CN112067904A - Method for measuring full-space radiation characteristics of antenna - Google Patents

Method for measuring full-space radiation characteristics of antenna Download PDF

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CN112067904A
CN112067904A CN202010931837.3A CN202010931837A CN112067904A CN 112067904 A CN112067904 A CN 112067904A CN 202010931837 A CN202010931837 A CN 202010931837A CN 112067904 A CN112067904 A CN 112067904A
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antenna
plane
space
directional diagram
radiation
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俞红兵
许军
胡绘斌
吴微露
李昂
位林营
瞿洋
毕大庆
刘璐
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National University of Defense Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
    • G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
    • G01R29/10—Radiation diagrams of antennas

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Abstract

The invention provides a method for measuring the full-space radiation characteristic of an antenna, which is characterized in that based on fitted E surface and H surface directional diagrams of the antenna, a weight function is determined according to the distance between a space sampling point to be calculated and the E surface and the H surface, and then the weight function, the E surface and the H surface radiation directional diagrams jointly determine an approximate field intensity value at the sampling point. Compared with the existing calculation method, the method can be used for taking any position in the full-space range of the 360-degree azimuth angle and the 180-degree pitch angle, namely enough sampling points can be ensured to approximately calculate the full-space radiation pattern of the antenna, and the method is more accurate compared with other methods which only have four or fewer sampling points.

