CN112077300A

CN112077300A - High-strength wear-resistant corrosion-resistant steel powder manufactured by additive manufacturing and additive manufacturing method

Info

Publication number: CN112077300A
Application number: CN202010921578.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 迟长泰; 林慧超; 陈书; 仲才; 许泽林; 史望兴
Original assignee: Zhejiang Handsome Intelligent Remanufacturing Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Zhejiang Handsome Intelligent Remanufacturing Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-09-04
Filing date: 2020-09-04
Publication date: 2020-12-15
Anticipated expiration: 2040-09-04
Also published as: CN112077300B

Abstract

The invention discloses high-strength wear-resistant corrosion-resistant steel powder manufactured by additive manufacturing, which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.05 to 0.15%, Si: 0.10 to 0.40%, Mn: 0.50 to 1.00%, Cr: 12.50 to 17.50%, Ni: 3.00-9.00%, Mo: 3.00-5.00%%, Nb: 0.15-0.45%, Ti: 0.10 to 0.50%, Al: 0.50-1.50% and the balance Fe; the sum of the mass percentages of the elements is 100 percent. The high-strength wear-resistant corrosion-resistant steel powder manufactured by the additive realizes good matching of multiple performances by optimizing and adjusting the components of the powder, and is high-strength, wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant stainless steel powder, wherein the addition of Cr and Mo components in the powder can synergistically enhance the good oxidation resistance and reducing medium corrosion resistance; the contents of Ti, Ni, Nb and Mn are adjusted and matched with each other, so that a good synergistic effect is achieved, the high strength and toughness can be effectively improved, the hardness is optimized, and the wear resistance is improved.

Description

High-strength wear-resistant corrosion-resistant steel powder manufactured by additive manufacturing and additive manufacturing method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of metal additive manufacturing, in particular to high-strength wear-resistant corrosion-resistant steel powder manufactured by additive manufacturing and an additive manufacturing method.

Background

The high-strength wear-resisting corrosion-resisting steel belongs to the field of stainless steel material, mainly is martensite precipitation stainless steel or super martensite ageing stainless steel, has excellent physical, chemical and mechanical properties, and can be extensively used in the fields of aviation, spaceflight, sea, nuclear industry and other high-tech fields. The materials are mainly used for bearing severe mechanical load and a severe corrosion environment, and have ultrahigh strength, good wear resistance and corrosion resistance and stable reliability, so that the materials have wide development potential.

The additive manufacturing is a new manufacturing technology integrating the technologies of laser, precision transmission, CAD/CAM and the like, utilizes fine laser focusing light spots to melt powder layer by layer to accumulate so as to realize additive manufacturing, realizes the forming manufacturing of metal parts with any complex shapes, has complete metallurgical bonding, and has the compactness nearly reaching 100 percent, which has important significance for manufacturing high-strength wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant steel parts with high forming precision, difficult processing and low impurity content.

At present, high-strength wear-resistant corrosion-resistant steel parts mainly depend on forging, but the yield is low. The high-strength wear-resistant corrosion-resistant steel for additive manufacturing mainly comprises 17-4PH, 15-5PH and the like, but the strength and the wear resistance are not very outstanding, and almost no stainless steel simultaneously has high strength, impact resistance, wear resistance and good corrosion resistance.

Based on the situation, the invention provides the high-strength wear-resistant corrosion-resistant steel powder manufactured by the additive and the additive manufacturing method, and the problems can be effectively solved.

Disclosure of Invention

One object of the present invention is to provide a maraging stainless steel powder for additive manufacturing that has ultrahigh strength, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and high hardness.

The invention also aims to provide the additive manufacturing method of the steel powder, and an optimized heat treatment process is provided in the additive manufacturing method.

The high-strength wear-resistant corrosion-resistant steel powder manufactured by the additive realizes good matching of multiple performances by optimizing and adjusting the components of the powder, and is high-strength, wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant stainless steel powder, wherein the addition of Cr and Mo components in the powder can synergistically enhance the good oxidation resistance and reducing medium corrosion resistance; the contents of Ti, Ni, Nb and Mn are adjusted and matched with each other, so that a good synergistic effect is achieved, the high strength and toughness can be effectively improved, the hardness is optimized, and the wear resistance is improved.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:

the additive manufacturing high-strength wear-resistant corrosion-resistant steel powder comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass:

c: 0.05 to 0.15%, Si: 0.10 to 0.40%, Mn: 0.50 to 1.00%, Cr: 12.50 to 17.50%, Ni: 3.00-9.00%, Mo: 3.00-5.00%%, Nb: 0.15-0.45%, Ti: 0.10 to 0.50%, Al: 0.50-1.50% and the balance Fe; the sum of the mass percentages of the elements is 100 percent.

