CN114076854B - Antenna directional diagram visualization method suitable for moment method post-processing - Google Patents

Antenna directional diagram visualization method suitable for moment method post-processing Download PDF

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CN114076854B
CN114076854B CN202111361231.1A CN202111361231A CN114076854B CN 114076854 B CN114076854 B CN 114076854B CN 202111361231 A CN202111361231 A CN 202111361231A CN 114076854 B CN114076854 B CN 114076854B
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antenna
data
spherical
directional
point
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CN114076854A (en
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李尧尧
蔡少雄
刁晓静
曹成
陈广志
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Beihang University
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Beihang University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
    • G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
    • G01R29/10—Radiation diagrams of antennas

Abstract

The invention discloses an antenna directional diagram visualization method suitable for post-processing by a moment method, which comprises the following steps of: s1, establishing an antenna model and appointing excitation of an antenna; s2, determining a system matrix and a right vector required by moment method calculation; s3, establishing a spherical angle two-dimensional grid
Figure DDA0003359351610000011
S4, obtaining angles on grid vertexes through post-processing by using a moment method
Figure DDA0003359351610000012
Perpendicular polarization direction of the antenna
Figure DDA0003359351610000013
Direction of horizontal polarization
Figure DDA0003359351610000014
Far field directivity data of the resultant total field, denoted
Figure DDA0003359351610000015
And
Figure DDA0003359351610000016
the directional data can be tabulated as
Figure DDA0003359351610000017
And S5, performing visual processing on the directional data of the antenna. The invention can meet the matching of the antenna directional diagram display size with the platform and model display size under different application occasions, and the geometric measurement of the lobe diagram of the antenna can be realized until the antenna has a visual display effect.

Description

Antenna directional diagram visualization method suitable for moment method post-processing
Technical Field
The invention relates to antenna pattern processing, in particular to an antenna pattern visualization method suitable for post-processing by a moment method.
Background
The parameterized curve structure has very wide application in electromagnetic field analysis, such as the fields of thin-line antenna structures, the construction of complex curved surfaces in electromagnetic field analysis and the like. However, at present, the three-dimensional visualization problem along the far-field pattern of the antenna, the polarization switching problem of the far-field antenna of the antenna, the color configuration problem of the far-field pattern of the antenna, the switching problem of the far-field pattern dB and the original value of the antenna, the switching problem of the dynamic range of the far-field pattern of the antenna, and the alignment problem of the far-field pattern of the antenna and the antenna model, especially the complex structure model, are difficult to be effectively solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides an antenna directional diagram visualization method suitable for post-processing by a moment method, and can meet the matching of the antenna directional diagram display size with the platform and model display size under different application occasions, and the geometric measurement of the lobe diagram of the antenna is performed until the lobe diagram is displayed visually.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: an antenna directional pattern visualization method suitable for moment method post-processing comprises the following steps:
s1, establishing an antenna model and appointing excitation of an antenna;
s2, determining a system matrix and a right vector required by moment method calculation;
s3, establishing a spherical angle two-dimensional grid
Figure BDA0003359351590000011
S4, obtaining angles on grid vertexes through post-processing by using a moment method
Figure BDA0003359351590000012
Perpendicular polarization direction of the antenna
Figure BDA0003359351590000013
Direction of horizontal polarization
Figure BDA0003359351590000014
Far field directivity data of the resultant total field, denoted
Figure BDA0003359351590000015
And
Figure BDA0003359351590000016
the directional data can be tabulated as
Figure BDA0003359351590000017
And S5, performing visual processing on the directional data of the antenna.
The step S1 includes:
extracting a point list and a point connection list of an antenna CAD surface element grid model from a lattice model file in a nanostran format, and designating antenna excitation;
converting the point list and the point connection list in the antenna CAD surface element grid model into a basis function required by a moment method through the format of RWG basis function, wherein the basis function list is fmM is 1,2, …, nbase, where nbase is the total number of basis functions.
