CN112032233A - High-specific energy-absorbing bionic composite material structure and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
High-specific energy-absorbing bionic composite material structure and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112032233A CN112032233A CN202010824885.2A CN202010824885A CN112032233A CN 112032233 A CN112032233 A CN 112032233A CN 202010824885 A CN202010824885 A CN 202010824885A CN 112032233 A CN112032233 A CN 112032233A
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- regular hexagon
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- energy absorption
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F7/00—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
- F16F7/003—One-shot shock absorbers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
- B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C70/44—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding
- B29C70/446—Moulding structures having an axis of symmetry or at least one channel, e.g. tubular structures, frames
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
- B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
- B60R19/18—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects characterised by the cross-section; Means within the bumper to absorb impact
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F2224/00—Materials; Material properties
- F16F2224/02—Materials; Material properties solids
- F16F2224/0241—Fibre-reinforced plastics [FRP]
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
Abstract
A bionic composite material structure with high specific energy absorption and a manufacturing method thereof are disclosed, the structure comprises a regular hexagon outer tube, a regular hexagon inner tube, rib plates and round tubes, the regular hexagon outer tube and the regular hexagon inner tube are connected through the rib plates, the top points of the regular hexagon outer tube and the regular hexagon inner tube are connected in a round tube structure mode, a compact spider web structure is integrally formed, the stability is high, and the whole structure cannot fail due to local damage; the regular hexagon outer pipe, the regular hexagon inner pipe, the ribbed plates and the round pipe are made of carbon fiber resin matrix composite materials; the manufacturing method is prepared by using the combined die and the vacuum bag forming process, and the energy absorption efficiency of the energy absorption tube can be greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of composite material energy absorption devices, in particular to a bionic composite material structure capable of absorbing energy at a high ratio and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The collision energy-absorbing device can greatly improve the passive protection capability of automobiles and rail vehicles and the crash resistance capability of helicopters and aerospace aircrafts, and plays an important role in protecting the life safety and property safety. For example, the bumper assembly of an automobile mainly comprises an anti-collision beam, an energy absorption pipe, a connecting plate and the like, is connected to an automobile body through bolts, is convenient to disassemble and is favorable for maintenance, plays a main protection role for the automobile in low-speed collision, and absorbs most of energy in the low-speed collision.
At present, an automobile energy absorption pipe is mainly made of a metal thin-wall pipe fitting, in the collision process, the energy absorption pipe mainly absorbs impact kinetic energy in vehicle collision by means of self plastic deformation, but the energy absorption efficiency of a common round metal thin-wall pipe fitting is low, namely the energy absorption value is smaller than that of the common round metal thin-wall pipe fitting.
The carbon fiber resin matrix composite material has the advantages of high specific strength, large specific modulus, corrosion resistance, easiness in processing, good designability and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, rail transit, energy and the like.
At present, no document of a bionic multi-cell energy absorption tube structure based on a carbon fiber resin matrix composite material is disclosed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a bionic composite material structure with high specific energy absorption and a manufacturing method thereof, which can greatly improve the energy absorption efficiency of an energy absorption pipe.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the utility model provides a bionic composite structure of high ratio energy-absorbing, includes four parts of regular hexagon outer tube 1, regular hexagon inner tube 2, floor 3 and pipe 4, and regular hexagon outer tube 1 and regular hexagon inner tube 2 pass through floor 3 to be connected, and the summit junction of regular hexagon outer tube 1, regular hexagon inner tube 2 adopts the structural style of pipe 4, and the whole spider web structure that forms fine and close that forms.
The regular hexagon outer pipe 1, the regular hexagon inner pipe 2, the ribbed plates 3 and the round pipe 4 are made of the same fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material or two different fiber reinforced resin matrix composite materials.
The geometric dimension of the cross section configuration of the bionic composite material structure conforms to the following formula:
L1＝2L2＝2L，L＞D
wherein L is1The central distance L of the two round tubes 4 on the edge of the regular hexagon outer tube 12The distance between the centers of the two round tubes 4 on the edge of the regular hexagon inner tube 2, L is the distance between the centers of the two round tubes 4 on the ribbed plate 3, and D is the diameter of the round tube 4.