The high-strength wear-resistant corrosion-resistant steel powder manufactured by the additive is high-strength, wear-resistant, high-hardness and corrosion-resistant stainless steel powder, and the chemical components of the powder are optimally adjusted to meet the requirements of higher strength and corrosion resistance. At present, high-strength stainless steel, particularly maraging stainless steel, is widely applied, and various industries such as aviation, aerospace, petrochemical industry and the like exist, the parts manufactured by the maraging stainless steel with the components of the existing brands mainly depend on processes such as forging and the like, the components of the high-strength wear-resistant corrosion-resistant steel powder manufactured by additive manufacturing are optimized and adjusted to obtain better performance matching, the invention also provides a method for laser additive manufacturing by using the high-strength wear-resistant corrosion-resistant steel powder manufactured by additive manufacturing to realize the manufacture of the parts made of the material, compared with the existing method for manufacturing the parts by mainly depending on forging and the like, the additive manufacturing process is more suitable for production targets of individuation, high performance, low energy consumption and environmental protection.

The invention has the following specific operations: the high-strength wear-resistant corrosion-resistant steel powder manufactured by the additive manufacturing method is placed in laser additive manufacturing equipment, a part to be manufactured is subjected to layered subdivision to set a manufacturing process route, and then a layered subdivision program is introduced into the equipment; setting reasonable process parameters in the material increase process, performing material increase manufacturing layer by layer in the printing cabin in the argon atmosphere according to the subdivision route, and then performing optimized heat treatment on the part to finally obtain the high-strength wear-resistant corrosion-resistant stainless steel part.

Preferably, the grain diameter of the high-strength wear-resistant corrosion-resistant steel powder manufactured by the additive is 11-53 mu m, the chemical purity is greater than or equal to 99.99%, and the sphericity rate is greater than or equal to 96%.

Preferably, the high-strength wear-resistant corrosion-resistant steel powder manufactured by the additive is prepared by atomizing high-purity argon with a rotary electrode, and the purity of the high-purity argon for preparing the powder is more than or equal to 99.99%.

The invention also provides an additive manufacturing method, which comprises the following steps:

1) placing the high-strength wear-resistant corrosion-resistant steel powder manufactured by additive manufacturing and a base material substrate into a cabin of additive manufacturing printing equipment;

2) carrying out layered slicing discrete processing on the three-dimensional graph of the part to be manufactured by using layered slicing subdivision software to obtain slices of each layer, setting an additive manufacturing track, and simultaneously setting laser process parameters: the laser power is 250-800W, the diameter of a light spot is 0.04-0.12 mm, the scanning speed is 900-1800 mm/s, and the track-to-track distance is 0.04-0.15 mm; then guiding the split program into additive manufacturing equipment;

3) sealing the additive manufacturing cabin, filling high-purity argon gas with the purity of more than or equal to 99.99%, filling protective gas, reducing the content of water and oxygen in the purifying cabin until the content of water and oxygen in the printing cabin are both lower than 0.05%, and keeping;

4) preheating a base material (deposition) substrate to a set temperature, and printing the part to be manufactured layer by layer according to a set track to finish the manufacturing of the part with a preset shape;

5) and carrying out heat treatment on the parts prepared by the additive to obtain the high-strength wear-resistant corrosion-resistant parts.

Preferably, in the step 1), before the high-strength wear-resistant corrosion-resistant steel powder manufactured by additive manufacturing is placed in a printing equipment cabin, the high-strength wear-resistant corrosion-resistant steel powder manufactured by additive manufacturing is dried in a drying oven, the drying temperature is 150-200 ℃, and the drying time is 3-4 hours.

Preferably, in the step 2), the thickness of the layered slice in the layered slice discrete treatment is 0.01-0.04 mm.

Preferably, in step 4), the base substrate is preheated to a set temperature of 200 ℃.

