CN108583485B - Multi-cell metal-based carbon fiber composite thin-wall energy absorption structure and preparation process thereof - Google Patents
Multi-cell metal-based carbon fiber composite thin-wall energy absorption structure and preparation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108583485B CN108583485B CN201810515236.7A CN201810515236A CN108583485B CN 108583485 B CN108583485 B CN 108583485B CN 201810515236 A CN201810515236 A CN 201810515236A CN 108583485 B CN108583485 B CN 108583485B
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- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 227
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 227
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 225
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 175
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 175
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006082 mold release agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011208 reinforced composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- WSNMPAVSZJSIMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N COc1c(C)c2COC(=O)c2c(O)c1CC(O)C1(C)CCC(=O)O1 Chemical compound COc1c(C)c2COC(=O)c2c(O)c1CC(O)C1(C)CCC(=O)O1 WSNMPAVSZJSIMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
- B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
- B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
- B60R19/03—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects characterised by material, e.g. composite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
- B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
- B60R19/24—Arrangements for mounting bumpers on vehicles
- B60R19/26—Arrangements for mounting bumpers on vehicles comprising yieldable mounting means
- B60R19/34—Arrangements for mounting bumpers on vehicles comprising yieldable mounting means destroyed upon impact, e.g. one-shot type
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a multi-cell metal-based carbon fiber composite thin-wall energy absorbing structure and a preparation process thereof. The structure related by the invention has the advantages of larger energy absorption, strong deformation coordination and guiding performance, flexible design scheme and the like, can reduce the weight of the energy absorption structure, can improve the collision safety of the energy absorption structure, and effectively realizes the safety and light weight of the automobile. The preparation process has the advantages of few processing steps and short processing time, and is suitable for batch production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the related fields of automobile manufacturing, automobile collision safety and the like, in particular to a multi-cell metal-based carbon fiber composite thin-wall automobile collision-resistant energy-absorbing structure and a preparation process thereof.
Background
The light weight design and the collision safety are two permanent targets pursued by the automobile industry, and the energy absorption structure of the automobile has the characteristics of enough specific energy absorption capacity and light weight so as to achieve the targets of energy conservation and emission reduction, so that the structural design is particularly important in the automobile industry. The anti-collision energy-absorbing structure of the automobile is mainly an energy-absorbing box connected to the upper surface of a front anti-collision beam of the automobile, and most of materials of the anti-collision energy-absorbing structure are made of single metal ductile materials at present, and the structural size is optimized based on the same materials; the invention patent with the publication number of CN103878554B discloses a processing method of a gradient distributed thin-wall energy-absorbing structure, wherein a TRB plate is adopted to realize thickness gradient processing, and the thickness change of the energy-absorbing structure along the axial direction is optimized to achieve the optimal specific energy-absorbing value; the patent of CN105398099B discloses an all-metal gradient honeycomb composite structure, which is optimized to achieve the best energy absorbing effect and the lightest weight by optimizing the wall thickness of each hexagonal cell along the z-axis direction. The energy absorbing structure made of the ductile metal material has many advantages such as strong deformation coordination and guiding property, easy manufacture, low cost and the like, but the ductile metal material has a certain limit effect on the further lightweight design of automobiles and the improvement of collision safety due to the defects of high density, limited energy absorbing effect and the like.
Currently, emerging composite materials have the advantage of not being available with ductile metals. For example, thermosetting carbon fiber reinforced composite materials are widely used in the fields of aerospace and automobiles due to the advantages of low density, high strength and the like. The carbon fiber energy absorption structure has higher specific energy absorption because of the manufacturing methods of layering and bonding, and mutual friction and mutual extrusion inside materials are easier to occur in the process of crushing the structure. The invention patent with the publication number of CN104842593B discloses a preparation method of a carbon fiber honeycomb structure with a plurality of honeycomb sub-pieces in a continuous semi-hexagonal shape, adopts a mode of laminating, stacking and hot pressing to prepare an all-carbon fiber core material, overcomes the complex process of re-bonding of a single pultrusion molding piece, and provides a simple and feasible preparation method of the carbon fiber honeycomb core material. However, due to the deformation compatibility and guiding properties of the energy absorbing structure made of all carbon fiber material, the energy absorbing structure made of ductile metal is low. When the anti-collision thin-wall energy-absorbing structure for the automobile is designed, if the advantages of ductile metal and the advantages of carbon fiber are combined, the metal-based carbon fiber multi-cell structure is prepared, the anti-collision structure with larger specific energy absorption can be obtained, the impact toughness is improved, and the advantages of light weight and collision safety of the automobile can be further considered and improved.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the technical problems, the multi-cell metal-based carbon fiber composite thin-wall energy absorbing structure and the preparation process thereof are provided. The invention mainly utilizes the structural form of matching and combining the metal or metal-based carbon fiber composite outer tube and the plurality of carbon fibers or metal-based carbon fiber composite inner tubes, wherein the inner tubes are mutually connected into a multi-cell structure in a bonding or metal bracket supporting mode and then are connected with the inner wall of the outer tube, and different parameters are configured according to the energy absorption requirement of automobile collision, so that the invention has the advantages of different energy absorption effects, light structure, strong deformation coordination and guidance, flexible design scheme and the like.