Further, the step S2 includes:
s201. Pair matrix [ A ]]nbase×nbaseFilling to obtain a system matrix A, a required by moment method calculationmnThe mth row and nth column element of A; the fill formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003359351590000021
wherein f ismAnd fnIs the mth and nth basis functions, G is a three-dimensional Green's function; epsilonlIs the free space dielectric constant; mu.slIs free space permeability;
Figure BDA00033593515900000221
in order to be a spatial linear differential operator,
Figure BDA0003359351590000022
omega is angular frequency; r' is the region where the source point is located, i.e. fnA position vector within the region; r is the area where the field point is located, i.e. fmA position vector within the region;
s202, excitation item [ rhs ] is paired]nbaseFilling to obtain a right vector required by moment method calculation;
Figure BDA0003359351590000023
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003359351590000024
is the field distribution in the mth basis function domain under excitation;
and S203, calculating and solving Ax ═ rhs to obtain x, wherein the x is the current amount x [ ibase ] on the unknown quantity of each base function ibase, and the ibase is an integer subscript from 1 to nbase.
Further, the spherical angle two-dimensional grid of step S3
Figure BDA0003359351590000025
In (1),
Figure BDA0003359351590000026
Figure BDA0003359351590000027
i is 0,1,2, …, M; j is 0,1,2, …, N, where M is the number of splits in the theta direction, and N is
Figure BDA0003359351590000028
Number of splits in direction.
Further, the step S4 includes:
s401, for spherical angle two-dimensional grid
Figure BDA0003359351590000029
At any point
Figure BDA00033593515900000210
Calculating the far field of horizontally polarized electromagnetic wave
Figure BDA00033593515900000211
And vertically polarized electromagnetic far field
Figure BDA00033593515900000212
Figure BDA00033593515900000213
Figure BDA00033593515900000214
Wherein E islAnd HlThe electric field distribution and the magnetic field distribution on the triangular surface element are obtained by interpolation and differential calculation of a current basis function current distribution list cbm in a triangular domain;
Figure BDA00033593515900000215
is composed of
Figure BDA00033593515900000216
The unit direction vector of the angular vertical polarization,
Figure BDA00033593515900000217
is the unit direction vector of the angular horizontal polarization,
Figure BDA00033593515900000218
is composed of
Figure BDA00033593515900000219
A radial unit vector in angle; delta Sl' is the antenna surface discrete unit area; r 'is delta S'lAny one point vector ofAn amount; η is 120 pi; k is the wave number in free space,
Figure BDA00033593515900000220
r is the radial distance of the field point far away from the origin of coordinates;
Figure BDA0003359351590000031
is a normal unit vector;
s402, performing power integration on the electric fields of all target observation angles to obtain a directivity coefficient, and normalizing the directivity coefficient for the electric fields to obtain the vertical polarization direction of the antenna
Figure BDA0003359351590000032
Direction of horizontal polarization
Figure BDA0003359351590000033
Synthesizing far field directivity data for a total field
Figure BDA0003359351590000034
Figure BDA0003359351590000035
Figure BDA0003359351590000036
Figure BDA0003359351590000037
Figure BDA0003359351590000038
Figure BDA0003359351590000039
Wherein, P represents far-field radiation power, eta is 120 piRepresenting the free-space wave impedance, DnormRepresenting a directivity coefficient;
s403. when i is 0,1,2, …, M; if j is 0,1,2, …, N, and if i and j are arbitrarily combined, steps S401 to S402 are repeated to obtain the corresponding
Figure BDA00033593515900000310
When all combinations of the values of i and j are executed, recording the obtained data list as
Figure BDA00033593515900000311
Further, the step S5 includes:
first, normalization of directivity data and determination of spherical radius R where directivity data is located
Defining the outermost spherical surface drawn by the directional diagram as Rout
Case 1: non-dB directional pattern mapping
The mapping of the pattern data need not be performed,
Figure BDA00033593515900000312
the outermost spherical radius R is equal to RoutWhere max is a function of the maximum in the list, each direction data
Figure BDA00033593515900000313
The spherical radius is as follows:
Figure BDA00033593515900000314
case 2: dB directional diagram rendering
When a directional diagram is drawn, in order to solve the problem of absolute radius when the directional diagram is displayed in a dB mode, the directional data needs to be normalized, and the specific method is to define a dynamic range parameter DrIn dB from the directional data list
Figure BDA00033593515900000315
Is found in
Figure BDA00033593515900000316
Then define the minimum value of the directional data as
Figure BDA00033593515900000317
Figure BDA00033593515900000318
Will be provided with
Figure BDA00033593515900000319
All of them are less than
Figure BDA00033593515900000320
Is assigned a value of
Figure BDA00033593515900000321
dB is a function, directional data is converted into dB data dB (D) 10 log10(D) Thus, the normalization of the directivity data when the dB directional diagram is drawn is completed;
Figure BDA00033593515900000322
the outermost spherical radius R is equal to RoutData of each direction
Figure BDA00033593515900000323
The spherical radius is as follows:
Figure BDA0003359351590000041
two-dimensional mesh vertex with spherical angle
Figure BDA0003359351590000042
To three-dimensional rectangular coordinates [ (x)i,yi,zi)]M×NThe transformation of (2):
