CN112076783B - 一种杂多酸离子液体复合材料催化剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种杂多酸离子液体复合材料催化剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN112076783B
CN112076783B CN202010801627.2A CN202010801627A CN112076783B CN 112076783 B CN112076783 B CN 112076783B CN 202010801627 A CN202010801627 A CN 202010801627A CN 112076783 B CN112076783 B CN 112076783B
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韦岳伽
赵晨
李凯欣
闵永刚
刘佳
易舜
林小敏
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Guangdong University of Technology
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Abstract

本发明属于生物质催化技术领域,具体涉及一种杂多酸离子液体复合材料催化剂及其制备方法和应用。本发明将1,4‑丁烷磺酸内酯和三苯基磷溶于溶剂中,回流搅拌反应;反应完成后洗涤并干燥,得到带正离子的中间体平台化合物;将带正离子的中间体平台化合物与杂多酸催化剂溶于溶剂中,回流搅拌反应;反应完成后干燥,得到杂多酸离子液体复合材料催化剂。该催化剂含有季鏻盐型阳离子,又含有杂多酸那部分的阴离子,兼具酸性和氧化还原性双功能,具有催化活性高、重复使用性良好和稳定高的性能,能够很好的应用到催化酯交换制备生物柴油、催化加氢反应等。

Description

一种杂多酸离子液体复合材料催化剂及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明属于生物质催化技术领域,具体涉及一种杂多酸离子液体复合材料催化剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
离子液体又称为室温熔盐、有机离子液体,即由有机阳离子和无机或有机阴离子构成的,常规的离子化合物只有达到了一定的温度才能转变为液态,而离子液体在室温附近很宽的温度范围内(从低于或接近室温到300℃)均为液态。自1914年Walden等报道了第一个离子液体以来,离子液体经历了从卤化铝酸盐型酸性离子液体到咪唑、吡啶、季铵盐型等离子液体,再到现今受到越来越多关注的功能化离子液体这3个发展阶段。离子液体具有溶解能力强、零蒸气压、粘度合适、导电率高等特性,在有机合成、萃取分离、电化学、纳米材料制备、清洁燃料生产、环境科学等方面得到广泛的应用。近些年来离子液体作为催化剂,凭借其独特的性质,成为有机合成和催化材料研究领域的焦点。
有机-无机杂化材料兼具有机和无机材料的特性,是当今材料科学与技术领域中的研究热点。杂多化合物热稳定性好,且对氧稳定,配位原子一般以最高氧化态存在,是一类兼具有氧化性和酸性的双功能催化剂。由于离子液体存在高度的可设计性和可调配性,许多研究者根据这一思路先将适合特定反应体系的功能化离子液体与相应的多酸或杂多酸结合,制备基于离子液体的杂多酸离子液体复合材料催化剂,该类催化剂具有良好的热稳定性、催化性能,且容易回收等特点。在很多有机反应,如氧化反应、酯化反应、氧化还原反应中都有很好的应用。
近几年来,杂多酸离子液体逐渐取代传统硫酸催化剂,成为乙酸乙酯合成工艺中的新研究的热点。
发明内容
