CN112796886B - Reheating type combined cycle system of fuel cell chemical backheating gas turbine - Google Patents
Reheating type combined cycle system of fuel cell chemical backheating gas turbine Download PDFInfo
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- CN112796886B CN112796886B CN202110128135.6A CN202110128135A CN112796886B CN 112796886 B CN112796886 B CN 112796886B CN 202110128135 A CN202110128135 A CN 202110128135A CN 112796886 B CN112796886 B CN 112796886B
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- fuel cell
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
- F02C3/04—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid having a turbine driving a compressor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas- turbine plants for special use
- F02C6/04—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
- H01M8/04022—Heating by combustion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention provides a reheating type combined cycle system of a fuel cell chemical regenerative gas turbine, which comprises a gas compressor, a combustion chamber, a high-pressure turbine, a solid oxide fuel cell, a low-pressure turbine, a chemical regenerator, an evaporator, a mixer and a splitter, wherein the gas compressor is connected with the combustion chamber; air enters the air compressor, the air compressor is communicated with the combustion chamber, the combustion chamber is communicated with the high-pressure turbine, the air compressor is connected with the high-pressure turbine through a shaft, the high-pressure turbine is connected with a cathode inlet of the solid oxide fuel cell, a cathode outlet is connected with an inlet of the low-pressure turbine, an outlet of the low-pressure turbine is connected with the chemical heat regenerator, water enters through the evaporator, flows into the mixer and is mixed with fuel, and then enters the chemical heat regenerator together. The invention utilizes the steam reforming reaction of fuel in the chemical heat regenerator to recycle the waste heat of the tail gas of the gas turbine, and simultaneously introduces the solid oxide fuel cell into the reheating cycle to improve the temperature in front of the low-pressure turbine, thereby increasing the power and the heat efficiency of the gas turbine and reducing the generation of pollutants.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of gas turbines, and particularly relates to a reheating type combined cycle system of a fuel cell chemical regenerative gas turbine.
Background
The focus of current gas turbine research is to increase cycle thermal efficiency and reduce pollutant emissions. Gas turbines can be divided into simple cycles and advanced cycles. The simple-cycle gas turbine comprises a gas compressor, a combustion chamber, a turbine and other main components, and the main means for improving the cycle efficiency of the simple-cycle gas turbine is to improve the front temperature of the turbine, the pressure ratio, the efficiency of the components and the like. The advanced circulating gas turbine mainly recycles the exhaust waste heat of the gas turbine and comprehensively improves the physical energy or the chemical energy of the system by utilizing the thermodynamic potential of the gas turbine so as to improve the circulating efficiency; in order to reduce the emission of pollutants such as NOx of the gas turbine, the simple cycle mainly aims at improving the structure of the combustion chamber, improving the combustion mechanism of the combustion chamber, improving the combustion efficiency and the like. The advanced cycle can utilize other components to improve fuel composition and reduce the generation of pollutants on the basis of simple cycle. Various advanced cycles have been studied, such as steam injection cycle, intercooling regenerative cycle, wet compression technology, etc. in the meantime, the research is being conducted. Advanced circulation can greatly improve the circulation efficiency, reduce the pollutant emission, ensure the compactness of the circulating device and coordinate the performance of the gas turbine during variable working conditions, which is the first problem faced in the technical field.
In addition, in a power mode of a main fuel cell and gas turbine hybrid system, a fuel cell occupies main power output, and a micro gas turbine is adopted, so that the problem of low efficiency exists.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention is directed to a reheating type combined cycle system of a fuel cell chemical regenerative gas turbine, which utilizes a steam reforming reaction of fuel in a chemical regenerator to recycle exhaust gas waste heat of the gas turbine, and introduces a high-temperature solid oxide fuel cell into a reheating cycle to increase a front temperature of a low-pressure turbine, thereby increasing power and thermal efficiency of the gas turbine and reducing generation of pollutants.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a reheating type combined cycle system of a fuel cell chemical regenerative gas turbine comprises a gas compressor, a combustion chamber, a high-pressure turbine, a solid oxide fuel cell, a low-pressure turbine, a chemical regenerator, an evaporator, a mixer and a flow divider;
air enters the air compressor from an inlet of the air compressor, an outlet of the air compressor is communicated with a first inlet of the combustion chamber, an outlet of the combustion chamber is communicated with an inlet of the high-pressure turbine, the air compressor and the high-pressure turbine are connected through a shaft, an outlet of the high-pressure turbine is connected with a cathode inlet of the solid oxide fuel cell, a cathode outlet of the solid oxide fuel cell is connected with an inlet of the low-pressure turbine, an outlet of the low-pressure turbine is connected with a hot flow side inlet of the chemical heat regenerator, a hot flow side outlet of the chemical heat regenerator is connected with a hot flow side inlet of the evaporator, a cold flow side outlet of the evaporator is connected with an inlet of the mixer, an outlet of the mixer is connected with a cold flow side inlet of the chemical heat regenerator, a cold flow side outlet of the chemical heat regenerator is respectively connected with a second inlet of the combustion chamber and an anode inlet of the fuel cell through a splitter, an anode outlet of the solid oxide fuel cell is connected with a third inlet of the combustion chamber, water enters through a cold flow side inlet of the evaporator, and flows into the mixer from a cold flow side outlet of the evaporator and then mixes with fuel and enters into a cold flow side of the chemical heat regenerator.
Further, the solid oxide fuel cell is located between the high pressure turbine and the low pressure turbine.