the coordinate transformation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003359351590000043
Figure BDA0003359351590000044
zi＝Rcos(RAD·θi)
wherein RAD is 0.01745
Three, spherical triangular gridding processing
To pair
Figure BDA0003359351590000045
Pi+1,j,Pi+1,j+1,Pi,j+1Dividing the enclosed two-dimensional mesh of the spherical angular points to obtain two triangular meshes of the spherical angular points: tri1 (P)i,j,Pi+1,j,Pi+1,j+1) And Tri2 (P)i+1,j+1,Pi,j+1,Pi,j)；
Mixing P in Tr1 and Tr2i,j，Pi+1,j,Pi+1,j+1,Pi,j+1Conversion to rectangular coordinate system point [ (x)m,n,ym,n,zm,n)]Wherein m ═ i, i + 1; obtaining the three-dimensional plane triangular coordinates mapped by Tri1 and Tri2 on the spherical surface and point connection, traversing i from 0 to M-1, and traversing j from 0 to N-1; collecting the three-dimensional plane triangular coordinates on all the spherical surfaces and connecting the three-dimensional plane triangular coordinates with the points to form a point list [ spts ]]NPAnd a point connection list (scon)]NC(ii) a Wherein NP represents the number of points in the point list; NC represents the number in the point connection list; x is the number ofm,n,ym,n,zm,nThe value of (2) is determined by calculation in step two, and R in step two is determined by calculation from the actually normalized directivity coefficient value in the first step according to a dB or non-dB mode;
fourthly, scaling, size control and R of directional diagramoutIs determined
Because the control of the display effect of the digraph needs to be adapted to different resolutions of different displays, the spherical radius R of a reference can be set according to the size of the display area of the screennormAnd setting different display radius control coefficients CR，
Rout＝CR·Rnorm
Obtaining the actual outermost spherical radius RoutSo as to control the scaling of the directional diagram,controlling the size;
fifthly, moving, rotating and aligning the position of the directional diagram
Because the antenna needs to be installed at different positions and different angular postures of the complex scatterer, the antenna directional diagram needs to be subjected to translation and rotation operations, and the central position of the directional diagram is moved from (0, 0, 0) to (x) in the translation processp,yp,zp) The post coordinate transformation formula is:
Figure BDA0003359351590000046
Figure BDA0003359351590000047
zi＝zp+Rcos(RAD·θi)
wherein RAD is 0.01745
By arranging (x) on the surface of a complex diffuserp,yp,zp)，iu＝(ux,uy,uz)，iv＝(vx,vy,vz)，iw＝(wx,wy,wz) For the local coordinate system, by calculating
Figure BDA0003359351590000051
Figure BDA0003359351590000052
Figure BDA0003359351590000053
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1) in the process of determining the spherical radius R, the spherical radius of the outermost layer is RoutAnd a control coefficient CRThe introduction of the antenna can solve the functional requirement that the scale of the antenna relative to the platform model is self-adaptively adjusted according to the size of the screen, and the problem that the display size of an antenna directional diagram is not matched with the display sizes of the platform and the model under different application occasions is solved；
2) Dynamic Range parameter DrThe introduction of the parameters solves the problem that the antenna directional diagram is in a dB drawing state, and a very small far field value causes a very large spherical radius which is not in accordance with the actual situation; in addition, the range parameter D can be usedrControlling parameters, measuring the lobe pattern of the antenna until the lobe pattern is displayed visually (for example, the main lobe width and the auxiliary lobe width of the antenna are displayed more directly)
3) The position of the directional diagram is moved, and the directional diagram is rotated and aligned, so that the problem of displaying the directional diagram of the antenna under different mounting planes is solved through vector transformation of coordinates of each corner point of the directional diagram of the antenna.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an antenna model in an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional grid of spherical angles in an embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating far field directivity data in an embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a non-dB directional diagram plotting linear mapping relationship between spherical radius and directional data in an embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a linear mapping relationship between the radius of a spherical surface and direction data plotted in a dB directional diagram in an embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating a mapping from vertices of a spherical-angle two-dimensional mesh to three-dimensional rectangular coordinates in an embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of segmentation of a two-dimensional grid of spherical corner points in the embodiment;
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing post-installation processing of antenna patterns in an embodiment;
FIG. 10 is a mapping of non-dB directional data versus color values for an embodiment;
FIG. 11 is a mapping of dB direction data to color values for an embodiment;
FIG. 12 is a schematic color chart of a first triangular lattice painting according to the embodiment;
FIG. 13 is a schematic color chart of a first triangular lattice painting according to the embodiment;
FIG. 14 is an antenna pattern shown in non-dB;
fig. 15 is a control diagram of antenna pattern dynamic range.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following.
