 are arranged and fixed on the base in a cross shape.
Wherein, the x forward stretching mechanism 3-1 is fixed on the x forward peripheral bed body; the x negative direction stretching mechanism 3-2 is fixed on the x negative direction peripheral bed body; the y forward stretching mechanism 3-3 is fixed on the y forward peripheral bed body; the y negative direction stretching mechanism 3-4 is fixed on the y negative direction peripheral lathe bed;
specifically, the x forward stretching mechanism 3-1 is fixed on the upper surface of the x forward upper base; the x negative direction stretching mechanism 3-2 is fixed on the x negative direction upper base; the y forward stretching mechanism 3-3 is fixed on the y forward upper base; and a y-direction stretching mechanism 3-4 is fixed on the upper surface of the base in the y direction.
The x positive stretching mechanism 3-1, the x negative stretching mechanism 3-2, the y positive stretching mechanism 3-3 and the y negative stretching mechanism 3-4 have the same structure. The following description will be given only by taking an x-direction stretching mechanism as an example:
with reference to fig. 5, the drawing mechanism of the present invention includes an x forward lead screw module, an x forward drawing module, and an x forward roller linear guide pair;
(2.1) x forward lead screw module:
referring to fig. 6, a top view of the x forward screw module in the x forward stretching mechanism 3-1 of the present invention is shown, the x forward screw module includes: the device comprises a nut seat connecting frame 3-1-4, a servo motor 3-1-5, a planet wheel speed reducer 3-1-6, a supporting end bearing seat 3-1-7, a fixed end bearing seat 3-1-8, a ball screw 3-1-9 and a nut seat 3-1-10;
fixedly mounting a bottom plate 3-1-16 on the x forward peripheral lathe bed; the fixed end bearing blocks 3-1-8 and the supporting end bearing blocks 3-1-7 are oppositely arranged and are fixed on the bottom plates 3-1-16; one end of the ball screw 3-1-9 is assembled to the fixed end bearing seat 3-1-8, the other end of the ball screw 3-1-9 is assembled to the supporting end bearing seat 3-1-7, and the ball screw 3-1-9 is supported through the fixed end bearing seat 3-1-8 and the supporting end bearing seat 3-1-7;
the servo motor 3-1-5 is connected with one end of the planet wheel speed reducer 3-1-6, the other end of the planet wheel speed reducer 3-1-6 is connected with the ball screw 3-1-9 through a key, and the output power of the servo motor 3-1-5 is reduced by the planet wheel speed reducer 3-1-6 and then drives the ball screw 3-1-9 to rotate; a nut seat 3-1-10 is assembled on the ball screw 3-1-9; a nut seat connecting frame 3-1-4 is fixedly assembled on the nut seat 3-1-10;
in practical application, the servo motor 3-1-5 is connected with one end of the planet wheel reducer 3-1-6 through a bolt to realize a speed reduction function; the other end of the planet wheel speed reducer 3-1-6 is connected with the ball screw 3-1-9 through a key to realize power transmission; the bearing seats 3-1-7 at the supporting end are fixed on the bottom plate 3-1-16 and are connected with the reducer seats 3-1-17 through screws; the fixed end bearing blocks 3-1-8 are fixed on the bottom plate 3-1-16, the end faces of the ball screws 3-1-9 are assembled to the supporting end bearing blocks 3-1-7, and the ball screws 3-1-9 are supported through the supporting end bearing blocks 3-1-7; the nut seat 3-1-10 is assembled on the ball screw 3-1-9 and is connected with the roller linear guide rail pair through the nut connecting frame 3-1-4.
