CN112079660A - Composting method for harmless treatment of livestock - Google Patents
Composting method for harmless treatment of livestock Download PDFInfo
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- CN112079660A CN112079660A CN202010941569.3A CN202010941569A CN112079660A CN 112079660 A CN112079660 A CN 112079660A CN 202010941569 A CN202010941569 A CN 202010941569A CN 112079660 A CN112079660 A CN 112079660A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F1/00—Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/70—Controlling the treatment in response to process parameters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/80—Separation, elimination or disposal of harmful substances during the treatment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses a composting method for harmless treatment of livestock and poultry, which comprises the steps of composting, composting in the first stage, turning and composting in the second stage, and drying to obtain waste. The composting method adopted by the invention is simple to operate, has high biological safety and no pollution to the environment, avoids odor from diffusing into the air in the process, realizes harmless treatment and realizes resource utilization of changing waste into valuable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a harmless treatment method for dead livestock, in particular to a composting method for harmless treatment of livestock.
Background
At present, the processing methods of dead livestock in the breeding industry include deep burying, burning and industrial oil refining processing. Deep burying can cause pollution to soil and underground water; the incineration cost is high and the atmosphere is polluted; the safety of oil extraction and treatment is low, pathogenic microorganisms are easy to diffuse and spread in the transportation process, so that dead livestock are composted, and the method for changing waste into valuables is more and more adopted by breeding enterprises.
Chinese patent '201310569427.9' discloses a composting method for dead livestock, which treats dead livestock through the steps of composting, first-stage composting, stirring, second-stage composting and the like, has simple equipment, easy operation, high biological safety and little environmental pollution, can be used as fertilizer, realizes harmless treatment and resource utilization of waste pollutants, is a good method for treating dead livestock, and reduces the pollution to the environment and the harm to human beings.
The livestock composting process is utilized, odor is inevitably generated, and the technical scheme disclosed by the invention only needs to be provided with a covering layer, so that the odor generated cannot be blocked, and the environment pollution can be caused. If the odor generated by treatment can only be treated by an external device, the cost is high, the energy is not saved, and the compost is not easy to be inspected or treated in a short distance in the midway.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a composting method for harmless treatment of livestock, aiming at preventing odor generated in the composting process from diffusing into the air, avoiding subsequent odor cleaning and improving the biological safety of the compost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a composting method for harmless treatment of livestock comprises the following steps:
A. stockpile
Putting an activated carbon material into the bottom of a container with an open top, arranging a double-layer filter screen above the activated carbon, and arranging a waterproof and breathable film in a sandwich of the double-layer filter screen;
placing plant carbon source materials above a double-layer filter screen, controlling the laying thickness to be 35-40cm, forming a bedding layer, and inoculating bacteria on the plant carbon source;
dead livestock and poultry are placed on the padding layer, an interval is formed between the dead livestock and the container wall, the interval is controlled to be 12-15cm, a plant carbon source is filled in the interval to form a padding layer, and a padding layer of 5-8cm is arranged between every two layers of dead livestock and poultry;
laying 28-35cm of plant carbon source materials on the dead livestock on the uppermost layer, and inoculating bacteria on the plant carbon source to form a first covering layer;
paving dry tea leaves and fresh wood chips on the first covering layer, wherein the adding ratio of the tea leaves to the wood chips is 3:1, forming a deodorization layer, inoculating bacillus amyloliquefaciens on the deodorization layer, and paving the deodorization layer with the thickness of 8-12 cm;
paving organic sludge on the deodorization layer to form a second covering layer, wherein the thickness of the second covering layer is 12-15 cm;
wherein, the bottom of the container is provided with a vent pipe, and the positions of the container wall, which are positioned on the padding layer, the packing layer and the deodorization layer, are provided with vent pipes;
B. first stage composting
After the stacking is finished, statically stacking for 45-60 days, and in the period, using temperature detection equipment, ventilating for 3-5 minutes when the temperature is reduced to below 48 ℃;
C. turning pile
After the first-stage composting is finished, adding nitrogen source materials into the container, wherein the material ratio of the materials in the container to the nitrogen source is 20:1, and uniformly stirring and mixing;
D. second stage composting
C, after the materials in the step C are uniformly stirred, paving 12-15cm of fresh wood chips on the upper layer, attaching a plastic film, fermenting for 15-20 days, and keeping ventilation for 5-8 minutes every day;
