CN112079783B - 一类含氮杂环化合物及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
一类含氮杂环化合物及其制备方法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112079783B CN112079783B CN201910516321.XA CN201910516321A CN112079783B CN 112079783 B CN112079783 B CN 112079783B CN 201910516321 A CN201910516321 A CN 201910516321A CN 112079783 B CN112079783 B CN 112079783B
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- Prior art keywords
- nitrogen
- containing heterocyclic
- heterocyclic compound
- pharmaceutically acceptable
- alkyl
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- -1 Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000003444 anaesthetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003193 general anesthetic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 7
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N crotonic acid Chemical class C\C=C\C(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000006273 (C1-C3) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004209 (C1-C8) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000006557 (C2-C5) alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010534 nucleophilic substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 52
- 206010002091 Anaesthesia Diseases 0.000 abstract description 13
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- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 51
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 35
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-N L-Cysteine Chemical compound SC[C@H](N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 16
- NPUKDXXFDDZOKR-LLVKDONJSA-N etomidate Chemical class CCOC(=O)C1=CN=CN1[C@H](C)C1=CC=CC=C1 NPUKDXXFDDZOKR-LLVKDONJSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 16
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- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 16
- 229960002433 cysteine Drugs 0.000 description 14
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- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 9
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 9
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
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- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- OLBCVFGFOZPWHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N propofol Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC(C(C)C)=C1O OLBCVFGFOZPWHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229960004134 propofol Drugs 0.000 description 8
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- DRAFVCKNYNQOKR-GFCCVEGCSA-N (1-methoxycarbonylcyclopropyl) 3-[(1r)-1-phenylethyl]imidazole-4-carboxylate Chemical compound C=1N=CN([C@H](C)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=1C(=O)OC1(C(=O)OC)CC1 DRAFVCKNYNQOKR-GFCCVEGCSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000004191 (C1-C6) alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000006577 C1-C6 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000000882 C2-C6 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000003601 C2-C6 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 5
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 5
- 230000011514 reflex Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229960002078 sevoflurane Drugs 0.000 description 5
- DFEYYRMXOJXZRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sevoflurane Chemical compound FCOC(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F DFEYYRMXOJXZRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229940024606 amino acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
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- 125000004649 C2-C8 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有中枢抑制作用的含氮杂环化合物及其制备方法和用途。
背景技术
全身麻醉药物蓄积是临床麻醉面临的重大挑战。麻醉药物蓄积带来的危害巨大,其中最为重要的危害是苏醒延迟,苏醒延迟的最主要原因也正是麻醉药物蓄积(MillerRD,editor.Miller's Anesthesia.7th ed.United States of America:Elsevier,Churchill;2010.pp.2722–3.)。全身麻醉以后生理功能全面恢复的时期称为全麻苏醒期,可以分为四个阶段:①麻醉深度减浅,感觉和运动功能逐渐恢复期。②出现自主呼吸,通气量逐渐能够满足机体需要期。③呼吸道反射恢复期。④神志清醒,定向力、记忆力及思维能力渐恢复期。若全麻结束后超过90min患者仍然意识不清,即为全麻苏醒延迟。苏醒延迟的病人,其呼吸、循环等基本生命体征和其他保护性反射仍被一定程度地抑制,需要医护人员继续使用药物和医疗仪器维持病人生命,直至麻醉药物被机体代谢、病人彻底苏醒方可,这无疑增加了病人的风险、经济负担和医护人员的劳动强度。此外,苏醒延迟可能对患者的多个系统造成损害。如果患者发生苏醒延迟而未得到相应的处理,其呼吸系统并发症的发生率会升高(Parr SM.Anaesth Intensive Care.1991;19:369–72)。苏醒延迟的病人还可能发生异常的神经兴奋症状,这可能是由脑内兴奋性和抑制性通路的失衡引起(Islander G,Vinge E.Acta Anaesthesiol Scand.2000;44:144–9)。
