CN112043994A - Temperature-control capsule type nano fire extinguishing tablet and temperature-control nano capsule fire extinguishing method - Google Patents
Temperature-control capsule type nano fire extinguishing tablet and temperature-control nano capsule fire extinguishing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112043994A CN112043994A CN202010961025.3A CN202010961025A CN112043994A CN 112043994 A CN112043994 A CN 112043994A CN 202010961025 A CN202010961025 A CN 202010961025A CN 112043994 A CN112043994 A CN 112043994A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C35/00—Permanently-installed equipment
- A62C35/02—Permanently-installed equipment with containers for delivering the extinguishing substance
- A62C35/10—Containers destroyed or opened by flames or heat
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0007—Solid extinguishing substances
- A62D1/0021—Microcapsules
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of fire fighting and extinguishment, and particularly relates to a temperature-control capsule type nano fire extinguishing tablet and a temperature-control nano capsule fire extinguishing method, wherein a wall-breaking agent is used for sensing the temperature of a fire source, when the fire temperature reaches the decomposition temperature of the wall-breaking agent, the wall-breaking agent is heated to decompose and absorb heat or release heat and release gas substances at the same time, the capsule rupture temperature of the capsule type nano fire extinguishing agent is interfered, fire extinguishing components coated in a capsule are released in a controlled mode, the temperature-control fire extinguishing is realized, the capsule type nano fire extinguishing agent comprises fire extinguishing components and the wall-breaking agent, the fire extinguishing components coated in the capsule are 50-200 parts, and the mass of the wall-breaking agent is 0.1-2% of that of the fire extinguishing components coated in the. The wall breaking agent not only has the function of regulating and controlling the capsule rupture temperature, but also can regulate and control the capsule rupture temperature of the capsule type nano fire extinguishing agent, so that the fire extinguishing components are controlled to be released, and meanwhile, the wall breaking agent is heated and decomposed to release the fire extinguishing components or components for isolating air, and further, fire extinguishing is assisted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fire fighting, and particularly relates to a temperature-control capsule type nano fire extinguishing tablet and a temperature-control nano capsule fire extinguishing method.
Background
The electric fire is a common fire form, and this type of fire often takes place in airtight narrow and small block terminal, switch board, socket, group battery, electrical apparatus, and its characteristics are difficult discovery, difficult prediction, and the randomness is high, and is disguised strong, even certain position takes place the conflagration it, and initial stage conflagration is difficult to discover, once discover, its development degree has already caused harm, is difficult to put out rapidly. Therefore, fire extinguishing in such small spaces is a very troublesome problem.
To the conflagration risk that the source of this type of electric fire in the little space exists, electrical components in general this type of block terminal, switch board, socket, group battery, the electrical apparatus uses electrical apparatus all is through adopting temperature resistant flame retardant material, however, temperature resistant flame retardant material can not replace all electrical components, and fire retardant material also can initiate the conflagration to a certain extent, and in case when the conflagration breaing out, traditional fire extinguishing mode also is difficult to in time deal with the condition of a fire in the little space range.
Aiming at the current situation, the fire extinguishing paste in the form appears in China, the most common fire extinguishing paste or fire extinguishing sheet in the form of aerosol can damage electrical appliances in such distribution boxes, power distribution cabinets, sockets, battery packs and electrical appliances to a greater or lesser extent. In addition, the existing fire extinguishing patch technology is mainly characterized in that fire extinguishing components are excited by fire scene temperature to generate chemical reaction to complete fire extinguishing, the fire extinguishing components are heated to react until reaching a certain temperature, so that the fire extinguishing components are difficult to play a role when early fire does not reach the reaction temperature, fire behavior is spread or expanded, serious fire is caused, the fire extinguishing components are rapidly released when the fire temperature reaches the reaction temperature of the fire extinguishing components, the duration is too short, fire extinguishing is not thorough, the fire extinguishing speed and temperature are not controlled, and accurate temperature control is difficult to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a temperature-control type nanocapsule fire extinguishing method, which mainly utilizes the heat released by the thermal decomposition of a wall breaking agent to stimulate capsules to break and release fire extinguishing components, thereby realizing the automatic and accurate control of fire extinguishing temperature.
