CN112050627A - Temperature control method for reduction rotary kiln - Google Patents
Temperature control method for reduction rotary kiln Download PDFInfo
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- CN112050627A CN112050627A CN201910487041.0A CN201910487041A CN112050627A CN 112050627 A CN112050627 A CN 112050627A CN 201910487041 A CN201910487041 A CN 201910487041A CN 112050627 A CN112050627 A CN 112050627A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
- F27B7/20—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces
- F27B7/42—Arrangement of controlling, monitoring, alarm or like devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D23/00—Control of temperature
- G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
- F27D2019/0003—Monitoring the temperature or a characteristic of the charge and using it as a controlling value
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- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a temperature control method of a reduction rotary kiln, which is characterized in that an ultrasonic temperature and distance measuring analyzer is additionally arranged on a kiln head cover of the rotary kiln, the temperature along the length direction of the kiln is monitored on line in real time, meanwhile, a series of secondary air nozzles are arranged on a kiln body along the length direction of the kiln, the air quantity of the secondary air nozzles at corresponding points is changed according to the difference between the temperature of measured points and the target temperature, the uniformity of a temperature field in the kiln along the length direction of the kiln is ensured, the local temperature is prevented from being too high or too low, the occurrence of ring formation in the rotary kiln is avoided, a longer high-temperature zone is provided for reduced materials, and the product quality index is obviously improved; in addition, volatile components, CO and the like volatilized from the material layer are fully combusted with secondary air, so that the temperature is provided for reducing materials in the rotary kiln, the content of the volatile components and the CO entering the reburning chamber is greatly reduced, the fuel utilization efficiency is high, and the high-temperature ring formation and water explosion of the reburning chamber are avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a temperature control method of a rotary kiln, in particular to a temperature control method of a rotary kiln for oxide reduction, and belongs to the technical field of rotary kilns.
Background
Environmental protection sector already has been on SO2And NOx emission charging, along with the pressure of carbon emission reduction intensification, the Chinese carbon emission right trading system is about to operate, and CO2Emissions will also gradually come into the payment range. The traditional long flow brings higher cost burden to the steel enterprises than the short flow; the development trend of iron and steel in the world gradually changes from a long flow of a blast furnace-converter to a short flow of a direct reduction (scrap steel) -electric furnace, the steel ratio of the electric furnace in the United states is improved from 66.8% to 70%, and a plurality of blast furnaces are shut down or temporarily idle; the direct reduction and electric furnace short flow is the direction of green low-carbon high-efficiency development of the steel industry, and the ton steel cost of the short flow of the Nikoco steel company in the United states is reduced by nearly 50-60 dollars compared with the cost of the concurrent steel company adopting a blast furnace-converter flow.
The direct reduction is to carry out solid reduction on the iron oxide under the conditions of no melting and no slagging to produce a metallic iron product, namely Direct Reduced Iron (DRI). The direct reduction method has the following advantages: the steel production process is shortened, the dependence on coking coal resources is eliminated, and the energy structure is improved; the energy consumption of each ton of steel is reduced, energy is saved, emission is reduced, and the sustainable development of the steel industry is promoted; optimizing the structure of steel products, and producing important raw materials of high-quality steel and pure steel; the high-quality pure steel casting and forging blank is produced, and the development of equipment manufacturing industry in China is effectively promoted; the problem of shortage of high-quality steel scrap resources is solved; realizes the comprehensive utilization of metallurgical resources, in particular to special metallurgical resources which are difficult to process.
The existing coal-based direct reduction process in the world is not few, but the coal-based direct reduction process which really forms the production scale is mainly a coal-based rotary kiln method, and the rotary kiln method is the most important, most valuable and widely applied process in the coal-based method. The method can produce sponge iron and granular iron by reducing the iron ore according to different operation temperatures, but the method has the most significance for producing the sponge iron by using a rotary kiln operated at low temperature. The rotary kiln has the advantages that the solid coal can be directly used as energy, the raw fuel has strong adaptability, wide distribution and higher reduction efficiency.
The traditional reduction kiln is limited by small productivity and easy ring formation, and has the following problems from the aspect of a thermal system:
1) because the feed amount of the kiln tail coal is small, and the spraying distance of the kiln head coal can not cover the middle-rear part area of the rotary kiln, the pellets at the middle-rear part can not be covered by the reduced coal, the fluctuation of the metallization rate of the pellets discharged from the kiln is large, the number of unqualified pellets is large, and the production is unstable.
2) When the kiln tail coal supply amount is increased in order to cover pellets at the middle rear part of the rotary kiln in operation, the temperature of a cold smoke chamber is rapidly increased to 1100-1200 ℃ due to the increase of the kiln tail coal volatile component overflow amount, dust in a reburning chamber is seriously softened and bonded to form a 'ring', and when the 'ring' locally falls off and falls into a water seal tank, a serious 'water explosion' phenomenon is caused, so that potential safety hazards are brought.
3) The temperature field along the kiln body has larger fluctuation, and the rotary kiln is easy to form rings.
In addition, the structural form of the secondary air nozzle also determines that secondary air and combustible components in the kiln are basically in a parallel flowing state, the mixing is not good, and the volatile components of coal at the tail of the kiln cannot be completely combusted at the middle rear part of the kiln, so that the volatile components enter the smoke cooling chamber and are combusted, which is another important reason for causing the temperature of the smoke cooling chamber to be too high.