Description

Method for measuring full-space radiation characteristics of antenna
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antenna measurement, and particularly relates to a method for calculating the full-space radiation characteristic of an antenna.
Background
To accurately calculate and evaluate the relationship between the actual received signal strength of the receiving antenna and the actual transmitting power of the transmitting antenna, it is not enough to know the horizontal and vertical radiation characteristics of the transmitting and receiving antenna, and it is necessary to accurately describe the radiation characteristics of the antenna in the whole space. In the scheme of the invention, if the actual measurement method is adopted to obtain the approximate three-dimensional (3D) radiation pattern of the antenna, the workload is large, only the radiation pattern on a limited number of planes can be obtained, and the full-space coverage pattern of an omnidirectional angle and a full-pitch angle cannot be obtained, so that new calculation needs to be provided to perform approximate calculation on the 3D radiation pattern of the antenna.
At present, the approximate calculation effect of the antenna 3D radiation directional diagram at home and abroad is not ideal enough, the 3D directional diagram is subjected to interpolation calculation by utilizing four known sampling points respectively positioned on a horizontal plane and a vertical plane, and the calculation error of the half-wave symmetrical oscillator 3D directional diagram can reach 12dB at most. The algorithm combining rational approximation and MBPE proposed by some documents still has certain error when calculating a half-wave dipole directional diagram, the SA approximation algorithm is simple and easy to implement, has good approximation for an omnidirectional antenna, but has larger error when calculating a point with smaller field intensity value, and is not beneficial to the calculation of the antenna directivity coefficient.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a new approximate algorithm, based on the fitted antenna electric field plane (E surface) and magnetic field plane (H surface) directional diagrams, a weight function is determined according to the distance between a space sampling point to be calculated and the E surface and the H surface, and then the weight function, the E surface and the H surface radiation directional diagrams jointly determine the approximate field intensity value at the sampling point. Based on the fitted E surface and H surface directional diagrams of the antenna, a weight function is determined according to the distance between a spatial sampling point to be calculated and the E surface and the H surface, and then the approximate field intensity value at the sampling point is determined by the weight function, the E surface and the H surface radiation directional diagrams together.
The invention provides a method for calculating the full-space radiation characteristic of an antenna, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, setting an antenna electric field plane E to be overlapped with a horizontal plane, and setting a magnetic field plane H to be overlapped with a vertical plane;
determining a fitting function of the antenna in a horizontal E surface directional diagram of a measuring frequency band;
determining a fitting function of the antenna in a vertical H-plane directional diagram of a measurement frequency band;
inputting radiation data of a frequency point in a frequency band, taking 361 x 181 space sampling points at intervals of 1 degree, and calculating directional diagram characteristics of all the space sampling points;
and fifthly, marking the calculated data on a three-dimensional space diagram, and displaying the radiation characteristic of the aperture surface of the simulated antenna.
According to the method of the present invention, preferably, in the calculating step of the fitting function in the second step, the plane E and the plane H are set to coincide with the horizontal plane and the vertical plane, respectively,
step 2.1, the sampling point is positioned at 0 DEG < (R) >φWhen the temperature is less than or equal to 180 ℃,
Figure 519975DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
（1）
step 2.2, the sampling point is positioned at 180 DEG <φWhen the temperature is less than or equal to 360 degrees,
Figure 448617DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
（2）
wherein the content of the first and second substances,hor（φ) Andvert（θ) Is normalized antenna radiation pattern of E surface and H surface of antenna, and the horizontal plane isθA plane of =90 deg. or more,θis a pitch angle and a vertical plane isφA plane of =90 deg. or more,φis the azimuth;
step 2.3, dB directional diagram of E surface and H surfaceG E （φ）、G H （θ) Respectively expressed as:
Figure 318484DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
（3）
step 2.4, for any sampling pointP（φ，θ) Three-dimensional dB radiation pattern of antennaG（φ，θ) Can be approximated as:
Figure 741506DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
（4）
v1，v2anduare all spatial weighting coefficients, andφandθcorrelation, representing the directional diagram weight in azimuth and elevation;
step 2.5, when
Figure 786953DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
Time of flight
Figure 699546DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
（5）
In the formula, w1，w2Is called a constructor
Figure 243660DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
（6）
Figure 470373DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
（7）
uRepresenting interpolation coefficients of the directional diagram on a vertical plane;
step 2.6, when
Figure 167064DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
When the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,w 1=w 2=1 orw 1=w 2=0, andw 1andw 2it is not possible to have 1 at the same time, so only consideration needs to be givenw 1=w 2Case of =0, when the sampling point is on the y-axis, then
Figure 453820DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
（8）
Step 2.7, the average value of the two is obtained
Figure 485230DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
（9）
Step 2.8, converting the three-dimensional space directional diagram into an amplitude normalized three-dimensional space directional diagram