Preferably, in step 5), the performing heat treatment is: heating to 950 +/-10 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, and cooling oil to room temperature; putting into liquid nitrogen with the temperature of-196 ℃, and preserving heat for 1 h; heating to 480 +/-10 ℃, preserving the temperature for 4 hours, and then cooling to room temperature by air.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

The maraging stainless steel part manufactured by the additive manufacturing of the high-strength wear-resistant corrosion-resistant steel powder additive can realize the forming manufacturing of metal parts with any complex shapes, has complete metallurgical bonding, good compactness, can form high-strength wear-resistant corrosion-resistant steel parts with high forming precision, difficult processing and low impurity content, compares with the complex flow of manufacturing parts by forging and the like, and creates a new way of saving energy and data from the process technology, thereby achieving the organic combination of good environment-friendly, low-energy consumption and high-quality production processes.

According to the additive manufacturing method, the heat treatment process effectively improves the uniformity of the part tissue structure after additive manufacturing, achieves good and uniform distribution of martensite tissues, and simultaneously improves the hardness and the wear resistance of the surface.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph of the hardness of additively manufactured parts of examples 1, 4, 5 of the present invention and a comparative example.

Detailed Description

In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with specific examples, which should not be construed as limiting the present patent.

The test methods or test methods described in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the reagents and materials, unless otherwise indicated, are conventionally obtained commercially or prepared by conventional methods.

The high-strength wear-resistant corrosion-resistant steel powder manufactured by additive disclosed by the invention comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 0.05-0.15% Wt of C, 0.10-0.40% Wt of Si, 0.50-1.00% Wt of Mn, 12.50-17.50% Wt of Cr, 3.00-9.00% Wt of Ni, 3.00-5.00% Wt of Mo, 0.15-0.45% Wt. of Nb, 0.10-0.50% Wt of Ti, 0.50-1.50% Wt of Al, and the balance Fe. The sum of the mass percentages of the elements is 100 percent. The stainless steel powder is prepared by adopting rotary electrode high-purity argon atomization, and the purity of the prepared high-purity argon is more than or equal to 99.99%. The particle size range of the powder is 11-53 mu m, the chemical purity is more than or equal to 99.99 percent, and the sphericity rate is more than or equal to 96 percent. The elements Cr, Mo, Ti, Ni, Nb and Mn in the stainless steel powder are used as strengthening modulation elements of the material, wherein the Cr and Mo components can enhance the good oxidation resistance and reducing medium corrosion resistance of the stainless steel powder, and the adjustment of the elements Ti, Ni, Nb and Mn can effectively improve the high strength and good matching of toughness of the stainless steel powder, and in addition, the hardness of the stainless steel powder is optimized, and the wear resistance is improved.

The additive manufacturing of the high-strength wear-resistant corrosion-resistant steel powder comprises the following specific operation steps:

1. the method comprises the steps of pretreating the powder immediately before additive manufacturing and forming, drying the powder, drying at the temperature of (150-200) DEG for 3h, and then placing the powder and a base substrate into additive manufacturing equipment.

2. The three-dimensional solid model of the part is sliced in layers by adopting a layered slicing and subdividing technology, the slice thickness of each layer is selected to be 0.01-0.04 mm, the layers are sliced in layers according to a certain sequence, a printing track is set for each layer, meanwhile, the laser power is 250-800W according to laser parameters, the diameter of a light spot is 0.04-0.12 mm, the scanning speed is 900-1800 mm/s, the distance between every two channels is 0.04-0.15 mm, and a set process route and data are led into additive manufacturing equipment.

3. High-purity argon is filled into the material increase equipment at the flow rate of 8-15L/min for purification treatment, the purity of the argon is more than or equal to 99.99%, protective gas is filled, the oxygen content of water in the cabin is purified, and the oxygen content of water in the printing cabin is ensured to be lower than 0.05%.

4. Preheating the base material to a certain temperature, and performing additive manufacturing according to the track path and the process parameters of the layered slicing of the part to obtain the part with the required size and shape.

5. And (3) treating the parts prepared by the additive according to an optimized heat treatment process (950 +/-10) DEG C x 1h, oil cooling, liquid nitrogen-196 ℃ x 1h, 480 +/-10) DEG C x 4h, and cooling air to room temperature to finally obtain the high-strength wear-resistant corrosion-resistant stainless steel parts.