目前所有的全身麻醉药物均会引起不同程度的蓄积,增加苏醒延迟风险。目前临床主流的全身麻醉药物为丙泊酚和七氟醚,但两者在持续给药后仍会引起明显的药物蓄积。丙泊酚在长时间持续给药之后其唤醒时间将延迟至90分钟,拔管延迟更是会延长至约5小时(Mesnil M.Intensive Care Med.2011;37(6):933-41.),且在有其他药物共同作用的情况下持续使用丙泊酚后的恢复时间变得不可预测(Tryba M and Kulka PJ.Drugs.1993;45(3):338-52)。七氟醚是一种吸入麻醉剂,由于可以通过增加机械通气的频率而调节其经肺排除的速率,其清除时间具有一定的可控性,但长时间使用后的拔管延迟仍长达30分钟。此外,为了加快七氟醚的呼出而过度机械通气的行为将会对患者的气道造成损伤,并引起二氧化碳分压下降等不良反应。可以预见,丙泊酚和七氟醚在长时间使用后,患者达到如前所述的完全苏醒状态(第④阶段)所需的时间将更长。
综上,目前尚未出现能快速可控地减轻乃至消除全身麻醉药物蓄积的产品或技术,全身麻醉药物蓄积对患者造成的危害仍缺乏有力应对手段,全身麻醉药物的蓄积问题仍有待解决。
发明内容
针对上述情况,本发明的目的是提供一类含氮杂环化合物,及其制备方法和用途。
本发明提供了一类含氮杂环化合物、或其光学异构体、或其立体异构体、或其溶剂化物、或其药学上可接受的盐或其晶体、或其共晶、或其同位素替换形式,其特征在于:所述含氮杂环化合物的结构如式(Ⅰ)所示,
其中R0不存在或为H或为C1~8的烃基;R1为H或C1~8的烃基或C2~5的撑基,当R1为撑基时R0不存在;R2为C1~10的烃基;R3为H或C1~5烷基或卤素;R4为氢或C1~5烷基或卤素;R5各自独立地任选为F、Cl、Br、C1~6的烷基、OH、烷氧基,n=0~5的整数;R6为C1~6的烷基;X和Y分别独立为H、烷基、卤素、CN、CF3、SR7、SOR7、SO2R7、OR7、COOH、COOR7、N(R7)2、NHR7、NO2或R7;Z为N或CR7;R7为H或C1~6的烃基。
进一步地,其中R0和R1为H;R2为C1~5的烷基或环烷基;R3为H或C1~2的烷基或卤素;R4为氢或C1~2的烷基或卤素;n=0;R6为甲基;X为H或卤素;Y为H或卤素;Z为N。
进一步地,其中R0和R1均为甲基;R2为C1~5的烷基或环烷基;R3为H或C1~2的烷基或卤素;R4为氢或C1~2的烷基或卤素;n=0;R6为甲基;X为H或卤素;Y为H或卤素;Z为N。
进一步地,其中R0不存在,R1为C2~3的撑基;R2为C1~5的烷基或环烷基;R3为H或C1~2的烷基或卤素;R4为氢或C1~2的烷基或卤素;n=0;R6为甲基;X为H或卤素;Y为H或卤素;Z为N。
进一步地,其中R0为H,R1为C1~3的烷基或环烷基;R2为C1~5的烷基或环烷基;R3为H或C1~2的烷基或卤素;R4为氢或C1~2的烷基或卤素;n=0;R6为甲基;X为H或卤素;Y为H或卤素;Z为N。
进一步地,所述优选的化合物选自以下结构之一:
本发明还提供了一种制备上述含氮杂环化合物的方法,所述制备方法是使用含氮杂环甲酸A,与4-卤代丁烯酸酯衍生物B,在碱存在的情况下进行亲核取代反应:
此外,对于卤原子所处的化学环境位阻巨大的情况,可使用氮杂环甲酸化合物A的银盐A’,与4-卤代丁烯酸酯衍生物B在DMF中于室温至100℃温度范围内搅拌24小时,经后处理和柱层析纯化即可制备得目标化合物:
其中,Q为卤原子;n、R1~R6、X、Y、Z如上所述。
本发明还提供了上述含氮杂环化合物、或其光学异构体、或其立体异构体、或其溶剂化物、或其药学上可接受的盐或其晶体、或其共晶、或其同位素替换形式作为对人或动物产生镇静催眠和/或麻醉作用的中枢抑制性药物的用途;
优选地,所述中枢抑制性药物为麻醉药物。
本发明还提供了一种药物组合物,所述药物组合物是以上述含氮杂环化合物、或其光学异构体、或其立体异构体、或其溶剂化物、或其药学上可接受的盐或其晶体、或其共晶、或其同位素替换形式为活性成分,加上药学上可接受的辅料组成。
本发明还提供了一种药物制剂,所述药物制剂是由上述的药物组合物和载体组成的制剂,或由上述的药物组合物和赋形剂组成的制剂。
除非有相反的陈述,在说明书和权利要求中使用的术语具有下述含义。
“共晶”是指化合物的两种或两种以上晶体的混合物。
“同位素替换形式”是指所述化合物中的一个或多个原子被其同位素所替换所得到的化合物。比如,本发明所述基团和化合物中所涉及的碳、氢、氧、硫、氮或卤素均包括它们的同位素,及本发明所述基团和化合物中所涉及的碳、氢、氧、硫、氮或卤素任选进一步被一个或多个它们对应的同位素所替代,其中碳的同位素包括12C、13C和14C,氢的同位素包括氕(H)、氘(D,又称为重氢)和氚(T,又称为超重氢),氧的同位素包括16O、17O、和18O,硫的同位素包括32S、33S、34S、和36S,氮的同位素包括14N和15N,氟的同位素19F,氯的同位素35Cl和37Cl,溴的同位素79Br和81Br。