(2.2) x forward stretching die set:
referring to FIG. 5, the x forward direction stretching module comprises a front stretching base 3-1-1, a stretching pressure sensor 3-1-2, a rear stretching base 3-1-3, a stretching cylinder 3-1-11, a clamp mounting base 3-1-12 and a clamp 3-1-13; a tension and pressure sensor 3-1-2 is arranged between the rear stretching seat 3-1-3 and the front stretching seat 3-1-1; the rear stretching seat 3-1-3 is fixed with the nut seat connecting frame 3-1-4 by means of screws and the like, so that the rear stretching seat 3-1-3 can be driven by the ball screw 3-1-9 to move on the x forward roller linear guide rail pair along the x direction; one end of the stretching cylinder 3-1-11 is fixed with the front stretching seat 3-1-1; the other end of the stretching cylinder 3-1-11 is provided with a clamp 3-1-13 through a clamp mounting seat 3-1-12; wherein, the stretching cylinder 3-1-11 is connected with the clamp mounting seat 3-1-12 through a screw. The stretching cylinder 3-1-11 is connected with the front stretching seat 3-1-1 through a screw and a bolt, and the front stretching seat 3-1-1 drives the stretching cylinder 3-1-11 to move in the x direction.
(2.3) x positive roller linear guide rail pair:
with reference to fig. 5 and 6, the x forward roller linear guide pair includes: the silver feeding guide rail 3-1-14, the first silver feeding sliding block 3-1-15 and the second silver feeding sliding block 3-1-20; the upper silver guide rail 3-1-14 is fixedly arranged on the nut seat connecting frame 3-1-4; the first silver feeding sliding block 3-1-15 and the second silver feeding sliding block 3-1-20 are both connected with the silver feeding guide rail 3-1-14 in a sliding manner; the bottom surface of the front stretching seat 3-1-1 is fixed with the first upper silver slide block 3-1-15; the bottom surface of the rear stretching seat 3-1-3 is fixed with the second upper silver slide block 3-1-20.
In addition, the invention also comprises travel switches 3-1-18;
the travel switch 3-1-18 is arranged on the side edge of the x forward roller linear guide rail pair through a screw and is used for controlling the safety position of the first silver-coated sliding block 3-1-15 and the second silver-coated sliding block 3-1-20.
In the concrete implementation, the number of the travel switches 3-1-18 is two, and the travel switches are respectively arranged at the starting position and the end position of the movement of the sliding block. One travel switch is used for limiting the travel of the sliding block so as to prevent the equipment from being damaged due to exceeding of the travel, and the other travel switch is used for limiting the shortest travel so as to prevent the occurrence of vehicle collision.
The invention also comprises a grating ruler 3-1-19;
and the grating ruler 3-1-19 is positioned on the side edge of the x forward roller linear guide rail pair and used for measuring the displacement of the clamp.
The drawing mechanism provided by the invention has the following characteristics:
(1) and four-axis coordinated motion in two directions is completed based on a servo motion control system. Load, displacement and strain closed-loop control, high response speed and high control precision.
(2) The planet wheel speed reducer is used as a speed reducer, and has the characteristics of high rigidity, high precision, high transmission efficiency, high torque/volume ratio and the like compared with other speed reducers such as a helical gear speed reducer, a worm gear sensor and the like.
(3) The heavy-load ball screw (or planetary ball screw) and rolling linear guide rail pair structure is adopted, the repeated positioning precision is high, the rigidity is good, and the working environment of experimenters is quiet and clean.
(4) The four shafts are relatively independent, not only can be subjected to biaxial tension tests and unidirectional tension tests, but also can be subjected to unidirectional compression tests, namely loading and unloading tests, so that a foundation is provided for researching material resilience, and the machine is multifunctional.
(5) The device is provided with the tension and pressure sensor, can test the real-time change of the tension borne by the cross test piece, and has compact structure, high measurement precision and strong unbalance loading resistance.
(6) Two travel switches are arranged on the side edge of the stretching mechanism and used for controlling two directions, so that the sliding block is ensured not to exceed the travel of the grating ruler, and the collision accident can be avoided.
(7) The grating ruler is arranged on the side edge of the stretching mechanism, is fixed on the upper base and is used for measuring the position change of the front stretching base in real time, and the resolution ratio is high.