Meanwhile, the invention also provides a temperature control type capsule type nano fire extinguishing tablet for realizing the temperature control type nano capsule fire extinguishing method.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows:
a temperature-control type nanocapsule fire extinguishing method comprises the following steps:
the fire source temperature is induced by the wall breaking agent, when the fire temperature reaches the decomposition temperature of the wall breaking agent, the wall breaking agent is heated to decompose and absorb heat or release heat and release gas substances at the same time, the capsule rupture temperature of the capsule type nano fire extinguishing agent is interfered, fire extinguishing components coated in the capsule are released in a controlled manner, and temperature control type fire extinguishing is realized.
Further limiting, the wall breaking agent is an azo compound or a composition of the azo compound and a carbonate compound; the azo compound is azobisisobutyronitrile or azodicarbonamide; the carbonate compound is sodium bicarbonate or potassium bicarbonate.
Further limiting, interfering the capsule rupture temperature of the capsule type nano fire extinguishing agent to enable the fire extinguishing component coated in the capsule to be controlled and released, specifically:
the addition amount of the wall-breaking agent is adjusted to be within the range of 0.1-2% of the mass of the fire extinguishing component, the capsule rupture temperature of the capsule type nano fire extinguishing agent is gradually reduced within the range of 110-280 ℃ along with the increase of the addition amount of the wall-breaking agent, and the capsule rupture temperature of the capsule type nano fire extinguishing agent is disturbed by adjusting the addition amount of the wall-breaking agent, so that temperature-controlled fire extinguishing is realized.
Further limitation, the capsule rupture temperature of the capsule type nano fire extinguishing agent is interfered, so that the fire extinguishing component coated in the capsule can be controlled to release, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
adjusting the addition amount of the azodiisobutyronitrile to be 0.1% -2% of the fire extinguishing component, wherein the capsule rupture temperature of the capsule type nano fire extinguishing agent is lower within the range of 110-180 ℃ along with the increase of the addition amount of the azodiisobutyronitrile;
adjusting the addition amount of azodicarbonamide and carbonate compound or azodicarbonamide as a wall breaking agent to be 0.1-2% of the fire extinguishing component, and gradually reducing the capsule rupture temperature of the capsule type nano fire extinguishing agent within the range of 180-280 ℃ along with the increase of the addition amount of the wall breaking agent so as to realize temperature control fire extinguishing.
The temperature-control capsule type nanometer fire extinguishing tablet for realizing the temperature-control type fire extinguishing method comprises a capsule type nanometer fire extinguishing agent, wherein the capsule type nanometer fire extinguishing agent comprises a capsule-wrapped fire extinguishing component and a wall breaking agent, the capsule-wrapped fire extinguishing component accounts for 50-200 parts, and the mass of the wall breaking agent accounts for 0.1-2% of that of the capsule-wrapped fire extinguishing component.
Further limited, the temperature control type capsule type nano fire extinguishing tablet also comprises 15-100 parts of film forming agent and 0.5-50 parts of inorganic filler.
Further limiting, the capsule type nano fire extinguishing agent, the film forming agent and the inorganic filler are mixed and then coated on the surface of a molding carrier, so that the prepared temperature control type capsule type nano fire extinguishing tablet is in a shape of a rubber belt, a strip, a film or a patch.
Further limiting, the wall breaking agent is an azo compound or a composition of the azo compound and a carbonate compound; the azo compound is azobisisobutyronitrile or azodicarbonamide; the carbonate compound is sodium bicarbonate or potassium bicarbonate.
Further defined, the encapsulated fire extinguishing component is any one or more of difluorodibromomethane, difluoromonochloromonobromomethane, trifluoromonobromomethane, tetrafluorodibromoethane, trifluoropropane, hexafluoropropane, heptafluoropropane, perfluoroacetone, perfluorobutanone, perfluoropentanone, perfluorohexanone, perfluoropropane, perfluorobutane, perfluoropentane, perfluorohexane, perfluoroheptane, perfluorooctane;
the film forming agent is one or any combination of acrylic resin, epoxy resin and polyurethane;
the inorganic filler is one or any combination of nano crushed silicon dioxide, talcum powder, calcium carbonate, silicon dioxide, alumina and aluminum hydroxide.