为了解决上述现有技术中存在的不足和缺点,本发明首要目的在于提供一种杂多酸离子液体复合材料催化剂的制备方法,该制备方法成品率高,成本低。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种上述制备方法制备得到杂多酸离子液体复合材料催化剂,该催化剂具有催化活性高、重复使用性能良好和催化性能稳定等优点。
本发明的再一目的在于提供上述杂多酸离子液体复合材料催化剂的应用。
本发明的目的通过下述技术方案来实现:
一种杂多酸离子液体复合材料催化剂的制备方法,包含如下步骤:
(1)将1,4-丁烷磺酸内酯和三苯基磷溶于溶剂中,回流搅拌反应;反应完成后洗涤并干燥,得到带正离子的中间体平台化合物(季鏻盐型离子);
(2)将步骤(1)制得的带正离子的中间体平台化合物与杂多酸催化剂溶于溶剂中,回流搅拌反应;反应完成后干燥,得到杂多酸离子液体复合材料催化剂,该催化剂带阴阳离子;
步骤(1)中所述的1,4-丁烷磺酸内酯与三苯基磷的摩尔比优选为1:1.1;
步骤(1)中所述的有机溶剂优选为苯、甲苯或二甲苯;
步骤(1)中所述的回流搅拌反应的条件优选为80℃~140℃回流搅拌反应10h~12h;
步骤(1)中所述的洗涤优选采用DMF、甲醇或乙醚洗涤;
步骤(1)中所述的干燥优选为真空干燥;
步骤(2)中所述的带正离子的中间体平台化合物与杂多酸催化剂的摩尔比优选为2:1;
步骤(2)中所述的杂多酸催化剂优选为磷钨酸、磷钼酸或硅钨酸;
步骤(2)中所述的有机溶剂优选为甲醇、乙醇或丙三醇;
步骤(2)中所述的回流搅拌反应的条件优选为65℃~97℃回流搅拌反应8h~12h;
步骤(2)中所述的干燥优选为真空干燥;
一种杂多酸离子液体复合材料催化剂,通过上述制备方法制备得到;
所述的杂多酸离子液体复合材料催化剂在生物质催化技术领域中的应用;
所述的杂多酸离子液体复合材料催化剂在催化酯交换和催化加氢反应中的应用;
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明以1,4-丁烷磺酸内酯和三苯基膦合成的带阳离子的中间体平台化合物(为季鏻盐型离子)为基底,结合绿色杂多酸催化剂(磷钨酸、磷钼酸、硅钨酸等),得到杂多酸离子液体复合材料催化剂,该催化剂含有季鏻盐型阳离子,又含有杂多酸那部分的阴离子,兼具酸性和氧化还原性双功能,在氧化反应和加氢反应中有广泛应用。
(2)本发明提供的杂多酸离子液体复合材料催化剂具备优秀的重复循环稳定性,在催化反应中有高效的催化性能,能够很好的应用到催化酯交换制备生物柴油、催化加氢反应等。
(3)本发明提供的杂多酸离子液体复合材料催化剂的制备方法成品率高,成本低。
附图说明
图1是实施例1~3制得的杂多酸离子液体复合材料催化剂的傅里叶红外光谱图。
图2是实施例1~3制得的杂多酸离子液体复合材料催化剂的X射线衍射图。
图3是实施例1~3制得的杂多酸离子液体复合材料催化剂的SEM谱图,其中,A:(TPH)3PW12O40,B:(TPH)3PMo12O40,C:(TPH)3SiW12O40
图4是实施例1~3制得的杂多酸离子液体复合材料催化剂进行催化反应的产率分析图。
图5是实施例1制得的杂多酸离子液体复合材料催化剂重复使用性能分析图。
图6是实施例1~3制得的杂多酸离子液体复合材料催化剂热稳定性分析图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例及附图对本发明作进一步详细的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1
(1)将75mmol的三苯基膦和82.5mmol的1,4-丁烷磺酸内酯(两者的摩尔比为1:1.1)放置三口烧瓶中,冷凝管装好,加入50ml的甲苯作为溶剂,110℃回流搅拌反应12h;反应完成后将产物用乙醚洗涤3次,以溶解掉未参加反应的物质,然后在50℃下真空干燥12h,得到白色中间体产物,即为带正离子的中间体平台化合物;
