CN101324668A - Wireless radio frequency positioning method - Google Patents

Wireless radio frequency positioning method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101324668A
CN101324668A CNA2008100296132A CN200810029613A CN101324668A CN 101324668 A CN101324668 A CN 101324668A CN A2008100296132 A CNA2008100296132 A CN A2008100296132A CN 200810029613 A CN200810029613 A CN 200810029613A CN 101324668 A CN101324668 A CN 101324668A
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measured
frequency
reference label
monitored
radio frequency
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黄以华
刘宗元
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Abstract

A radio frequency positioning method comprises the steps as follows: readers are arranged at the border of a region to be monitored; reference tags are fixed in the indoor region to be monitored in the form of rectangular grids; when an object which is provided with radio frequency tags and ready to be monitored is arranged in the region to be monitored, all the readers detect the electromagnetic waves of all the radio frequency tags through their own antennas, and the radio frequency signal intensity values of the reference tags which are obtained by the measurement and the tags of the object to be monitored are sent to an upper computer; the upper computer compares the absolute difference value of the radio frequency signal intensity of all the reference tags and the tags of the object to be monitored to determine a plurality of nearest reference tags which are in the vicinity of the object to be monitored; and the position of the object to the monitored is calculated according to the position information and the weighting factors of a plurality of nearest reference tags which are in the vicinity of the object to be monitored. A positioning system can have good flexibility and dynamic property, as well as good accuracy and real-time property on the position sensing aspect with the help of the radio frequency positioning method.