E. and drying to obtain the fertilizer.
Preferably, the plant carbon source comprises wood chips, straws and platycodon grandiflorum, the ratio of the wood chips to the straws to the platycodon grandiflorum is 2:1:1, and the water content of the plant carbon source is 25% -38%.
Preferably, the inoculated bacteria on the bedding layer and the bacteria inoculated on the first cover layer are aerobic bacteria.
Preferably, the nitrogen source material is biogas digester residues.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the composting method adopted by the invention is simple to operate, has high biological safety and no pollution to the environment, avoids odor from diffusing into the air in the process, realizes harmless treatment and realizes resource utilization of changing waste into valuable.
1. The invention takes aerobic microorganisms as main materials, the yield of ammonia gas, methane, hydrogen sulfide and the like is low, the odor generated in the whole process is extremely low, and the generated odor is eliminated by the following method, so that the odor is prevented from being emitted into the air to cause environmental pollution:
the activated carbon is placed at the bottom of the container and can be used for adsorbing peculiar smell generated in the composting process, the double-layer filter screen is used for separating materials from the activated carbon, and the waterproof and breathable film prevents generated carbohydrate from flowing below the filter screen to pollute the activated carbon;
adsorbing a carbon source material layer to treat partial odor;
the deodorizing layer is arranged for deodorizing, the effect is excellent, the tea leaves are added into the deodorizing layer, contain macromolecular palmitic acid and terpene compounds, are active in nature, are easy to absorb various odors, are not easy to separate when meeting peculiar smell, and can be absorbed quickly and attached to the surfaces of the tea leaves, so that the purpose of deodorizing is realized, wherein fresh wood dust is mixed, the main purpose is to finally realize the rotting of the tea leaves, and the tea leaves are used as fertilizers together with livestock carcasses;
finally, organic sludge is arranged as a covering layer, partial odor can be adsorbed, and a layer of barrier can be formed after the surface layer of the organic sludge is dried, so that peculiar smell is prevented from being emitted into the air; in addition, the loss of water and temperature can be avoided, and the composting effect is improved;
the deodorizing layer is inoculated with bacillus amyloliquefaciens, the bacillus can secrete biogenic amine oxidase and decompose organic substances, organic sulfides, organic nitrogen and the like which generate malodorous gases, thereby greatly improving the environment of a place.
2. The invention sets the interval between the dead livestock and the container wall, and fills carbon source materials in the interval, thereby ensuring sufficient carbon materials required in the composting process and promoting complete decomposition; and as a filler, also has the purpose of avoiding temperature loss.
3. After the first-stage composting is finished, nitrogen source materials are added to provide sufficient nitrogen sources for the first-stage composting, so that the composting is fully carried out, the tissues and liquid of carcasses of livestock in the first stage can provide sufficient nitrogen sources for protein synthesis of microorganisms, and the nitrogen source supply of the second-stage composting is insufficient, so that replenishment is needed.
4. According to the composting mode, the first-stage composting and the second-stage composting are carried out in the same container, so that cross contamination caused in the material transfer process is avoided, a plastic film is attached in the second-stage composting process, on one hand, heat preservation is achieved, on the other hand, peculiar smell emission is prevented, and a covering layer adopted in the first-stage composting process is omitted because if the covering layer is added in the first-stage composting process, the covering layer has no chance to be decomposed again, or the covering layer is not thoroughly decomposed, so that resource waste is easily caused.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below.