Further limited, the temperature control type capsule type nano fire extinguishing tablet further comprises pigment, and the pigment accounts for 0-2% of the mass of the capsule type nano fire extinguishing agent.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the capsule-type nanometer fire extinguishing agent disclosed by the invention utilizes the fact that the wall-breaking agent is heated to decompose and release heat or absorb heat to interfere the capsule rupture temperature of the capsule-type nanometer fire extinguishing agent, so that fire extinguishing components coated in the capsule are controllably released, and fire can be adaptively controlled and extinguished no matter the capsule is fired in a high-heat fire environment or a low-heat fire environment.
2) The wall breaking agent not only has the function of regulating and controlling the capsule rupture temperature, but also can regulate and control the capsule rupture temperature of the capsule type nano fire extinguishing agent, so that the fire extinguishing components are controlled to be released, and meanwhile, the wall breaking agent is heated and decomposed to release the fire extinguishing components or components for isolating air, and further, fire extinguishing is assisted.
3) The temperature control type capsule type nano fire extinguishing tablet disclosed by the invention can be pasted in a closed space to save space, is convenient to paste, does not need regular maintenance or overhaul, is relatively low in protection cost, can be used for self-adaptively starting fire extinguishing and extinguishing early fire, solves the problem that the existing fire extinguishing paste is difficult to realize early fire extinguishing, further can be used for early fire extinguishing, and can reduce fire damage to the maximum extent.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will now be further described with reference to examples and experimental data.
The azo compound is used as a wall breaking agent in the temperature control type nanocapsule fire extinguishing method, the azo compound is decomposed by heating to release heat and nitrogen and generate free radicals, the heat decomposed by heating is used for exciting capsules of a small amount of capsule type nanocapsule fire extinguishing agents to break, fire extinguishing components are released in advance, and the released nitrogen is non-combustible, can isolate air and assists physical isolation fire extinguishing.
Meanwhile, the carbonate compound is decomposed into carbonate, carbon dioxide and water at high temperature, and simultaneously absorbs heat to reduce the ambient temperature, and the carbonate compound is used as a wall breaking agent in the temperature-control type nano-capsule fire extinguishing method, is decomposed by heating to release a large amount of non-combustible gas to isolate air, and simultaneously reacts to absorb heat to reduce the capsule rupture speed of the capsule type nano-fire extinguishing agent, so that the fire extinguishing components coated in the capsule are released in a controlled manner.
The invention provides a temperature-control type nanocapsule fire extinguishing method, which is realized by the following steps:
the fire source temperature is induced by the wall breaking agent, when the fire temperature reaches the decomposition temperature of the wall breaking agent, the wall breaking agent is heated to decompose and absorb heat or release heat and release gas substances at the same time, the capsule rupture speed of the capsule type nano fire extinguishing agent is interfered, fire extinguishing components coated in the capsule are released in a controlled mode, namely the addition amount of the wall breaking agent is adjusted to be within 0.1% -2% of the mass of the fire extinguishing components, the capsule rupture temperature of the capsule type nano fire extinguishing agent is gradually reduced within the range of 110-280 ℃ along with the increase of the addition amount of the wall breaking agent, and the capsule rupture temperature of the capsule type nano fire extinguishing agent is interfered by adjusting the addition amount of the wall breaking agent, so that temperature.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
adjusting the addition amount of the azodiisobutyronitrile to be 0.1% -2% of the fire extinguishing component, wherein the capsule rupture temperature of the capsule type nano fire extinguishing agent is lower within the range of 110-180 ℃ along with the increase of the addition amount of the azodiisobutyronitrile;
adjusting the addition amount of azodicarbonamide and carbonate compound or azodicarbonamide as a wall breaking agent to be 0.1-2% of the fire extinguishing component, and gradually reducing the capsule rupture temperature of the capsule type nano fire extinguishing agent within the range of 180-280 ℃ along with the increase of the addition amount of the wall breaking agent so as to realize temperature control fire extinguishing.