As shown in fig. 1, an antenna pattern visualization method suitable for moment method post-processing includes the following steps:
s1, establishing an antenna model (such as a horn antenna shown in figure 2) and appointing excitation of the antenna (shown in yellow in figure 2);
the step S1 includes:
extracting a point list and a point connection list of an antenna CAD surface element grid model from a lattice model file in a nanostran format, and designating antenna excitation;
converting the point list and the point connection list in the antenna CAD surface element grid model into a basis function required by a moment method through the format of RWG basis function, wherein the basis function list is fmM is 1,2, …, nbase, where nbase is the total number of basis functions.
S2, determining a system matrix and a right vector required by moment method calculation;
further, the step S2 includes:
s201. Pair matrix [ A ]]nbase×nbaseFilling to obtain a system matrix A, a required by moment method calculationmnThe mth row and nth column element of A; the fill formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003359351590000061
wherein f ismAnd fnIs the mth and nth basis functions, G is a three-dimensional Green's function; epsilonlIs the free space dielectric constant; mu.slIs free space permeability;
Figure BDA0003359351590000062
in order to be a spatial linear differential operator,
Figure BDA0003359351590000063
omega is angular frequency; r' is the region where the source point is located, i.e. fnA position vector within the region; r is the area where the field point is located, i.e. fmA position vector within the region;
s202, excitation item [ rhs ] is paired]nbaseFilling to obtain a right vector required by moment method calculation;
Figure BDA0003359351590000064
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003359351590000065
is the field distribution in the mth basis function domain under excitation;
and S203, calculating and solving Ax ═ rhs to obtain x, wherein the x is the current amount x [ ibase ] on the unknown quantity of each base function ibase, and the ibase is an integer subscript from 1 to nbase.
S3, establishing a spherical two-dimensional network and establishing a spherical angle two-dimensional grid
Figure BDA0003359351590000066
Further, the spherical angle two-dimensional grid of step S3
Figure BDA0003359351590000067
As shown in fig. 3, in which,
Figure BDA0003359351590000068
Figure BDA0003359351590000071
i is 0,1,2, …, M; j is 0,1,2, …, N, where M is the number of splits in the θ direction (for 360 degrees) and N is
Figure BDA0003359351590000072
Number of splits in direction (for 360 degrees).
S4, obtaining angles on grid vertexes through post-processing by using a moment method
Figure BDA0003359351590000073
Perpendicular polarization direction of the antenna
Figure BDA0003359351590000074
Direction of horizontal polarization
Figure BDA0003359351590000075
Far field directivity data of the resultant total field, denoted
Figure BDA0003359351590000076
And
Figure BDA0003359351590000077
(as shown in FIG. 4), the list of directional data that can be achieved is
Figure BDA0003359351590000078
The step S4 includes:
s401, for spherical angle two-dimensional grid
Figure BDA0003359351590000079
At any point
Figure BDA00033593515900000710
Calculating the far field of horizontally polarized electromagnetic wave
Figure BDA00033593515900000711
And vertically polarized electromagnetic far field
Figure BDA00033593515900000712
Figure BDA00033593515900000713
Figure BDA00033593515900000714
Wherein E islAnd HlThe electric field distribution and the magnetic field distribution on the triangular surface element are obtained by interpolation and differential calculation of a current basis function current distribution list cbm in a triangular domain;
Figure BDA00033593515900000715
is composed of
Figure BDA00033593515900000716
The unit direction vector of the angular vertical polarization,
Figure BDA00033593515900000717
is the unit direction vector of the angular horizontal polarization,
Figure BDA00033593515900000718
is composed of
Figure BDA00033593515900000719
A radial unit vector in angle; delta Sl' is the antenna surface discrete unit area; r' is Δ Sl' any point vector on; η is 120 pi; k is the wave number in free space,
Figure BDA00033593515900000720
r is the radial distance of the field point far away from the origin of coordinates;
Figure BDA00033593515900000721
is a normal unit vector;
s402, performing power integration on the electric fields of all target observation angles to obtain a directivity coefficient, and normalizing the directivity coefficient for the electric fields to obtain the vertical polarization direction of the antenna
Figure BDA00033593515900000722
Direction of horizontal polarization
Figure BDA00033593515900000723
Synthesizing far field directivity data for a total field
Figure BDA00033593515900000724
Figure BDA00033593515900000725
Figure BDA00033593515900000726
Figure BDA00033593515900000727
Figure BDA00033593515900000728
Figure BDA00033593515900000729
Wherein, P represents far-field radiation power, eta-120 pi represents free space wave impedance, DnormRepresenting a directivity coefficient;