The invention also provides a high-low temperature adjustable biaxial stretching method using the high-low temperature adjustable biaxial stretching device, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, placing the tested test piece in the inner cavity of the environment box 1; respectively clamping four clamping edges of a tested test piece by a clamp of an x positive direction stretching mechanism 3-1, a clamp of an x negative direction stretching mechanism 3-2, a clamp of a y positive direction stretching mechanism 3-3 and a clamp of a y negative direction stretching mechanism 3-4;
step S2, the input end of the upper computer is respectively connected with the tension pressure sensor 3-1-2, the travel switch 3-1-18, the grating ruler and the environment box control system of each stretching mechanism; the output end of the upper computer is respectively connected with the servo motors 3-1-5 of the stretching mechanisms;
step S3, setting initial parameters on the interface of the upper computer, including: load, the servo motor speed of each stretching mechanism and the temperature of an environmental chamber;
step S4, the upper computer controls the temperature change in the environment box 1 through the environment box control system according to the initial parameters, so that the temperature in the environment box 1 meets the test temperature, meanwhile, the upper computer drives the servo motors 3-1-5 of each stretching mechanism to act, and the tested test piece is stretched bidirectionally under the drive of the servo motors 3-1-5, namely: simultaneously stretching the tested test piece in the positive x direction, the negative x direction, the positive y direction and the negative y direction; specifically, when the servo motor acts, the servo motor is connected with the planetary gear reducer, the ball screw and the planetary gear reducer are connected through a key to complete power transmission to drive the ball screw to move, the x forward roller linear guide rail pair is connected with the ball screw through the nut connecting frame, and the front stretching seat and the rear stretching seat are both connected with the x forward roller linear guide rail pair to realize the movement of the stretching cylinder; through the above operations, the test piece can be subjected to bidirectional synchronous equal-proportion stretching, namely: the test piece is stretched towards the positive direction x, the negative direction x, the positive direction y and the negative direction y at the same time, and besides, the biaxial variable-proportion stretching of the test piece and the in-situ synchronous stretching of a single-pulled test piece can also be realized;
in addition, in the process of carrying out biaxial tension on the tested test piece, the tension and pressure sensors 3-1-2 of each tension mechanism detect the change information of the tension borne by the tested test piece in real time, upload the change information of the tension borne by the tested test piece to an upper computer in real time and store the change information by the upper computer;
in addition, in the process of carrying out biaxial tension on the tested test piece, the grating rulers 3-1-19 of each tension mechanism measure the position change information of the clamp in real time, and upload the position change information of the clamp to an upper computer in real time, and the position change information is stored by the upper computer;
in addition, in the process of carrying out biaxial tension on the tested test piece, the two travel switches 3-1-18 detect whether the clamp reaches the shortest travel and the longest travel in real time, so that the motion range of each tension mechanism is controlled, and the test safety is ensured;
and step S5, the upper computer obtains the biaxial tension performance of the tested test piece by analyzing the change information of the tensile force applied to the tested test piece, the temperature information in the environment temperature and the position change information of the clamp in a correlation manner.
In summary, the high-low temperature adjustable biaxial stretching device and method provided by the invention have the following advantages:
(1) the 4 groups of stretching mechanisms are arranged around the central base in a cross shape, and the upper base and the lower base are connected with the central base through bolts, so that the device is convenient to disassemble and install. The base is in a welding form, and has high strength and high rigidity.
(2) The whole machine is of an independent four-shaft structure, and each shaft is driven by an independent servo motor. The biaxial synchronous equal-proportion stretching of the cross test piece can be realized, and the biaxial variable-proportion stretching of the cross test piece and the in-situ synchronous stretching of a single-pull test piece can also be realized.
(3) Each shaft adopts double-guide-rail symmetrical arrangement, each guide rail is provided with 2 ball sliding blocks, and 4 sliding blocks bear overturning moment so as to ensure high rigidity and high precision of the whole machine in the test process.