Figure 250055DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
（10）
According to the method of the present invention, preferably, the calculation step of the fitting function in step three is the same as that in step two, and the H plane is used as the spatial horizontal plane, and E is used as the dimensional spatial vertical plane.
According to the method of the present invention, preferably, step five includes: the data calculated using the method are mapped on the three-dimensional directional pattern of the antenna.
Compared with the existing calculation method, the method can take any position in the full space range of the 360-degree azimuth angle and the 180-degree pitch angle, namely enough sampling points can be ensured to approximately calculate the full space radiation pattern of the antenna, and compared with other methods with four or less sampling points, the scheme is more accurate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the calculation of horizontal polarization (E-plane) proposed by the present invention;
FIG. 2a is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional spatial geometry of the antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 2b is a schematic diagram of the antenna three-dimensional space division according to the present invention;
fig. 3a and 3b are three-dimensional directional diagram reconstructions of the antenna of the present invention in 6 frequency bands.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings.
Example one
Taking horizontal polarization (in this case, the plane E is a horizontal plane) as an example, the calculation process of the method is given, and the flow chart of the steps is shown in fig. 1. The same applies to the case of vertical polarization.
When the antenna is horizontally polarized, the E surface and the H surface are respectively superposed with a horizontal plane and a vertical plane, and the horizontal plane isθA plane of =90 deg. or more,θis a pitch angle and a vertical plane isφA plane of =90 deg. or more,φis an azimuth angle, as shown in fig. 2 (a).
The three-dimensional space is divided into 360 × 180 grids as shown in fig. 2 (b). The abscissa of the graph is 0 to 360, which represents the azimuth of the horizontal planeφThe value range of (1) represents the vertical plane pitch angle, the ordinate is 0-180θActually covers the range of a pitch angle of-90 degrees to +90 degrees by taking the radiation aperture of the antenna as the center.
Normalized antenna radiation patterns (denoted as antenna horizontal (E-plane) and vertical (H-plane), respectively) according to the antenna horizontal plane (E-plane) and vertical plane (H-plane) are described belowhor（φ) Andvert（θ) Reconstructing its 3D radiation pattern.
Because the antenna directional diagram usually only considers the far-field characteristic, the sampling point to be calculated only needs to meet the far-field condition without considering the exact distance between the antenna directional diagram and the radiation source. When the sampling point is in the right half space (0 ° <)φLess than or equal to 180 deg., assuming that the antenna radiation aperture is determined as the center, the azimuth angle is determined at the centerφ=30 ° pitch angleθIf the directional characteristic is in a space of =60 °, any position in the space satisfying the far-field distance may be regarded as a sampling point, and the sampling point is taken
Figure 777816DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
（1）
Similarly, when the sample point to be calculated is located in the left half space (180 ° <)φWhen the angle is less than or equal to 360 degrees, then
Figure 501052DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
（2）
In this case, E-plane and H-plane dB patternsG E （φ）、G H （θ) Respectively expressed as:
Figure 19758DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
（3）
considering only the far field, for arbitrary sampling points in spaceP（φ，θ) Three-dimensional dB radiation pattern of antennaG（φ，θ) Can be approximated as:
Figure 322695DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
（4）
v1，v2anduare all spatial weighting coefficients, andφandθcorrelation, represents the directional pattern weight in azimuth and elevation.
(1) When in use
Figure 728399DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
When it is used, order
Figure 356958DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
（5）
In the formula, w1，w2Is called a constructor
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
（6）
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
（7）
uIndicating the interpolated coefficients of the directional diagram on the vertical plane.
(2) When in use
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
When the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,w 1=w 2=1 orw 1=w 2=0, andw 1andw 2it is not possible to have 1 at the same time, so only consideration needs to be givenw 1=w 2Case of =0, when the sampling point is on the y-axis, theoretically:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
（8）
the average value of the two is obtained
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
（9）
The above equation calculates the dB value. If the three-dimensional directional pattern is converted into a three-dimensional directional pattern (directivity coefficient) with normalized amplitude, only the three-dimensional directional pattern needs to be converted into the three-dimensional directional pattern with normalized amplitude
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
And (4) finishing.
When the antenna is vertically polarized, the E plane is the H plane in horizontal polarization, namely the vertical plane of the space; the H surface is an E surface in horizontal polarization, namely a horizontal plane of a space, and a three-dimensional space radiation directional diagram of the antenna can be reconstructed by adopting the same method.
(2) Reconstruction of three-dimensional patterns
According to the above weighted reconstruction method, fig. 3a and fig. 3b show the reconstructed three-dimensional directional diagrams corresponding to the plane normalized directional diagrams, respectively.