The structure and porosity of the additive manufacturing part are analyzed through a CT scanner, the defects that the internal structure is uniform and compact, no holes and the like are achieved are confirmed, and meanwhile, the test hardness shows that the surface hardness is improved by more than 30% before heat treatment.

Example 1

1. In this example, an additive-manufactured high-strength wear-resistant corrosion-resistant steel powder was prepared, in which the mass percentages of the elements in the powder material are shown in table 1:

TABLE 1

Element(s)	C	Si	Cr	Ni	Mo	Nb	Ti	Al	Mn	Fe
											Wt,％	0.07	0.25	14.50	6.00	4.00	0.35	0.30	1.10	0.50	Balance of

2. The specific method of additive manufacturing:

drying the stainless steel powder with the chemical composition, the granularity of 11-53 mu m and the purity of more than or equal to 99.99% at 180 ℃ for 3h, and then putting the dried stainless steel powder and the base material substrate into additive manufacturing equipment. And (3) utilizing the track route of each layer of the layered slicing subdivision software or the missing part, wherein the slicing thickness is 0.02mm, and the laser process parameters are set as follows: the laser power is 300W, the spot diameter is 0.06mm, the scanning speed is 1200mm/s, and the track-to-track distance is 0.04 mm. And in the additive manufacturing process, high-purity argon is passed to ensure that the oxygen content of water in the chamber is lower than 0.05%, the temperature of the base material substrate is preheated to 200 ℃, and the additive manufacturing of the part is carried out in the additive manufacturing chamber according to the subdivision slicing track. And (3) carrying out optimized heat treatment on the parts manufactured by the additive to finally obtain the high-strength wear-resistant corrosion-resistant martensitic stainless steel parts.

Example 2

1. In this example, the steel powder in example 1 is replaced by steel powder with the following components, and additive manufacturing is performed, wherein the mass percentage of each element of the powder is shown in table 2:

TABLE 2

Element(s)	C	Si	Cr	Ni	Mo	Nb	Ti	Al	Mn	Fe
											Wt,％	0.03	0.30	12.50	8.00	4.50	0.35	0.35	1.00	0.55	Balance of

2. The specific method of additive manufacturing:

drying the stainless steel powder with the chemical composition, the granularity of 11-53 mu m and the purity of more than or equal to 99.99% at 200 ℃ for 3h, and then putting the dried stainless steel powder and the base material substrate into additive manufacturing equipment. And (3) utilizing the layered slicing subdivision software or each layer track route of the missing part, wherein the slicing thickness is 0.05mm, and the laser process parameters are set as follows: the laser power is 400W, the spot diameter is 0.12mm, the scanning speed is 1500mm/s, and the track-to-track distance is 0.06 mm. And in the additive manufacturing process, high-purity argon is passed to ensure that the oxygen content of water in the chamber is lower than 0.05%, the temperature of the base material substrate is preheated to 200 ℃, and the additive manufacturing of the part is carried out in the additive manufacturing chamber according to the subdivision slicing track. And (4) carrying out optimized heat treatment on the parts manufactured by the additive to finally obtain the high-strength wear-resistant corrosion-resistant steel parts.

Example 3

1. In this example, the steel powder in example 1 was replaced with steel powder containing the following components in percentage by mass as shown in table 3, and additive manufacturing was performed:

TABLE 3

Element(s)	C	Si	Cr	Ni	Mo	Nb	Ti	Al	Mn	Fe
											Wt,％	0.12	0.35	16.50	4.50	3.70	0.40	0.45	1.30	0.25	Balance of

2. The specific method of additive manufacturing:

drying the stainless steel powder with the chemical composition, the granularity of 11-53 mu m and the purity of more than or equal to 99.99% at 150 ℃ for 3h, and then putting the dried stainless steel powder and the base material substrate into additive manufacturing equipment. And (3) utilizing the layered slicing subdivision software or each layer track route of the missing part, wherein the slicing thickness is 0.03mm, and the laser process parameters are set as follows: the laser power is 280W, the spot diameter is 0.08mm, the scanning speed is 1080mm/s, and the track-to-track distance is 0.10 mm. And in the additive manufacturing process, high-purity argon is passed to ensure that the oxygen content of water in the chamber is lower than 0.05%, the temperature of the base material substrate is preheated to 200 ℃, and the additive manufacturing of the part is carried out in the additive manufacturing chamber according to the subdivision slicing track. And (4) carrying out optimized heat treatment on the parts manufactured by the additive to finally obtain the high-strength wear-resistant corrosion-resistant steel parts.

