CN113679996A - High-ammonium-polyphosphate-based forest dry powder extinguishing agent and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-ammonium-polyphosphate-based forest dry powder extinguishing agent and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113679996A CN113679996A CN202110944363.0A CN202110944363A CN113679996A CN 113679996 A CN113679996 A CN 113679996A CN 202110944363 A CN202110944363 A CN 202110944363A CN 113679996 A CN113679996 A CN 113679996A
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- ammonium polyphosphate
- extinguishing agent
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0007—Solid extinguishing substances
- A62D1/0014—Powders; Granules
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/06—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires containing gas-producing, chemically-reactive components
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of forest fire extinguishing, and provides a high-ammonium polyphosphate-based forest dry powder extinguishing agent, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: ammonium polyphosphate, melamine cyanurate with the mass of 10-30% of ammonium polyphosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate with the mass of 5-20% of ammonium polyphosphate, graphite powder with the mass of 5-10% of ammonium polyphosphate, zinc borate with the mass of 3-12% of ammonium polyphosphate, silicone oil with the mass of 0.05-0.2% of ammonium polyphosphate, white carbon black with the mass of 0.005-0.1% of ammonium polyphosphate and quaternary ammonium salt with the mass of 0.001-0.5% of ammonium polyphosphate, wherein the ammonium polyphosphate is high ammonium polyphosphate, the phosphorus content is not less than 30%, the nitrogen content is not less than 14%, the polymerization degree is more than 100, and the particle size is less than 20 microns.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of forest fire fighting, in particular to a high-ammonium polyphosphate-based forest dry powder extinguishing agent and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Forest fires are a frequently occurring natural disaster phenomenon, and have strong burst property and large destructiveness. The occurrence of forest fire not only causes great loss to national forest resources and lives and properties of people, but also causes serious damage to the ecological environment, and the recovery period after the fire is over takes ten years or even hundreds of years. In order to control and suppress forest fires, fire suppression technologies are constantly being developed and improved in various countries around the world.
In actual fire extinguishing, large water drops are sprayed on combustible substances which are being combusted, so that the method is an effective way for extinguishing forest fires and is a forest fire-fighting strategy commonly used in forest areas. When a forest fire is extinguished, the optimal fire extinguishing effect can be achieved only by extinguishing the flame of combustible materials in a unit area with 1-2.5 times of water.
In many hills, mountains and plateaus with complex terrains and fluctuating terrains, once a forest fire occurs, forest firefighters are difficult to reach a fire scene in time and sometimes even can not reach the fire scene. The aerial fire-extinguishing airplane has the aerial advantages of high speed, no terrain limitation and the like, and can directly fly to a fire scene to carry out water-carrying fire extinguishing. The fire extinguishing by water has good effect on coping with ditch and pond fire, bush fire, grassland fire and tree crown fire, but has unsatisfactory fire extinguishing effect due to the blockage of the tree crown when coping with forest surface fire. At present, chemical fire extinguishing agents for forests generally comprise main agents, auxiliary agents, thickening agents, wetting agents, preservatives, coloring agents and other components, contain a large amount of water, are mainly used for physical fire extinguishing, and have limited fire extinguishing effect.
The fire extinguishing agents commonly used at present can be divided into two categories according to the fire extinguishing mechanism: chemical fire extinguishing and physical fire extinguishing. Chemical fire extinguishing adopts the chemical inhibition effect when chemical substances meet with flames to capture combustion free radicals, block combustion chain reaction and extinguish the flames, so that the fire extinguishing speed is high and the fire extinguishing efficiency is high. Physical fire extinguishing adopts suffocation fire extinguishing, so that fire cannot be extinguished due to combustion oxygen, and therefore, the fire extinguishing speed is low and the efficiency is low. But the physical fire extinguishing mode has unique effect on extinguishing flameless combustion (smoldering) of combustible solid and preventing re-combustion of combustible liquid.