(4) The stretching cylinder is cylindrical, has high rigidity and is beneficial to sealing.
(5) The chuck is convenient and flexible to disassemble, and can be replaced according to different materials and shapes of test pieces.
(6) The temperature in the environment box can be flexibly adjusted according to test requirements, and the lifting speed of the temperature is flexible and adjustable. The environment box is provided with a defrosting system, so that the wall surface of the box body can be prevented from frosting in a low-temperature environment.
(7) Each shaft is provided with a zero point, a positive limit and a negative limit travel switch, and the chuck automatically returns to the original position after the test is finished.
(8) And a high-precision tension and pressure sensor (the data acquisition precision can reach 0.03%) is adopted, and the measurement precision of the tension is ensured.
(9) And a high-precision absolute value grating ruler is used for realizing closed-loop control, and the precise control of the chuck force and the displacement is ensured.
(10) The force and displacement data acquisition, processing, display and storage functions can be realized.
(11) Can realize two control modes of force and displacement.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and such modifications and improvements should also be considered within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a high low temperature adjustable biaxial stretching device which characterized in that includes: the device comprises an environment box (1), a base (2), an x positive stretching mechanism (3-1), an x negative stretching mechanism (3-2), a y positive stretching mechanism (3-3) and a y negative stretching mechanism (3-4);
the base (2) comprises a central lathe bed, an x positive peripheral lathe bed, an x negative peripheral lathe bed, a y positive peripheral lathe bed and a y negative peripheral lathe bed; the center lathe bed comprises a center base (2-1) and a middle coaming (2-2); the middle coaming (2-2) is arranged outside the central base (2-1) in a surrounding manner; the x forward peripheral lathe bed penetrates through the middle coaming (2-2) and then is fixed with the front edge of the central base (2-1); the x negative direction peripheral lathe bed penetrates through the middle coaming (2-2) and is fixed with the rear edge of the central base (2-1); the y-direction peripheral lathe bed penetrates through the middle coaming (2-2) and then is fixed with the right side of the central base (2-1); the y negative direction peripheral lathe bed penetrates through the middle coaming (2-2) and then is fixed with the left side of the central base (2-1); the x positive direction peripheral bed body, the x negative direction peripheral bed body, the y positive direction peripheral bed body and the y negative direction peripheral bed body are arranged in a cross shape; the x positive direction peripheral bed body, the x negative direction peripheral bed body, the y positive direction peripheral bed body and the y negative direction peripheral bed body have the same structure, and include: the device comprises an upper base (2-3) and a lower base (2-4), wherein the upper base (2-3) is connected with the lower base (2-4) through a screw;
the x forward stretching mechanism (3-1) is fixed on the x forward peripheral bed body; the x negative direction stretching mechanism (3-2) is fixed on the x negative direction peripheral lathe bed; the y forward stretching mechanism (3-3) is fixed on the y forward peripheral bed body; the y-direction stretching mechanism (3-4) is fixed on the y-direction peripheral bed body;
the environment box (1) is fixed on the central base (2-1); round holes are formed in four sides of the environment box (1), and the end part of a stretching cylinder of the x positive stretching mechanism (3-1), the end part of a stretching cylinder of the x negative stretching mechanism (3-2), the end part of a stretching cylinder of the y positive stretching mechanism (3-3) and the end part of a stretching cylinder of the y negative stretching mechanism (3-4) respectively penetrate through the round holes in one surface of the environment box (1) in a sealing mode and extend into the environment box (1); the tested piece is positioned inside the environment box (1); the environment box (1) is an environment box with adjustable high and low temperatures.
2. The biaxial stretching device with adjustable high and low temperature as claimed in claim 1, wherein the environmental chamber (1) is internally provided with a cold air duct and a hot air duct.