s403. when i is 0,1,2, …, M; if j is 0,1,2, …, N, and if i and j are arbitrarily combined, steps S401 to S402 are repeated to obtain the corresponding
Figure BDA0003359351590000081
When all combinations of the values of i and j are executed, recording the obtained data list as
Figure BDA0003359351590000082
And S5, performing visual processing on the directional data of the antenna. The foregoing steps illustrate a process for calculating antenna far-field directivity data by a moment method, and the following describes a visualization process of the antenna directivity data and a corresponding method. Since the processing flows of the vertical polarization direction diagram post-processing display, the horizontal polarization direction diagram post-processing display and the total direction diagram post-processing display are the same, only the vertical polarization direction diagram is taken as an example below, and the post-processing display scheme (the vertical polarization direction corresponds to the directivity) one, the normalization of the directivity data and the determination of the spherical radius R where the directivity data is located are described below
Defining the outermost spherical surface drawn by the directional diagram as Rout
Case 1: non-dB directional pattern mapping
The mapping of the pattern data need not be performed,
Figure BDA0003359351590000083
the outermost spherical radius R is equal to RoutWhere max is a function of the maximum in the list, each direction data
Figure BDA0003359351590000084
The spherical radius is as follows:
Figure BDA0003359351590000085
the linear mapping relationship between the spherical radius and the direction data is shown in FIG. 5
Case 2: dB directional diagram rendering
When a directional diagram is drawn, in order to solve the problem of absolute radius when the directional diagram is displayed in a dB mode, the directional data needs to be normalized, and the specific method is to define a dynamic range parameter DrIn dB from the directional data list
Figure BDA0003359351590000086
Is found in
Figure BDA0003359351590000087
Then define the minimum value of the directional data as
Figure BDA0003359351590000088
Figure BDA0003359351590000089
Will be provided with
Figure BDA00033593515900000810
All of them are less than
Figure BDA00033593515900000811
Is assigned a value of
Figure BDA00033593515900000812
dB is a function, directional data is converted into dB data dB (D) 10 log10(D) Thus, the normalization of the directivity data when the dB directional diagram is drawn is completed;
Figure BDA00033593515900000813
the outermost spherical radius R is equal to RoutData of each direction
Figure BDA00033593515900000814
The spherical radius is as follows:
Figure BDA00033593515900000815
the linear mapping relation of the spherical radius and the direction data is shown in figure 6 as the vertex of the two-dimensional mesh with two spherical angles
Figure BDA00033593515900000816
To three-dimensional rectangular coordinates [ (x)i,yi,zi)]M×NThe transformation formula of (1):
the mapping of the vertices of a spherical-angle two-dimensional mesh (four vertices in FIG. 2) to three-dimensional rectangular coordinates is schematically illustrated in FIG. 7
The coordinate transformation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA00033593515900000817
zi＝Rcos(RAD·θi)
wherein RAD is 0.01745
Three, spherical triangular gridding processing
To pair
Figure BDA0003359351590000091
Pi+1,j,Pi+1,j+1,Pi,j+1The two-dimensional mesh of spherical corner points enclosed as shown in fig. 2 is divided as shown in fig. 7 to obtain two triangular meshes of spherical corner points: tri1 (P)i,j,Pi+1,j,Pi+1,j+1) And Tri2 (P)i+1,j+1,Pi,j+1,Pi,j) (ii) a Referring to the second, P in Tr1 and Tr2i,j，Pi+1,j,Pi+1,j+1,Pi,j+1Conversion to rectangular coordinate system point [ (x)m,n,ym,n,zm,n)]Wherein m ═ i, i + 1; obtaining the three-dimensional plane triangular coordinates mapped by Tri1 and Tri2 on the spherical surface and point connection, traversing i from 0 to M-1, and traversing j from 0 to N-1; collecting the three-dimensional plane triangular coordinates on all the spherical surfaces and connecting the three-dimensional plane triangular coordinates with the points to form a point list [ spts ]]NPAnd a point connection list (scon)]NC(ii) a Wherein NP represents the number of points in the point list; NC represents the number in the point connection list; x is the number ofm,n,ym,n,zm,nThe value of (2) is determined by calculation of two, and R in the second is determined by calculation of the directivity coefficient value after actual normalization in the first according to a dB or non-dB mode; schematically shown in FIG. 8
Fourthly, scaling, size control and R of directional diagramoutIs determined
Because the control of the map display effect needs to be adapted to different resolutions of different displays, a reference spherical radius R can be set according to the size of the screen display areanormAnd setting different display radius control coefficients CRE.g. six 0.3,0.5,1,1.3,2,3
Rout＝CR·Rnorm
Obtaining the actual outermost spherical radius RoutTherefore, the scaling and size control of the directional diagram are controlled.