The invention adopts the following technical means:
the multi-cell metal-based carbon fiber composite thin-wall energy absorbing structure is characterized in that the energy absorbing structure mainly comprises an outer tube formed by a metal tube or a metal-based carbon fiber composite tube and an inner tube formed by a plurality of carbon fiber tubes or metal-based carbon fiber composite tubes, wherein the outer tube is nested and wrapped with the inner tube in a structure mode, the outer walls of the inner tubes are mutually connected into a multi-cell structure in a bonding or metal support supporting mode, and the multi-cell structure is connected with the inner wall of the outer tube through bonding.
Further, the materials of the inner tube and the outer tube of the energy absorption structure, the number, the cross-section shape, the size and the arrangement mode of the inner tube, the number and the direction of the carbon fiber layering, the nesting mode of the carbon fiber composite tube, the nesting layer number, the thickness and other structural parameters, and the layer number, the thickness and other structural parameters of the metal-based carbon fiber composite tube are set according to different energy absorption requirements of automobile collision, and different parameter proportions have different energy absorption effects; and the structural parameter value and the matching characteristic are obtained through energy absorption requirement optimization. The carbon fiber metal matrix composite tube is prepared by a hot molding method.
Further, the materials of the inner tube and the outer tube can be one or more of metal (high-strength steel, aluminum-magnesium alloy and the like), carbon fiber tube or metal-based carbon fiber composite tube, and the fiber layering number, layering direction and thickness parameters of the carbon fiber part of the carbon fiber tube or the metal-based carbon fiber composite tube are set according to the energy absorption requirement of automobile collision.
Further, the cross-sectional shapes and the geometric dimensions of the inner tube and the outer tube are set according to the energy absorption requirement of the automobile collision, the cross-sectional shapes of the inner tube and the outer tube comprise, but are not limited to, circles, triangles, quadrilaterals, hexagons, octagons or decagons and the like, and the inner tube and the outer tube can be in a combination of the same type or different types.
Further, the energy absorption structure is a multi-cell connection mode with a closed cross section formed by nesting and wrapping a plurality of inner tubes by an independent outer tube, wherein the number N of the inner tubes is selected according to the energy absorption amount, and N is more than or equal to 3.
The invention also discloses a preparation process of the multicellular metal-based carbon fiber composite thin-wall energy-absorbing structure, which is characterized in that: the energy absorption structure comprises a plurality of continuous cell units with the same or different cross-sectional shapes, the cell units are sequentially and correspondingly arranged and fixedly bonded at the overlapped bonding surfaces to form a cell structure with a polygonal cross section, wherein the energy absorption structure comprises a plurality of continuous cell units with the same or different cross-sectional shapes, wherein the energy absorption structure comprises a plurality of continuous cell units with polygonal cross-sectional shapes, wherein the cross sections of the continuous cell units are polygonal: the metal-based carbon fiber composite tube is manufactured by adopting a hot molding process and adopts an epoxy resin adhesive, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step S1: preheating a die, coating a release agent, laying or winding carbon fiber prepreg with the set layer number and the laying direction on the outer wall of a heating die with the preset cross-section shape (including but not limited to a circle, a triangle, a quadrilateral, a hexagon, an octagon, a decagon and the like), laying auxiliary materials according to the process requirements, and completing the preparation work before the die;
step S2: brushing epoxy resin on the surface of the carbon fiber prepreg, and nesting a metal pipe with a preset size on the carbon fiber layer, wherein the contact surface of the outer wall of the metal pipe needs to be sprayed with a mold release agent;
step S3: installing an outer layer pressure maintaining clamp for fixing, setting technological parameters, starting forming equipment and heating and molding;
step S4: cooling and demolding to obtain a metal-based carbon fiber composite pipe fitting, and flushing the die;
step S5: repeating steps S1-S4 until the required number of cell units are obtained;
step S6: polishing the bonding surface of the prepared metal-based carbon fiber cell unit, cleaning with acetone, sequentially bonding at the corresponding clamp and the ambient temperature, or connecting the bonding surface with the outer tube wall through a metal bracket supporting method to form a multicellular structure, and connecting the bonding surface with the outer tube wall through a bonding method;
step S7: and (3) processing and shaping the prepared multi-cell metal-based carbon fiber composite thin-wall energy-absorbing structure to finally obtain the required part product.
