CN112031935A - Multistage backheating fuel cell and gas turbine hybrid power generation system based on plasma catalysis - Google Patents

Multistage backheating fuel cell and gas turbine hybrid power generation system based on plasma catalysis Download PDF

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CN112031935A
CN112031935A CN202010837777.9A CN202010837777A CN112031935A CN 112031935 A CN112031935 A CN 112031935A CN 202010837777 A CN202010837777 A CN 202010837777A CN 112031935 A CN112031935 A CN 112031935A
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fuel cell
inlet
regenerator
turbine
combustion chamber
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CN112031935B (en
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秦江
马松松
刘禾
姬志行
郭发福
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02CGAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02CGAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/04Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid having a turbine driving a compressor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02CGAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/18Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use using the waste heat of gas-turbine plants outside the plants themselves, e.g. gas-turbine power heat plants
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22STEAM GENERATION
    • F22BMETHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B33/00Steam-generation plants, e.g. comprising steam boilers of different types in mutual association
    • F22B33/18Combinations of steam boilers with other apparatus
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • H01M8/0618Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention provides a multi-stage regenerative fuel cell gas turbine hybrid power generation system based on plasma catalysis, wherein fuel enters a plasma catalytic device and is connected with a combustion chamber inlet and a chemical regenerator cold flow side inlet, a compressor outlet is connected with a regenerator cold flow side inlet, a regenerator cold flow side outlet is connected with a combustion chamber, a combustion chamber outlet is connected with a turbine inlet, a turbine rotor is connected with a generator, a turbine outlet is respectively connected with a chemical regenerator hot flow side and a cathode inlet of a high-temperature fuel cell, a high-temperature fuel cell cathode is connected with a regenerator, a chemical regenerator cold flow side inlet is respectively connected with an evaporator, a third diverter and a plasma catalytic device, water enters the chemical regenerator from the evaporator, and the cold flow outlet side of the chemical heat regenerator is respectively connected with the anode inlet of the high-temperature fuel cell and the inlet of the combustion chamber, and the anode outlet of the high-temperature fuel cell is connected with the inlet of the combustion chamber. The problem of how to improve gas turbine variable operating mode characteristic and circulation thermal efficiency, reduce pollutant emission is solved.

Description

Multistage backheating fuel cell and gas turbine hybrid power generation system based on plasma catalysis
Technical Field
The invention relates to a multistage regenerative fuel cell and gas turbine hybrid power generation system based on plasma catalysis, and belongs to the technical field of gas turbine circulating systems.
Background
The focus of current gas turbine research is to increase cycle thermal efficiency and reduce pollutant emissions. The advanced cycle of the gas turbine optimizes the operating characteristics of the system by using other components on the basis of simple cycle, can recycle the exhaust waste heat of the gas turbine, and comprehensively improves the physical energy or the chemical energy of the system by using the thermodynamic potential of the exhaust waste heat, thereby reducing the emission of pollutants such as NOx and the like of the gas turbine and improving the cycle efficiency. Various advanced cycles have been studied, such as steam injection cycle, intercooling regenerative cycle, wet compression technology, etc. in the meantime, the research is being conducted. Advanced circulation can promote circulation efficiency by a wide margin, reduces pollutant discharge, how to guarantee circulating device's compactedness, performance when coordinating gas turbine variable operating mode, this is the first problem that this technical field faced.
The solid oxide fuel cell directly converts chemical energy of hydrocarbon fuel into electric energy through electrochemical reaction, and has the greatest advantages of high efficiency and cleanness. In practical application, the matching relationship between the solid oxide fuel cell and the gas turbine such as temperature, pressure and the like is good, and a hybrid power generation system can be formed to further improve the energy conversion rate, reduce pollution emission, reduce economic cost and the like.
Gas turbines have a low cycle efficiency at low load conditions, which is associated with incomplete combustion of the fuel in the combustion chamber. Incomplete combustion of fuel can seriously affect the cycle efficiency, the working life, etc. of the system, and also exacerbate the emission of pollutants. The non-equilibrium plasma catalysis is a fuel catalysis approach with low energy consumption, high efficiency and high selectivity, can realize low-temperature catalytic cracking and deep cracking, change the composition of fuel components, further improve the combustion characteristic of a combustion chamber and improve the depth of fuel steam reforming, and therefore, the plasma catalysis technology can be introduced into the regenerative cycle of the gas turbine to optimize the variable working condition capability of the gas turbine.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of improving the variable working condition characteristic and the cycle thermal efficiency of a gas turbine and reducing the emission of pollutants, and provides a plasma catalysis-based multistage regenerative fuel cell and gas turbine hybrid power generation system.