The first dry powder fire extinguishing agents developed in the united states based on sodium bicarbonate have been developed to date to form a variety of products. Class ABC: an ammonium phosphate salt; class BC: sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, and the like; and D type: graphite fire extinguishing agents, and the like. The dry powder extinguishing agent has excellent extinguishing rate and efficiency. The dry powder extinguishing speed is 2.5 times of that of alkyl halide, 4 times of that of carbon dioxide, 20 times of that of foam and 40 times of that of water.
The existing products in China at present mainly comprise the following substances capable of playing a role in extinguishing fire: ammonium phosphate salts, ammonium carbonate salts, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and the like. The content of fire extinguishing components of the common dry powder fire extinguishing agent is strictly regulated in national standard, the content of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate is more than or equal to 75 percent, and the content of sodium bicarbonate is more than or equal to 82 percent.
Superfine dryerThe powder extinguishing agent is an ABC superfine powder extinguishing agent which takes a polymeric material as an extinguishing component besides the substance components, and mainly comprises an active extinguishing component, a crushing assistant component, a hydrophobic component, an inert filler component and the like. The fire extinguishing component is the core of the superfine dry powder fire extinguishing agent. The superfine dry powder extinguishing agent organically combines the advantages of chemical extinguishing and physical extinguishing, has the functions of chemical inhibition of flame combustion, suffocation of flameless combustion and shielding and cooling of heat radiation, and is a centralized embodiment of the characteristics of the extinguishing agent. The content of fire extinguishing components is not regulated by related industry standards, but the fire extinguishing efficiency index is strictly regulated to be less than or equal to 150g/m3。
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects that the existing superfine dry powder extinguishing agent contains a large amount of fine particles, is dispersed for extinguishing fire and is insufficient in covering capacity when used for extinguishing forest fires, the synergistic effect of various flame retardant components is comprehensively utilized, and the high-ammonium-polyphosphate-based forest dry powder extinguishing agent and the preparation method thereof are provided.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a forest dry powder extinguishing agent based on high ammonium polyphosphate comprises the following components: ammonium polyphosphate, melamine cyanurate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, graphite powder, zinc borate, silicone oil, white carbon black and quaternary ammonium salt.
Further, the ammonium polyphosphate is high ammonium polyphosphate, the phosphorus content is more than or equal to 30%, the nitrogen content is more than or equal to 14%, the polymerization degree is more than 100, and the particle size is less than 20 microns.
Furthermore, the nitrogen content of the melamine cyanurate is more than or equal to 49 percent, the average particle size is less than 5 mu m, and the dosage is 10 to 30 percent of the mass of the ammonium polyphosphate.
Furthermore, the content of phosphorus pentoxide in the diammonium hydrogen phosphate is more than or equal to 50 percent, the content of nitrogen is more than or equal to 21 percent, the average particle size is less than 150 mu m, and the dosage of the phosphorus pentoxide is 5 to 20 percent of the mass of the ammonium polyphosphate.
Further, the graphite powder is expandable graphite with the granularity of 50-100 meshes, the expansion rate of 150-350 times, and the using amount of the graphite powder is 5-10% of the mass of ammonium polyphosphate; the white carbon black is one of precipitated white carbon black and gas-phase white carbon black, preferably gas-phase white carbon black, and the using amount of the white carbon black is 0.005-0.1 percent of the mass of ammonium polyphosphate; the quaternary ammonium salt is one or more of dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, octadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, and the dosage of the quaternary ammonium salt is 0.001-0.5 percent of the mass of the high-ammonium polyphosphate.
Furthermore, the zinc borate contains 42-44% of zinc oxide, 52-56% of boron trioxide and 2-8 μm of particle size, and the dosage of the zinc borate is 3-12% of the mass of ammonium polyphosphate.