Description

A kind of wireless radio frequency positioning method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of wireless pinpoint method, particularly a kind of in the indoor accurate position field, based on the wireless radio frequency positioning method of RFID tag signal strength values.
Background technology
Wireless location technology is by special algorithm electromagnetic some parameter that receives to be handled, and infers the position of object to be measured with this.Measurement parameter comprise test signal transmission time, amplitude, phase place, reach angle and signal intensity etc.At present, along with wireless technology, mobile computing device and and the continuous development of internet, the indoor positioning service system more and more attracts much attention.Indoor wireless location technology commonly used has:
(1) indoor GPS location technology: GPS is the location technology that is most widely used at present.But when GPS receiver during in office work, because signal is subjected to the influence of buildings and big high attenuation, its bearing accuracy is very low, and locating speed is also relatively slow, and the cost of steady arm terminal is higher.
(2) cellular localization technology: cellular networks such as GSM, CDMA are all supported location technology, but factors such as non-line-of-sight propagation, multipath effect and multiple access interference have reduced its bearing accuracy, and relate to user's privacy concern, make its popularization be subjected to certain limitation.
(3) infrared technique: the active label based on the infrared technique of loosing can be used for indoor positioning, but it requires the object to be measured must be in alignment with the infrared ray reader, and orientation distance is too near, thereby the having little significance of practical application.
(4) based on the location technology of WLAN (wireless local area network): in certain zone, an amount of wireless base station is installed, the relevant information of the object to be measured that obtains according to these base stations, and in conjunction with the topological structure of base station, analysis-by-synthesis, thereby the particular location of definite object.The system that uses this type of technology sets up easily, but measuring accuracy is barely satisfactory, remains further to be improved.
(5) ultrasonic technology: successfully use this technology can obtain high orientation precision really at present, but need a large amount of infrastructure supports, the cost costliness can't large tracts of land be promoted.
Compare with above-mentioned positioning system, RFID tag RFID technology has non line of sight and non-contacting advantage.It can be with outstanding speed operation, and bigger transmission range and high performance-price ratio also are the advantage places of RFID.
Radio-frequency (RF) identification claims electronic tag again, is a kind of contactless automatic identification technology, and it is by the automatic recognition objective object of radiofrequency signal and obtain related data, and identification work need not manual intervention, can work in various rugged surroundings.RFID application the earliest can be traced back to " enemy and we's identification " system that is used to distinguish allied forces and Nazi's aircraft in the World War II.Along with development of technology, the RFID application enlarges day by day, has now related to the various aspects of people's daily life, and will become the basic technology that following information society is built.The RFID technology has been widely used in medical monitoring, numerous areas such as prison convict management, main equipment fixed capital management, highway tolling system, aviation logistics identification.
Along with the continuous development of chip technology and production technology, increase, the reduction in processing time of the reduction of label cost, the raising of reading/writing distance, memory capacity will become possibility, and the kind of RFID product will be more and more abundanter, use also more and more widely.
Basic rfid system is made up of three parts:
1.RFID label.The RFID label is made up of coupling element and chip, and each label has unique electronic code.Label contains built-in aerial, be used for and radio-frequency antenna between communicate.The RFID label is according to the mode difference that sends radiofrequency signal, is divided into active and two kinds of passive types.Active tag initiatively sends radiofrequency signal to read write line, by the internal battery power supply, is called active label again usually; Passive label is charged pool not, is called passive label again, the electromagnetic wave that its emission electric wave and internal processor operation institute energy requirement all produce from reader.Passive label is converted into the part electromagnetic energy energy of working for own after receiving the electromagnetic wave signal that reader sends.Wherein active tag has farther communication distance usually, and its price is higher relatively, is mainly used in applications such as the remote detection of valuables.Passive label has low-cost advantage, but its operating distance, memory capacity etc. are subjected to the restriction of energy source.
The RFID label according to the different mining of factors such as application scenario, shape, frequency of operation and operating distance with dissimilar antennas.A RFID label comprises one or more antennas usually.Employed frequency is called the RFID frequency of operation when RFID label and reader work.The frequency of RFID use is at present crossed over a plurality of frequency ranges such as low frequency, high frequency, ultrahigh frequency, microwave.The selection of RFID frequency influences the distance, speed of signal transmission etc., also is subjected to the national laws regulation limitations simultaneously.
2.RFID reader.The main task of RFID reader is that the control radio-frequency module reads signal to the label emission, and receives replying of label, and the object id information of label is decoded, and other related information transmission on the related label of object id information is arrived main frame for processing.Different according to using, reader can be a hand-held or fixed.Current reader cost is higher, and mostly can only be in the work of single-frequency point.The price of following reader will significantly reduce, and support a plurality of Frequency points, can discern the label information of different frequency automatically.
3. antenna.Antenna is used for transmitting radiofrequency signal between label and reader.The groundwork flow process of system is: reader produces induction current by the radiofrequency signal of emitting antenna transmission certain frequency when radio-frequency (RF) tag enters the emitting antenna perform region, radio-frequency (RF) tag obtains energy and is activated; Radio-frequency (RF) tag sends information such as self coding by blocking built-in transmitting antenna; System's receiving antenna receives the carrier signal of sending from radio-frequency (RF) tag, is sent to reader through the antenna adjustments device, and reader carries out the demodulation sign indicating number to the signal that receives and delivers to the backstage main system then and carry out relevant treatment; Main system is judged the legitimacy of this card according to logical operation, makes corresponding processing and control at different settings, sends the action of command signal control executing mechanism.
In the application of RFID, consideration for the power consumption aspect, electronic tag can not become the masters of location, so adopt based on network method, promptly need be at the receiving trap of fixed position deploy radiofrequency signal, and gather the information of sending attached to the electronic tag on the object to be measured by these devices, by Wireless/wired network information is mail to control center then and further process.