Based on the temperature-control fire extinguishing method, the invention also provides a temperature-control capsule type nano fire extinguishing tablet which comprises a capsule type nano fire extinguishing agent, wherein the capsule type nano fire extinguishing agent comprises a capsule-wrapped fire extinguishing component and a wall breaking agent, the capsule-wrapped fire extinguishing component accounts for 50-200 parts, and the mass of the wall breaking agent is 0.1-2% of that of the capsule-wrapped fire extinguishing component.
The prepared temperature-control capsule type nano fire extinguishing tablet can also comprise 10-50 parts of film forming agent and 0.5-50 parts of inorganic filler; the capsule type nano fire extinguishing agent is mixed with the film forming agent and the inorganic filler and is coated on the surface of a forming carrier, and the capsule type nano fire extinguishing agent can be made into a strip shape, a strip shape or a film shape or a patch, so that different fire extinguishing products can be made and applied to different fire extinguishing occasions.
Further, the wall breaking agent is an azo compound or a composition of the azo compound and a carbonate compound, wherein the azo compound is azobisisobutyronitrile or azodicarbonamide; the carbonate compound is sodium bicarbonate or potassium bicarbonate or ammonium carbonate.
Further, the fire extinguishing component is any one or more of difluorodibromomethane, difluoromonochloromonromomethane, trifluoromonobromomethane, tetrafluorodibromoethane, trifluoropropane, hexafluoropropane, heptafluoropropane, perfluoroacetone, perfluorobutanone, perfluoropentanone, perfluorohexanone, perfluoropropane, perfluorobutane, perfluoropentane, perfluorohexane, perfluoroheptane and perfluorooctane.
Further, the film forming agent is one or any combination of acrylate, epoxy resin and styrene-acrylic resin.
Further, the inorganic filler is one or any combination of nano-crushed silica, talc powder, calcium carbonate, silica, alumina and aluminum hydroxide.
In order to make the product beautiful, a small amount of pigment can be added into the temperature control capsule type nano fire extinguishing tablet to adjust the color of the fire extinguishing agent, the pigment can be common dyeing pigment, the mass of the pigment can be 0-2% of that of the capsule type nano fire extinguishing agent, and the dosage is selected according to the required color depth.
Example 1
The temperature-controlled capsule-type nano fire extinguishing tablet of the embodiment is prepared by uniformly stirring the components of the capsule-type nano fire extinguishing agent, and coating the mixture on the surface of a forming carrier, wherein the forming carrier is formed by laminating non-woven fabrics and adhesive glue, and can be adhered to the top in a closed electric appliance cabinet.
The capsule type nano fire extinguishing agent of the embodiment is composed of 150g of fire extinguishing components wrapped by capsules, 80g of film forming agents, 35g of inorganic fillers, 1.5g of wall breaking agents and 1.5g of pigments.
The fire extinguishing component of the embodiment is prepared from difluorodibromomethane, perfluoroacetone and perfluoropropane according to the weight ratio of 1: 1: 1, mixing the components in proportion;
the encapsulated fire extinguishing component is encapsulated according to a conventional capsule forming treatment method or the following steps:
and adding a wall breaking agent into the mixed fire extinguishing components, fully and uniformly mixing, adding the mixture into 850g of deionized water, stirring at a high speed to disperse the mixture into nano suspended particles, adding an acrylate monomer for polymerization coating, curing for 6 hours, centrifuging the prepared nano particles, and performing vacuum freeze drying to obtain the solid powder microcapsule with the particle size of 20-200 nm.
The film forming agent of the present example was prepared from acrylate and epoxy resin in a ratio of 1: 2 in proportion; the inorganic filler is selected from nano crushed silicon dioxide, talcum powder and aluminum hydroxide according to the weight ratio of 1: 2: 0.5 in proportion.
The wall-breaking agent in this example was azobisisobutyronitrile.