Example 1
A composting method for harmless treatment of livestock comprises the following steps:
A. stockpile
Putting an activated carbon material into the bottom of a container with an open top, arranging a double-layer filter screen above the activated carbon, and arranging a waterproof and breathable film in a sandwich of the double-layer filter screen;
placing plant carbon source materials above a double-layer filter screen, controlling the laying thickness of the plant carbon source materials to be 35cm, forming a bedding layer, and inoculating bacteria on the plant carbon source;
dead livestock and poultry are placed on the padding layer, an interval is formed between the dead livestock and the container wall, the interval is controlled to be 12cm, a plant carbon source is filled in the interval to form a padding layer, and a padding layer of 5cm is arranged between every two layers of dead livestock and poultry;
laying 28cm of plant carbon source materials on the dead livestock on the uppermost layer, and inoculating bacteria on the plant carbon source to form a first covering layer;
paving dry tea leaves and fresh wood chips on the first covering layer, wherein the adding ratio of the tea leaves to the wood chips is 3:1, forming a deodorization layer, inoculating bacillus amyloliquefaciens on the deodorization layer, and paving the deodorization layer with the thickness of 8 cm;
paving organic sludge on the deodorization layer to form a second covering layer, wherein the thickness of the second covering layer is 12 cm;
wherein, the bottom of the container is provided with a vent pipe, and the positions of the container wall, which are positioned on the padding layer, the packing layer and the deodorization layer, are respectively provided with a vent pipe;
B. first stage composting
After the stacking is finished, statically stacking for 45 days, and in the period, ventilating for 3 minutes by using temperature detection equipment when the temperature is reduced to below 48 ℃;
C. turning pile
After the first-stage composting is finished, adding nitrogen source materials into the container, wherein the added nitrogen source materials are biogas residues, the material ratio of total materials in the container to the nitrogen source is 20:1, and uniformly stirring and mixing;
D. second stage composting
C, after the materials in the step C are uniformly stirred, paving 12cm of fresh wood chips on the upper layer, attaching a plastic film, fermenting for 15 days, and keeping ventilation for 5 minutes every day;
E. and drying to obtain the fertilizer.
Wherein the plant carbon source added in the step A comprises wood chips, straws and platycodon grandiflorum, and the ratio of the wood chips to the straws to the platycodon grandiflorum is 2:1:1, the water content was 25%, and the state where water was not squeezed out and the pellets were not formed by squeezing.
The bacteria inoculated on the padding layer and the bacteria inoculated on the first covering layer are aerobic bacteria, and the technical scheme disclosed by the invention is an aerobic composting mode.
Example 2
A composting method for harmless treatment of livestock comprises the following steps:
A. stockpile
Putting an activated carbon material into the bottom of a container with an open top, arranging a double-layer filter screen above the activated carbon, and arranging a waterproof and breathable film in a sandwich of the double-layer filter screen;
placing plant carbon source materials above a double-layer filter screen, controlling the laying thickness of the plant carbon source materials to be 38cm, forming a bedding layer, and inoculating bacteria on the plant carbon source;
dead livestock and poultry are placed on the padding layer, an interval is formed between the dead livestock and the container wall, the interval is controlled to be 13cm, a plant carbon source is filled in the interval to form a padding layer, and a 7cm padding layer is arranged between every two layers of dead livestock and poultry;
laying 32cm of plant carbon source materials on the dead livestock on the uppermost layer, and inoculating bacteria on the plant carbon source to form a first covering layer;
paving dry tea leaves and fresh wood chips on the first covering layer, wherein the adding ratio of the tea leaves to the wood chips is 3:1, forming a deodorization layer, inoculating bacillus amyloliquefaciens on the deodorization layer, and paving the deodorization layer with the thickness of 10 cm;
paving organic sludge on the deodorization layer to form a second covering layer, wherein the thickness of the second covering layer is 13 cm;
wherein, the bottom of the container is provided with a vent pipe, and the positions of the container wall, which are positioned on the padding layer, the packing layer and the deodorization layer, are respectively provided with a vent pipe;
B. first stage composting
After the stacking is finished, statically stacking for 52 days, and in the period, ventilating for 4 minutes by using a temperature detection device when the temperature is reduced to below 48 ℃;
C. turning pile
After the first-stage composting is finished, adding nitrogen source materials into the container, wherein the added nitrogen source materials are biogas residues, the material ratio of the materials in the container to the nitrogen source is 20:1, and uniformly stirring and mixing;
D. second stage composting
C, after the materials in the step C are uniformly stirred, paving 13cm of fresh wood chips on the upper layer, attaching a plastic film, fermenting for 17 days, and keeping ventilation for 7 minutes every day;