The height H of the bionic composite material structure is selected according to the actual energy absorption requirement.
The manufacturing method of the bionic composite material structure with high specific energy absorption is prepared by utilizing a combined die and a vacuum bag forming process, and specifically comprises the steps of firstly utilizing a 3D printing technology or a machining mode to manufacture a die, and cutting a carbon fiber prepreg tape according to a preset design to obtain carbon fiber prepreg tapes to be wound at different angles; and then winding the carbon fiber prepreg tape on the surface of a mould, closing the moulds wound with the carbon fiber prepreg tape, curing by adopting a vacuum bag forming process, and demoulding the cured product to obtain the bionic composite material structure with high specific energy absorption.
The structural characteristic parameters influencing the energy absorption effect of the bionic composite material structure are as follows: laying angle of the carbon fiber prepreg; the number of layers of the carbon fiber prepreg is the thickness of the bionic composite material structure; the center distance of the two round tubes 4 on the edge of the regular hexagon inner tube 2 and the diameter of the round tube 4.
The vacuum bag forming process comprises the steps of heating from room temperature to 80 ℃ at a heating rate of 0.5-1 ℃/min, preserving heat for 60min, heating to 120 ℃ at a heating rate of 0.5-1 ℃/min, preserving heat for 90min at 120 ℃, naturally cooling to room temperature, demoulding, and keeping the vacuum pressure not less than 0.8bar in the curing process.
The winding is to continuously wrap the fiber reinforced prepreg tapes with different angles on the outer surfaces of the dies with different shapes layer by layer in a circumferential direction for a plurality of circles.
The fiber reinforced prepreg tape is a series of fiber reinforced composite materials such as carbon fiber reinforced composite material (CFRP), glass fiber reinforced composite material (GFRP), aramid fiber reinforced composite material (AFRP), basalt fiber reinforced composite material (BFRP), hybrid fiber reinforced composite material (HFRP) and the like.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention starts from the practical engineering angles of high-efficiency energy absorption characteristic, light structure and the like, adopts the carbon fiber resin matrix composite material as the energy absorption structure material, designs the layering angle and the layering thickness according to the damage characteristic of the composite material thin-wall member in the compression process, and adds the ribbed plates between the regular hexagon inner pipe and the regular hexagon outer pipe to ensure that the regular hexagon inner pipe and the regular hexagon outer pipe generate the synergistic action in the damage process, thereby realizing the progressive damage energy absorption.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the inventive structure.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method of making the structure of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a layering scheme of an embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a load-displacement curve of an embodiment.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
The geometric dimension of the cross section configuration of the bionic composite material structure conforms to the following formula:
L1＝2L2＝2L，L＞D
wherein L is1The central distance L of the two round tubes 4 on the edge of the regular hexagon outer tube 12The distance between the centers of the two round tubes 4 on the edge of the regular hexagon inner tube 2, L is the distance between the centers of the two round tubes 4 on the ribbed plate 3, and D is the diameter of the round tube 4.
The height H of the bionic composite material structure is selected according to the actual energy absorption requirement, the height H of the embodiment is 80mm, the wall thickness t is 1.5mm, and the central distance L of the two circular tubes 4 on the edge of the regular hexagonal outer tube 1132mm, the central distance L of the two round tubes 4 on the edge of the regular hexagon inner tube 22The diameter D of the round tube 4 is 8mm, and the central distance L between the two round tubes 4 on the rib plate 3 is 16 mm.