Further, the process parameters of the forming equipment are as follows: the preheating temperature is 80 ℃, and the heat preservation and curing time is as follows: the mixture is cured for 20 to 40 minutes and then pressurized to 120 to 150 ℃, the heat preservation and curing time is 60 to 120 minutes, and the pressure parameter is 0.5 to 0.7MPa; and (3) realizing the integral solidification of the carbon fiber layer and the metal tube, and obtaining the metal-based carbon fiber composite tube unit after demoulding.
Further, the carbon fiber prepreg is a thermoplastic carbon fiber reinforced composite material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention uses two materials at the same time, namely, uses ductile metal as the material of the outer tube and uses carbon fiber as the material of the inner tube, wraps the metal outer tube with a plurality of carbon fibers or metal-based carbon fiber inner tubes to form a multi-cell anti-collision energy absorption structure, and the carbon fiber tubes are mutually connected into a multi-cell structure by a bonding or metal bracket supporting method and are connected with the inner wall of the metal outer tube by bonding. The design parameters of the anti-collision energy-absorbing structure, such as the material and the cross-section shape, the size, the number of carbon fiber tubes, the cross-section shape, the size and the arrangement mode, the number and the direction of carbon fiber layering and the like of the metal tube are related to the energy-absorbing requirement of the automobile collision, different parameter proportions have different energy-absorbing effects, and parameter values are obtained through energy-absorbing requirement optimization, so that the structure has the maximum specific energy absorption. The structure combines the advantages of the anti-collision energy-absorbing structure made of the ductile metal material and the carbon fiber material.
The invention has the advantages of larger energy absorption, light structure, strong deformation coordination and guidance, flexible design scheme and the like, and can effectively realize the safety and light weight of the automobile.
Based on the reasons, the invention can be widely popularized in the related fields of automobile manufacturing, automobile collision safety and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort to a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1a is a schematic diagram of a multi-cellular structure in a multi-cellular metal matrix carbon fiber composite thin-wall energy absorbing structure according to the present invention, wherein an outer metal tube is used to wrap an inner carbon fiber tube set.
FIG. 1b is a schematic diagram of a multi-cell structure in a multi-cell metal-based carbon fiber composite thin-wall energy absorbing structure according to the present invention, wherein an outer tube of a metal-based carbon fiber composite is used to wrap an inner tube set of carbon fibers.
FIG. 1c is a schematic diagram of a multi-cell structure in a multi-cell metal-based carbon fiber composite thin-wall energy absorbing structure according to the present invention, wherein an outer metal-based carbon fiber composite tube is used to wrap an inner metal-based carbon fiber tube set.
FIG. 2 shows a multi-cell metal matrix carbon fiber composite thin-wall energy absorbing structure with different cross-sectional shapes, wherein (a) the cross-section is circular, (b) the cross-section is square, (c) the cross-section is hexagonal, (d) the cross-section is octagonal, and (e) the cross-section is square, and the cross-section of the inner tube group is a mixed combination of square and circular.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram comparing different designs of the multi-cell metal-based carbon fiber composite thin-wall energy absorbing structure in the embodiment, wherein (a) is designed according to the scheme a, the number of inner tubes is 3, (B) is designed according to the scheme B, the number of inner tubes is 5, and (C) is designed according to the scheme C, and the number of inner tubes is 7.
FIG. 4 shows the carbon fiber layering characteristics of carbon fiber inner tubes I ' 40, carbon fiber inner tube II ' 47, and carbon fiber inner tube III ' 54 in the multicellular metal-based carbon fiber tube according to the embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the process of the metal-based carbon fiber tube of the multi-cell metal-based carbon fiber composite thin-wall energy absorbing structure of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a temperature profile of a metal-based carbon fiber tube hot die press.