“烃基”是指直链或支链、饱和或不饱和的只含有碳和氢的一价基团,包括烷基、烯基和炔基。所述的烃基可以任选进一步被0、1、2、3、4或5个选自F、Cl、Br、I、=O、羟基、-SR7、硝基、氰基、C1-6烷基、C1-6羟基烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C3-8碳环基、3至8元杂环基、-(CH2)p-(C=O)-SR7、-(CH2)a-(C=O)-O-R7、-(CH2)p-(C=O)-NR7R7a、-(CH2)p-S(C=O)q-R7、-O-(=O)-O-R7或者-NR7R7a的取代基所取代,其中R7和R7a各自独立选自H、羟基、氨基、羧基、C1-8烷基、C1-8烷氧基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、3至10元碳环基、4至10元杂环基、3至10元碳环氧基或者4至10元杂环基氧基,p选自0、1、2、3、4或者5,q选自0、1或者2。本文中出现的烃基、p、q、R7和R7a,其定义如上所述。
“烷基”是指直链和支链的一价饱和烃基,主链包括1至10个碳原子,优选为1至8个碳原子,进一步优选为1至6个碳原子,更优选为1至4个碳原子的直链与支链基团,最优选为1至两个碳原子。所述烷基包括但不限于甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、2-戊基、3-戊基、2-甲基-2-丁基、3-甲基-2-丁基、正己基、正庚基、正辛基、正壬基和正癸基;所述的烷基可以任选进一步被0、1、2、3、4或5个选自F、Cl、Br、I、=O、羟基、-SR7、硝基、氰基、C1-6烷基、C1-6羟基烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C3-8碳环基、3至8元杂环基、-(CH2)p-(C=O)-SR7、-(CH2)a-(C=O)-O-R7、-(CH2)p-(C=O)-NR7R7a、-(CH2)p-S(C=O)q-R7、-O-(=O)-O-R7或者-NR7R7a的取代基所取代,其中R7和R7a各自独立选自H、羟基、氨基、羧基、C1-8烷基、C1-8烷氧基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、3至10元碳环基、4至10元杂环基、3至10元碳环氧基或者4至10元杂环基氧基,p选自0、1、2、3、4或者5,q选自0、1或者2。本文中出现的烷基、p、q、R7和R7a,其定义如上所述。
“烷氧基”是指O-烷基的一价基团,其中,烷基如本文所定义。所述烷氧基包括但不限于甲氧基、乙氧基、1-丙氧基、2-丙氧基、1-丁氧基、2-甲基-1-丙氧基、2-丁氧基、2-甲基-2-丙氧基等。本文中出现的烷氧基,其定义如上所述。
“烯基”是指直链和支链的一价不饱和烃基,其具有至少一个,通常有1、2或3个碳碳双键,主链包括2至10个碳原子,进一步优选2至6个碳原子,更优选在主链上有2至4个碳原子。所述烯基包括但不限于乙烯基、丙烯基、1-丙烯基、2-丙烯基、1-丁烯基、2-丁烯基、3-丁烯基、1-戊烯基、2-戊烯基、3-戊烯基、4-戊烯基、1-甲基-1-丁烯基、2-甲基-1-丁烯基2-甲基-3-丁烯基、1-己烯基、2-己烯基、3-己烯基、4-己烯基、5-己烯基、1-甲基-1-戊烯基、2-甲基-1-戊烯基、1-庚烯基、2-庚烯基、3-庚烯基、4-庚烯基、1-辛烯基、3-辛烯基、1-壬烯基、3-壬烯基、1-癸烯基、4-癸烯基、1,3-丁二烯、1,3-戊二烯、1,4-戊二烯和、1,4-己二烯等;所述的烯基可以任选进一步被0、1、2、3、4或5个选自F、Cl、Br、I、=O、羟基、-SR7、硝基、氰基、C1-6烷基、C1-6羟基烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C3-8碳环基、3至8元杂环基、-(CH2)p-(C=O)-SR7、-(CH2)p-(C=O)-O-R7、-(CH2)q-(C=O)-NR7R7a、-(CH2)p-S(C=O)q-R7、-O-(=O)-O-R7或者-NR7R7a的取代基所取代。本文中出现的烯基,其定义如上所述。
“炔基”是指直链和支链的一价不饱和烃基,其具有至少一个,通常有1、2或3个碳碳三键。所述炔基包括但不限于乙炔基、1-丙炔基、2-丙炔基、丁炔基、2-丁炔基、3-丁炔基、1-甲基-2-丙炔基、3-戊炔基、4-戊炔基、1-甲基-2-丁炔基、2-己炔基、2-庚炔基、3-庚炔基、4-庚炔基、3-辛炔基、3-壬炔基和4-壬炔基等;所述的炔基可以任选进一步被0、1、2、3、4或5个选自F、Cl、Br、I、=O、羟基、-SR7、硝基、氰基、C1-6烷基、C1-6羟基烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C3-8碳环基、3至8元杂环基、-(CH2)p-(C=O)-SR7、-(CH2)p-(C=O)-O-R7、-(CH2)p-(C=O)-NR7R7a、-(CH2)p-S(C=O)q-R7、-O-(=O)-O-R7或者-NR7R7a的取代基所取代。本文中出现的炔基,其定义如上所述。