As shown in fig. 3, a method for manufacturing a bionic composite material structure with high specific energy absorption is manufactured by using a combined die and a vacuum bag forming process, specifically, firstly, a 3D printing technology or a machining mode is used for manufacturing a die, the die can be divided into three types, namely a type a, a type B and a type C according to different geometric shapes, and secondly, a carbon fiber prepreg tape is cut according to a preset design to obtain carbon fiber prepreg tapes to be wound at different angles; and then winding the carbon fiber prepreg tape on the surface of a mould, closing the moulds wound with the carbon fiber prepreg tape, curing by adopting a vacuum bag forming process, and demoulding the cured product to obtain the bionic composite material structure with high specific energy absorption. This embodiment requires three types of molds as shown in fig. 3, wherein 6 types of molds are required for the a type, 1 type of mold is required for the B type, and 12 types of molds are required for the C type.
The vacuum bag forming process comprises the steps of heating from room temperature to 80 ℃ at a heating rate of 0.5-1 ℃/min, preserving heat for 60min, heating to 120 ℃ at a heating rate of 0.5-1 ℃/min, preserving heat for 90min at 120 ℃, naturally cooling to room temperature, demoulding, and keeping the vacuum pressure not less than 0.8bar in the curing process.
In the embodiment, the T700 unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg is adopted, the single-layer thickness is 0.125mm, the tensile strength in the 0-degree direction is 2100-2400MPa, the tensile modulus in the 0-degree direction is 120-130GPa, the compressive strength in the 0-degree direction is 1000-1200MPa, the compressive modulus in the 0-degree direction is 120-130GPa, and the interlaminar shear strength in the 0-degree direction is 60-70 MPa.
The effective crushing displacement of the embodiment is set to be 50mm, the loading rate is 2mm/min, and indexes such as initial peak load (IPCF), Specific Energy Absorption (SEA), average crushing force (Pm), crushing force efficiency (CLE) and the like are selected as evaluation indexes of the energy absorption characteristics of the embodiment.
The examples comprise two sets of tests, as shown in FIG. 4, in which the ply order of the white areas in test 1 is [ + -45 °/+ -30 °/+ -15 ° ]]s, the sequence of layering of black area is [0 °]6(ii) a The ply order of the white area in test 2 was [ (+45 °)3(-45°)3]s, the sequence of layering of black area is [0 °]6The load-displacement curves for the two sets of tests are shown in figure 5.
As can be seen from fig. 5, the two sets of curves have substantially the same trend, and the load gradually increases to the initial peak load with increasing displacement, but the curves do not significantly decrease thereafter, and still fluctuate at a higher level, thereby absorbing more energy, which is different from the load-displacement curve of a typical composite energy absorption pipe. The energy absorption performance evaluation indexes of the examples are shown in table 1,
table 1: energy absorption Performance evaluation index of examples
As can be seen from the calculation results in Table 1, the initial peak load and the average crush load of test 1 are higher than those of test 2, which are the differences caused by the different ply angles of the white areas; the specific energy absorption of the test 1 is slightly higher than that of the test 2, but is greatly improved compared with that of a common round pipe (40.69J/g), and the specific energy absorption is respectively improved by 49.23 percent and 34.26 percent; in terms of crush force efficiency, test 1 was slightly higher than test 2, an improvement of 6.26%. Therefore, the present invention exhibits more excellent energy absorption characteristics than a general composite circular tube.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a bionic composite structure of high ratio energy-absorbing which characterized in that: the spider net comprises a regular hexagon outer pipe (1), a regular hexagon inner pipe (2), rib plates (3) and round pipes (4), wherein the regular hexagon outer pipe (1) and the regular hexagon inner pipe (2) are connected through the rib plates (3), the top points of the regular hexagon outer pipe (1) and the regular hexagon inner pipe (2) are connected through the round pipes (4), and a compact spider net structure is integrally formed.
2. The high specific energy absorbing biomimetic composite structure of claim 1, characterized in that: the regular hexagon outer pipe (1), the regular hexagon inner pipe (2), the ribbed plates (3) and the round pipe (4) are made of the same fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material or different fiber reinforced resin matrix composite materials.