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of the fabrication of the multi-cellular metal matrix carbon fiber composite thin wall energy absorbing structure of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the energy absorbing effect of the multi-cellular metal-based carbon fiber composite thin-wall energy absorbing structure according to various embodiments.
In the figure: 1. a metal outer tube I; 2. a carbon fiber inner tube I; 3. a metal-based carbon fiber composite outer tube I; 4. a metal outer layer I of the metal-based carbon fiber composite outer tube I3; 5. a carbon fiber inner layer I of the metal-based carbon fiber composite outer tube I3; 6. a carbon fiber inner tube II; 7. a metal-based carbon fiber composite outer tube II; 8. a metal outer layer II of the metal-based carbon fiber composite outer tube II 7; 9. a carbon fiber inner layer II of the metal-based carbon fiber composite outer tube II 7; 10. a metal-based carbon fiber inner tube III; 11. a metal outer layer III of the metal-based carbon fiber inner tube III 10; 12. a carbon fiber inner layer III of the metal-based carbon fiber inner tube III 10; 13. the outer diameter I of the metal outer tube; 14. the thickness I of the metal outer tube; 15. the outer diameter II of the carbon fiber inner tube; 16. the thickness II of the carbon fiber inner tube; 17. a metal outer tube I'; 18. a carbon fiber inner tube I'; 19. a metal outer tube II'; 20. a carbon fiber inner tube II'; 21. a metal outer tube III'; 22. a carbon fiber inner tube III'; 23. a metal outer tube IV'; 24. carbon fiber inner tube IV'; 25. a metal outer tube v'; 26. carbon fiber inner tube form I; 27. carbon fiber inner tube form II; 28. the side length of the metal outer tube; 29. the side length of the carbon fiber inner tube; 30. heating the mold; 31. an outer layer pressure maintaining clamp (outer mold); 32. a metal tube; 33. a release agent; 34. carbon fiber prepreg; 35. a cured carbon fiber inner layer; 36. metal-based carbon fiber composite pipe fitting; 37. multicellular structure I; 38. height I of multicellular structure I37; 39. a metal (aluminum alloy) outer tube I' of multicellular structure I37; 40. carbon fiber inner tube I' of multicellular structure I37; 41. an outer diameter I 'of the metal (aluminum alloy) outer tube I' 39; 42. the outer diameter I 'of the carbon fiber inner tube I' 40; 43. the inner diameter I 'of the carbon fiber inner tube I' 40; 44. multicellular structure ii; 45. height ii of multicellular structure ii 44; 46. a metal (aluminum alloy) outer tube ii "of multicellular structure ii 44; 47. carbon fiber inner tube II' of multicellular structure II 44; 48. an outer diameter ii' of the metal (aluminum alloy) outer tube ii "46; 49. the outer diameter II ' of the carbon fiber inner tube II ' 47 '; 50. the inner diameter II 'of the carbon fiber inner tube II' 47; 51. multicellular structure III; 52. height III of multicellular structure III 51; 53. a metal (aluminum alloy) outer tube III' of multicellular structure III 51; 54. carbon fiber inner tube III' of multicellular structure III 51; 55. an outer diameter III 'of a metal (aluminum alloy) outer tube III' 53; 56. the outer diameter III 'of the carbon fiber inner tube III' 54; 57. inner diameter III 'of carbon fiber inner tube III' 54; 58. inner walls of carbon fiber inner tube I ' 40, carbon fiber inner tube II ' 47 and carbon fiber inner tube III ' 54.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a multicellular metal-based carbon fiber composite thin-wall energy absorbing structure and a preparation process thereof.
As shown in FIG. 1a, the multi-cell metal-based carbon fiber composite thin-wall energy absorbing structure can be composed of a metal outer tube I1 and a carbon fiber inner tube I2, and is specifically characterized in that the metal outer tube I1 wraps a plurality of carbon fiber inner tubes I2 to be bonded to form a carbon fiber inner tube group, and the carbon fiber inner tube group is bonded to the inner wall of the metal outer tube I1.