E. and drying to obtain the fertilizer.
Wherein the plant carbon source added in the step A comprises wood chips, straws and platycodon grandiflorum, and the ratio of the wood chips to the straws to the platycodon grandiflorum is 2:1:1, the water content was 28%, and the state where water was not squeezed out and the pellets were not formed by squeezing.
The bacteria inoculated on the padding layer and the bacteria inoculated on the first covering layer are aerobic bacteria, and the technical scheme disclosed by the invention is an aerobic composting mode.
Example 3
A composting method for harmless treatment of livestock comprises the following steps:
A. stockpile
Putting an activated carbon material into the bottom of a container with an open top, arranging a double-layer filter screen above the activated carbon, and arranging a waterproof and breathable film in a sandwich of the double-layer filter screen;
placing plant carbon source materials above a double-layer filter screen, controlling the laying thickness of the plant carbon source materials to be 40cm, forming a bedding layer, and inoculating bacteria on the plant carbon source;
dead livestock and poultry are placed on the padding layer, an interval is formed between the dead livestock and the container wall, the interval is controlled to be 15cm, a plant carbon source is filled in the interval to form a padding layer, and an 8cm padding layer is arranged between every two layers of dead livestock and poultry;
laying 35cm of plant carbon source materials on the dead livestock on the uppermost layer, and inoculating bacteria on the plant carbon source to form a first covering layer;
paving dry tea leaves and fresh wood chips on the first covering layer, wherein the adding ratio of the tea leaves to the wood chips is 3:1, forming a deodorization layer, inoculating bacillus amyloliquefaciens on the deodorization layer, and paving the deodorization layer with the thickness of 12 cm;
paving organic sludge on the deodorization layer to form a second covering layer, wherein the thickness of the second covering layer is 15 cm;
wherein, the bottom of the container is provided with a vent pipe, and the positions of the container wall, which are positioned on the padding layer, the packing layer and the deodorization layer, are provided with vent pipes;
B. first stage composting
After the stacking is finished, statically stacking for 60 days, and in the period, ventilating for 5 minutes by using temperature detection equipment when the temperature is reduced to below 48 ℃;
C. turning pile
After the first-stage composting is finished, adding nitrogen source materials into the container, wherein the added nitrogen source materials are biogas residues, the material ratio of the materials in the container to the nitrogen source is 20:1, and uniformly stirring and mixing;
D. second stage composting
C, after the materials in the step C are uniformly stirred, paving 15cm of fresh wood chips on the upper layer, attaching a plastic film, fermenting for 20 days, and keeping ventilation for 8 minutes every day;
E. and drying to obtain the fertilizer.
Wherein the plant carbon source added in the step A comprises wood chips, straws and platycodon grandiflorum, and the ratio of the wood chips to the straws to the platycodon grandiflorum is 2:1:1, the water content was 38%, and the state where water was not squeezed out and the pellets were not formed by squeezing.
The bacteria inoculated on the padding layer and the bacteria inoculated on the first covering layer are aerobic bacteria, and the technical scheme disclosed by the invention is an aerobic composting mode.