The invention provides a multistage regenerative fuel cell gas turbine hybrid power generation system based on plasma catalysis, which comprises a gas compressor, a combustion chamber, a turbine, a high-temperature fuel cell, a chemical regenerator, a plasma catalytic device, a regenerator, an evaporator, a generator, a first shunt, a second shunt and a third shunt, wherein fuel enters the plasma catalytic device and is respectively connected with a combustion chamber inlet and a chemical regenerator cold flow side inlet through the third shunt, air enters the gas compressor inlet, a gas compressor outlet is connected with the regenerator cold flow side inlet, a regenerator cold flow side outlet is connected with the combustion chamber inlet, a combustion chamber outlet is connected with the turbine inlet, a turbine rotor is connected with the generator, the gas compressor is connected with the turbine through a shaft, a turbine outlet is respectively connected with the chemical regenerator hot flow side and a cathode inlet of the high-temperature fuel cell through the first shunt, the cathode outlet of the high-temperature fuel cell is connected with the cold flow side inlet of the heat regenerator, the cold flow side inlet of the chemical heat regenerator is respectively connected with the evaporator, the third divider and the plasma catalytic device, water enters the chemical heat regenerator from the evaporator, the cold flow outlet side of the chemical heat regenerator is respectively connected with the anode inlet of the high-temperature fuel cell and the inlet of the combustion chamber through the second divider, and the anode outlet of the high-temperature fuel cell is connected with the inlet of the combustion chamber.
Preferably, the oxidant of the high-temperature fuel cell is derived from a mixed gas of reforming fuel in the chemical regenerator, and the reductant is derived from exhaust gas of the turbine.
The plasma catalysis-based multistage regenerative fuel cell and gas turbine hybrid power generation system has the beneficial effects that:
1. the multistage regenerative fuel cell and gas turbine hybrid power generation system based on plasma catalysis adopts the multistage regenerative flow path to comprehensively improve the cycle efficiency and the variable working condition characteristic of the system, uses the chemical regenerative cycle of the gas turbine for reference, and introduces the regenerative bypass of a high-temperature fuel cell and a regenerator, thereby forming the multistage regenerative flow path for utilizing the tail gas of the gas turbine, effectively improving the conversion rate of the high-quality heat energy of the tail gas, the physical enthalpy and the chemical energy of the fuel, and improving the comprehensive utilization effect and the energy density of the energy.
2. According to the multi-stage regenerative fuel cell and gas turbine hybrid power generation system based on plasma catalysis, the components of fuel are changed after the fuel is subjected to plasma low-temperature catalytic cracking, and the combustion of a combustion chamber is easy to stabilize; the plasma catalysis and the steam reforming are combined, so that the high-efficiency combustion of the fuel under the low working condition is realized, and the heat efficiency and the performance of the variable working condition performance of the gas turbine are improved.
3. According to the multi-stage regenerative fuel cell and gas turbine hybrid power generation system based on plasma catalysis, the conditions such as the exhaust temperature and the pressure of the high-temperature fuel cell and the gas turbine are matched, extra output power can be provided for the gas turbine system, the performance requirements of different working conditions can be better met, meanwhile, the high-temperature fuel cell exhausts and preheats high-pressure air, the oil consumption can be reduced, and the cycle efficiency of the system can be improved.
4. According to the multi-stage regenerative fuel cell and gas turbine hybrid power generation system based on plasma catalysis, the plasma catalysis technology can realize low-temperature catalysis of fuel, ensures stable and complete combustion under different working conditions, is combined with the fuel steam reforming technology, effectively improves the depth of catalytic reaction of the fuel, and further can realize lean oil combustion to reduce emission of pollutants such as NOx.