“环烷基”是指一价饱和的碳环烃基,通常有3至10个碳原子,包括但不限于环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基或环庚基等。所述的环烷基可以任选进一步被0、1、2、3、4或5个选自F、Cl、Br、I、=O、羟基、-SR7、硝基、氰基、C1-6烷基、C1-6羟基烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C3-8碳环基、3至8元杂环基、-(CH2)p-(C=O)-SR7、-(CH2)p-(C=O)-O-R7、-(CH2)p-(C=O)-NR7R7a、-(CH2)p-S(C=O)q-R7、-O-(C=O)-O-R7或者-NR7R7a的取代基所取代。本文中出现的环烷基,其定义如上所述。“任选”是指随后所描述的事情或环境可以但不必须发生,该说明包括事件或环境发生或不发生的场合。如:“R5任选为甲氧基”指R5可以是甲氧基,也可以不是甲氧基,说明包括R5为甲氧基和不为甲氧基的情形。
“药物组合物”表示一种或多种文本所述的化合物或其生理学/药学上可接受的盐与其它组成成分的混合物,其中其它组分包含生理学/药学上可接受的载体和赋形剂。
“载体”指的是不会对生物体产生明显刺激且不会消除所给予化合物的生物活性和特性的载体或稀释剂。
“赋形剂”指的是加入到药物组合物中以进一步依赖于化合物给药的惰性物质。赋形剂的实例包括但不限于碳酸钙、磷酸钙、各种糖和不同类型的淀粉、纤维素衍生物(包括微晶纤维素)、明胶、植物油、聚乙二醇类、稀释剂、成粒剂、润滑剂、粘合剂、崩解剂等。
“立体异构体”是指由分子中原子在空间上排列方式不同所产生的异构体,包括顺反异构体、对映异构体和构象异构体。
“溶剂化物”指本发明化合物或其盐,它们包括以分子间非共价力结合的化学计量或非化学计量的溶剂。当溶剂为水时,则为水合物。
本专利所述的化合物可在动物体内产生快速、可逆的麻醉效果。此外,这类化合物还意想不到地具备一种分子反应特异性,具体是指这类化合物可以与半胱氨酸、谷胱甘肽等安全性高的巯基化合物,在体外pH和温度接近生理状况的条件下,迅速地发生化学反应,生成不具备麻醉效应的产物。这种分子反应特异性在体内仍得以保持。动物实验显示,本专利所述化合物在动物体内引起的麻醉效果,可以在给予一定量的半胱氨酸分子后,迅速地被解除,实现麻醉时间的可控和麻醉状态的快速终止。本专利的发明内容,可彻底地解决全身麻醉药物的蓄积问题,减轻患者麻醉风险和医疗负担,降低医疗资源的占用。
本专利所述的化合物其结构属依托咪酯衍生物,但具备了目前所报道的所有依托咪酯衍生物所不具备的独特化学反应性。本专利药理实验使用常见的静脉全身麻醉药物依托咪酯、丙泊酚和处于临床研发阶段的依托咪酯类似物CPMM(Campagna JA,2014,Anesthesiology,121(6):1203-16)作为对照药物,以揭示本专利所述化合物的不同特点。
以下结合实施例的具体实施方式,对本发明的上述内容再作进一步的详细说明。但不应将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实例。在不脱离本发明上述技术思想情况下,根据本领域普通技术知识和惯用手段做出的各种替换或变更,均应包括在本发明的范围内。
附图说明
图1为化合物8以超临界流体色谱分离的结果。
具体实施方式
本发明所用原料与设备均为已知产品,通过购买市售产品所得。
实施例1
将1mmol依托咪酯酸(CAS:56649-48-0)溶于20mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中,加入1mmol 4-溴-巴豆酸甲酯(CAS:1117-71-1),加入2mmol无水碳酸钾粉末。室温搅拌20分钟,过滤。将滤液冲入120mL水中,用50mL乙酸乙酯萃取,有机层水洗1次。加入适量无水硫酸钠干燥有机层8小时,过滤,滤液减压蒸干,残余物用硅胶柱层析纯化(环己烷v/乙酸乙酯v=3:1),得无色透明油状物1.2g,产率:38.2%。
1HNMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ:1.85(3H,d,J=8Hz),3.82(3H,s),4.80~4.92(2H,m),5.99~6.04(1H,m),6.27~6.33(1H,m),6.93~6.96(1H,m),7.16~7.32(m,5H),7.75(1H,s),7.86(1H,s).
实施例2
将1mmol依托咪酯酸(CAS:56649-48-0)溶于20mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中,加入1mmol 4-溴-(E)巴豆酸乙酯(CAS:37746-78-4),加入2mmol无水碳酸钾粉末。室温搅拌20分钟,过滤。将滤液冲入120mL水中,用50mL乙酸乙酯萃取,有机层水洗1次。加入适量无水硫酸钠干燥有机层8小时,过滤,滤液减压蒸干,残余物用硅胶柱层析纯化(环己烷v/乙酸乙酯v=3:1),得无色透明油状物1.61g,产率:49.1%。
1HNMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ:1.30(3H,t,J=8Hz),1.87(3H,d,J=8Hz),4.21(2H,q,J=8Hz),4.81~4.93(2H,m),6.00~6.05(1H,m),6.29~6.35(1H,m),6.95~6.99(1H,m),7.17~7.34(m,5H),7.77(1H,s),7.85(1H,s).