3. The biaxial stretching device with adjustable high and low temperature according to claim 1, wherein the base (2) further comprises horizontal adjusting feet (2-5);
the bottom of the x positive peripheral bed body, the bottom of the x negative peripheral bed body, the bottom of the y positive peripheral bed body and the bottom of the y negative peripheral bed body are respectively provided with one horizontal adjusting ground foot (2-5).
4. The biaxial stretching device with adjustable high and low temperature as claimed in claim 1, wherein the x-direction stretching mechanism (3-1), the x-direction stretching mechanism (3-2), the y-direction stretching mechanism (3-3) and the y-direction stretching mechanism (3-4) are the same in structure.
5. The biaxial stretching device with adjustable high and low temperatures as claimed in claim 4, wherein the x forward stretching mechanism (3-1) comprises an x forward lead screw module, an x forward stretching module and an x forward roller linear guide rail pair;
wherein, the positive lead screw module of x includes: the device comprises a nut seat connecting frame (3-1-4), a servo motor (3-1-5), a planet wheel speed reducer (3-1-6), a supporting end bearing seat (3-1-7), a fixed end bearing seat (3-1-8), a ball screw (3-1-9) and a nut seat (3-1-10);
a bottom plate (3-1-16) is fixedly arranged on the x forward peripheral lathe bed; the fixed end bearing blocks (3-1-8) and the supporting end bearing blocks (3-1-7) are oppositely arranged and are fixed on the bottom plates (3-1-16); one end of the ball screw (3-1-9) is fitted to the fixed-end bearing housing (3-1-8), the other end of the ball screw (3-1-9) is fitted to the support-end bearing housing (3-1-7), and the ball screw (3-1-9) is supported by the fixed-end bearing housing (3-1-8) and the support-end bearing housing (3-1-7);
the servo motor (3-1-5) is connected with one end of the planetary gear reducer (3-1-6), the other end of the planetary gear reducer (3-1-6) is connected with the ball screw (3-1-9) through a key, and the output power of the servo motor (3-1-5) is reduced by the planetary gear reducer (3-1-6) and then drives the ball screw (3-1-9) to rotate; the nut seat (3-1-10) is assembled on the ball screw (3-1-9); the nut seat connecting frame (3-1-4) is fixedly assembled on the nut seat (3-1-10);
the x forward stretching module comprises a front stretching seat (3-1-1), a stretching pressure sensor (3-1-2), a rear stretching seat (3-1-3), a stretching cylinder (3-1-11), a clamp mounting seat (3-1-12) and a clamp (3-1-13); the tension and pressure sensor (3-1-2) is arranged between the rear stretching seat (3-1-3) and the front stretching seat (3-1-1); the rear stretching seat (3-1-3) is fixed with the nut seat connecting frame (3-1-4); one end of the stretching cylinder (3-1-11) is fixed with the front stretching seat (3-1-1); the other end of the stretching cylinder (3-1-11) is assembled with the clamp (3-1-13) through the clamp mounting seat (3-1-12);
the x forward roller linear guide pair comprises: a silver feeding guide rail (3-1-14), a first silver feeding sliding block (3-1-15) and a second silver feeding sliding block (3-1-20); the upper silver guide rail (3-1-14) is fixedly arranged on the nut seat connecting frame (3-1-4); the first silver feeding sliding block (3-1-15) and the second silver feeding sliding block (3-1-20) are in sliding connection with the silver feeding guide rail (3-1-14); the bottom surface of the front stretching seat (3-1-1) is fixed with the first upper silver sliding block (3-1-15); the bottom surface of the rear stretching seat (3-1-3) is fixed with the second upper silver sliding block (3-1-20).
6. The biaxial stretching device adjustable in high and low temperatures as claimed in claim 5, wherein the support end bearing seats (3-1-7) are connected with the reducer seats (3-1-17).
7. The biaxial stretching device with adjustable high and low temperature as claimed in claim 5, further comprising a stroke switch (3-1-18);
the travel switch (3-1-18) is installed on the side edge of the x forward roller linear guide rail pair through a screw and used for controlling the safety position of the first silver feeding sliding block (3-1-15) and the second silver feeding sliding block (3-1-20).