5. The plasma catalysis-based multistage regenerative fuel cell and gas turbine hybrid power generation system disclosed by the invention constructs a chemical regenerative cycle of the gas turbine and a multistage regenerative flow path of a fuel cell regenerator based on a plasma catalysis technology, improves the comprehensive energy utilization efficiency of the gas turbine system, optimizes the operation efficiency of the gas turbine under a low working condition, and ensures the safe and stable operation of the gas turbine system.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multistage regenerative fuel cell gas turbine hybrid power generation system based on plasma catalysis, wherein a solid line between 1 and 3 represents a connecting shaft, and other diagrams are illustrated as follows:
Figure BDA0002640332720000031
represents an air passage;
Figure BDA0002640332720000032
represents a fuel passage;
Figure BDA0002640332720000033
represents the passage of water;
Figure BDA0002640332720000034
represents gas/tail gas;
the system comprises a compressor 1, a combustion chamber 2, a turbine 3, a high-temperature fuel cell 4, a chemical heat regenerator 5, a plasma catalytic device 6, a heat regenerator 7, an evaporator 8, a generator 9, a first divider 10, a second divider 11 and a third divider 12.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is provided in conjunction with the appended drawings:
the first embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment is explained with reference to fig. 1. The multi-stage regenerative fuel cell gas turbine hybrid power generation system based on plasma catalysis comprises a gas compressor 1, a combustion chamber 2, a turbine 3, a high-temperature fuel cell 4, a chemical heat regenerator 5, a plasma catalytic device 6, a heat regenerator 7, an evaporator 8, a power generator 9, a first flow divider 10, a second flow divider 11 and a third flow divider 12, wherein fuel enters the plasma catalytic device 6 and is respectively connected with an inlet of the combustion chamber 2 and an inlet of a cold flow side of the chemical heat regenerator 5 through the third flow divider 12, air enters an inlet of the gas compressor 1, an outlet of the gas compressor 1 is connected with an inlet of the cold flow side of the heat regenerator 7, an outlet of the cold flow side of the heat regenerator 7 is connected with an inlet of the combustion chamber 2, an outlet of the combustion chamber 2 is connected with an inlet of the turbine 3, a rotor of the turbine 3 is connected with the power generator 9, the gas compressor 1 is connected with the turbine 3 through a shaft, and an outlet of the turbine 3 is respectively connected with a hot flow The cathode inlet of the cell 4 is connected, the cathode outlet of the high-temperature fuel cell 4 is connected with the cold flow side inlet of the heat regenerator 7, the cold flow side inlet of the chemical heat regenerator 5 is respectively connected with the evaporator 8, the third divider 12 and the plasma catalytic device 6, water enters the chemical heat regenerator 5 from the evaporator 8, the cold flow outlet side of the chemical heat regenerator 5 is respectively connected with the anode inlet of the high-temperature fuel cell 4 and the inlet of the combustion chamber 2 through the second divider 11, the anode outlet of the high-temperature fuel cell 4 is connected with the inlet of the combustion chamber 2, and the turbine 3 drives the generator 9 to rotate to generate power
Two stages of heat regeneration flow paths are arranged at the outlet of the turbine 3 to recover the waste heat of the tail gas of the turbine 3, after the waste heat is split by the first splitter 10, the tail gas in the first heat regeneration flow path sequentially flows through the chemical heat regenerator 5 and the evaporator 8, and the tail gas in the second heat regeneration flow path sequentially flows through the high-temperature fuel cell 4 and the heat regenerator 7. The fuel reformed gas at the outlet of the chemical regenerator 5 in the first regenerative flow path can respectively enter the anode of the high-temperature fuel cell 4 and the combustion chamber 2 in the second regenerative flow path.
The anode of the high-temperature fuel cell 4 is connected between the chemical regenerator 5 and the combustion chamber 2, the cathode of the high-temperature fuel cell 4 is connected between the turbine 3 and the regenerator 7, the oxidant is derived from the reformed gas mixture of the fuel in the chemical regenerator 5, and the reducing agent is derived from the exhaust gas of the turbine 3.
The invention provides a multistage regenerative fuel cell and gas turbine hybrid power generation system based on plasma catalysis, which is mainly realized through two ways: the plasma catalytic fuel improves the chemical components and combustion characteristics of the fuel, and can directly enter a combustion chamber for combustion to ensure safe and stable combustion under a low-load working condition; and the other method is to combine the plasma catalysis technology and the steam reforming technology to generate a large amount of hydrogen-rich low-heating-value fuel containing activated molecules, so that the steam reforming degree can be ensured under the low-temperature condition, and the energy conversion rate of the high-temperature fuel cell is further improved.
Under the condition of partial load less than 30%, tail gas of the turbine 3 sequentially passes through the chemical heat regenerator 5 and the evaporator 8, most of fuel directly enters the combustion chamber 2 along the first fuel passage after passing through the plasma catalytic device, and about 15% of fuel enters the combustion chamber after passing through the chemical heat regenerator 5 along the second fuel passage.