The temperature control type capsule type nanometer fire extinguishing tablet of this embodiment can realize the total submerged fire extinguishing, also can guarantee the controlled release of fire extinguishing component when the intensity of a fire expands, realizes the self-adaptation and adjusts the fire extinguishing, specifically is:
when azodiisobutyronitrile is heated and decomposed in early stage and the temperature reaches 150 ℃, the released gas excites capsules of the capsule type nano fire extinguishing agent to break, so that fire extinguishing components are released, and temperature-controlled fire extinguishing is realized.
Example 2
The temperature control type capsule nano fire extinguishing tablet of the embodiment is prepared by uniformly stirring and coating all components of a capsule nano fire extinguishing agent on a flame-retardant film to prepare a fire extinguishing film.
The capsule type nano fire extinguishing agent of the embodiment is composed of 200g of fire extinguishing components wrapped by capsules, 100g of film forming agent, 50g of inorganic filler and 0.2g of wall breaking agent.
The fire extinguishing component of this example employs heptafluoropropane as the sole component.
The encapsulated fire extinguishing component is encapsulated according to a conventional capsule forming treatment method or the following steps:
adding a wall breaking agent into the mixed fire extinguishing components, fully and uniformly mixing the fire extinguishing components, adding the mixture into 500g of deionized water, stirring at a high speed to disperse the mixture into nano suspended particles, adding a polyurethane monomer to carry out chemical coating, solidifying for 10 hours, carrying out centrifugal separation on the prepared nano particles, and carrying out vacuum freeze drying to obtain 20-200 nm solid powder microcapsule
The film-forming agent of the embodiment is a combination of styrene-acrylic resin and epoxy resin; the inorganic filler is selected from talcum powder and alumina according to the weight ratio of 5: 1 in the proportion of 1.
The wall-breaking agent in this example was azobisisobutyronitrile.
The temperature control type capsule type nanometer fire extinguishing tablet of this embodiment can start the total submerged fire extinguishing to early fire, also can guarantee when the intensity of a fire expands that the component of putting out a fire is controlled to be released, realizes that the self-adaptation adjusts and puts out a fire, specifically does:
when the early fire temperature reaches 110 ℃, the azodiisobutyronitrile is heated and decomposed, and the released gas excites capsules of the capsule type nano fire extinguishing agent to break, so that fire extinguishing components are released, and temperature control type fire extinguishing is realized.
Example 3
The temperature control type capsule nano fire extinguishing tablet of the embodiment is prepared by uniformly stirring and coating all components of a capsule nano fire extinguishing agent on a flame-retardant film to prepare a fire extinguishing film.
The capsule type nano fire extinguishing agent of the embodiment is composed of 50g of fire extinguishing components wrapped by capsules, 10g of film forming agent, 0.5g of inorganic filler and 1g of wall breaking agent.
The fire extinguishing component of this example used perfluorohexanone and perfluoropropane in a 1: 1, and mixing the components in a ratio of 1.
The encapsulated fire extinguishing component is encapsulated according to a conventional capsule forming treatment method or the following steps:
adding a wall breaking agent into the mixed fire extinguishing components, fully and uniformly mixing the fire extinguishing components, adding the mixture into 100g of deionized water, stirring at a high speed to disperse the mixture into nano suspended particles, adding a polyurethane monomer to carry out chemical coating, solidifying for 8 hours, carrying out centrifugal separation on the prepared nano particles, and carrying out vacuum freeze drying to obtain 20-200 nm solid powder microcapsule
The film-forming agent of the embodiment is a combination of styrene-acrylic resin and epoxy resin; the inorganic filler is selected from talcum powder and alumina according to the weight ratio of 2.5: 1 in the proportion of 1.
The wall-breaking agent in this example was azobisisobutyronitrile.