8. The biaxial stretching device with adjustable high and low temperature as claimed in claim 7, wherein the number of the travel switches (3-1-18) is two, and the travel switches are respectively installed at the starting position and the ending position of the slider movement.
9. The biaxial stretching device with adjustable high and low temperature as claimed in claim 5, further comprising a grating ruler (3-1-19);
and the grating ruler (3-1-19) is positioned on the side edge of the x forward roller linear guide rail pair and used for measuring the displacement of the clamp.
10. A biaxial stretching method of the biaxial stretching device with adjustable high and low temperature as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:
step S1, placing the tested test piece in the inner cavity of the environment box (1); respectively clamping four clamping edges of a tested test piece by a clamp of the x positive stretching mechanism (3-1), a clamp of the x negative stretching mechanism (3-2), a clamp of the y positive stretching mechanism (3-3) and a clamp of the y negative stretching mechanism (3-4);
s2, the input end of the upper computer is respectively connected with the tension and pressure sensors (3-1-2) of the stretching mechanisms, the travel switches (3-1-18), the grating ruler and the environment box control system; the output end of the upper computer is respectively connected with the servo motors (3-1-5) of the stretching mechanisms;
step S3, setting initial parameters on the interface of the upper computer, including: load, the servo motor speed of each stretching mechanism and the temperature of an environmental chamber;
step S4, the upper computer controls the temperature change in the environment box (1) through the environment box control system according to the initial parameters to enable the temperature in the environment box (1) to meet the test temperature, meanwhile, the upper computer drives the servo motors (3-1-5) of all the stretching mechanisms to act, and the tested test piece is stretched bidirectionally under the drive of the servo motors (3-1-5), namely: simultaneously stretching the tested test piece in the positive x direction, the negative x direction, the positive y direction and the negative y direction; in addition, in the process of carrying out biaxial tension on the tested test piece, the tension and pressure sensors (3-1-2) of all the tension mechanisms detect the change information of the tension borne by the tested test piece in real time, and upload the change information of the tension borne by the tested test piece to an upper computer in real time, and the change information is stored by the upper computer;
in addition, in the process of carrying out biaxial tension on the tested test piece, the grating rulers (3-1-19) of each tension mechanism measure the position change information of the clamp in real time, and upload the position change information of the clamp to an upper computer in real time, and the position change information is stored by the upper computer;
in addition, in the process of carrying out biaxial tension on the tested test piece, two travel switches (3-1-18) detect whether the clamp reaches the shortest travel and the longest travel in real time, so that the motion range of each tension mechanism is controlled, and the test safety is ensured;
and step S5, the upper computer obtains the biaxial tension performance of the tested test piece by analyzing the change information of the tensile force applied to the tested test piece, the temperature information in the environment temperature and the position change information of the clamp in a correlation manner.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112903432A (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2021-06-04 | 吉林大学 | Dentistry diaphragm elastic recovery testing arrangement |
| CN114397191A (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-04-26 | 上海交通大学 | Multi-factor composite environment bidirectional loading test system |
| CN115541388A (en) * | 2022-11-30 | 2022-12-30 | 浙江大学杭州国际科创中心 | Biaxial compression creep testing system and testing method under marine environment |
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2020
- 2020-10-14 CN CN202011097612.9A patent/CN112098215A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112903432A (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2021-06-04 | 吉林大学 | Dentistry diaphragm elastic recovery testing arrangement |
| CN112903432B (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2022-07-26 | 吉林大学 | Dentistry diaphragm elastic recovery testing arrangement |
| CN114397191A (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-04-26 | 上海交通大学 | Multi-factor composite environment bidirectional loading test system |
| CN115541388A (en) * | 2022-11-30 | 2022-12-30 | 浙江大学杭州国际科创中心 | Biaxial compression creep testing system and testing method under marine environment |
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