At part load conditions of less than 30%, the high temperature fuel cell produces little power; when the load is 30-80%, according to the requirements of the fuel-air ratio and the water-carbon ratio of the high-temperature fuel cell 4, part of tail gas of the turbine 3 sequentially enters the cathode of the high-temperature fuel cell 4 and the heat regenerator 7, the fuel quantity is increased under the condition, meanwhile, the fuel quantity in the fuel passage II is gradually increased to meet the requirement of the operation working condition of the high-temperature fuel cell, and a small amount of exhaust gas at the outlet of the anode of the high-temperature fuel cell 4 enters the combustion chamber 2 for combustion; when the load is more than 80% or even slightly more than 100%, the fuel quantity can be increased continuously, and after the gas turbine reaches 100% of load, the fuel meeting higher power requirement through a high-temperature fuel cell is additionally increased.
The invention provides a multistage regenerative fuel cell and gas turbine hybrid power generation system based on plasma catalysis, a high-temperature fuel cell can play a role in power supplement under different load conditions of the gas turbine, and meanwhile, the high-temperature fuel cell has the functions of high efficiency, cleanness and the like because the energy conversion efficiency of the high-temperature fuel cell is not limited by Carnot cycle, so that the cycle efficiency of the gas turbine system is improved, and no additional pollution problem is caused.
The above-mentioned embodiments further explain the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and that the reasonable combination of the features described in the above-mentioned embodiments can be made, and any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. A multi-stage regenerative fuel cell and gas turbine hybrid power generation system based on plasma catalysis is characterized by comprising a gas compressor (1), a combustion chamber (2), a turbine (3), a high-temperature fuel cell (4), a chemical regenerator (5), a plasma catalytic device (6), a regenerator (7), an evaporator (8), a generator (9), a first shunt (10), a second shunt (11) and a third shunt (12),
the fuel enters a plasma catalytic device (6) and is respectively connected with an inlet of a combustion chamber (2) and a cold flow side inlet of a chemical heat regenerator (5) through a third flow divider (12), air enters an inlet of a gas compressor (1), an outlet of the gas compressor (1) is connected with the cold flow side inlet of the heat regenerator (7), a cold flow side outlet of the heat regenerator (7) is connected with an inlet of the combustion chamber (2), an outlet of the combustion chamber (2) is connected with an inlet of a turbine (3), a rotor of the turbine (3) is connected with a generator (9), the gas compressor (1) is connected with the turbine (3) through a shaft, an outlet of the turbine (3) is respectively connected with a hot flow side of the chemical heat regenerator (5) and a cathode inlet of a high-temperature fuel cell (4) through a first flow divider (10), a cathode outlet of the high-temperature fuel cell (4) is connected with the cold flow side inlet of the heat regenerator (7), and the cold flow side inlet of the chemical heat regenerator (5) is respectively connected with, No. three diverters (12) link to each other with plasma catalytic unit (6), and water gets into in chemical regenerator (5) from evaporimeter (8), chemical regenerator (5) cold flow outlet side links to each other with high temperature fuel cell (4) positive pole entry and combustion chamber (2) entry respectively through No. two diverters (11), and high temperature fuel cell (4) positive pole export links to each other with combustion chamber (2) import.
2. The plasma catalysis based multi-stage regenerative fuel cell gas turbine hybrid power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that the oxidant of the high temperature fuel cell (4) is derived from the reformed mixed gas of the fuel in the chemical regenerator (5), and the reductant is derived from the tail gas of the turbine (3).
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112796886A (en) * 2021-01-29 2021-05-14 哈尔滨工业大学 Reheating type combined cycle system of fuel cell chemical backheating gas turbine
CN112901345A (en) * 2021-01-29 2021-06-04 哈尔滨工业大学 Split type gas turbine fuel cell hybrid power generation system

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EP0951087A2 (en) * 1998-04-15 1999-10-20 Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. Air supply device for fuel cell
EP2449229B1 (en) * 2009-07-03 2017-04-26 École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Hybrid cycle sofc - inverted gas turbine with co2 separation
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112796886A (en) * 2021-01-29 2021-05-14 哈尔滨工业大学 Reheating type combined cycle system of fuel cell chemical backheating gas turbine
CN112901345A (en) * 2021-01-29 2021-06-04 哈尔滨工业大学 Split type gas turbine fuel cell hybrid power generation system

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