CN112050726A - Rail vehicle fastener loosening detection method based on RFID tag array - Google Patents
Rail vehicle fastener loosening detection method based on RFID tag array Download PDFInfo
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- CN112050726A CN112050726A CN202010778385.XA CN202010778385A CN112050726A CN 112050726 A CN112050726 A CN 112050726A CN 202010778385 A CN202010778385 A CN 202010778385A CN 112050726 A CN112050726 A CN 112050726A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/30—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K17/00—Methods or arrangements for effecting co-operative working between equipments covered by two or more of main groups G06K1/00 - G06K15/00, e.g. automatic card files incorporating conveying and reading operations
- G06K17/0022—Methods or arrangements for effecting co-operative working between equipments covered by two or more of main groups G06K1/00 - G06K15/00, e.g. automatic card files incorporating conveying and reading operations arrangements or provisious for transferring data to distant stations, e.g. from a sensing device
Abstract
The invention discloses a rail vehicle fastener loosening detection system, which comprises: the ultrahigh frequency passive RFID tag to be detected can mark the loosening angle of a fastener, a plurality of ultrahigh frequency passive RFID reference tags and a virtual reference tag array formed by the ultrahigh frequency passive RFID reference tags can assist a detection system to realize the positioning of the tag to be detected, a reader-writer can read the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) data of the tag to be detected and the reference tag array, a plurality of RF antennas can provide a space interface for the tag and the reader-writer, a cloud platform can calculate the position of the tag to be detected according to the Received RSSI data of the tag, the cloud platform can judge whether the fastener is loosened or not, and by comparing the displacement angle of the tag to be detected with a preset threshold value, the loosening angle information is recorded to a log or a warning for loosening the fastener is sent out.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rail vehicle fault detection, and particularly relates to a rail vehicle fastener loosening detection system and method based on an RFID tag array and a cloud platform.
Background
The loosening and missing of the fastening piece of the key part of the rail vehicle affect the normal running of the vehicle and relate to the life safety of passengers. At present, the main fastener loosening detection method is based on a computer vision technology, and whether the fastener loosens or not is judged by detecting and identifying the fastener and a high-definition image of a loosening-preventing identification line of a connected piece. The problems that the running environment of the rail vehicle is severe, the parts are subjected to local oil leakage and the like easily cause fouling of the anti-loosening marking line, and the detection system based on computer vision is caused to be invalid.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rail vehicle fastener loosening detection system and a rail vehicle fastener loosening detection method.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a rail vehicle fastener loosening detection system, comprising:
the ultrahigh frequency passive RFID tag to be detected can mark the angle or position of the fastener moving relative to the connected piece and send a radio frequency signal to the RF antenna;
the system comprises a plurality of ultrahigh frequency passive RFID reference tags and a virtual reference tag matrix formed by the ultrahigh frequency passive RFID reference tags, wherein the ultrahigh frequency passive RFID reference tags can send radio frequency signals to an RF antenna to assist a detection system in positioning a tag to be detected;
the reader-writer can read RSSI data of the tag to be detected and the reference tag;
a plurality of RF antennas capable of providing a spatial interface for the tag and the reader;
the cloud platform can judge whether the fastener is loosened or not, and decides to record the loosening angle information into a log or send a fastener loosening alarm by comparing the loosening angle of the fastener with a preset threshold value.
Preferably, the to-be-tested label and the reference label select a passive ultrahigh frequency RFID label with the working frequency band of 860-960 MHz.
Preferably, the label to be tested is adhered to the outer edge of the fastener so as to measure the loosening angle of the fastener.
Preferably, the reference tags are three reference tags arranged in a triangular shape and a virtual reference tag array constructed according to the distance loss model, and the fastener to be tested is placed in the center of the virtual reference tag array.
Preferably, the RF antenna is an antenna array formed by two antennas, is connected to the same reader/writer, respectively operates in different frequency bands in a polling scheduling algorithm manner, and is disposed in a range of 5 meters beside the track.