The existing temperature measurement method of the rotary kiln comprises infrared temperature measurement, which can only monitor the temperature of some points, and is greatly interfered by the environment, and the temperature detection is inaccurate; the thermocouple is inserted into the kiln to directly measure the temperature, is very easy to wear and is difficult to replace, and the service life is short; the traditional non-contact temperature measurement (soft measurement) has low precision and cannot reflect the temperature change in the kiln in real time.
In production, the problems cause the easy ring formation phenomenon of the rotary kiln, the temperature is difficult to control, the combustion and reduction efficiency is low, and the product quality index does not reach the standard.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems that in the prior art, the temperature in the rotary kiln along the length direction of the kiln is not uniform, the ring is easy to form, and the reduction efficiency is low; the high-temperature section is short, volatile components and CO escape into the reburning chamber, the temperature is difficult to control, the yield is low, and the energy consumption is high; the temperature can not be accurately monitored on line in real time, so that the technical problems of incoordination between an air supply system, a fuel system and the temperature, easy ring formation and the like are caused; the invention provides a temperature control method of a reduction rotary kiln, which is characterized in that an ultrasonic temperature and distance measuring analyzer is additionally arranged on a kiln head cover of the rotary kiln, the temperature along the length direction of the kiln is monitored on line in real time, meanwhile, a series of secondary air nozzles are arranged on a kiln body along the length direction of the kiln, the air quantity of the secondary air nozzles at corresponding points is changed according to the difference between the temperature of measured points and the target temperature, the uniformity of a temperature field in the kiln along the length direction of the kiln is ensured, the local temperature is prevented from being too high or too low, the occurrence of ring formation in the rotary kiln is avoided, a longer high-temperature zone is provided for reduced materials, and the product quality index is obviously improved; in addition, volatile components, CO and the like volatilized from the material layer are fully combusted with secondary air, so that the temperature is provided for reducing materials in the rotary kiln, the content of the volatile components and the CO entering the reburning chamber is greatly reduced, the fuel utilization efficiency is high, and the high-temperature ring formation and water explosion of the reburning chamber are avoided. The rotary kiln and the temperature control method not only greatly improve the product quality of the direct reduction of the rotary kiln and effectively prevent the occurrence of ring formation of the rotary kiln and a reburning chamber, but also have the characteristics of high temperature detection precision, high combustion and reduction efficiency and controllable temperature and atmosphere.
According to an embodiment provided by the invention, a method for controlling the temperature of a reduction rotary kiln is provided.
A temperature control method of a reduction rotary kiln is characterized in that an ultrasonic temperature and distance measuring analyzer is arranged on the reduction rotary kiln, a kiln body of the reduction rotary kiln is divided into n sections, each section of the kiln body is provided with a secondary air nozzle, and each secondary air nozzle is connected with a fan. The method comprises the following steps:
1) loading a material to be reduced into a reduction rotary kiln, and adding a reducing fuel at the positions of a kiln head and a kiln tail of the reduction rotary kiln;
2) a burner is arranged at the kiln head of the reduction rotary kiln, and the material to be reduced is combusted and reduced by reducing fuel in the reduction rotary kiln to obtain the reduced material;
3) detecting the atmosphere temperature of each section of kiln body position of the reduction rotary kiln by an ultrasonic temperature and distance measuring analyzer, and recording the atmosphere temperature Ti corresponding to the section i of kiln body position, wherein i is 1,2, … …, n;
4) according to the target reduction temperature T of the material to be reduced0Adjusting the position of the section i of the kiln twiceA fan connected with the air nozzle (for adjusting the frequency of the fan) is used for adjusting the air intake of secondary air at the position of the section i kiln body, so that the atmosphere temperature Ti at the position of the section i kiln body is (1 +/-10%) T0Within the range of (1).
Preferably, the reduction rotary kiln further comprises a total air pipe. The fan is connected with the main air pipe. Each secondary air nozzle is connected with the main air pipe through an independent air pipe branch pipe. The position of the secondary air nozzle or the air pipe branch pipe is provided with an air volume regulating valve;
preferably, the step 4) is specifically: according to the target reduction temperature T of the material to be reduced0Adjusting an air volume adjusting valve at a secondary air nozzle on the position of the ith section of kiln body or adjusting an air volume adjusting valve on an air pipe branch pipe connected with the secondary air nozzle on the position of the ith section of kiln body, thereby adjusting the air intake of the secondary air on the position of the ith section of kiln body and ensuring that the atmosphere temperature Ti of the position of the ith section of kiln body is (1 +/-10%) T0Within the range of (1).
In the invention, the real-time atmosphere temperature Ti of the i-th section of the kiln body of the reduction rotary kiln is detected by the ultrasonic temperature and distance measuring analyzer in the step 3); step 4) according to the detected atmosphere temperature Ti and the target reduction temperature T of the material to be reduced0A comparison is made.
The secondary air intake quantity on the ith section of kiln body position is adjusted specifically as follows:
if Ti > 110% T0Reducing the air intake of secondary air at the position of the ith section of the kiln body;
if 90% T0≤Ti≤110％T0Keeping the air intake of secondary air at the position of the ith section of the kiln body unchanged;
such as Ti is less than or equal to 90 percent T0And increasing the air intake of secondary air at the position of the ith section of the kiln body.
Preferably, Δ E ═ Ti-T0Wherein: and delta E is the difference value between the actual atmosphere temperature of the position of the ith section of the kiln body and the target reduction temperature.