The temperature control type capsule type nanometer fire extinguishing tablet of this embodiment can start the total submerged fire extinguishing to early fire, also can guarantee when the intensity of a fire expands that the component of putting out a fire is controlled to be released, realizes that the self-adaptation adjusts and puts out a fire, specifically does:
when the early fire temperature reaches 180 ℃, the azodiisobutyronitrile is heated and decomposed, and the released gas excites capsules of the capsule type nano fire extinguishing agent to break, so that fire extinguishing components are released, and temperature control type fire extinguishing is realized.
Example 4
The temperature control type capsule nano fire extinguishing tablet of the embodiment is prepared by uniformly stirring and mixing the components of the capsule nano fire extinguishing agent, and coating the mixture on the surface of a molding carrier, wherein the molding carrier is formed by laminating glass fiber fireproof cloth, adhesive glue and a protective film to form a strip shape.
The capsule type nano fire extinguishing agent of the embodiment is composed of 50g of fire extinguishing components wrapped by capsules, 10g of film forming agent, 0.5g of inorganic filler and 1g of wall breaking agent.
The fire extinguishing component of the embodiment is prepared from the five components of difluoro-monochloro-bromomethane, trifluoropropane, heptafluoropropane, perfluorobutanone and perfluoroheptane according to the weight ratio of 10: 1: 1: 1: 1, is prepared according to the proportion of 1.
The encapsulated fire extinguishing component is encapsulated according to a conventional capsule forming treatment method or the following steps:
adding a wall breaking agent into the mixed fire extinguishing components, fully and uniformly mixing the fire extinguishing components, adding the mixture into 500g of deionized water, stirring at a high speed to disperse the mixture into nano suspended particles, adding a polyurethane monomer to carry out chemical coating, solidifying for 10 hours, carrying out centrifugal separation on the prepared nano particles, and carrying out vacuum freeze drying to obtain 20-200 nm solid powder microcapsule
The film-forming agent of the embodiment is epoxy resin; the inorganic filler is selected from calcium carbonate and silicon dioxide according to the weight ratio of 2: 1 in the proportion of 1.
The wall breaking agent of this example was azodicarbonamide and sodium carbonate according to a 1: 1 in proportion.
The temperature control type capsule type nanometer fire extinguishing tablet of this embodiment can also guarantee the controlled release of fire extinguishing component when the intensity of a fire expands to realizing the total submerged fire extinguishing, realizes the self-adaptation and adjusts the fire extinguishing, specifically is:
when the temperature reaches about 280 ℃, azodicarbonamide and sodium carbonate are heated and decomposed, and released gas excites capsules of the capsule type nano fire extinguishing agent to break, so that fire extinguishing components are released, and temperature control type fire extinguishing is realized.
Example 5
The temperature control type capsule nano fire extinguishing tablet of the embodiment is prepared by uniformly stirring and coating all components of a capsule nano fire extinguishing agent on a flame-retardant film to prepare a fire extinguishing film.
The capsule type nano fire extinguishing agent of the embodiment is composed of 200g of fire extinguishing components wrapped by capsules, 100g of film forming agent, 50g of inorganic filler and 0.2g of wall breaking agent.
The fire extinguishing component of this example employs heptafluoropropane as the sole component.
The encapsulated fire extinguishing component is encapsulated according to a conventional capsule forming treatment method or the following steps:
adding a wall breaking agent into the mixed fire extinguishing components, fully and uniformly mixing the fire extinguishing components, adding the mixture into 500g of deionized water, stirring at a high speed to disperse the mixture into nano suspended particles, adding a polyurethane monomer to carry out chemical coating, solidifying for 10 hours, carrying out centrifugal separation on the prepared nano particles, and carrying out vacuum freeze drying to obtain 20-200 nm solid powder microcapsule
The film-forming agent of the embodiment is a combination of styrene-acrylic resin and epoxy resin; the inorganic filler is selected from talcum powder and alumina according to the weight ratio of 5: 1 in the proportion of 1.
The wall-breaking agent in this example was azobisisobutyronitrile.