Fifthly, moving, rotating and aligning the position of the directional diagram
Due to the antenna to be installedAt different positions of the complex scatterer, different angular attitudes require translation and rotation operations of the antenna pattern, for which translation the center position of the pattern is moved from (0, 0, 0) to (x)p,yp,zp) The post coordinate transformation formula is:
Figure BDA0003359351590000092
zi＝zp+Rcos(RAD·θi)
wherein RAD is 0.01745
By arranging (x) on the surface of a complex diffuserp,yp,zp)，iu＝(ux,uy,uz)，iv＝(vx,vy,vz)，iw＝(wx,wy,wz) For the local coordinate system, by calculating
Figure BDA0003359351590000093
Figure BDA0003359351590000094
Figure BDA0003359351590000101
In the embodiment of the application, after the visualization processing is completed, the visualization of the antenna directional pattern can be completed, for example, the directional pattern can be mounted on the surface of a complex scattering body, and the post-installation processing display of the antenna directional pattern is displayed, as shown in fig. 9 below;
in embodiments of the present application, the antennas may be further color-matched, for example, the antenna pattern color scheme is as follows:
the mapping of color values to non-dB direction data is shown in FIG. 10:
the value of each triangular grid obtained in step three is taken as direction data (D) on three corner points1，D2，D3) Mean direction data of (D) ═ D1+D2+D3) The mapping is performed according to/3, and the color value corresponding to the triangle is clr ═ D/Dmax*256；
Mapping of color values to directional data of the dB type is shown in FIG. 11
The values obtained in step three for each triangular mesh are taken as directional data (dB (D) at three corner points1)，dB(D2)，dB(D3) Average direction data of (D) ((D) (dB (D))1)+dB(D2)+dB(D3) 3) is mapped, the color value corresponding to the triangle is
Figure BDA0003359351590000102
Then for a color scheme with varying shades, RGB ═ R, G, B)
In the first case, can be taken
Figure BDA0003359351590000103
G =0, B ═ clr% 256, int is the rounding function,% is the modulo operation; the obtained RGB value is the color of the triangular grid, the deeper the color is, the larger the numerical value is, and the lighter the color is, the smaller the numerical value is; as shown in fig. 12 (in the figure, shades of color values are expressed in grayscale):
in the second case of the above-mentioned case,
Figure BDA0003359351590000104
g ═ clr% 256, B ═ 0, int is a rounding function, and% is a modulo operation, and the processing result obtained at this time is shown in fig. 13 (in the figure, shades of color values are expressed in grayscale).
In the embodiment of the present application, the dynamic range of the antenna pattern in the dB state display can be controlled, and the antenna pattern in the following non-dB display is shown in fig. 14 (in the figure, the shade of the color value is expressed by gray scale);
by dynamic range parameter DrAs shown in fig. 15 (in the figure, colors are expressed in gray scale), and the antenna pattern dynamic range is controlled by processing and displaying the modified and refreshed antenna pattern dataShade of color value).