While the present invention has been described with reference to three preferred embodiments of a composting method for the harmless treatment of livestock, it is to be understood that variations and modifications can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept, and such variations and modifications are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A composting method for harmless treatment of livestock is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
A. stockpile
Putting an activated carbon material into the bottom of a container with an open top, arranging a double-layer filter screen above the activated carbon, and arranging a waterproof and breathable film in a sandwich of the double-layer filter screen;
placing plant carbon source materials above a double-layer filter screen, controlling the laying thickness to be 35-40cm, forming a bedding layer, and inoculating bacteria on the plant carbon source;
dead livestock and poultry are placed on the padding layer, an interval is formed between the dead livestock and the container wall, the interval is controlled to be 12-15cm, a plant carbon source is filled in the interval to form a padding layer, and a padding layer of 5-8cm is arranged between every two layers of dead livestock and poultry;
laying 28-35cm of plant carbon source materials on the dead livestock on the uppermost layer, and inoculating bacteria on the plant carbon source to form a first covering layer;
paving dry tea leaves and fresh wood chips on the first covering layer, wherein the adding ratio of the tea leaves to the wood chips is 3:1, forming a deodorization layer, inoculating bacillus amyloliquefaciens on the deodorization layer, and paving the deodorization layer with the thickness of 8-12 cm;
paving organic sludge on the deodorization layer to form a second covering layer, wherein the thickness of the second covering layer is 12-15 cm;
wherein, the bottom of the container is provided with a vent pipe, and the positions of the container wall, which are positioned on the padding layer, the packing layer and the deodorization layer, are provided with vent pipes;
B. first stage composting
After the stacking is finished, statically stacking for 45-60 days, and in the period, using temperature detection equipment, ventilating for 3-5 minutes when the temperature is reduced to below 48 ℃;
C. turning pile
After the first-stage composting is finished, adding nitrogen source materials into the container, wherein the material ratio of the materials in the container to the nitrogen source is 20:1, and uniformly stirring and mixing;
D. second stage composting
C, after the materials in the step C are uniformly stirred, paving 12-15cm of fresh wood chips on the upper layer, attaching a plastic film, fermenting for 15-20 days, and keeping ventilation for 5-8 minutes every day;
E. and drying to obtain the fertilizer.
2. The composting method for livestock harmless treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that: the plant carbon source comprises sawdust, straws and platycodon grandiflorum, the ratio of the sawdust to the straws to the platycodon grandiflorum is 2:1:1, and the water content of the plant carbon source is 25% -38%.
3. The composting method for livestock harmless treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that: the inoculated bacteria on the padding layer and the bacteria inoculated on the first covering layer are aerobic bacteria.
4. The composting method for livestock harmless treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that: the nitrogen source material is biogas digester residues.
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| CN202010941569.3A CN112079660A (en) | 2020-09-09 | 2020-09-09 | Composting method for harmless treatment of livestock |
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| CN202010941569.3A CN112079660A (en) | 2020-09-09 | 2020-09-09 | Composting method for harmless treatment of livestock |
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102674919A (en) * | 2012-05-14 | 2012-09-19 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Deodorizing material for compost, as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN103694009A (en) * | 2013-12-10 | 2014-04-02 | 福建省莆田市优利可农牧发展有限公司 | Carcass and carcass product innocent treatment method |
-
2020
- 2020-09-09 CN CN202010941569.3A patent/CN112079660A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102674919A (en) * | 2012-05-14 | 2012-09-19 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Deodorizing material for compost, as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN103694009A (en) * | 2013-12-10 | 2014-04-02 | 福建省莆田市优利可农牧发展有限公司 | Carcass and carcass product innocent treatment method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 陶秀萍等: ""畜禽尸体堆肥无害化处理技术现状"", 《现代畜牧兽医》 * |
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Application publication date: 20201215 |