As shown in FIG. 1b, the multicellular metal-based carbon fiber composite thin-wall energy absorbing structure may be composed of a metal-based carbon fiber composite outer tube I3 and a carbon fiber inner tube I6, wherein the metal-based carbon fiber composite outer tube I3 is composed of a metal outer layer I4 and a carbon fiber inner layer I5, and is specifically embodied as a carbon fiber inner tube group formed by bonding a plurality of carbon fiber inner tubes I6 wrapped by the metal-based carbon fiber composite outer tube I3, and the carbon fiber inner tube group is bonded with the inner wall (inner wall of the carbon fiber inner layer I5) of the metal-based carbon fiber composite outer tube I3.
As shown in fig. 1c, the multicellular metal-based carbon fiber composite thin-wall energy absorbing structure may be composed of a metal-based carbon fiber composite outer tube ii 7 and a metal-based carbon fiber composite inner tube iii 10, the metal-based carbon fiber composite outer tube ii 7 is composed of a metal outer layer ii 8 and a carbon fiber inner layer ii 9, and the metal-based carbon fiber composite inner tube iii 10 is composed of a metal outer layer iii 11 and a carbon fiber inner layer iii 12. The number N of the inner tubes of the multicellular metal-based carbon fiber composite thin-wall energy absorbing structure is selected according to the energy absorbing capacity, and N is more than or equal to 3.
In addition, the inner tube and the outer tube of the multi-cell metal-based carbon fiber composite thin-wall energy absorbing structure can be any form and combination of metal, carbon fiber tube or metal-based carbon fiber composite tube, such as combination of metal outer tube and carbon fiber tube, combination of metal outer tube and metal-based carbon fiber composite inner tube, combination of metal-based carbon fiber composite outer tube and metal-based carbon fiber composite inner tube, and the like; for the composite outer tube and the inner tube of the multi-cell metal-based carbon fiber composite thin-wall energy absorbing structure, the nesting layer number of the metal layer and the carbon fiber layer can be arbitrarily selected, and the nesting sequence of the metal layer and the carbon fiber layer can exist in an arbitrary combination mode so as to realize more kinds of energy absorbing effects, such as a sandwich layer tube form of wrapping metal-carbon fiber-metal.
The metal outer tube I1 of the multi-cell metal-based carbon fiber composite thin-wall energy absorption structure, the metal outer layer I4 and the metal outer layer II 8 in the metal-based carbon fiber composite outer tube I3 and the metal-based carbon fiber composite outer tube II 7 can be made of high-strength steel, aluminum magnesium alloy and the like, and the metal outer layer III 11 in the metal-based carbon fiber composite inner tube III 10 of the multi-cell metal-based carbon fiber composite thin-wall energy absorption structure can be made of high-strength steel, aluminum magnesium alloy and the like; the geometric dimensions of the outer tube of the multi-cell metal-based carbon fiber composite thin-wall energy absorbing structure, such as the height of the outer tube, the outer diameter I13 of the metal outer tube, the thickness I14 of the metal outer tube and the like, are related to the collision energy absorbing requirement of an automobile. The carbon fiber inner tube I2, the carbon fiber inner tube II 6, the carbon fiber inner layer II 9 and the carbon fiber inner layer III 12 of the metal-based carbon fiber inner tube III 10, the number and the direction of the layers (such as orthogonal layers, 0-degree layers, 45-degree crossed layers and combinations thereof) of the multi-cell metal-based carbon fiber composite thin-wall energy absorption structure, the geometric dimensions of the inner tube such as the height of the inner tube, the outer diameter II 15 of the carbon fiber inner tube, the thickness II 16 of the carbon fiber inner tube and the like are related to the collision energy absorption requirement of an automobile. In addition, different inner and outer pipe geometric dimensions and carbon fiber layering characteristics can be mutually combined to achieve more kinds of energy absorption effects.