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. An antenna directional pattern visualization method suitable for moment method post-processing is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, establishing an antenna model and appointing excitation of an antenna;
s2, determining a system matrix and a right vector required by moment method calculation;
s3, establishing a spherical angle two-dimensional grid
Figure FDA0003558249350000011
S4, obtaining angles on grid vertexes through post-processing by using a moment method
Figure FDA0003558249350000012
Perpendicular polarization direction of the antenna
Figure FDA0003558249350000013
Direction of horizontal polarization
Figure FDA0003558249350000014
Far field directivity data of the resultant total field, denoted
Figure FDA0003558249350000015
And
Figure FDA0003558249350000016
the directional data list is formed as
Figure FDA0003558249350000017
S5, visualization processing of antenna directivity data:
the step S5 includes:
first, normalization of directivity data and determination of spherical radius R where directivity data is located
Defining the outermost spherical surface drawn by the directional diagram as Rout
Case 1: non-dB directional pattern mapping
The mapping of the pattern data need not be performed,
Figure FDA0003558249350000018
the outermost spherical radius R is equal to RoutWhere max is a function of the maximum in the list, each direction data
Figure FDA0003558249350000019
The spherical radius is as follows:
Figure FDA00035582493500000110
case 2: dB directional diagram rendering
When a directional diagram is drawn, in order to solve the problem of absolute radius when the directional diagram is displayed in a dB mode, the directional data needs to be normalized, and the specific method is to define a dynamic range parameter DrIn dB from the directional data list
Figure FDA00035582493500000111
Is found in
Figure FDA00035582493500000112
Then define the minimum value of the directional data as
Figure FDA00035582493500000113
Figure FDA00035582493500000114
Will be provided with
Figure FDA00035582493500000115
All of them are less than
Figure FDA00035582493500000116
Is assigned a value of
Figure FDA00035582493500000117
dB is a function, directional data is converted into dB data dB (D) 10 log10(D) Thus, the normalization of the directivity data when the dB directional diagram is drawn is completed;
Figure FDA00035582493500000118
the outermost spherical radius R is equal to RoutData of each direction
Figure FDA00035582493500000119
The spherical radius is as follows:
Figure FDA00035582493500000120
two-dimensional mesh vertex with spherical angle
Figure FDA00035582493500000121
To three-dimensional rectangular coordinates [ (x)i,yi,zi)]M×NThe transformation of (2):
the coordinate transformation formula is as follows:
Figure FDA00035582493500000122
Figure FDA00035582493500000123
wherein RAD is 0.01745
Three, spherical triangular gridding processing
To pair
Figure FDA0003558249350000021
Pi+1,j,Pi+1,j+1,Pi,j+1Dividing the enclosed two-dimensional mesh of the spherical angular points to obtain two triangular meshes of the spherical angular points: tri1 (P)i,j,Pi+1,j,Pi+1,j+1) And Tri2 (P)i+1,j+1,Pi,j+1,Pi,j)；
Mixing P in Tr1 and Tr2i,j，Pi+1,j,Pi+1,j+1,Pi,j+1Conversion to rectangular coordinate system point [ (x)m,n,ym,n,zm,n)]Wherein m ═ i, i + 1; obtaining the three-dimensional plane triangular coordinates mapped by Tri1 and Tri2 on the spherical surface and point connection, traversing i from 0 to M-1, and traversing j from 0 to N-1; collecting the three-dimensional plane triangular coordinates on all the spherical surfaces and connecting the three-dimensional plane triangular coordinates with the points to form a point list [ spts ]]NPAnd a point connection list (scon)]NC(ii) a Wherein NP represents the number of points in the point list; NC represents the number in the point connection list; x is the number ofm,n,ym,n,zm,nThe value of (2) is determined by calculation in step two, and R in step two is determined by calculation from the actually normalized directivity coefficient value in the first step according to a dB or non-dB mode;
fourthly, scaling, size control and R of directional diagramoutIs determined
Because the control of the display effect of the digraph needs to be adapted to different resolutions of different displays, the spherical radius R of a reference can be set according to the size of the display area of the screennormAnd setting different display radius control coefficients CR，
Rout＝CR·Rnorm
Obtaining the actual outermost spherical radius RoutSo as to control the scaling and size control of the directional diagram;
fifthly, moving, rotating and aligning the position of the directional diagram
Because the antenna needs to be arranged at different positions and different angular postures of the complex scatterer, the antenna needs to be arranged at different angular posturesTo operate the antenna pattern in translation and rotation, the center position of the pattern is moved from (0, 0, 0) to (x) for translationp,yp,zp) The post coordinate transformation formula is:
Figure FDA0003558249350000022
Figure FDA0003558249350000023
zi＝zp+Rcos(RAD·θi)
wherein RAD is 0.01745
By arranging (x) on the surface of a complex diffuserp,yp,zp)，iu＝(ux,uy,uz)，iv＝(vx,vy,vz)，iw＝(wx,wy,wz) For the local coordinate system, by calculating
Figure FDA0003558249350000024
Figure FDA0003558249350000025
Figure FDA0003558249350000026
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step S1 includes:
extracting a point list and a point connection list of an antenna CAD surface element grid model from a lattice model file in a nanostran format, and designating antenna excitation;
converting point lists and point connection lists in antenna CAD surface element grid model into moment method through format of RWG basis functionIf the required basis functions are required, the basis functions are listed as fmM is 1,2, …, nbase, where nbase is the total number of basis functions.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step S2 includes:
s201. Pair matrix [ A ]]nbase×nbaseFilling to obtain a system matrix A, a required by moment method calculationmnThe mth row and nth column element of A; the fill formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0003558249350000031
wherein f ismAnd fnIs the mth and nth basis functions, G is a three-dimensional Green's function; epsilonlIs the free space dielectric constant; mu.slIs free space permeability;
Figure FDA0003558249350000032
in order to be a spatial linear differential operator,
Figure FDA0003558249350000033
omega is angular frequency; r' is the region where the source point is located, i.e. fnA position vector within the region; r is the area where the field point is located, i.e. fmA position vector within the region;
s202, excitation item [ rhs ] is paired]nbaseFilling to obtain a right vector required by moment method calculation;
Figure FDA0003558249350000034
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003558249350000035
is the field distribution in the mth basis function domain under excitation;
and S203, calculating and solving Ax ═ rhs to obtain x, wherein the x is the current amount x [ ibase ] on the unknown quantity of each base function ibase, and the ibase is an integer subscript from 1 to nbase.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: step S3, the two-dimensional grid of spherical angles
Figure FDA0003558249350000036
In (1),
Figure FDA0003558249350000037
Figure FDA0003558249350000038
i is 0,1,2, …, M; j is 0,1,2, …, N, where M is the number of splits in the theta direction, and N is
Figure FDA0003558249350000039
Number of splits in direction.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step S4 includes:
s401, for spherical angle two-dimensional grid
Figure FDA00035582493500000310
At any point
Figure FDA00035582493500000311
Calculating the far field of horizontally polarized electromagnetic wave
Figure FDA0003558249350000041
And vertically polarized electromagnetic far field
Figure FDA0003558249350000042
Figure FDA0003558249350000043
Figure FDA0003558249350000044
Wherein E islAnd HlThe electric field distribution and the magnetic field distribution on the triangular surface element are obtained by interpolation and differential calculation of a current basis function current distribution list cbm in a triangular domain;
Figure FDA0003558249350000045
is composed of
Figure FDA0003558249350000046
The unit direction vector of the angular vertical polarization,
Figure FDA0003558249350000047
is the unit direction vector of the angular horizontal polarization,
Figure FDA0003558249350000048
is composed of
Figure FDA0003558249350000049
A radial unit vector in angle; delta S'lIs the discrete unit area of the antenna surface; r 'is delta S'lAny point vector above; η is 120 pi; k is the wave number in free space,
Figure FDA00035582493500000410
r is the radial distance of the field point far away from the origin of coordinates;
Figure FDA00035582493500000411
is a normal unit vector;
s402, performing power integration on the electric fields of all target observation angles to obtain a directivity coefficient, and normalizing the directivity coefficient for the electric fields to obtain the vertical polarization direction of the antenna
Figure FDA00035582493500000412
Direction of horizontal polarization
Figure FDA00035582493500000413
Synthesizing far field directivity data for a total field
Figure FDA00035582493500000414
Figure FDA00035582493500000415
Figure FDA00035582493500000416
Figure FDA00035582493500000417
Figure FDA00035582493500000418
Figure FDA00035582493500000419
Wherein, P represents far-field radiation power, eta-120 pi represents free space wave impedance, DnormRepresenting a directivity coefficient;
s403. when i is 0,1,2, …, M; if j is 0,1,2, …, N, and if i and j are arbitrarily combined, steps S401 to S402 are repeated to obtain the correspondingθi,
Figure FDA00035582493500000420
When all combinations of the values of i and j are executed, recording the obtained data list as
Figure FDA00035582493500000421
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