实施例3
将1mmol依托咪酯酸(CAS:56649-48-0)溶于20mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中,加入1mmol 4-溴-巴豆酸异丙酯(CAS:29619-54-3),加入2mmol无水碳酸钾粉末。室温搅拌20分钟,过滤。将滤液冲入120mL水中,用50mL乙酸乙酯萃取,有机层水洗1次。加入适量无水硫酸钠干燥有机层8小时,过滤,滤液减压蒸干,残余物用硅胶柱层析纯化(环己烷v/乙酸乙酯v=3:1),得无色透明油状物1.72g,产率:50.3%。
1HNMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ:1.17(6H,d,J=8Hz),1.85(3H,d,J=8Hz),4.78~4.94(3H,m),6.02~6.06(1H,m),6.25~6.31(1H,m),6.92~6.96(1H,m),7.18~7.36(m,5H),7.71(1H,s),7.83(1H,s).
实施例4
将1mmol依托咪酯酸银盐混合在20mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中,加入1mmol 4-氯-4乙撑基-巴豆酸甲酯(CAS:681128-30-3)。室温搅拌过夜,过滤。将滤液冲入120mL水中,用50mL乙酸乙酯萃取,有机层水洗1次。加入适量无水硫酸钠干燥有机层8小时,过滤,滤液减压蒸干,残余物用硅胶柱层析纯化(环己烷v/乙酸乙酯v=3:1),得无色透明油状物1.70g,产率:50.0%。
1HNMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ:0.68~0.86(4H,m),1.88(3H,d,J=8Hz),3.75(3H,s),6.03~6.08(1H,m),6.32~6.37(1H,m),6.99~7.02(1H,m),7.16~7.33(m,5H),7.75(1H,s),7.83(1H,s).
实施例5
将1mmol依托咪酯酸银盐混合在20mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中,加入1mmol 3-甲基-4-氯-4乙撑基-巴豆酸甲酯(CAS:2111920-96-6),加入2mmol无水碳酸钾粉末。室温搅拌20分钟,过滤。将滤液冲入120mL水中,用50mL乙酸乙酯萃取,有机层水洗1次。加入适量无水硫酸钠干燥有机层8小时,过滤,滤液减压蒸干,残余物用硅胶柱层析纯化(环己烷v/乙酸乙酯v=3:1),得无色透明油状物1.68g,产率:47.4%。
1HNMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ:0.68~0.89(4H,m),1.84(3H,d,J=8Hz),2.13(3H,s),3.76(3H,s),6.01~6.05(1H,m),6.31~6.36(1H,m),7.15~7.34(m,5H),7.80(1H,s),7.84(1H,s).
实施例6
将1mmol依托咪酯酸银盐混合在20mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中,加入1mmol 4-甲基-4-溴-2-烯-戊酸甲酯(CAS:104706-80-1),加入2mmol无水碳酸钾粉末。室温搅拌20分钟,过滤。将滤液冲入120mL水中,用50mL乙酸乙酯萃取,有机层水洗1次。加入适量无水硫酸钠干燥有机层8小时,过滤,滤液减压蒸干,残余物用硅胶柱层析纯化(环己烷v/乙酸乙酯v=3:1),得无色透明油状物1.58g,产率:46.2%。
1HNMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ:1.50(6H,s),1.82(3H,d,J=8Hz),2.11(3H,s),3.74(3H,s),6.00~6.03(1H,m),6.30~6.35(1H,m),7.12~7.32(m,5H),7.81(1H,s),7.85(1H,s).
实施例7
将1mmol依托咪酯酸(CAS:56649-48-0)溶于20mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中,加入1mmol 4-氯-2-氯-巴豆酸甲酯(CAS:123489-00-9),加入2mmol无水碳酸钾粉末。45℃搅拌4小时,过滤。将滤液冲入120mL水中,用50mL乙酸乙酯萃取,有机层水洗1次。加入适量无水硫酸钠干燥有机层8小时,过滤,滤液减压蒸干,残余物用硅胶柱层析纯化(环己烷v/乙酸乙酯v=3:1),得无色透明油状物1.78g,产率:51.0%。
1HNMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ:1.83(3H,d,J=8Hz),3.81(3H,s),4.79~4.90(2H,m),6.25~6.34(1H,m),7.15~7.31(m,6H),7.76(1H,s),7.88(1H,s).