As shown in fig. 2, the cross-sectional shapes of the outer tube and the inner tube of the multi-cell metal-based carbon fiber composite thin-wall energy absorbing structure can be circular (as shown in fig. 2 (a), the cross-sectional shapes of the metal outer tube i '17 and the carbon fiber inner tube i' 18 of the multi-cell structure are all circular), quadrilateral (as shown in fig. 2 (b), the cross-sectional shapes of the metal outer tube ii '19 and the carbon fiber inner tube ii' 20 of the multi-cell structure are all quadrilateral), hexagonal (as shown in fig. 2 (c), the cross-sectional shapes of the metal outer tube iii '21 and the carbon fiber inner tube iii' 22 of the multi-cell structure are all hexagonal), octagonal (as shown in fig. 2 (d), the cross-sectional shapes of the metal outer tube iv '23 and the carbon fiber inner tube iv' 24 of the multi-cell structure are all octagonal), and the like; the cross-sectional shape of the multi-cell metal-based carbon fiber composite thin-wall energy absorbing structure can also be designed into a mixed shape with more than one shape, as shown in fig. 2 (e), wherein the metal outer tube v' 25 of the multi-cell structure is designed into a quadrilateral, and the inner tube is divided into two cross-sectional shapes, namely a carbon fiber inner tube form I26 with a quadrilateral cross section and a carbon fiber inner tube form II27 with a circular cross section. The cross-sectional geometry of each multicellular structure, such as the hexagonal metal outer tube side length 28 and the hexagonal carbon fiber inner tube side length 29, is related to the crash energy absorption requirements of the vehicle. In addition, the inner and outer tubes in different multicellular structures can have a variety of different cross-sectional shapes and combinations of geometric parameters thereof to achieve a greater variety of energy absorbing effects.
The metal-based carbon fiber composite tube (including the outer tube and the inner tube) can be manufactured by a hot molding manufacturing method, as shown in fig. 5, and specifically can be divided into the following steps:
step S1: preheating a heating die 30 at the preheating temperature of about 80 ℃, then coating a release agent 33 on the outer surface of the heating die 30, laying or winding carbon fiber prepregs 34 with set layer numbers and layering directions on the outer wall of the heating die 30 with preset cross-sectional shapes (including but not limited to circles, triangles, quadrilaterals, hexagons, octagons, decagons and the like), paving auxiliary materials according to the process requirements, and completing the preparation work before the die as shown in fig. 5 (a);
step S2: brushing epoxy resin on the surface of the carbon fiber prepreg 34, and embedding a metal tube 32 with a preset size on the carbon fiber layer, as shown in fig. 5 (b), wherein the contact surface of the outer wall of the metal tube 32 needs to be sprayed with a mold release agent 33;
step S3: installing an upper outer layer pressure maintaining clamp 31 for fixing, setting process parameters, starting forming equipment and heating and molding, as shown in fig. 5 (c), wherein reference numeral 35 is a cured carbon fiber inner layer, and parameter setting in the hot molding process is shown in fig. 6;
step S4: cooling and demolding to obtain a metal-based carbon fiber composite pipe fitting 36, processing and shaping the metal-based carbon fiber composite pipe fitting, and purging the die;
step S5: steps S1-S4 are repeated until the desired number of metal matrix carbon fiber composite tubes 36 are produced.
The design and manufacturing cases of the multi-cell metal-based carbon fiber composite thin-wall energy absorbing structure and the energy absorbing effect comparison are further explained below in combination with specific examples.
Examples
The embodiment mainly relates to the influence of the number of carbon fiber inner tubes in the multi-cell metal-based carbon fiber composite thin-wall energy absorbing structure on the energy absorbing effect.
The multicellular metal-based carbon fiber structure consists of an outer 6061-T4 aluminum alloy tube and an inner carbon fiber tube, and can be specifically divided into three different design schemes of scheme A, scheme B and scheme C.
Wherein, in scheme a, the height i 38 of the multicellular structure i 37 is 80mm, the number n=3 of the carbon fiber inner tubes i "40 in the multicellular structure i 37, the thickness of the aluminum alloy outer tube i" 39 in the multicellular structure i 37 is 2mm, and the outer diameter i' 41 of the aluminum alloy outer tube i "39 is 58mm, as shown in fig. 3 (a).
In the scheme B, the height ii 45 of the multicellular structure ii 44 is 100mm, the number n=5 of the carbon fiber inner tubes ii "47 in the multicellular structure ii 44, the thickness of the aluminum alloy outer tube ii" 46 in the multicellular structure ii 44 is 2mm, and the outer diameter ii' 48 of the aluminum alloy outer tube ii "46 is 73mm, as shown in fig. 3 (B).
In the scheme C, the height iii 52 of the multicellular structure iii 51 is 110mm, the number n=7 of the carbon fiber inner tubes iii "54 in the multicellular structure iii 51, the thickness of the aluminum alloy outer tube iii" 53 in the multicellular structure iii 51 is 2mm, and the outer diameter iii' 55 of the aluminum alloy outer tube iii "53 is 80mm, as shown in fig. 3 (C).