Furthermore, the silicone oil is one or more of methyl silicone oil, ethyl silicone oil, methyl hydrogen silicone oil, ethyl hydrogen silicone oil, methyl trifluoro propyl silicone oil, methyl vinyl silicone oil and methyl hydroxyl silicone oil, preferably methyl trifluoro propyl silicone oil, and the dosage of the methyl trifluoro propyl silicone oil is 0.05-0.2 percent of the mass of the ammonium polyphosphate.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-ammonium polyphosphate-based forest dry powder extinguishing agent, which comprises the steps of adding ammonium polyphosphate, melamine cyanurate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, graphite powder, zinc borate, silicone oil, white carbon black and quaternary ammonium salt into a three-dimensional mixer, and uniformly mixing; after drying, airflow crushing; and sieving to obtain the forest fire extinguishing agent.
Further, the drying conditions are as follows: the drying temperature is 80-200 ℃, and the drying time is 4-24 h.
Furthermore, the screening is to screen the dried fire extinguishing agent through a 300-mesh screen and take undersize.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the quaternary ammonium salt is adsorbed on the surfaces of ammonium polyphosphate, melamine cyanurate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, zinc borate and graphite powder, and the hydrophobic components of the dry powder extinguishing agent are formed by utilizing the silicone oil and the white carbon black together, so that a superposed water repelling field is formed around the extinguishing agent particles, the drying of the extinguishing agent is kept, and the fluidity of the extinguishing agent is increased. The composite fire extinguishing agent particles with the particle size of less than 20 microns are obtained by airflow crushing control, and have the functions of strong suffocation surface combustion, shielding and cooling heat radiation of the superfine dry powder fire extinguishing agent; the expandable graphite has a flaky structure, so that on one hand, the fire extinguishing agent is prevented from vibrating and agglomerating in the storage process, on the other hand, the expandable graphite can quickly absorb heat and decompose to generate a large amount of gas when heated to a certain temperature, so that the graphite expands to be worm-shaped, the volume expansion is 200-fold and 350-fold, the combustible is blocked from oxygen by thermal expansion, meanwhile, free radicals are consumed, and flame propagation is inhibited; the high ammonium polyphosphate absorbs heat through thermal decomposition, releases ammonia, water and phosphoric acid, and is flame-retardant in a synergistic manner; the quaternary ammonium salt has the function of quickly consuming free radicals, and can interrupt chain reaction in the combustion process, thereby improving the fire extinguishing efficiency of the dry powder extinguishing agent.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments in order to make the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art.
Example 1:
adding 100kg of high ammonium polyphosphate, 10kg of melamine cyanurate, 10kg of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 5kg of graphite powder, 3kg of zinc borate, 0.1kg of methyl trifluoropropyl silicone oil, 0.05kg of white carbon black and 0.05kg of dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide into a 500L three-dimensional mixer, and stirring for 3 hours; putting the materials into a 120 ℃ forced air drying oven for drying for 24 hours; and (4) after being crushed by the jet mill, screening by a 300-mesh sieve to obtain the forest fire extinguishing agent.
Example 2:
adding 100kg of high ammonium polyphosphate, 20kg of melamine cyanurate, 5kg of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 8kg of graphite powder, 6kg of zinc borate, 0.2kg of methyl silicone oil, 0.1kg of white carbon black and 0.05kg of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide into a 500L three-dimensional mixer, and stirring for 4 hours; putting the materials into a 180 ℃ blast drying oven for drying for 12 hours; and (4) after being crushed by the jet mill, screening by a 300-mesh sieve to obtain the forest fire extinguishing agent.
The forest fire extinguishing agents prepared in examples 1 and 2 were subjected to the performance test of the present invention, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 forest fire extinguishing agent test results
It can be seen that the forest fire extinguishing agent prepared by the invention meets the requirements of GA578-2005 superfine dry powder fire extinguishing agent in the aspects of fire extinguishing performance, hydrophobic performance (penetration, moisture absorption rate, water repellency), fluidity and the like compared with the standard.