实施例8
将1mmol依托咪酯酸(CAS:56649-48-0)溶于20mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中,加入1mmol 4-氯-4-甲基巴豆酸异丙酯(CAS:89893-47-0),加入2mmol无水碳酸钾粉末。45℃搅拌4小时,过滤。将滤液冲入120mL水中,用50mL乙酸乙酯萃取,有机层水洗1次。加入适量无水硫酸钠干燥有机层8小时,过滤,滤液减压蒸干,残余物用硅胶柱层析纯化(环己烷v/乙酸乙酯v=3:1),得无色透明油状物1.34g,产率:37.6%。
1HNMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ:1.18~1.20(6H,m),1.31~1.33(3H,m),1.84~1.85(3H,m),4.92~4.95(1H,m),5.53~5.54(1H,m),5.0-90~5.95(1H,m),6.29~6.31(1H,m),6.80~6.87(1H,m),7.18~7.20(5H,m),7.78(1H,s),8.33(1H,d,J=6Hz).
实施例9
将化合物8以超临界流体色谱(SFC)分离,可获得化合物8的S型异构体和R型异构体,分离条件如下:
如图1所示,其中2~3分钟之间的出峰物质为R型异构体,3~5分钟之间的出峰物质为S型异构体。
实施例10
将500mg化合物8溶于乙酸乙酯,通入适量干燥氯化氢气体,随后蒸干溶剂,经柱层析(二氯甲烷/甲醇=10/1)得化合物8的盐酸盐320mg。
1HNMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ:1.20~1.22(6H,m),1.32~1.35(3H.m),1.89~1.91(3H,m),4.94~4.97(1H,m),5.59~5.60(1H,m),5.90~5.95(1H,m),6.81~6.86(1H,m),7.30~7.37(5H,m),8.45(1H,s),9.44(1H,d,J=7.2Hz).
实施例11
将500mg化合物8溶于甲醇,加入等摩尔的苯磺酸,搅拌1小时后蒸干溶剂,经柱层析(二氯甲烷/甲醇=10/1)得化合物8的苯磺酸盐290mg。
1HNMR(D2O,400MHz)δ:1.18~1.20(6H,m),1.31~1.34(3H.m),1.86~1.90(3H,m),4.92~4.96(1H,m),5.55~5.58(1H,m),5.91~5.94(1H,m),6.82~6.85(1H,m),7.31~7.39(5H,m),7.71~7.92(5H,m),8.49(1H,s),9.48(1H,d,J=7.2Hz).
实施例12
其余具体化合物的合成方法与实施例1~8类似,通用的合成方法是:使用等摩尔的含氮杂环甲酸化合物A与4-卤代丁烯酸酯衍生物B(Z为卤原子),在碱(如:碳酸钾)作用下,以DMF为溶剂,在室温至75℃温度范围内搅拌20min~240min,经后处理和柱层析纯化即可制备得目标化合物。此外,对于卤原子Z所处的化学环境位阻巨大的情况,可使用氮杂环甲酸化合物A的银盐A’,与4-卤代丁烯酸酯衍生物B(Q为卤原子)在DMF中于室温至65℃温度范围内搅拌24~48小时,经后处理和柱层析纯化即可制备得目标化合物。
卤原子Q位阻较小时,目标化合物的合成通法:
卤原子Q位阻较大时,目标化合物的合成通法:
表1化合物9~50的结构与氢谱
以下通过实验证明本发明化合物的有益效果。
实施例13
将3mg待测化合物溶解在1mL二甲亚砜中,加入pH值7.48的PBS缓冲溶液19mL进行稀释,得均一透明溶液,立即使用高效液相色谱法测定该溶液中待测化合物的含量(归一化法)。梯度洗脱:0~4min(10%甲醇/水),4~20min(10%甲醇~70%甲醇),20~30min(70%甲醇),流动相流速为1mL/min,紫外检测器设定在254nm,柱温37℃,每次进样20微升。测定了溶液中待测化合物的初始含量后,将溶液平均分为两份,其中一份加入10mg半胱氨酸盐酸盐一水合物,溶解后与另一份溶液同时于37℃孵育,两份溶液分别取孵育5min,35min,65min的溶液进样,测定待测化合物的含量变化(归一化法)。