In all of the cases of the present invention, an outer diameter I '42 of a carbon fiber inner tube I' 40 the outer diameter II '49 of the carbon fiber inner tube II' 47 and the outer diameter III '56 of the carbon fiber inner tube III' 54 are both 25mm, the inner diameter I '43 of the carbon fiber inner tube I' 40, the inner diameter II '50 of the carbon fiber inner tube II' 47 and the inner diameter III '57 of the carbon fiber inner tube III' 54 are 24mm; the inner tube of carbon fiber is of uniform size within each solution. The carbon fiber inner tube I '40, the carbon fiber inner tube II' 47 and the carbon fiber inner tube III '54 are formed by using T300 thermosetting carbon fiber prepreg through thermosetting, 4 layers are laid in an orthogonal layer manner, as shown in figure 4, in all the embodiments, the layering characteristics of the carbon fiber inner tubes are consistent, wherein reference numeral 58 designates the inner wall of the carbon fiber inner tube I' 40, the carbon fiber inner tube II '47 or the carbon fiber inner tube III' 54.
As shown in fig. 7, the preparation process of the multicellular structures i 37, ii 44, iii 51 according to the above schemes a, B, and C includes the following steps:
specifically, taking multicellular structure I37 in scheme A as an example:
step S1, machining a 6061 aluminum tube (a metal (aluminum alloy) outer tube I' 39) to enable the 6061 aluminum tube to meet the size requirements of each scheme;
s2, performing a heat treatment process on a 6061 aluminum pipe (a metal (aluminum alloy) outer pipe I' 39) to reach a 6061-T4 state which is more in line with the research experiment;
step 3, polishing the carbon fiber inner tube I '40 (single tube) according to the number (N=3) designated by the scheme A, cleaning by using acetone, fixing on a clamp for mutual bonding to form a three-cell carbon fiber inner tube group, then matching with and bonding with the heat-treated 6061-T4 aluminum tube (metal (aluminum alloy) outer tube I' 39), wherein the curing constant temperature is 60 ℃, and the curing time is about 1h;
and S4, cooling to room temperature, processing and shaping the three-cell structure, and checking the quality to obtain the final required structure.
In order to compare the energy absorption effects of the three schemes, the multi-cell structures related to the three schemes are respectively crushed, the load of a structural member and the axial crushing curve of a machine member in each scheme in the crushing process are collected to serve as indexes for evaluating the energy absorption effect, meanwhile, a 6061-T4 aluminum pipe with the same size as an aluminum alloy outer pipe III' 53 in a scheme C is crushed to serve as a comparison, the crushing curves of the multi-cell structures III 51 and the aluminum pipe in the scheme C are represented by fig. 8 (a), and the crushing curves of each scheme are represented by fig. 8 (b).
As can be seen from fig. 8 (a), compared with the aluminum pipe with the same size as that of scheme C, the multicellular metal-based carbon fiber composite thin-wall energy-absorbing structure in scheme C has a higher crushing force curve, and the crushing process is more stable; as can be seen from fig. 8 (b), the peak force of the multicellular structure increases more significantly with increasing tube diameter in all cases. Wherein, the peak force of the multi-cell structure III 51 related to the scheme C with the maximum peak force is 1.4 times and 1.8 times of the multi-cell structure I37 related to the scheme A and the multi-cell structure II 44 related to the scheme B respectively; when the crushing reaches 15mm, the stable crushing stage is entered, and for the stable crushing stage, it can be seen that the crushing force of the multicellular structure iii 51 related to the scheme C is larger than the multicellular structure ii 44 related to the scheme B, and the crushing force of the multicellular structure ii 44 related to the scheme B is larger than the multicellular structure i 37 related to the scheme a.