Adjusting the air inlet quantity of secondary air at the position of the section i kiln body to be F according to the Delta E valuesv(ii) a The specific adjustment rule is as follows:
a.△E≥100℃，Fsv＝75％F～85％F；
b.50℃≤ΔE＜100℃，Fsv＝80％F～90％F；
c.，30℃≤ΔE＜50℃，Fsv＝85％F～95％F；
d.10℃≤ΔE＜30℃，Fsv＝90％F～99％F；
e.-10℃＜ΔE＜10℃，Fsv＝F；
f.-30℃＜ΔE≤-10℃，Fsv＝101％F～110％F；
g.-50℃＜ΔE≤-30℃，Fsv＝105％F～115％F；
h.-100℃＜ΔE≤-50℃，Fsv＝110％F～120％F；
i.△E≤-100℃，Fsv＝115％F～125％F；
wherein: f is the current secondary air inlet amount at the position of the ith section of the kiln body.
Preferably, the step 4) is specifically:
401) according to the target reduction temperature T of the material to be reduced0According to the atmosphere temperature Ti detected by the ultrasonic temperature and distance measuring analyzer and the target reduction temperature T of the material to be reduced0Comparing;
402) according to the comparison of the atmosphere temperature Ti and the target reduction temperature T0Adjusting the air inlet quantity of secondary air at the position of the section i kiln body to be Fsv；
403) The air inlet amount of secondary air at the position of the ith section of the kiln body is FsvAnd after t seconds, the ultrasonic temperature and distance measuring analyzer detects the atmosphere temperature Ti at the position of the ith section of the kiln body again.
Preferably, the acoustic temperature measuring and ranging analyzer in the step 403) detects the atmosphere temperature Ti at the position of the ith section of the kiln body again:
if the atmosphere temperature Ti at the position of the section i kiln body is (1 +/-10%) T0Within the range of (2), the current secondary air intake F is keptsvThe temperature is adjusted without changing; if the atmosphere temperature Ti at the position of the section i kiln body still exceeds (1 +/-10%) T0Return to performing step 402) and step 403 again): if the atmosphere temperature Ti at the position of the section i kiln body is (1 +/-10%) T0Within the range of (2), the current secondary air intake F is keptsvThe temperature is adjusted without changing; (ii) a If the atmosphere temperature Ti at the position of the section i kiln body still exceeds (1 +/-10%) T0Within the range of (1), stopping the machine for maintenance.
In the present invention, t is 1 to 60s, preferably 2 to 50s, more preferably 3 to 40 s.
In the invention, the kiln body of the reduction rotary kiln is divided into n sections,
In the present invention, a is 0.5 to 10m, preferably 0.8 to 8m, more preferably 1 to 5 m.
In the present invention, L is 20 to 300m, preferably 30 to 180m, more preferably 40 to 160m, still more preferably 50 to 140m, and still more preferably 60 to 120 m.
In the invention, the ultrasonic temperature and distance measuring analyzer is arranged at the kiln head, the kiln body or the kiln tail of the reduction rotary kiln.
In the invention, the reducing fuel is coal powder or coal blocks.
Preferably, the coal powder is added at the kiln head of the reduction rotary kiln, and the coal briquette is added at the kiln tail of the reduction rotary kiln.
In order to solve the problem of uneven temperature field in the rotary kiln, a series of secondary air nozzles are additionally arranged on the kiln body along the length direction of the reduction rotary kiln, and reducing fuel is matched outside the reduction material, and the reducing fuel is sprayed by a burner at the center of the kiln head, so that the reduction atmosphere is kept in the material all the time. Volatile matters and CO of the reducing fuel are dissipated into the cavity flue gas through the material layer, meanwhile, real-time online temperature and distance measurement is carried out on the reducing rotary kiln along the extension direction, when the temperature of a certain position in the reducing rotary kiln is too high or too low, the accurate control of the kiln temperature is realized by adjusting the air intake of secondary air of the kiln body, so that the uniformity of a temperature field in the reducing rotary kiln is realized, the high-temperature reducing section is greatly extended, and the product quality index of the reducing rotary kiln is remarkably improved. In addition, the secondary air nozzle is additionally arranged on the kiln body, so that combustible volatile matters and CO in the flue gas at the tail section of the kiln can be fully combusted, and the phenomena of low energy efficiency, ring formation and water explosion caused by secondary combustion in a reburning chamber of the reduction rotary kiln can be avoided.
In the invention, an ultrasonic temperature and distance measuring instrument is adopted to detect the atmosphere temperature of each section of kiln body position of the reduction rotary kiln, and the atmosphere temperature Ti corresponding to the section i of kiln body position can be accurately recorded. The ultrasonic temperature and distance measuring instrument measures the measured distance by transmitting ultrasonic waves, reflecting the ultrasonic waves by a medium and combining time difference after receiving echo waves, and meanwhile, because the propagation speed of the ultrasonic waves in a gas medium is related to the temperature, the temperature of a measured object can be obtained by using the principle, so that the purposes of measuring the temperature and measuring the distance are achieved. The ultrasonic temperature and distance measuring technology has the advantages of non-contact, no interference to a measured object and the like, can realize the online monitoring of temperature and distance, and has the advantages of non-invasiveness and faster response time. The problem that the temperature and the distance cannot be measured and measured on line in real time in the reduction rotary kiln is solved, and the temperature distribution on the line along the length direction of the kiln is monitored on line in real time by additionally arranging the ultrasonic temperature and distance measuring analyzer on the kiln head cover of the reduction rotary kiln. The invention relates to an ultrasonic temperature and distance measuring instrument which is a mature product in the prior art, and the ultrasonic temperature and distance measuring instrument is applied to a reduction rotary kiln for the first time, and realizes accurate temperature measurement and distance measurement of the reduction rotary kiln, and realizes accurate temperature control of the whole reduction rotary kiln by obtaining the temperature of each section of the accurate kiln body of the reduction rotary kiln and adjusting the fuel addition amount of the kiln head and/or the kiln tail, thereby ensuring the quality of products processed by using the reduction rotary kiln.