The temperature control type capsule type nanometer fire extinguishing tablet of this embodiment can start the total submerged fire extinguishing to early fire, also can guarantee when the intensity of a fire expands that the component of putting out a fire is controlled to be released, realizes that the self-adaptation adjusts and puts out a fire, specifically does:
when the temperature reaches about 180 ℃, azodicarbonamide and sodium carbonate are heated and decomposed, and released gas excites capsules of the capsule type nano fire extinguishing agent to break, so that fire extinguishing components are released, and temperature control type fire extinguishing is realized.
Example 6
The temperature control type capsule nano fire extinguishing tablet of the embodiment is prepared by uniformly stirring and coating all components of a capsule nano fire extinguishing agent on a flame-retardant film to prepare a fire extinguishing film.
The capsule type nano fire extinguishing agent of the embodiment is composed of 100g of fire extinguishing components wrapped by capsules, 25g of film forming agent, 30g of inorganic filler and 1g of wall breaking agent.
The fire extinguishing component of the embodiment is prepared by mixing perfluorohexanone, perfluoropropane, perfluorobutane, perfluoropentane, perfluorohexane, perfluoroheptane and perfluorooctane according to equal proportion.
The encapsulated fire extinguishing component is encapsulated according to a conventional capsule forming treatment method or the following steps:
adding a wall breaking agent into the mixed fire extinguishing components, fully and uniformly mixing the fire extinguishing components, adding the mixture into 500g of deionized water, stirring at a high speed to disperse the mixture into nano suspended particles, adding a polyurethane monomer to carry out chemical coating, solidifying for 8 hours, carrying out centrifugal separation on the prepared nano particles, and carrying out vacuum freeze drying to obtain 20-200 nm solid powder microcapsule
The film-forming agent of the embodiment is a combination of styrene-acrylic resin and epoxy resin; the inorganic filler is selected from talcum powder and alumina according to the weight ratio of 5: 1 in the proportion of 1.
The wall breaking agent of this example was azobisisobutyronitrile and potassium carbonate according to a 1: 2, and mixing the components in a ratio of 2.
The temperature control type capsule type nanometer fire extinguishing tablet of this embodiment can start the total submerged fire extinguishing to early fire, also can guarantee when the intensity of a fire expands that the component of putting out a fire is controlled to be released, realizes that the self-adaptation adjusts and puts out a fire, specifically does:
when the temperature reaches about 250 ℃, azodicarbonamide and sodium carbonate are heated and decomposed, and released gas excites capsules of the capsule type nano fire extinguishing agent to break, so that fire extinguishing components are released, and temperature control type fire extinguishing is realized.
The invention has the advantages that the early fire start fire extinguishing is realized, and the capsule rupture temperature of the capsule type nano fire extinguishing agent is gradually reduced within the range of 110-280 ℃ along with the increase of the addition amount of the wall breaking agent, so that the temperature control fire extinguishing is realized.
Through tests, the detection results of the temperature-controlled capsule type nano fire extinguishing tablet of the embodiment 1 are shown in the following table.
The detection results in the table show that the temperature control type capsule type nanometer fire extinguishing tablet has good stability, can be normally used in a limit storage environment, has the storage life of 10 years, does not need maintenance or overhaul, has high fire extinguishing efficiency and quick response, can sense the fire condition in a short time, stimulate the fire extinguishing component to be controlled and released, keep the release speed and the fire extinguishing intensity of the fire extinguishing component, realize self-adaptive adjustment and fire extinguishing, and further reduce fire damage.
Claims (10)
1. A temperature-control type nanocapsule fire extinguishing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the fire source temperature is induced by the wall breaking agent, when the fire temperature reaches the decomposition temperature of the wall breaking agent, the wall breaking agent is heated to decompose and absorb heat or release heat and release gas substances at the same time, the capsule rupture temperature of the capsule type nano fire extinguishing agent is interfered, fire extinguishing components coated in the capsule are released in a controlled manner, and temperature control type fire extinguishing is realized.
2. The temperature-controlled nanocapsule fire extinguishing method of claim 1, wherein the wall-breaking agent is an azo compound or a combination of an azo compound and a carbonate compound; the azo compound is azobisisobutyronitrile or azodicarbonamide; the carbonate compound is sodium bicarbonate or potassium bicarbonate.