A rail vehicle fastener loosening detection method based on an RFID tag array comprises the following steps:
step one, when a train passes through a detection system, an RF antenna array activates a reference label and a label to be detected;
step two, the reference label and the label to be detected feed back electromagnetic signals to the RF antenna array,
step three, the RF antenna array sends the received label radio frequency signal to the reader-writer;
step four, the reader sends the processed RSSI data of the reference label and the label to be detected to the cloud platform,
step five, the cloud platform constructs a two-dimensional virtual reference tag array according to the distance loss model and the fastener assembly environment through the received reference tag RSSI data, and calculates the position coordinate of the tag to be detected by combining the acquired RSSI data of the tag to be detected
Wherein E isjJ is more than 0 and less than or equal to k) represents the Euclidean distance between the label to be detected and k reference labels, sj，iRepresents an RF antenna i (1 ≦ i ≦ 2, i ∈ N*) Received RSSI data, θ, for virtual reference tag jiThe RSSI data of the tag to be detected received by the RF antenna i is represented, and n represents the number of the antennas;
according to the centroid algorithm, the coordinates of the label to be detected are obtained
Wherein (x)T′，yT′) Is the position coordinate of the moved label to be measured, k' is the number of the virtual reference labels after cutting, (x)J，yJ) Is to select the two-dimensional coordinate, eta, of a virtual reference label jJIs the weight of the selected virtual reference tag j
And sixthly, the cloud platform uses the center of the fastener as an original point, and cosine similarity calculation is carried out on the position coordinate of the fastener to be detected after the label is moved and the vector formed by the original coordinate, so that the loosening angle of the fastener is obtained
Wherein (x)T，yT) Is the original position coordinates of the tag to be tested.
And step seven, comparing the calculated loosening angle of the fastening piece with a preset loosening safety threshold value of the fastening piece, recording information to a log when the calculated loosening angle of the fastening piece is smaller than the preset loosening safety threshold value, and otherwise, giving an alarm.
Preferably, in the fifth step, according to the centroid algorithm, the operation of obtaining the coordinates of the tag to be detected is performed in the tag array obtained by cutting the virtual reference tag array based on the PAM concept.
The beneficial results of the invention are: the invention connects the RFID positioning technology with the cloud computing technology, is applied to the loosening detection of the fastener of the rail vehicle, fully utilizes the advantages of high precision, strong anti-interference capability, capability of identifying high-speed moving objects and the like of the RFID technology, and overcomes the defect that the detection precision is reduced because the current mainstream fastener loosening detection method based on computer vision is influenced by bad influences of weather, environment, stains and the like. Furthermore, the detection accuracy based on the computer vision method is inversely related to the speed of the train passing through the detection device, whereas the detection method using the RFID technology does not exist. In conclusion, the rail vehicle fastener loosening detection method based on the RFID technology has positive effects of improving detection precision and reducing construction difficulty.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a railway vehicle fastener loosening detection system based on an RFID tag array according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the RFID tag array-based rail vehicle fastener release detection system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description text.
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention provides a rail vehicle fastener loosening detection system based on an RFID tag array, which comprises an ultrahigh frequency passive RFID tag to be detected and a reference tag, wherein the passive ultrahigh frequency RFID tag with a working frequency range of 860-960 MHz is adopted.
The ultrahigh frequency passive RFID tag to be tested and the reference tag can be activated after receiving the radio frequency signal sent by the RF antenna, and the radio frequency signal is fed back to the RF antenna.
The ultrahigh frequency passive RFID label to be detected is adhered to the outer edge of the fastener so as to mark the loosening angle of the fastener.
The ultrahigh frequency passive RFID reference tags are three reference tags which are arranged in a triangular mode, and the fastener to be tested is placed in the center of the virtual reference tag array.
The reader-writer reads RSSI data of the tag to be detected and the reference tag and transmits the data to the cloud platform.
The corresponding platform of the reader-writer is a cloud platform, the IaaS cloud service is used for realizing the application of an IaaS layer, and the reader-writer is connected with the cloud platform in a User Datagram Protocol (UDP), a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and other modes.
Multiple RF antennas provide a spatial interface for the tag and reader.
The RF antenna is an antenna array formed by two antennas, is connected with the same reader-writer, respectively works in different frequency bands in a polling scheduling algorithm mode, and is arranged in a range of 5 meters beside a track.
The cloud platform constructs a virtual reference tag array according to the received reference tag RSSI data and a distance loss model, and obtains the position of the tag to be detected by calculating the Euclidean distance between the tag to be detected and the RSSI value of the virtual reference tag; the cloud platform can judge whether the fastener is loosened or not, and determines to record the loosening angle information to a log or send a fastener loosening alarm by comparing the loosening angle of the fastener with a preset threshold value.
As shown in fig. 2, the number and density of virtual reference tags are determined according to the distance loss model and the actual assembly environment of the fastener by the RSSI value of the physical RFID reference tag read by the reader/writer; the virtual reference tag array is cut by introducing the PMA idea so as to reduce the calculation amount and improve the system efficiency.