3. The high specific energy absorbing biomimetic composite structure of claim 1, characterized in that: the geometric dimension of the cross section configuration of the bionic composite material structure conforms to the following formula:
L1＝2L2＝2L，L＞D
wherein L is1The central distance L of two round tubes (4) on the edge of the regular hexagon outer tube (1)2The distance between the centers of the two round tubes (4) on the edge of the regular hexagon inner tube (2), L is the distance between the centers of the two round tubes (4) on the rib plate (3), and D is the diameter of the round tube (4).
4. The high specific energy absorbing biomimetic composite structure of claim 1, characterized in that: the height H of the bionic composite material structure is selected according to the actual energy absorption requirement.
5. The method for manufacturing the bionic composite material structure with high specific energy absorption according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method is prepared by using a combined die and a vacuum bag forming process, and specifically comprises the steps of firstly manufacturing a die by using a 3D printing technology or a machining mode, and cutting a carbon fiber prepreg tape according to a preset design to obtain carbon fiber prepreg tapes to be wound at different angles; and then winding the carbon fiber prepreg tape on the surface of a mould, closing the moulds wound with the carbon fiber prepreg tape, curing by adopting a vacuum bag forming process, and demoulding the cured product to obtain the bionic composite material structure with high specific energy absorption.
6. The method for manufacturing the bionic composite material structure with high specific energy absorption according to claim 5 and claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the structural characteristic parameters influencing the energy absorption effect of the bionic composite material structure are as follows: laying angle of the carbon fiber prepreg; the number of layers of the carbon fiber prepreg is the thickness of the bionic composite material structure; the center distance between the two circular tubes (4) on the edge of the regular hexagon inner tube (2) and the diameter of the circular tube (4).
7. The method for manufacturing the bionic composite material structure with high specific energy absorption according to claim 5 and claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the vacuum bag forming process comprises the steps of heating from room temperature to 80 ℃ at a heating rate of 0.5-1 ℃/min, preserving heat for 60min, heating to 120 ℃ at a heating rate of 0.5-1 ℃/min, preserving heat for 90min at 120 ℃, naturally cooling to room temperature, demoulding, and keeping the vacuum pressure not less than 0.8bar in the curing process.
8. The method for manufacturing the bionic composite material structure with high specific energy absorption according to claim 5 and claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the winding is to continuously wrap the fiber reinforced prepreg tapes with different angles on the outer surfaces of the dies with different shapes layer by layer in a circumferential direction for a plurality of circles.
9. The method for manufacturing the bionic composite material structure with high specific energy absorption according to claim 5 and claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the fiber prepreg tape is a carbon fiber reinforced Composite (CFRP), a glass fiber reinforced composite (GFRP), an aramid fiber reinforced composite (AFRP), a basalt fiber reinforced composite (BFRP) and a hybrid fiber reinforced composite (HFRP) series fiber reinforced composite.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114379488A (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2022-04-22 | 中南大学 | Bionic gradient multi-stage tubular structure |
| CN115289161A (en) * | 2022-10-08 | 2022-11-04 | 吉林大学 | Novel bionic energy absorption tube structure based on beetle coleoptera characteristics |
| CN115618665A (en) * | 2022-07-11 | 2023-01-17 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Bionic spider web lattice structure design and energy absorption method thereof |
| CN117087287A (en) * | 2023-07-28 | 2023-11-21 | 西北工业大学 | 4D printing reusable composite material energy absorption structure and preparation and reuse method |
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| CN115618665A (en) * | 2022-07-11 | 2023-01-17 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Bionic spider web lattice structure design and energy absorption method thereof |
| CN115289161A (en) * | 2022-10-08 | 2022-11-04 | 吉林大学 | Novel bionic energy absorption tube structure based on beetle coleoptera characteristics |
| CN117087287A (en) * | 2023-07-28 | 2023-11-21 | 西北工业大学 | 4D printing reusable composite material energy absorption structure and preparation and reuse method |
| CN117087287B (en) * | 2023-07-28 | 2024-06-11 | 西北工业大学 | 4D printing reusable composite material energy absorption structure and preparation and reuse method |
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Application publication date: 20201204 |