In the invention, the temperature control method of the reduction kiln comprises the following steps: dividing the kiln head into equal parts of a1, a2 and a3 … … an along the length direction of the kiln, wherein each equal part corresponds to a secondary air nozzle, and detecting the temperature point T at the corresponding position of each equal part in real time on line by an ultrasonic temperature and distance measuring instrument1、T2、T3……TnBecause the pulverized coal is sprayed into the central burner of the kiln head and the lump coal is added into the kiln tail, the whole material is a mixture of the reducing material and the coal, and volatile matters in the coal are firstly dissipated under the action of high temperatureThe iron oxide in the material layer is subjected to reduction reaction, and under the synergistic action of the Boolean reaction, the kiln cavity is enriched with reburning gases such as volatile matters, CO and the like, and according to the requirements of the reduction process, such as the roasting temperature of 1050 ℃ and the roasting time of 2h, the temperature along the extension direction is expected to be about 1050 ℃, so that the production efficiency can be greatly improved, but in the production of the traditional process, the temperature field along the length direction of the kiln is not uniform, the high-temperature section is short, and the central burner is difficult to uniformly distribute flame for long-distance conveying.
The invention detects the temperature of the kiln on the line in the long direction in real time through the ultrasonic temperature and distance measuring instrument, analyzes the temperature distribution condition of each area, analyzes and controls the system to analyze in time when the temperature in the kiln is too high or too low, and makes adjustment, can adjust the temperature distribution in the kiln by reducing or increasing the secondary air quantity of the kiln body, meets the requirement of production working condition, simultaneously stores relevant information, provides basis for the next adjustment and control, repeats the steps, and gradually finds the optimal adjustment and control mode according to experience data, so as to realize the accurate control of the temperature field in the kiln.
In the invention, the temperature target value of each secondary air nozzle of the rotary kiln can be determined by an ultrasonic temperature and distance measuring instrument, and the temperature is regulated according to the difference value between the actual temperature detection value and the temperature target value and the position of each secondary air nozzle away from the kiln head by the following control means: adjusting according to the temperature control flow of fig. 3, namely, firstly adjusting the air volume of the secondary air nozzle, when the air volume of the secondary air nozzle is adjusted to a certain value, and the actual temperature reaches the error allowable range of the target temperature, the adjustment is completed, otherwise, the secondary air volume is continuously adjusted according to the adjustment rule until the actual temperature reaches the error allowable range of the target temperature.
Detecting the atmosphere temperature of each section of kiln body position of the reduction rotary kiln through an ultrasonic temperature and distance measuring instrument, recording the atmosphere temperature Ti corresponding to the ith section of kiln body position, and adjusting a fan connected with a secondary air nozzle on the ith section of kiln body position so as to adjust the air intake of the secondary air on the ith section of kiln body position, so that the atmosphere temperature Ti of the ith section of kiln body position is (1 +/-10%) T0Within the range of (1).
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: starting the program;
step two: reading an actual temperature value of a corresponding temperature point of the secondary air nozzle;
step three: according to the temperature difference Delta EtThe temperature difference is the difference between the actual temperature value and the target temperature value, and then the secondary air quantity value corresponding to the temperature point is adjusted by utilizing an adjustment rule table;
step four: the delay t1 seconds and the t1 value are set by the system in advance according to experience, and are generally set to be 1-60 seconds, preferably 2-50 seconds;
step five: the system determines the absolute value of the temperature difference | Δ EtWhether | is decreasing; if yes, executing the sixth step, otherwise, if the secondary air adjustment fails, reporting the system fault.
Step six: determination of Delta EtWhether the allowable deviation of the target temperature value is +/-5-80 within an allowable error range or not, preferably +/-10 ℃, and if so, finishing the temperature control adjustment; if not, executing the step seven;
step seven: according to the temperature difference Delta EtThe temperature difference is the difference between the actual temperature value and the target temperature value, and then the secondary air quantity value corresponding to the temperature point is adjusted by utilizing an adjustment rule table;
step eight: the delay t1 seconds and the t1 value are set by the system in advance according to experience, and are generally set to be 1-60 seconds, preferably 2-50 seconds;
step nine: the system determines the absolute value of the temperature difference | Δ EtWhether | is decreasing;
step ten: determination of Delta EtAnd if the temperature is within the allowable error range, the allowable deviation from the target temperature value is within (5-50), preferably +/-10 ℃, if so, the temperature control adjustment is finished, and if not, the machine is stopped for maintenance.
In the technical scheme of the invention, the atmosphere temperature in each kiln body section of the reduction rotary kiln can be accurately detected by the ultrasonic temperature and distance measuring analyzer, and the target reduction temperature T of the material to be reduced is determined0Comparing the atmosphere temperature Ti in each section with the target reduction temperature T of the material to be reduced0(ii) a Such as the temperature of the atmosphere in a certain section of the kiln body andtarget reduction temperature T of material to be reduced0If the difference exceeds the set range, the air quantity of secondary air of a secondary air nozzle on the corresponding kiln body section position is adjusted, so that the atmosphere temperature Ti of the ith section kiln body position is in the set range. The invention can accurately control the atmosphere temperature in each kiln body section, thereby ensuring that the atmosphere temperature of the whole reduction rotary kiln is the target reduction temperature which is most suitable for the material to be reduced, greatly prolonging the high-temperature reduction section and obviously improving the product quality index of the reduction rotary kiln. In addition, the secondary air nozzle is additionally arranged on the kiln body, so that combustible volatile matters and CO in the flue gas at the tail section of the kiln can be fully combusted, and the phenomena of low energy efficiency, ring formation and water explosion caused by secondary combustion in a reburning chamber of the reduction rotary kiln can be avoided.