表2各化合物在不同时间点的含量变化
实验结果证明,本专利所述的化合物在半胱氨酸存在时,在pH值和温度接近生理状态的溶液中,可以迅速发生化学反应,使得其含量迅速降低。而在没有半胱氨酸的情况下,本专利所述化合物的分解速度缓慢,与依托咪酯和CPMM相比无明显差异。依托咪酯和CPMM无论溶液中是否存在半胱氨酸,均只发生极为缓慢的水解。
此外,将半胱氨酸替换为甘氨酸,苯丙氨酸等非巯基氨基酸后,本专利所述化合物未能表现出含量快速降低的特点,仅显示缓慢的水解,且与未加入氨基酸时的分解情况类似。上述实验说明,本专利所述化合物仅与巯基氨基酸发生快速的反应,具有分子反应特异性。
实施例14
将雄性SD大鼠随机分组,每组10只,每组大鼠分别给与予不同的等效剂量(即2倍ED50剂量)药物(组别:药物名称)或给予等效剂量的药物后1min静脉追加给予10mg/kg半胱氨酸(组别:药物名称+Cys),以给药后翻正反射的维持时间作为麻醉持续时间。各药物溶剂统一为脂肪乳剂。具体情况见表3
表3化合物大鼠体内单次给药苏醒时间
上述实验结果可以看出,依托咪酯、丙泊酚和CPMM组的大鼠无论是否追加半胱氨酸,其麻醉持续时间均未见明显改变。而本专利所述的化合物,在追加给予了半胱氨酸后,其麻醉时间普遍缩短。可见,半胱氨酸可以快速地逆转由本专利所述化合物引起的麻醉效应。
实施例15
将雄性SD大鼠随机分组,每组6只,每组大鼠先使用待测等效剂量药物(即2倍ED50剂量)进行麻醉诱导,随后以维持翻正反射的最小输注剂量持续输注同一待测药物1小时(组别:药物名称)或输注结束1min后静脉追加给予20mg/kg半胱氨酸(组别:药物名称+Cys),以停药后翻正反射的维持时间作为麻醉持续时间。各药物溶剂统一为脂肪乳剂。具体情况见表4。
表4大鼠持续输注不同化合物后的苏醒时间
上述实验结果可以看出,依托咪酯、丙泊酚和CPMM组的大鼠无论是否追加半胱氨酸,持续给药之后的麻醉时间均未见明显改变。而本专利所述的化合物在持续给药后,如果向受试动物追加给予半胱氨酸,动物停药之后的麻醉时间大幅度缩短,动物在停药后数分钟即可苏醒。可见,半胱氨酸可以快速地解除本专利所述的化合物持续给药后引起的麻醉状态。
Claims (11)
2.如权利要求1所述的含氮杂环化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于:其中R0和R1为H。
3.如权利要求1所述的含氮杂环化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于:其中R0和R1均为甲基。
4.如权利要求1所述的含氮杂环化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于:其中R0不存在,R1为C2~3的撑基。
5.如权利要求1所述的含氮杂环化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于:其中R0为H,R1为C1~3的烷基或环烷基。
8.权利要求1~6任一项所述含氮杂环化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备对人或动物产生镇静催眠和/或麻醉作用的中枢抑制性药物中的用途。
9.根据权利要求8所述的用途,其特征在于:所述中枢抑制性药物为麻醉药物。
10.一种药物组合物,其特征在于:所述药物组合物是以权利要求1~6任一项所述含氮杂环化合物或其药学上可接受的盐为活性成分,加上药学上可接受的辅料组成。
11.一种药物制剂,其特征在于:所述药物制剂是由权利要求10所述的药物组合物和载体组成的制剂,或由权利要求10所述的药物组合物和赋形剂组成的制剂。
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