Example 4

1. In this example, the steel powder in example 1 was replaced with steel powder having the following composition contents (shown in table 4) to perform additive manufacturing, and the other processes were the same as in example 1.

TABLE 4

Element(s)	C	Si	Cr	Ni	Mo	Nb	Ti	Al	Mn	Fe
											Wt,％	0.04	0.45	13.20	5.50	3.50	0.40	0.35	0.95	0.25	Balance of

Example 5

1. In this example, the steel powder in example 1 was replaced with steel powder having the following composition contents (shown in table 5) to perform additive manufacturing, and the other processes were the same as in example 1.

TABLE 5

Element(s)	C	Si	Cr	Ni	Mo	Nb	Ti	Al	Mn	Fe
											Wt,％	0.05	0.35	12.80	4.50	5.00	0.35	0.25	1.2	0.35	Balance of

Comparative example

The steel powder in the example 1 is replaced by the steel powder with the pH content of 17-4 (the content of the components shown in the table 6), additive manufacturing is carried out, other processes are the same as the example 1, the heat treatment process adopts 1040 ℃ multiplied by 1h, and air cooling is carried out; air cooling to room temperature at 480 ℃ for 4 h.

TABLE 6

Element(s)

C

Si

Cr

Ni

Nb

Cu

Mn

Fe

Wt,％

0.04

0.37

15.70

3.50

0.18

3.50

0.25

Balance of

The parts manufactured by the additive manufacturing method in the embodiment are subjected to tensile, hardness, frictional wear and impact tests, and the relevant mechanical properties of the parts are measured.

The tensile properties and impact toughness test results of examples 1, 4, 5 and comparative example are shown in Table 7.

TABLE 7 tensile Property test results

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above preferred embodiment should not be considered as limiting the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the scope defined by the claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these modifications and adaptations should be considered within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. The high-strength wear-resistant corrosion-resistant steel powder manufactured by additive manufacturing is characterized by comprising the following chemical components in percentage by mass:

2. The additive manufactured high-strength wear-resistant corrosion-resistant steel powder according to claim 1, wherein the additive manufactured high-strength wear-resistant corrosion-resistant steel powder has a particle size diameter of 11-53 μm, a chemical purity of not less than 99.99%, and a sphericity of not less than 96%.

3. The additive manufactured high-strength wear-resistant corrosion-resistant steel powder according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the additive manufactured high-strength wear-resistant corrosion-resistant steel powder is prepared by adopting rotary electrode high-purity argon atomization, and the purity of the prepared high-purity argon is more than or equal to 99.99%.

4. An additive manufacturing method, comprising the steps of:

1) placing the additively manufactured high strength, wear and corrosion resistant steel powder of claim 3 and a substrate into an additive manufacturing printing apparatus chamber;

4) preheating the base material substrate to a set temperature, and printing the part to be manufactured layer by layer according to a set track to finish the manufacturing of the part with a preset shape;

5. The additive manufacturing method according to claim 4, wherein in the step 1), before the additive manufactured high-strength wear-resistant corrosion-resistant steel powder is placed in a printing equipment cabin, the additive manufactured high-strength wear-resistant corrosion-resistant steel powder is dried in a drying box, the drying temperature is 150-200 ℃, and the drying time is 3-4 hours.

6. The additive manufacturing method according to claim 4, wherein in the step 2), the thickness of the layer slice in the layer slice discrete processing is 0.01 to 0.04 mm.

7. The additive manufacturing method according to claim 4, wherein in step 4), the base substrate is preheated to a set temperature of 200 ℃.

8. The additive manufacturing method according to claim 4, wherein in step 5), the performing heat treatment is: heating to 950 +/-10 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, and cooling oil to room temperature; putting into liquid nitrogen with the temperature of-196 ℃, and preserving heat for 1 h; heating to 480 +/-10 ℃, preserving the temperature for 4 hours, and then cooling to room temperature by air.