According to the invention, a series of secondary air nozzles are additionally arranged on the kiln body along the length direction of the rotary kiln, as the material to be reduced is externally provided with the reducing fuel, and the burner at the center of the kiln head is sprayed with the reducing fuel, the material is ensured to keep reducing atmosphere all the time, combustible volatile matters and CO are dissipated into cavity flue gas through a material layer, meanwhile, real-time online temperature measurement and ranging are carried out on the rotary kiln along the extension direction, when the temperature at a certain position in the rotary kiln is too high or too low, the accurate control of the kiln temperature is realized by adjusting the secondary air inlet amount of the kiln body, so that the uniformity of a temperature field in the rotary kiln is realized, the high-temperature reduction section is greatly extended, and the quality index of the rotary kiln is obviously improved.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the invention can accurately detect the atmosphere temperature in each kiln body section of the reduction rotary kiln through the ultrasonic temperature and distance measurement analyzer, and realize real-time and accurate temperature measurement along the length direction of the kiln;
2. according to the method, according to the detection of the atmosphere temperature in each kiln body section of the reduction rotary kiln, the atmosphere temperature Ti of the kiln body position of the ith section is within a set range by adjusting the secondary air quantity of the secondary air nozzle at the position of the corresponding kiln body section, so that the high-temperature section is greatly prolonged (air is added at low temperature, air is reduced at high temperature), the yield is improved in multiples, and the scale is increased in multiples;
3. through the control of the invention, the reburning gases such as volatile matters, CO and the like generated in the kiln are fully combusted in the kiln, so as to provide temperature for reducing materials, improve the energy utilization efficiency and reduce the energy consumption;
4. by the control of the invention, the problem of ring formation of the reburning chamber is solved, the water explosion phenomenon of the reburning chamber is avoided, and the production operation rate is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a reduction rotary kiln temperature control method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the control and adjustment of the temperature control method of the reduction rotary kiln according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the control process of a method for controlling the temperature of a reduction rotary kiln according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a temperature-controllable reduction rotary kiln used in the temperature control method of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing another design structure of a temperature-controllable reduction rotary kiln used in the temperature control method of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the operation principle of a temperature-controllable reduction rotary kiln used in the temperature control method of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1: reducing the rotary kiln; 101: a kiln head; 102: a kiln tail; 103: burning a nozzle; 2: an ultrasonic temperature and distance measuring analyzer; 3: a secondary air nozzle; 4: a fan; 5: an air volume adjusting valve; l1: a main air duct; l2: air pipe branch pipes.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is illustrated below, and the claimed scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, the following examples.
Example 1
As shown in figure 1, the temperature control method of the reduction rotary kiln is characterized in that an ultrasonic temperature and distance measuring analyzer 2 is arranged on a reduction rotary kiln 1, the kiln body of the reduction rotary kiln 1 is divided into n sections, each section of the kiln body is provided with a secondary air nozzle 3, and each secondary air nozzle 3 is connected with a fan 4. The method comprises the following steps:
1) the method comprises the following steps of (1) loading a material to be reduced into a reduction rotary kiln 1, and adding a reducing fuel at the positions of a kiln head 101 and a kiln tail 102 of the reduction rotary kiln 1;
2) a burner 103 is arranged at the position of a kiln head 101 of the reduction rotary kiln 1, and a material to be reduced is combusted and reduced by a reducing fuel in the reduction rotary kiln 1 to obtain a reduced material;
3) the ultrasonic temperature and distance measuring analyzer 2 detects the atmosphere temperature of each section of kiln body position of the reduction rotary kiln 1 and records the atmosphere temperature Ti corresponding to the section i of kiln body position, wherein i is 1,2, … …, n;
4) according to the target reduction temperature T of the material to be reduced0Adjusting a fan 4 connected with a secondary air nozzle 3 at the position of the ith section of kiln body so as to adjust the air intake of the secondary air at the position of the ith section of kiln body and ensure that the atmosphere temperature Ti at the position of the ith section of kiln body is (1 +/-10%) T0Within the range of (1).
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, in the method for controlling the temperature of the reduction rotary kiln, an ultrasonic temperature and distance measuring analyzer 2 is arranged on a reduction rotary kiln 1, the kiln body of the reduction rotary kiln 1 is divided into n sections, each section of the kiln body is provided with a secondary air nozzle 3, and each secondary air nozzle 3 is connected with a fan 4. The method comprises the following steps:
1) the method comprises the following steps of (1) loading a material to be reduced into a reduction rotary kiln 1, and adding a reducing fuel at the positions of a kiln head 101 and a kiln tail 102 of the reduction rotary kiln 1;
2) a burner 103 is arranged at the position of a kiln head 101 of the reduction rotary kiln 1, and a material to be reduced is combusted and reduced by a reducing fuel in the reduction rotary kiln 1 to obtain a reduced material;
3) the ultrasonic temperature and distance measuring analyzer 2 detects the atmosphere temperature of each section of kiln body position of the reduction rotary kiln 1 and records the atmosphere temperature Ti corresponding to the section i of kiln body position, wherein i is 1,2, … …, n;
4) the reduction rotary kiln 1 further includes a total wind pipe L1. The blower 4 is connected to a main air duct L1. Each secondary air nozzle 3 is connected with a main air duct L1 through an independent air duct branch pipe L2. An air quantity regulating valve 5 is arranged at the position of the secondary air nozzle 3 or on the air pipe branch pipe L2;
according to the target reduction temperature T of the material to be reduced0Adjusting an air volume adjusting valve 5 at a secondary air nozzle 3 at the position of the ith section of kiln body or adjusting an air volume adjusting valve 5 on an air pipe branch pipe L2 connected with the secondary air nozzle 3 at the position of the ith section of kiln body, thereby adjusting the air intake of the secondary air at the position of the ith section of kiln body and ensuring that the atmosphere temperature Ti at the position of the ith section of kiln body is (1 +/-10%) T0Within the range of (1).