3. The temperature-controlled nanocapsule fire-extinguishing method according to claim 1, wherein the capsule rupture temperature of the encapsulated nanocapsule fire-extinguishing agent is disturbed to allow controlled release of fire-extinguishing components encapsulated in the capsule, specifically:
the addition amount of the wall-breaking agent is adjusted to be within the range of 0.1-2% of the mass of the fire extinguishing component, the capsule rupture temperature of the capsule type nano fire extinguishing agent is gradually reduced within the range of 110-280 ℃ along with the increase of the addition amount of the wall-breaking agent, and the capsule rupture temperature of the capsule type nano fire extinguishing agent is disturbed by adjusting the addition amount of the wall-breaking agent, so that temperature-controlled fire extinguishing is realized.
4. The temperature-controlled nanocapsule fire-extinguishing method according to claim 3, wherein the capsule rupture temperature of the encapsulated nanocapsule fire-extinguishing agent is disturbed to allow controlled release of fire-extinguishing components encapsulated in the capsule, specifically:
adjusting the addition amount of the azodiisobutyronitrile to be 0.1% -2% of the fire extinguishing component, wherein the capsule rupture temperature of the capsule type nano fire extinguishing agent is lower within the range of 110-180 ℃ along with the increase of the addition amount of the azodiisobutyronitrile;
adjusting the addition amount of azodicarbonamide and carbonate compound or azodicarbonamide as a wall breaking agent to be 0.1-2% of the fire extinguishing component, and gradually reducing the capsule rupture temperature of the capsule type nano fire extinguishing agent within the range of 180-280 ℃ along with the increase of the addition amount of the wall breaking agent so as to realize temperature control fire extinguishing.
5. A temperature-controlled capsule-type nano fire extinguishing tablet for realizing the temperature-controlled fire extinguishing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the capsule type nanometer fire extinguishing agent comprises 50-200 parts of capsule-wrapped fire extinguishing components and a wall breaking agent, wherein the mass of the wall breaking agent is 0.1-2% of that of the capsule-wrapped fire extinguishing components.
6. The temperature-controlled capsule-type nano fire extinguishing tablet according to claim 5, wherein: the temperature control type capsule type nano fire extinguishing tablet further comprises a film forming agent and an inorganic filler, wherein the film forming agent accounts for 15-100 parts, and the inorganic filler accounts for 0.5-50 parts.
7. The temperature-controlled capsule-type nano fire extinguishing tablet according to claim 6, wherein: the capsule type nano fire extinguishing agent is mixed with a film forming agent and an inorganic filler and then coated on the surface of a forming carrier, so that the prepared temperature control type capsule type nano fire extinguishing tablet is in a shape of a rubber belt, a strip, a film or a patch.
8. The temperature-controlled capsule-type nano fire extinguishing tablet according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein: the wall breaking agent is an azo compound or a composition of the azo compound and a carbonate compound; the azo compound is azobisisobutyronitrile or azodicarbonamide; the carbonate compound is sodium bicarbonate or potassium bicarbonate.
9. The temperature-control capsule-type nano fire extinguishing sheet according to claim 8, wherein the encapsulated fire extinguishing component is any one or more of difluorodibromomethane, difluoromonochloromonobromomethane, trifluoromonobromomethane, tetrafluorodibromoethane, trifluoropropane, hexafluoropropane, heptafluoropropane, perfluoroacetone, perfluorobutanone, perfluoropentanone, perfluorohexanone, perfluoropropane, perfluorobutane, perfluoropentane, perfluorohexane, perfluoroheptane, perfluorooctane;
the film forming agent is one or any combination of acrylic resin, epoxy resin and polyurethane;
the inorganic filler is one or any combination of nano crushed silicon dioxide, talcum powder, calcium carbonate, silicon dioxide, alumina and aluminum hydroxide.
10. The temperature-controlled capsule-type nano fire extinguishing tablet according to claim 9, wherein: the temperature control type capsule type nano fire extinguishing tablet further comprises pigment, and the pigment accounts for 0-2% of the mass of the capsule type nano fire extinguishing agent.
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