(2)将2mmol步骤(1)制得的的带正离子的中间体平台化合物与1mmol的磷钨酸(两者的摩尔比为2:1)放置三口烧瓶中,冷凝管装好,加入20ml乙醇作为溶剂,80℃回流搅拌反应12h,以保证离子交换充分;反应完成后将得到的溶液直接放置50℃真空干燥箱里干燥过夜,获得白色晶体状,即为杂多酸离子液体复合材料催化剂((TPH)3PW12O40);
图1是本实施例制得的杂多酸离子液体复合材料催化剂((TPH)3PW12O40)的傅里叶红外光谱图,从图中可知,该杂多酸离子液体复合材料催化剂谱图中出现了1614cm-1的强吸收峰,归属于苯环C=C伸缩振动,在1378cm-1附近出现烷烃CH2面外摇摆,在1053cm-1的强吸收峰为-SO3的不对称吸收峰,1079cm-1、985cm-1、889cm-1和799cm-1,这些特征吸收峰分别是中央四面体的P-O拉伸振动,W-O拉伸振动,W-Ob-W拉伸振动和W-O-W拉伸振动,其中Ob和Oc分别在Keggin结构中代表桥氧,初步说明合成的是最初想要的结构。
图2是本实施例制得的杂多酸离子液体复合材料催化剂((TPH)3PW12O40)的X射线衍射图,从图中可知,2θ=7.7°和28.9°是(TPH)3PW12O40的两个特征峰。
图3A是本实施例制得的杂多酸离子液体复合材料催化剂((TPH)3PW12O40)的SEM谱图。
实施例2
(1)将75mmol的三苯基膦和82.5mmol的1,4-丁烷磺酸内酯(两者的摩尔比为1:1.1)放置三口烧瓶中,冷凝管装好,加入50ml的甲苯作为溶剂,110℃回流搅拌反应12h;反应完成后将产物用乙醚洗涤3次,以溶解掉未参加反应的物质,然后在50℃下真空干燥12h,得到白色中间体产物,即为带正离子的中间体平台化合物
(2)将2mmol步骤(1)制得的的带正离子的中间体平台化合物与1mmol的磷钼酸(两者的摩尔比为2:1)放置三口烧瓶中,冷凝管装好,加入20ml乙醇作为溶剂,80℃回流搅拌反应12h,以保证离子交换充分;反应完成后将得到的溶液直接放置50℃真空干燥箱里干燥过夜,获得墨绿色晶体状,即为杂多酸离子液体复合材料催化剂。
图1是本实施例制得的杂多酸离子液体复合材料催化剂((TPH)3PMo12O40)的傅里叶红外光谱图,从图中可知,该杂多酸离子液体复合材料催化剂谱图中出现了1618cm-1、的强吸收峰,归属于苯环C=C伸缩振动,在1382cm-1附近出现烷烃CH2面外摇摆,在1067cm-1的强吸收峰,为-SO3的不对称吸收峰,1084cm-1、978cm-1、862cm-1和809cm-1,这些特征吸收峰分别是中央四面体的P-O拉伸振动,Mo-O拉伸振动,Mo-Ob-Mo拉伸振动和Mo-O-Mo拉伸振动,初步说明合成的是最初想要的结构。
图2是本实施例制得的杂多酸离子液体复合材料催化剂((TPH)3PMo12O40)的X射线衍射图,从图中可知,2θ=8.2°和29.4°是(TPH)3PMo12O40的两个特征峰。
图3B是本实施例制得的杂多酸离子液体复合材料催化剂((TPH)3PMo12O40)的SEM谱图。
实施例3
(1)将75mmol的三苯基膦和82.5mmol的1,4-丁烷磺酸内酯(两者的摩尔比为1:1.1)放置三口烧瓶中,冷凝管装好,加入50ml的甲苯作为溶剂,110℃回流搅拌反应12h,反应完成后将产物用乙醚洗涤3次,以溶解掉未参加反应的物质,然后在50℃下真空干燥12h,得到白色中间体产物,即为带正离子的中间体平台化合物
(2)将2mmol步骤(1)制得的的带正离子的中间体平台化合物与1mmol的硅钨酸(两者的摩尔比为2:1)放置三口烧瓶中,冷凝管装好,加入20ml乙醇作为溶剂,80℃回流搅拌反应12h,以保证离子交换充分;反应完成后将得到的溶液直接放置50℃真空干燥箱里干燥过夜,获得白色粉末状,即为杂多酸离子液体复合材料催化剂。