Example 3
The embodiment 2 is repeated, but the secondary air intake quantity on the position of the ith section of the kiln body is adjusted to be specifically as follows:
if Ti > 110% T0Reducing the air intake of secondary air at the position of the ith section of the kiln body;
if 90% T0≤Ti≤110％T0Keeping the air intake of secondary air at the position of the ith section of the kiln body unchanged;
such as Ti is less than or equal to 90 percent T0And increasing the air intake of secondary air at the position of the ith section of the kiln body.
Example 4
Example 2 was repeated except that Δ E ═ Ti-T0Wherein: and delta E is the difference value between the actual atmosphere temperature of the position of the ith section of the kiln body and the target reduction temperature.
Adjusting the air inlet quantity of secondary air at the position of the section i kiln body to be F according to the Delta E valuesv(ii) a The specific adjustment rule is as follows:
a.△E≥100℃，Fsv＝75％F～85％F；
b.50℃≤ΔE＜100℃，Fsv＝80％F～90％F；
c.30℃≤ΔE＜50℃，Fsv＝85％F～95％F；
d.10℃≤ΔE＜30℃，Fsv＝90％F～99％F；
e.-10℃＜ΔE＜10℃，Fsv＝F；
f.-30℃＜ΔE≤-10℃，Fsv＝101％F～110％F；
g.-50℃＜ΔE≤-30℃，Fsv＝105％F～115％F；
h.-100℃＜ΔE≤-50℃，Fsv＝110％F～120％F；
i.△E≤-100℃，Fsv＝115％F～125％F；
wherein: f is the current secondary air inlet amount at the position of the ith section of the kiln body.
Example 5
As shown in fig. 3, the example 4 is repeated, except that the step 4) is specifically:
401) according to the target reduction temperature T of the material to be reduced0According to the atmosphere temperature Ti detected by the ultrasonic temperature and distance measuring analyzer 2 and the target reduction temperature T of the material to be reduced0Comparing;
402) according to the comparison of the atmosphere temperature Ti and the target reduction temperature T0Adjusting the air inlet quantity of secondary air at the position of the section i kiln body to be Fsv；
403) The air inlet amount of secondary air at the position of the ith section of the kiln body is FsvAfter t seconds, the ultrasonic temperature and distance measuring analyzer 2 detects the atmosphere temperature Ti at the position of the section i kiln body again.
Preferably, the acoustic thermometric distance analyzer 2 in step 403) detects the atmosphere temperature Ti at the position of the ith section of the kiln body again:
if the atmosphere temperature Ti at the position of the section i kiln body is (1 +/-10%) T0Within the range of (2), the current secondary air intake F is keptsvThe temperature is adjusted without changing;
if the atmosphere temperature Ti at the position of the section i kiln body still exceeds (1 +/-10%) T0Return to performing step 402) and step 403 again): if the atmosphere temperature Ti at the position of the section i kiln body is (1 +/-10%) T0Within the range of (2), the current secondary air intake F is keptsvThe temperature is adjusted without changing; if the atmosphere temperature Ti at the position of the section i kiln body still exceeds (1 +/-10%) T0Within the range of (1), stopping the machine for maintenance.
Example 6
The method described in example 4 was used for the direct reduction of iron oxide. The following reactions take place in a reduction rotary kiln:
3Fe2O3+C＝2Fe3O4+CO，ΔGΘ＝120000-218.46T，J/mol；
3Fe2O3+CO＝2Fe3O4+CO2，ΔGΘ＝-26520-57.03T，J/mol；
Fe3O4+C＝3FeO+CO，ΔGΘ＝207510-217.62T，J/mol；
Fe3O4+CO＝3FeO+CO2，ΔGΘ＝35100－41.49T，J/mol；
FeO+C＝Fe+CO，ΔGΘ＝158970-160.25T，J/mol；
FeO+CO＝Fe+CO2，ΔGΘ＝-17490+21.13T，J/mol；
C+CO2＝2CO，ΔGΘ170700-174.5T, J/mol (Brodol reaction).
Target reduction temperature T of iron oxide0The kiln body length of the reduction rotary kiln is 80m at 1050 ℃, the kiln body of the reduction rotary kiln is divided into 20 sections, and the length of each section of the kiln body is 4 m. The ultrasonic temperature and distance measuring analyzer 2 is arranged at the kiln head of the reduction rotary kiln 1, coal powder is added at the position of the kiln head 101 of the reduction rotary kiln 1, and coal briquettes are added at the position of the kiln tail 102 of the reduction rotary kiln 1.