The rail vehicle fastener loosening detection method based on the RFID tag array comprises the following steps:
step one, when a train passes through an RF antenna array arranged beside a track, the RF antenna array sends radio frequency signals to an ultrahigh frequency RFID reference label which is adhered to a fastener and arranged at the periphery of the fastener so as to activate the reference label and a label to be detected;
feeding back electromagnetic signals to the RF antenna array by the reference tag and the tag to be detected;
step three, the RF antenna array sends the received label radio frequency signal to the reader-writer;
step four, the reader sends the processed RSSI data of the reference label and the label to be detected to the cloud platform;
and step five, the cloud platform constructs a two-dimensional virtual reference tag array according to the distance loss model and the fastener assembly environment through the received reference tag RSSI data, and calculates the position coordinates of the tag to be detected by combining the acquired RSSI data of the tag to be detected.
The method for realizing the mobile position identification of the tag to be detected by adopting the improved LANDMAC algorithm has higher time complexity, and particularly has obvious defect when more virtual reference tags are constructed in certain scenes. Therefore, the PMA algorithm is introduced, and the algorithm efficiency is improved in a mode of cutting redundant reference labels.
Assuming that the reference tag RSSI data set is S, and k data samples are counted, the reference tag RSSI data set optimization method based on the PMA algorithm is as follows:
selection of a scattered initial center point
As shown in FIG. 2, the present invention divides the reference tag array into four quadrants (Q) in a two-dimensional plane1，Q2，Q3，Q4) Thus the data set is divided into 12 clusters in total.
Randomly selecting a center point O for each clusterj。
And calculating cosine similarity between the residual non-center point RSSI data values in the reference label RSSI data set S and the 12 center points, and distributing the cosine similarity to the cluster with the maximum similarity.
Respectively taking each RSSI data point in the cluster as a center, calculating Euclidean distances between the RSSI data point and other points in the same cluster, and determining the data point with the minimum distance as a new center point Oj。
Waste rock replacement center point search strategy
Selecting a new center point O among the remaining RSSI data pointsjThis is m of 12 iterations. Distance OjAll non-center point RSSI data points contained in the most recent m (0. ltoreq. m.ltoreq.12) clusters constitute a new representative object.
Selecting a new non-center point G in the candidate center point set, and calculating G and OjThe squared error of (a) is recorded in set E, and iterated until all non-central RSSI data points have been selected.
If G is used instead of OjIf the total cost is less than 0, the original center point is replaced by the non-center point corresponding to the minimum value in the set E, and a new set of 12 RSSI data center points is formed. The remaining data points are assigned to the cluster represented by the center point with the largest cosine similarity and the iteration starts from step 1.
And if the total cost is greater than 0 or equal to 0, stopping iteration, and finally obtaining 12 cluster center points.
RSSI data point cutting for electronic reference tag
Calculating the similarity between the RSSI value of the label to be detected and the 12 clustering central points, if so
Sim(θi，Oj)＜Tj
Wherein, TjIf the similarity is the minimum similarity between the RSSI data point of the electronic reference label of the jth cluster and the central point, the similarity between the RSSI value of the label to be detected and the reference label in the cluster is very low, so that the reference label in the cluster can be cut off, otherwise, the RSSI value of the reference label contained in the cluster is added into a new reference label cluster.
Realizing the mobile position identification of the tag to be detected according to the cut virtual reference tag RSSI data and the acquired tag to be detected RSSI data
Wherein E isj(j is more than 0 and less than or equal to k) represents the Euclidean distance between the label to be detected and k reference labels, sj，iRepresents an RF antenna i (1 ≦ i ≦ 2, i ∈ N*) Received RSSI data, θ, for virtual reference tag jiThe RSSI data of the tag to be detected received by the RF antenna i is represented, and n represents the number of the antennas;
according to the centroid algorithm, the coordinates of the label to be detected are obtained
Wherein (x)T′，yT′) Is the position coordinate of the moved label to be measured, k' is the number of the virtual reference labels after cutting, (x)J，yJ) Is to select the two-dimensional coordinate, eta, of a virtual reference label jJIs the weight of the selected virtual reference tag j
And sixthly, the cloud platform uses the center of the fastener as an original point, and cosine similarity calculation is carried out on the position coordinate of the fastener to be detected after the label is moved and the vector formed by the original coordinate, so that the loosening angle of the fastener is obtained
Wherein (x)T，yT) Is the original position coordinates of the tag to be tested.