From the top view and the side view of the reconstructed pattern, it can be seen that the three-dimensional reconstruction of the R & S HL562 antenna pattern is basically correct, and meanwhile, the characteristic that the pattern is rotationally symmetric in the frequency band above 200MHz, which is described in the antenna manual, is also met.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the embodiments of the present invention are capable of being embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the embodiments being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned. Furthermore, it is obvious that the word "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps, and the singular does not exclude the plural. Several units, modules or means recited in the system, apparatus or terminal claims may also be implemented by one and the same unit, module or means in software or hardware. The terms first, second, etc. are used to denote names, but not any particular order.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail with reference to the above preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A method for calculating the full-space radiation characteristic of an antenna is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, setting an antenna electric field plane E to be overlapped with a horizontal plane, and setting a magnetic field plane H to be overlapped with a vertical plane;
determining a fitting function of the antenna in a horizontal E surface directional diagram of a measuring frequency band;
determining a fitting function of the antenna in a vertical H-plane directional diagram of a measurement frequency band;
inputting radiation data of a frequency point in a frequency band, taking 361 x 181 space sampling points at intervals of 1 degree, and calculating directional diagram characteristics of all the space sampling points;
and fifthly, marking the calculated data on a three-dimensional space diagram, and displaying the radiation characteristic of the aperture surface of the simulated antenna.
2. The computing method of claim 1, wherein: in the calculation step of the fitting function in the second step, the plane E and the plane H are respectively superposed with the horizontal plane and the vertical plane,
step 2.1, the sampling point is positioned at 0 DEG < (R) >φWhen the temperature is less than or equal to 180 ℃,
Figure 352612DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
（1）
step 2.2, the sampling point is positioned at 180 DEG <φWhen the temperature is less than or equal to 360 degrees,
Figure 941856DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
（2）
wherein the content of the first and second substances,hor（φ) Andvert（θ) Is normalized antenna radiation pattern of E surface and H surface of antenna, and the horizontal plane isθ=The plane of the angle of 90 degrees is provided with a plurality of grooves,θis a pitch angle and a vertical plane isφ=The plane of the angle of 90 degrees is provided with a plurality of grooves,φis the azimuth;
step 2.3, dB directional diagram G of E surface and H surfaceE(φ)、GH(θ) Respectively expressed as:
Figure 82113DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
（3）
step 2.4, for any sampling pointP（φ，θ) Three-dimensional dB radiation pattern of antennaG（φ，θ）Can be close toThe method is as follows:
Figure 398693DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
（4）
v1，v2anduare all spatial weighting coefficients, andφandθcorrelation, representing the directional diagram weight in azimuth and elevation;
step 2.5, when
Figure 393760DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
Time of flight
Figure 872015DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
（5）
In the formula, w1，w2Is called a constructor
Figure 499568DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
（6）
Figure 370572DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
（7）
uRepresenting interpolation coefficients of the directional diagram on a vertical plane;
step 2.6, when
Figure 898505DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
When the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,w 1=w 2=1 orw 1=w 2=0, andw 1andw 2it is not possible to have 1 at the same time, so only consideration needs to be givenw 1=w 2Case of =0, when the sampling point is on the y-axis, then
Figure 314705DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
（8）
Step 2.7, the average value of the two is obtained
Figure 724827DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
（9）
Step 2.8, converting the three-dimensional space directional diagram into an amplitude normalized three-dimensional space directional diagram
Figure 822358DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
（10）。
3. The computing method of claim 2, wherein: and the calculation step of the fitting function in the third step is the same as the second step, and the H surface is taken as a space horizontal plane, and the E surface is taken as a dimensional space vertical plane.
4. The computing method of claim 3, wherein: the fifth step comprises the following steps: the data calculated using the method are mapped on the three-dimensional directional pattern of the antenna.
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114076854A (en) * 2021-11-17 2022-02-22 北京航空航天大学 Antenna directional diagram visualization method suitable for moment method post-processing
CN115659590A (en) * 2022-09-21 2023-01-31 中国民用航空总局第二研究所 Rapid simulation method for vertical radiation pattern of omnidirectional beacon antenna array

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CN102508048A (en) * 2011-11-04 2012-06-20 中国科学院空间科学与应用研究中心 Method for performing radiation test on large antenna based on actual paraboloidal coordinates
CN104655942A (en) * 2013-11-19 2015-05-27 西安华雍机电科技有限公司 Automatic antenna pattern testing system

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114076854A (en) * 2021-11-17 2022-02-22 北京航空航天大学 Antenna directional diagram visualization method suitable for moment method post-processing
CN114076854B (en) * 2021-11-17 2022-04-22 北京航空航天大学 Antenna directional diagram visualization method suitable for moment method post-processing
CN115659590A (en) * 2022-09-21 2023-01-31 中国民用航空总局第二研究所 Rapid simulation method for vertical radiation pattern of omnidirectional beacon antenna array
CN115659590B (en) * 2022-09-21 2024-02-27 中国民用航空总局第二研究所 Rapid simulation method for vertical radiation field of omnidirectional beacon antenna array

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Application publication date: 20201211