Adjusting the air inlet quantity of secondary air at the position of the section i kiln body to be F according to the Delta E valuesv(ii) a The specific adjustment rule is as follows:
a.△E≥100℃，Fsv＝80％F；
b.50℃≤ΔE＜100℃，Fsv＝85％F；
c.30℃≤ΔE＜50℃，Fsv＝90％F；
d.10℃≤ΔE＜30℃，Fsv＝95％F；
e.-10℃＜ΔE＜10℃，Fsv＝F；
f.-30℃＜ΔE≤-10℃，Fsv＝105％F；
g.-50℃＜ΔE≤-30℃，Fsv＝110％F；
h.-100℃＜ΔE≤-50℃，Fsv＝115％F；
i.△E≤-100℃，Fsv＝120％F；
wherein: f is the current secondary air inlet amount at the position of the ith section of the kiln body.
Example 7
Example 6 was repeated except that step 4) was specifically:
401) according to the target reduction temperature T of the material to be reduced0Detecting that the atmosphere temperature Ti at the position of the kiln body at the 5 th section is 1100 ℃ according to the ultrasonic temperature and distance measuring analyzer 2;
402) according to the comparison of the atmosphere temperature Ti and the target reduction temperature T0The difference delta E is 50 ℃, and the air inlet quantity of secondary air at the position of the 5 th section of the kiln body is adjusted to be FsvIs 90% F;
403) after the secondary air intake at the position of the kiln body at the 5 th section is 90 percent F for 10 seconds, the ultrasonic temperature and distance measuring analyzer 2 detects the atmosphere temperature Ti at the position of the kiln body at the 5 th section to be 1055 ℃;
and (3) judging: keeping the current secondary air intake F when the atmosphere temperature Ti at the position of the 5 th section of the kiln body is in a set rangesvAnd the temperature adjustment is finished without changing.
Example 8
Example 7 is repeated, except that in step 403), after the air intake of the secondary air at the position of the kiln body at the 5 th section is 90% F, the temperature and the distance of the atmosphere Ti at the position of the kiln body at the 5 th section is detected to be 1080 ℃ again by the ultrasonic temperature measurement and distance measurement analyzer 2;
and (3) judging: and (3) returning to execute the step again when the atmosphere temperature Ti at the position of the kiln body at the 5 th section still exceeds the set range:
402) according to the comparison of the atmosphere temperature Ti and the target reduction temperature T0The difference delta E is 30 ℃, and the air inlet quantity of secondary air at the position of the 5 th section of the kiln body is adjusted to be Fsv95% F;
403) after the secondary air intake at the position of the kiln body at the 5 th section is 95 percent F for 10 seconds, the ultrasonic temperature and distance measuring analyzer 2 detects the atmosphere temperature Ti at the position of the kiln body at the 5 th section to be 1055 ℃; at setting T0Within the range of (2), the current secondary air intake F is keptsvAnd the temperature adjustment is finished without changing.
Example 9
Example 8 is repeated, except that in step 403), after the air intake of the secondary air at the position of the kiln body at the 5 th section is 90% F for 10 seconds, the ultrasonic temperature and distance measuring analyzer 2 detects the atmosphere temperature Ti at the position of the kiln body at the 5 th section to be 1080 ℃;
and (3) judging: and (3) returning to execute the step again when the atmosphere temperature Ti at the position of the kiln body at the 5 th section still exceeds the set range:
402) according to the comparison of the atmosphere temperature Ti and the target reduction temperature T0The difference delta E is 30 ℃, and the air inlet quantity of secondary air at the position of the 5 th section of the kiln body is adjusted to be Fsv95% F;
403) after the secondary air intake at the position of the kiln body at the 5 th section is 95 percent F for 10 seconds, the ultrasonic temperature and distance measuring analyzer 2 detects the atmosphere temperature Ti at the position of the kiln body at the 5 th section to be 1070 ℃ again; and (4) stopping the machine for maintenance when the temperature is still beyond the set range.
Claims (10)
1. A temperature control method of a reduction rotary kiln is characterized in that an ultrasonic temperature and distance measuring analyzer (2) is arranged on the reduction rotary kiln (1), the kiln body of the reduction rotary kiln (1) is divided into n sections, each section of the kiln body is provided with a secondary air nozzle (3), and each secondary air nozzle (3) is connected with a fan (4); the method comprises the following steps:
1) the method comprises the following steps of (1) loading a material to be reduced into a reduction rotary kiln (1), and adding a reducing fuel at the positions of a kiln head (101) and a kiln tail (102) of the reduction rotary kiln (1);
2) a burner (103) is arranged at the position of a kiln head (101) of the reduction rotary kiln (1), and the material to be reduced is combusted and reduced by reducing fuel in the reduction rotary kiln (1) to obtain a reduced material;
3) the ultrasonic temperature and distance measuring analyzer (2) detects the atmosphere temperature of each section of kiln body position of the reduction rotary kiln (1), and records the atmosphere temperature Ti corresponding to the ith section of kiln body position, wherein i is 1,2, … … and n;
4) according to the target reduction temperature T of the material to be reduced0Adjusting a fan (4) connected with a secondary air nozzle (3) at the position of the ith section of kiln body, thereby adjusting the air intake of the secondary air at the position of the ith section of kiln body and ensuring that the atmosphere temperature Ti at the position of the ith section of kiln body is (1 +/-10%) T0Within the range of (1).
2. The reducing rotary kiln temperature control method as defined in claim 1, characterized in that: the reduction rotary kiln (1) also comprises a total air pipe (L1); the fan (4) is connected with a main air pipe (L1), and each secondary air nozzle (3) is connected with the main air pipe (L1) through an independent air pipe branch pipe (L2); an air volume adjusting valve (5) is arranged at the position of the secondary air nozzle (3) or on the air pipe branch pipe (L2);
the step 4) is specifically as follows: according to the target reduction temperature T of the material to be reduced0Adjusting an air volume adjusting valve (5) at a secondary air nozzle (3) on the ith section of kiln body position, or adjusting an air volume adjusting valve (5) on an air pipe branch pipe (L2) connected with the secondary air nozzle (3) on the ith section of kiln body position, thereby adjusting the air volume of the secondary air on the ith section of kiln body position, and enabling the atmosphere temperature Ti of the ith section of kiln body position to be (1 +/-10%) T0Within the range of (1).