Having described embodiments of the present invention, the foregoing description is intended to be exemplary, not exhaustive, and not limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A forest dry powder fire extinguishing agent based on high ammonium polyphosphate is characterized by comprising the following components: ammonium polyphosphate, melamine cyanurate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, graphite powder, zinc borate, silicone oil, white carbon black and quaternary ammonium salt.
2. A high ammonium polyphosphate based forest dry powder fire extinguishing agent as claimed in claim 1 wherein the ammonium polyphosphate is a high ammonium polyphosphate, having a phosphorus content of 30% or more, a nitrogen content of 14% or more, a degree of polymerization of more than 100 and a particle size of less than 20 μm.
3. A high ammonium polyphosphate based forest dry powder fire extinguishing agent as claimed in claim 1, wherein the melamine cyanurate nitrogen content is greater than or equal to 49% and has an average particle size less than 5 μm, used at a level of 10% to 30% by weight of ammonium polyphosphate.
4. A high ammonium polyphosphate-based forest dry powder fire extinguishing agent as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ammonium hydrogen phosphate has a phosphorus pentoxide content of 50% or more, a nitrogen content of 21% or more, an average particle size of less than 150 μm, and is used in an amount of 5% to 20% by mass of ammonium polyphosphate.
5. A high ammonium polyphosphate based forest dry powder fire extinguishing agent as claimed in claim 1,
the graphite powder is expandable graphite with the granularity of 50-100 meshes, the expansion rate of 150-350 times, and the using amount of 5-10% of the mass of ammonium polyphosphate;
the white carbon black is one of precipitated white carbon black and gas-phase white carbon black, and the using amount of the white carbon black is 0.005-0.1 percent of the mass of ammonium polyphosphate;
the quaternary ammonium salt is one or more of dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, octadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, and the dosage of the quaternary ammonium salt is 0.001-0.5 percent of the mass of the high-ammonium polyphosphate.
6. A high ammonium polyphosphate-based forest dry powder fire extinguishing agent as claimed in claim 1, wherein the zinc borate has a zinc oxide content of 42-44%, a diboron trioxide content of 52-56% and a particle size of 2-8 μm, and the amount of zinc borate is 3-12% by mass of the ammonium polyphosphate.
7. A forest dry powder fire extinguishing agent based on high ammonium polyphosphate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the silicone oil is one or more of methyl silicone oil, ethyl silicone oil, methyl hydrogen silicone oil, ethyl hydrogen silicone oil, methyl trifluoro propyl silicone oil, methyl vinyl silicone oil and methyl hydroxy silicone oil, and the amount is 0.05-0.2% of the mass of the ammonium polyphosphate.
8. The method for preparing the high ammonium polyphosphate-based forest dry powder extinguishing agent according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the ammonium polyphosphate, melamine cyanurate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, graphite powder, zinc borate, silicone oil, white carbon black and quaternary ammonium salt are added into a three-dimensional mixer and mixed uniformly; after drying, airflow crushing; and sieving to obtain the forest fire extinguishing agent.
9. The method for preparing the high ammonium polyphosphate-based forest dry powder extinguishing agent according to claim 8, wherein the drying conditions are as follows: the drying temperature is 80-200 ℃, and the drying time is 4-24 h.
10. The method for preparing the high ammonium polyphosphate-based forest dry powder extinguishing agent according to claim 8, wherein the screening is to screen the dried extinguishing agent through a 300-mesh screen and take undersize.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN115159487A (en) * | 2022-08-05 | 2022-10-11 | 重庆消防安全技术研究服务有限责任公司 | Method for preparing ammonium polyphosphate by using waste dry powder extinguishing agent |
| CN115521634A (en) * | 2022-10-15 | 2022-12-27 | 温州市和沐环保科技有限公司 | Regenerated flame-retardant plastic particle and processing technology thereof |
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| CN115521634A (en) * | 2022-10-15 | 2022-12-27 | 温州市和沐环保科技有限公司 | Regenerated flame-retardant plastic particle and processing technology thereof |
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