Therefore, in wireless positioning field, improve the precision and the reliability of RFID location technology, the cost that reduces positioning system is that problem to be solved is arranged in the prior art.
Summary of the invention
The problem that the present invention need solve provides a kind of technology of novel wireless radio frequency positioning method.Based on this technology, the precision and the unfailing performance of locating information improve effectively, and the cost of system also can further reduce.
Designed a kind of wireless radio frequency positioning method based on the RFID tag signal strength values according to the above-mentioned problem that needs to solve, implementation step is:
(1) reader is positioned over zone boundary to be monitored;
(2) reference label is fixed in indoor zone to be monitored with the rectangular node form;
(3) place when zone to be monitored when the object to be measured that has radio-frequency (RF) tag, the electromagnetic wave of antenna detection each radio-frequency (RF) tag of each reader by separately reaches host computer with the reference label that measures and the radio-frequency (RF) signal strength value RSSI of object tag to be measured;
(4) absolute difference of the radio-frequency (RF) signal strength of host computer each reference label of comparison and object tag to be measured is with near several the nearest reference label definite object to be measured;
(5), obtain the position of object to be measured according to the positional information and the weight factor thereof of near several the nearest reference label the object to be measured.
The present invention mainly has three advantages:
(1) positioning system does not need the reader of too many quantity, the substitute is cheap radio-frequency (RF) tag, effectively reduces system cost;
(2) dynamic that can more easily conform.Because reference label and object tag to be measured are in the same environment, so many environmental factors of the variation of identification range that cause can be cancelled, therefore, in the identification range based on reference label, we are the reference information of real-time update about searching dynamically;
(3) positional information of object to be measured is more accurately with reliable.This system has good dirigibility and dynamic, and has good accuracy and real-time aspect location sensitive.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is a positioning system hardware arrangement synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 2 is embodiment of the invention schematic flow sheets.
Embodiment
Purport of the present invention is technical scheme of design so that when utilizing wireless radio-frequency to carry out indoor accurate position, can effectively improve the precision and the reliability of measurement.Be elaborated with reference to accompanying drawing below in conjunction with embodiment, so that the technical characterictic and the advantage of the inventive method are carried out more deep annotation.
The concrete implementation step of wireless radio frequency positioning method of the present invention is: one is positioned over zone boundary to be monitored with reader; Its two, reference label is fixed in indoor zone to be monitored with the rectangular node form, each reader and reference label position and distance each other separately is known; They are three years old, when the object to be measured that has radio-frequency (RF) tag places zone to be monitored, each reader receives the electromagnetic wave that each radio-frequency (RF) tag is initiatively sent by antenna separately, and the reference label that measures and the radio-frequency (RF) signal strength value of object tag to be measured are reached host computer by transmission control protocol and Internet protocol; Its four, host computer relatively the absolute difference of each reference label and the radio-frequency (RF) signal strength of object tag to be measured with near several the nearest reference label definite object to be measured; Its five, according near the positional information and the weight factor thereof of several the nearest reference label the object to be measured, obtain the position of object to be measured.
Less radio-frequency positioning system hardware arrangement as shown in Figure 1.With reference label cloth is rectangular node, and is fixed in indoor zone to be monitored; One radio-frequency (RF) tag is tied up in object to be measured place; Four readers are positioned over zone boundary to be monitored, guarantee that the identification range of reader can cover the monitored area; There are 16 reference label and 1 object tag to be measured in this system, and each reader and reference label position and distance each other separately need be as known conditions.
With reference to the system layout of Fig. 1, when locating object 1 to be measured if desired, concrete interaction flow as shown in Figure 2:
(step 201) is positioned over zone boundary to be monitored with 4 readers;
(step 202) is fixed in indoor to be monitored zone as the reference label with the rectangular node form with 16 radio-frequency (RF) tag, and each reader and reference label position and distance each other separately is known;
(step 203) is when the object to be measured 1 that has radio-frequency (RF) tag places when zone to be monitored, each reader receives the electromagnetic wave that each radio-frequency (RF) tag is initiatively sent by antenna separately, and the reference label that measures and the radio-frequency (RF) signal strength value of object to be measured 1 label are reached computer processor by transmission control protocol and Internet protocol;
The signal strength vector of (step 204) definition object 1 label to be measured is S → = ( S 1 , S 2 , S 3 , S 4 ) , S wherein iRepresent the label signal intensity level of object 1 label to be measured on reader i, i ∈ (1,4).For reference label, define corresponding signal strength vector θ → = ( θ 1 , θ 2 , θ 3 , θ 4 ) , θ wherein iThe label signal intensity level of expression reference label on reader i, i ∈ (1,4);
For object 1 label to be measured, definition:
E j = Σ i = 1 4 ( θ i - S i ) 2 , j ∈ ( 1,16 )
The E value can be used to characterize signal distance relation between reference label and the object tag to be measured, and more little expression reference label of E and object tag to be measured are separated by near more;
16 reference label are arranged, and therefore object 1 label to be measured has the E vector:
E → = ( E 1 , E 2 , . . . , E 16 )
Because these E values only are used for reacting the relation between the label, therefore, we can therefrom select 4 reference label that have less E value, and the coordinate that is about to the nearer reference label of distance object 1 label to be measured is as the position reference coordinate;
The position of (step 205) object 1 label to be measured is to calculate according to following formula:
( x , y ) = Σ i = 1 4 W i ( x i , y i )
Wherein, (x y) is the coordinate of object 1 label to be measured, (x i, y i) be i the actual coordinate of reference label recently; W iBe i the weight factor of reference label recently, it calculates according to following formula:
W i = 1 E i 2 Σ i = 1 4 1 E i 2 .
In a word, the various changes that can carry out wireless radio frequency positioning method of the present invention of those skilled in the art and distortion and do not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention.Like this, if of the present invention these are revised and modification belongs within the scope of claim of the present invention and equivalent technologies thereof, then the present invention also is intended to comprise these changes and modification interior.