And step seven, comparing the calculated loosening angle of the fastening piece with a preset loosening safety threshold value of the fastening piece, recording information to a log when the calculated loosening angle of the fastening piece is smaller than the preset loosening safety threshold value, and otherwise, giving an alarm.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in various fields of endeavor to which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. A rail vehicle fastener loosening detection system based on an RFID tag array, comprising:
the ultrahigh frequency passive RFID tag to be detected is used for marking the angle or position of the fastener moving relative to the connected piece and sending a radio frequency signal to the RF antenna;
the system comprises a plurality of ultrahigh frequency passive RFID reference tags and a virtual reference tag matrix formed by the ultrahigh frequency passive RFID reference tags, wherein the ultrahigh frequency passive RFID reference tags are used for sending radio frequency signals to an RF antenna to assist a detection system in positioning a tag to be detected;
the reader-writer is used for reading RSSI data of the to-be-detected label and the reference label;
a plurality of RF antennas for providing a spatial interface for the tag and the reader;
and the cloud platform is used for constructing a virtual reference tag array according to the received tag RSSI data, calculating the position of the tag to be detected, judging whether the fastener is loosened, and determining to record the loosening angle information into a log or send a fastener loosening alarm by comparing the loosening angle of the fastener with a preset threshold value.
2. The RFID tag array based rail vehicle fastener loosening detection system of claim 1, wherein: the to-be-tested label and the reference label select a passive ultrahigh frequency RFID label with the working frequency range of 860-960 MHz.
3. The RFID tag array based rail vehicle fastener loosening detection system of claim 1, wherein: the label to be tested is adhered to the outer edge of the fastener so as to measure the loosening angle of the fastener.
4. The RFID tag array based rail vehicle fastener loosening detection system of claim 1, wherein: the reference tags are three reference tags which are arranged in a triangular mode and a virtual reference tag array which is constructed according to the distance loss model, and the fastener to be tested is placed in the center of the virtual reference tag array.
5. The RFID tag array based rail vehicle fastener loosening detection system of claim 1, wherein: the RF antenna is an antenna array formed by two antennas, is connected with the same reader-writer, respectively works in different frequency bands in a polling scheduling algorithm mode, and is arranged in a range of 5 meters beside a track.
6. A rail vehicle fastener release detection method based on an RFID tag array, characterized by using the rail vehicle fastener release detection system based on an RFID tag array according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and comprising the following steps:
step one, when a train passes through a detection system, an RF antenna array activates a reference label and a label to be detected;
feeding back electromagnetic signals to the RF antenna array by the reference tag and the tag to be detected;
step three, the RF antenna array sends the received label radio frequency signal to the reader-writer;
step four, the reader sends the processed RSSI data of the reference label and the label to be detected to the cloud platform;
step five, the cloud platform constructs a two-dimensional virtual reference tag array according to the distance loss model and the fastener assembly environment through the received reference tag RSSI data, and calculates the position coordinate of the tag to be detected by combining the acquired RSSI data of the tag to be detected
Wherein E isj(j is more than 0 and less than or equal to k) represents the Euclidean distance between the label to be detected and k reference labels, sj，iRepresents an RF antenna i (1 ≦ i ≦ 2, i ∈ N*) Received RSSI data, θ, for virtual reference tag jiThe RSSI data of the tag to be detected received by the RF antenna i is represented, and n represents the number of the antennas;
according to the centroid algorithm, the coordinates of the label to be detected are obtained
Wherein (x)T′，yT′) Is the position coordinate of the moved label to be measured, k' is the number of the virtual reference labels after cutting, (x)J，yJ) Is to select the two-dimensional coordinate, eta, of a virtual reference label jJIs the weight of the selected virtual reference tag j
And sixthly, the cloud platform uses the center of the fastener as an original point, and cosine similarity calculation is carried out on the position coordinate of the fastener to be detected after the label is moved and the vector formed by the original coordinate, so that the loosening angle of the fastener is obtained
Wherein (x)T，yT) Is the original position coordinate of the label to be detected;
and step seven, comparing the calculated loosening angle of the fastening piece with a preset loosening safety threshold value of the fastening piece, recording information to a log when the calculated loosening angle of the fastening piece is smaller than the preset loosening safety threshold value, and otherwise, giving an alarm.
7. The rail vehicle fastener loosening detection method based on the RFID tag array as claimed in claim 6, wherein: and step five, according to a centroid algorithm, the operation of obtaining the coordinates of the to-be-detected label is carried out in the label array obtained after the virtual reference label array is cut based on the idea of dividing around the central point.
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