图1是本实施例制得的杂多酸离子液体复合材料催化剂((TPH)3SiW12O40)的傅里叶红外光谱图,从图中可知,该杂多酸离子液体复合材料催化剂谱图中出现了1623cm-1、的强吸收峰,归属于苯环C=C伸缩振动,在1365cm-1附近出现烷烃CH2面外摇摆,在1081cm-1的强吸收峰,为-SO3的不对称吸收峰,1091cm-1、959cm-1、881cm-1和801cm-1,这些特征吸收峰分别是中央四面体的P-O拉伸振动,Si-O拉伸振动,Si-Ob-Si拉伸振动和Si-O-Si拉伸振动,初步说明合成的是最初想要的结构。
图2是本实施例制得的杂多酸离子液体复合材料催化剂((TPH)3SiW12O40)的X射线衍射图,从图中可知,2θ=8.4°和30.7°是(TPH)3SiW12O40的两个特征峰。
图3C是本实施例制得的杂多酸离子液体复合材料催化剂((TPH)3SiW12O40)的SEM谱图。
效果实施例
(1)催化反应产率分析
在1MPa H2的条件下,将1mmol糠醛、10ml异丙醇和200mg催化剂实施例1~3制得的杂多酸离子液体复合材料催化剂混合,120℃搅拌反应2h,最后收集产物,将所获得的产物打入HPLC中进行分析。产率计算公式:(糠醇摩尔量/原料糠醛摩尔量)×100%。
图4是实施例1~3制得的杂多酸离子液体复合材料催化剂进行催化反应的产率分析,从图中可以看出三种催化剂均具有较好的催化效果,其中,(TPH)3PW12O40的催化产率最高,说明三种催化剂里(TPH)3PW12O40对该反应有着良好的催化活性。
(2)催化剂重复性测试
图5是实施例1制得的杂多酸离子液体复合材料催化剂重复使用性能分析,使用(TPH)3PW12O40八次后,从产量分析可以看出催化剂的催化活性略微下降,就催化剂而言,其重复使用性能比较好。
(3)热稳定性分析
将实施例1~3制得的杂多酸离子液体复合材料催化剂置于热重分析仪(TGA)中进行热稳定性分析。
图6是实施例1~3制得的杂多酸离子液体复合材料催化剂热稳定性分析,从谱图中可以看出200~300℃,三种催化剂的热稳定性都非常好,几乎不会发生失重现象,这也从侧面说明了在催化体系中,该催化剂是具有一定热稳定性。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

1.一种杂多酸离子液体复合材料催化剂在糠醛催化加氢反应制备糠醇中的应用,其特征在于:
所述的杂多酸离子液体复合材料催化剂的制备方法,包含如下步骤:
(1)将1,4-丁烷磺酸内酯和三苯基膦 溶于有机溶剂中,回流搅拌反应;反应完成后洗涤并干燥,得到带正离子的中间体平台化合物;
(2)将步骤(1)制得的带正离子的中间体平台化合物与杂多酸催化剂溶于有机溶剂中,回流搅拌反应;反应完成后干燥,得到杂多酸离子液体复合材料催化剂,该杂多酸离子液体复合材料催化剂带阴阳离子;
步骤(2)中所述的杂多酸催化剂为磷钨酸、磷钼酸或硅钨酸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:
步骤(1)中所述的1,4-丁烷磺酸内酯与三苯基膦 的摩尔比为1:1.1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:
步骤(1)中所述的有机溶剂为苯、甲苯或二甲苯。
4.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:
步骤(1)中所述的回流搅拌反应的条件为80℃~140℃回流搅拌反应10h~12h。
5.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:
步骤(2)中所述的带正离子的中间体平台化合物与杂多酸催化剂的摩尔比为2:1。
6.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:
步骤(2)中所述的有机溶剂为甲醇、乙醇或丙三醇;
步骤(2)中所述的回流搅拌反应的条件为65℃~97℃回流搅拌反应8h~12h。
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