Claims (8)

1, a kind of wireless radio frequency positioning method, implementation step is:
(1) reader is positioned over zone boundary to be monitored;
(2) reference label is fixed in indoor zone to be monitored with the rectangular node form;
(3) place when zone to be monitored when the object to be measured that has radio-frequency (RF) tag, the electromagnetic wave of antenna detection each radio-frequency (RF) tag of each reader by separately reaches host computer with the reference label that measures and the radio-frequency (RF) signal strength value of object tag to be measured;
(4) absolute difference of the radio-frequency (RF) signal strength of host computer each reference label of comparison and object tag to be measured is with near several the nearest reference label definite object to be measured;
(5), obtain the position of object to be measured according to the positional information and the weight factor thereof of near several the nearest reference label the object to be measured.
2, wireless radio frequency positioning method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the absolute difference of described radio-frequency (RF) signal strength calculates according to following formula:
E j = Σ i = 1 n ( θ i - S i ) 2
Wherein, n is the reader number, S iBe the radio-frequency (RF) signal strength value of object tag to be measured on reader i, θ iBe the radio-frequency (RF) signal strength value of reference label j on reader i.The E value can be used to characterize signal distance relation between reference label and the object tag to be measured, and more little expression reference label of E and object tag to be measured are separated by near more.
3, wireless radio frequency positioning method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described weight factor is calculated according to following formula:
W i = 1 E i 2 Σ i = 1 k 1 E i 2
Wherein, k is the nearest reference label number of choosing, W iBe i the weight factor of reference label recently.
4, wireless radio frequency positioning method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: described positional information comprises known each reader and reference label physical location separately and actual range each other.
5, wireless radio frequency positioning method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: the position of described object to be measured is to calculate according to following formula:
( x , y ) = Σ i = 1 k W i ( x i , y i )
Wherein, (x y) is the coordinate of object to be measured, (x i, y i) be i the actual coordinate of reference label recently.
6, according to any described wireless radio frequency positioning method of claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that: described reader reaches host computer to the radio-frequency (RF) signal strength value by transmission control protocol and Internet protocol.
7, wireless radio frequency positioning method according to claim 6 is characterized in that: described radio-frequency (RF) tag can be on one's own initiative to the reader launching electromagnetic wave.
8, wireless radio frequency positioning method according to claim 7 is characterized in that: described host computer is a computer processor.
CNA2008100296132A 2008-07-16 2008-07-16 Wireless radio frequency positioning method Pending CN101324668A (en)