The above experimental phenomena can prove that: when the overall dimensions (the overall outer diameter and the overall height of the structure) of the structure are the same, the multi-cell metal-based carbon fiber composite thin-wall energy-absorbing structural member containing the carbon fiber inner tube group has higher crushing performance than the metal outer tube without the carbon fiber inner tube group; the energy absorption effect of the multicellular metal-based carbon fiber composite thin-wall energy absorption structure is in direct proportion to the number of carbon fiber inner tubes contained in the multicellular metal-based carbon fiber composite thin-wall energy absorption structure.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The multi-cell metal-based carbon fiber composite thin-wall energy absorbing structure is characterized in that the energy absorbing structure mainly comprises an outer tube formed by a metal tube or a metal-based carbon fiber composite tube and an inner tube formed by a plurality of carbon fiber tubes or metal-based carbon fiber composite tubes, which are matched and combined into a structure form that the outer tube is nested and wrapped with the inner tube, wherein at least one of the outer tube and the inner tube is the metal-based carbon fiber composite tube; the outer walls of the inner tubes are mutually connected into a multicellular structure in a bonding or metal bracket supporting mode, and the multicellular structure is connected with the inner wall of the outer tube through bonding;
the materials of the inner tube and the outer tube of the energy absorption structure, the number, the cross-sectional shape, the size and the arrangement mode of the inner tube, the number and the direction of the carbon fiber layering, the nesting mode of the carbon fiber composite tube, the nesting layer number and the thickness parameter, and the layer number and the thickness parameter of the metal-based carbon fiber composite tube are set according to different energy absorption requirements of automobile collision;
the fiber layering number, layering direction and thickness parameters of the carbon fiber part of the carbon fiber tube or the metal-based carbon fiber composite tube are set according to the energy absorption requirement of automobile collision;
the energy absorption structure comprises a plurality of continuous cell units with the same or different cross-sectional shapes, the cell units are sequentially and correspondingly arranged and fixedly bonded at the overlapped bonding surfaces to form a cell structure with a polygonal cross section, wherein the energy absorption structure comprises a plurality of continuous cell units with the same or different cross-sectional shapes, wherein the energy absorption structure comprises a plurality of continuous cell units with polygonal cross-sectional shapes, wherein the cross sections of the continuous cell units are polygonal: the metal-based carbon fiber composite tube is manufactured by adopting a hot molding process and adopts an epoxy resin adhesive, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step S1: preheating a die, coating a release agent, laying or winding carbon fiber prepreg with the set layer number and the laying direction on the outer wall of a heating die with the preset cross-section shape, and laying auxiliary materials according to the process requirements to finish the preparation work before the die;
step S2: brushing epoxy resin on the surface of the carbon fiber prepreg, and nesting a metal pipe with a preset size on the carbon fiber layer, wherein the contact surface of the outer wall of the metal pipe needs to be sprayed with a mold release agent;
step S3: installing an outer layer pressure maintaining clamp for fixing, setting technological parameters, starting forming equipment and heating and molding;
step S4: cooling and demolding to obtain a metal-based carbon fiber composite pipe fitting, and flushing the die;
step S5: repeating steps S1-S4 until the required number of cell units are obtained;
step S6: polishing the bonding surface of the prepared metal-based carbon fiber cell unit, cleaning with acetone, sequentially bonding at the corresponding clamp and the ambient temperature, or connecting the bonding surface with the outer tube wall through a metal bracket supporting method to form a multicellular structure, and connecting the bonding surface with the outer tube wall through a bonding method;
step S7: and (3) processing and shaping the prepared multi-cell metal-based carbon fiber composite thin-wall energy-absorbing structure to finally obtain the required part product.
2. The multi-cell metal-based carbon fiber composite thin-wall energy absorbing structure according to claim 1, wherein the cross-sectional shape and the geometric dimension of the inner tube and the outer tube are set according to the energy absorbing requirement of automobile collision, and the cross-sectional shape of the inner tube and the outer tube comprises, but is not limited to, a circle, a triangle, a quadrilateral, a hexagon, an octagon or a decagon, and can be in a combination of a homotype or a heterotype.
3. The multi-cell metal-based carbon fiber composite thin-wall energy absorbing structure according to claim 1, wherein the energy absorbing structure is a multi-cell connection form with a cross section closed by nesting and wrapping a plurality of inner tubes by an independent outer tube, wherein the number N of the inner tubes is selected according to the energy absorbing amount, and N is more than or equal to 3.
4. The multi-cellular metal-based carbon fiber composite thin-wall energy absorbing structure of claim 1, wherein: the technological parameters of the forming equipment are as follows: the preheating temperature is 80 ℃, and the heat preservation and curing time is as follows: the mixture is cured for 20 to 40 minutes and then pressurized to 120 to 150 ℃, the heat preservation and curing time is 60 to 120 minutes, and the pressure parameter is 0.5 to 0.7MPa; and (3) realizing the integral solidification of the carbon fiber layer and the metal tube, and obtaining the metal-based carbon fiber composite tube unit after demoulding.
5. The multi-cellular metal-based carbon fiber composite thin-wall energy absorbing structure of claim 1, wherein: the carbon fiber prepreg is a thermoplastic carbon fiber reinforced composite material.
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