3. The reducing rotary kiln temperature control method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: detecting the real-time atmosphere temperature Ti of the i-th section of the kiln body of the reduction rotary kiln (1) by the ultrasonic temperature and distance measuring analyzer (2) in the step 3); step 4) according to the detected atmosphere temperature Ti and the target reduction temperature T of the material to be reduced0And comparing, and specifically adjusting the secondary air intake quantity at the position of the ith section of the kiln body as follows:
if Ti > 110% T0Reducing the air intake of secondary air at the position of the ith section of the kiln body;
if 90% T0≤Ti≤110％T0Keeping the air intake of secondary air at the position of the ith section of the kiln body unchanged;
such as Ti is less than or equal to 90 percent T0And increasing the air intake of secondary air at the position of the ith section of the kiln body.
4. A reducing rotary kiln temperature control method according to claim 3, characterized in that: Δ E ═ Ti-T0Wherein: delta E is the difference value between the actual atmosphere temperature and the target reduction temperature at the position of the ith section of the kiln body, and the air inlet volume of secondary air at the position of the ith section of the kiln body is adjusted to be F according to the delta E valuesv(ii) a Specific adjustment rulesComprises the following steps:
a.△E≥100℃，Fsv＝75％F～85％F；
b.50℃≤ΔE＜100℃，Fsv＝80％F～90％F；
c.30℃≤ΔE＜50℃，Fsv＝85％F～95％F；
d.10℃≤ΔE＜30℃，Fsv＝90％F～99％F；
e.-10℃＜ΔE＜10℃，Fsv＝F；
f.-30℃＜ΔE≤-10℃，Fsv＝101％F～110％F；
g.-50℃＜ΔE≤-30℃，Fsv＝105％F～115％F；
h.-100℃＜ΔE≤-50℃，Fsv＝110％F～120％F；
i.△E≤-100℃，Fsv＝115％F～125％F；
wherein: f is the current secondary air inlet amount at the position of the ith section of the kiln body.
5. The reducing rotary kiln temperature control method according to claim 4, characterized in that: the step 4) is specifically as follows:
401) according to the target reduction temperature T of the material to be reduced0According to the atmospheric temperature Ti detected by the ultrasonic temperature and distance measuring analyzer (2) and the target reduction temperature T of the material to be reduced0Comparing;
402) according to the comparison of the atmosphere temperature Ti and the target reduction temperature T0Adjusting the air inlet quantity of secondary air at the position of the section i kiln body to be Fsv；
403) The air inlet amount of secondary air at the position of the ith section of the kiln body is FsvAnd after t seconds, the ultrasonic temperature and distance measuring analyzer (2) detects the atmosphere temperature Ti at the position of the section i kiln body again.
6. The reducing rotary kiln temperature control method as defined in claim 5, characterized in that: and 403), detecting the atmosphere temperature Ti at the position of the section i kiln body again by the acoustic temperature and distance measuring analyzer (2):
if the ith section of the kiln body positionThe temperature of the atmosphere Ti is (1 +/-10%) T0Within the range of (2), the current secondary air intake F is keptsvThe temperature is adjusted without changing;
if the atmosphere temperature Ti at the position of the section i kiln body still exceeds (1 +/-10%) T0Return to performing step 402) and step 403 again): if the atmosphere temperature Ti at the position of the section i kiln body is (1 +/-10%) T0Within the range of (2), the current secondary air intake F is keptsvThe temperature is adjusted without changing; if the atmosphere temperature Ti at the position of the section i kiln body still exceeds (1 +/-10%) T0Within the range of (1), stopping the machine for maintenance.
7. The reducing rotary kiln temperature control method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: t is 1-60s, preferably 2-50s, more preferably 3-40 s.
8. The reduction rotary kiln temperature control method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by: the kiln body of the reduction rotary kiln (1) is divided into n sections,
9. The reducing rotary kiln temperature control method as defined in claim 8, characterized in that: a is 0.5 to 10m, preferably 0.8 to 8m, more preferably 1 to 5 m; l is 20 to 300m, preferably 30 to 180m, more preferably 40 to 160 m.
10. A reducing rotary kiln temperature control method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by: the ultrasonic temperature and distance measuring analyzer (2) is arranged at the kiln head, the kiln body or the kiln tail of the reduction rotary kiln (1); and/or
The reducing fuel is coal powder or coal blocks; preferably, coal powder is added at the position of a kiln head (101) of the reduction rotary kiln (1), and coal blocks are added at the position of a kiln tail (102) of the reduction rotary kiln (1).
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| CN113357907A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-09-07 | 浙江大学 | Rotary furnace device and method for processing oily waste by roasting neodymium iron boron alloy through enhanced oxidation |
| CN113820031A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-12-21 | 中冶长天国际工程有限责任公司 | Online temperature measuring method for direct reduction process of iron ore |
| CN114622050A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2022-06-14 | 中冶长天国际工程有限责任公司 | Method for accurately measuring and adjusting air volume to control temperature of materials in rotary kiln |
| CN114623681A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2022-06-14 | 中冶长天国际工程有限责任公司 | Method for controlling temperature of materials in rotary kiln by accurately measuring and adjusting fuel quantity |
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