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Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101762814A (en) * 2010-02-02 2010-06-30 杭州中芯微电子有限公司 Radio-frequency tracking, positioning and monitoring system
CN102088767A (en) * 2009-12-08 2011-06-08 苏州彭华信息技术有限公司 Automatic start-up system capable of wirelessly positioning
CN102170697A (en) * 2011-04-06 2011-08-31 北京邮电大学 Indoor positioning method and device
CN102209386A (en) * 2011-05-26 2011-10-05 北京邮电大学 Indoor wireless positioning method and device
CN102264128A (en) * 2011-06-27 2011-11-30 无锡泛联物联网科技股份有限公司 Personnel real time positioning device based on wireless sensor network
CN102750498A (en) * 2011-04-22 2012-10-24 国民技术股份有限公司 Reader, transponder, location system and location method
CN101820579B (en) * 2009-02-27 2013-08-21 杭州辰林信息技术有限公司 Node positioning method and system
CN103426269A (en) * 2013-08-21 2013-12-04 电子科技大学 Indoor intelligent anti-theft method
CN105445700A (en) * 2015-11-24 2016-03-30 福建工程学院 RFID positioning method using time sequence signal
CN106249198A (en) * 2016-07-15 2016-12-21 西安电子科技大学 The Position Method for Indoor Robot of ultrasound wave is combined based on multiple spot RFID
WO2017012409A1 (en) * 2015-07-23 2017-01-26 中兴通讯股份有限公司 Method and apparatus for locating rfid label
CN107145811A (en) * 2017-05-26 2017-09-08 上海赋拓物联网技术有限公司 RFID boundary determining methods and system based on benchmark label
CN109541539A (en) * 2018-12-14 2019-03-29 天津博迈科海洋工程有限公司 A kind of pipeline section intelligent-tracking localization method based on RFID
CN110806235A (en) * 2019-11-15 2020-02-18 南京麦慎数字科技有限公司 Indoor environment monitoring method, device, equipment and storage medium
CN112050726A (en) * 2020-08-05 2020-12-08 中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司 Rail vehicle fastener loosening detection method based on RFID tag array

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101820579B (en) * 2009-02-27 2013-08-21 杭州辰林信息技术有限公司 Node positioning method and system
CN102088767A (en) * 2009-12-08 2011-06-08 苏州彭华信息技术有限公司 Automatic start-up system capable of wirelessly positioning
CN101762814A (en) * 2010-02-02 2010-06-30 杭州中芯微电子有限公司 Radio-frequency tracking, positioning and monitoring system
CN102170697A (en) * 2011-04-06 2011-08-31 北京邮电大学 Indoor positioning method and device
CN102750498A (en) * 2011-04-22 2012-10-24 国民技术股份有限公司 Reader, transponder, location system and location method
CN102209386A (en) * 2011-05-26 2011-10-05 北京邮电大学 Indoor wireless positioning method and device
CN102209386B (en) * 2011-05-26 2016-03-09 北京智慧图科技发展有限责任公司 A kind of indoor wireless positioning method and device
CN102264128A (en) * 2011-06-27 2011-11-30 无锡泛联物联网科技股份有限公司 Personnel real time positioning device based on wireless sensor network
CN103426269A (en) * 2013-08-21 2013-12-04 电子科技大学 Indoor intelligent anti-theft method
CN106371059A (en) * 2015-07-23 2017-02-01 中兴通讯股份有限公司 RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) label positioning method and RFID label positioning device
WO2017012409A1 (en) * 2015-07-23 2017-01-26 中兴通讯股份有限公司 Method and apparatus for locating rfid label
CN105445700A (en) * 2015-11-24 2016-03-30 福建工程学院 RFID positioning method using time sequence signal
CN106249198A (en) * 2016-07-15 2016-12-21 西安电子科技大学 The Position Method for Indoor Robot of ultrasound wave is combined based on multiple spot RFID
CN106249198B (en) * 2016-07-15 2018-11-20 西安电子科技大学 Position Method for Indoor Robot based on multiple spot RFID combination ultrasonic wave
CN107145811A (en) * 2017-05-26 2017-09-08 上海赋拓物联网技术有限公司 RFID boundary determining methods and system based on benchmark label
CN107145811B (en) * 2017-05-26 2023-11-03 上海赋拓物联网技术有限公司 RFID boundary determining method and system based on reference label
CN109541539A (en) * 2018-12-14 2019-03-29 天津博迈科海洋工程有限公司 A kind of pipeline section intelligent-tracking localization method based on RFID
CN110806235A (en) * 2019-11-15 2020-02-18 南京麦慎数字科技有限公司 Indoor environment monitoring method, device, equipment and storage medium
CN110806235B (en) * 2019-11-15 2021-11-16 南京麦慎数字科技有限公司 Indoor environment monitoring method, device, equipment and storage medium
CN110806235B8 (en) * 2019-11-15 2021-12-17 北京科技大学 Indoor environment monitoring method, device, equipment and storage medium
CN112050726A (en) * 2020-08-05 2020-12-08 中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司 Rail vehicle fastener loosening detection method based on RFID tag array

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