Further, the anode exhaust of the solid oxide fuel cell enters the combustion chamber via a nozzle arranged at the third inlet to continue to participate in the combustion.
Further, a part of the gas split by the flow splitter at the cold flow side outlet of the chemical regenerator directly enters the combustion chamber for combustion via a nozzle arranged at the second inlet.
Furthermore, the oxidant of the solid oxide fuel cell is oxygen in the high-pressure turbine exhaust, and the reducing agent is a fuel reforming mixed gas.
Further, tail gas of the low-pressure turbine enters a chemical heat regenerator to provide heat for the fuel steam reforming reaction.
Compared with the prior art, the reheating type combined cycle system of the fuel cell chemical regenerative gas turbine has the following advantages:
1. the invention adopts the high-power gas turbine and the low-power fuel cell system to generate power, is obviously different from the power matching mode of the traditional hybrid power generation system, is easy to realize application and improves the working reliability and safety.
2. The high-temperature solid oxide fuel cell replaces a traditional reheater, so that the characteristic of efficiency reduction of a traditional reheating cycle is overcome, and meanwhile, the output power and the heat efficiency of the system are improved.
3. The waste heat of the tail gas of the gas turbine is converted into chemical energy of fuel by adopting a steam reforming reaction and is stored, so that fuel reforming mixed gas is provided for a combustion chamber and a high-temperature solid oxide fuel cell, and the energy utilization efficiency of the gas turbine is improved; the fuel generates small molecular gaseous products after steam reforming reaction, so that the combustion can be improved, and the emission of pollutants, especially solid particles, can be reduced.
4. The combined chemical regenerative cycle and fuel cell reheating structure of the fuel cell reheating type chemical regenerative gas turbine combined cycle system has an active effect on improving the performance of a gas turbine.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation of the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a reheat combined cycle system of a fuel cell chemical regenerative gas turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-a gas compressor, 2-a combustion chamber, 3-a high-pressure turbine, 4-a solid oxide fuel cell, 5-a low-pressure turbine, 6-a chemical heat regenerator, 7-an evaporator, 8-a mixer and 9-a current divider; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the fuel cell chemical regenerative gas turbine reheat combined cycle system includes a compressor 1, a combustion chamber 2, a high-pressure turbine 3, a solid oxide fuel cell 4, a low-pressure turbine 5, a chemical regenerative heater 6, an evaporator 7, a mixer 8 and a flow divider 9;
air enters the air compressor 1 from an inlet of the air compressor 1, an outlet of the air compressor 1 is communicated with a first inlet of the combustion chamber 2, an outlet of the combustion chamber 2 is communicated with an inlet of the high-pressure turbine 3, the air compressor 1 and the high-pressure turbine 3 are connected through a shaft, an outlet of the high-pressure turbine 3 is connected with a cathode inlet of the solid oxide fuel cell 4, a cathode outlet of the solid oxide fuel cell 4 is connected with an inlet of the low-pressure turbine 5, an outlet of the low-pressure turbine 5 is connected with a hot-flow-side inlet of the chemical heat regenerator 6, a hot-flow-side outlet of the chemical heat regenerator 6 is connected with a hot-flow-side inlet of the evaporator 7, a cold-flow-side outlet of the evaporator 7 is connected with a cold-flow-side inlet of the chemical heat regenerator 6, a cold-flow-side outlet of the chemical heat regenerator 6 is connected with a second inlet of the combustion chamber 2 and an anode inlet of the fuel cell 4 through a shunt 9, an anode outlet of the solid oxide fuel cell 4 is connected with a third inlet of the combustion chamber 2, water enters the evaporator through a cold-flow-side inlet of the evaporator 7, and enters a mixed fuel outlet of the mixed fuel cell 6 together.
Different from the power mode in the existing gas turbine fuel cell hybrid system, namely the mode that the fuel cell occupies the main power output, in the application, the gas turbine is a high-power gas turbine, the fuel cell is a low-power fuel cell, the gas turbine is the main power output, and the fuel cell is the auxiliary power output, so that the working reliability and the safety are improved.
The solid oxide fuel cell 5 is located between the high pressure turbine 3 and the low pressure turbine 6, increasing the low pressure turbine inlet temperature and thus increasing efficiency.
The anode exhaust of the solid oxide fuel cell 5 enters the combustion chamber 2 via a nozzle arranged at the third inlet to continue participating in combustion; a portion of the gas split by the splitter 9 at the cold flow side outlet of the chemical regenerator 6 is directly passed through nozzles arranged at the second inlet into the combustion chamber for combustion.
The oxidant of the solid oxide fuel cell 5 is oxygen in the tail gas of the high-pressure turbine 4, and the reductant is fuel reforming mixed gas. The tail gas of the low-pressure turbine 5 enters a chemical regenerator 6 to provide heat for the fuel steam reforming reaction.
The high-temperature solid oxide fuel cell 4 serving as a reheater in front of the low-pressure turbine 5 can raise the temperature of the gas at the outlet of the high-pressure turbine 3, and improve the work capacity of the gas and the overall energy utilization efficiency of the gas turbine. The evaporator 7 is used for generating high-temperature steam, and the fuel and the steam in the chemical heat regenerator 6 are subjected to steam reforming reaction to convert the heat energy of the fuel gas into the chemical energy of the fuel reformed gas. After the system is started, one part of fuel reformed gas is combusted with incoming air in the combustion chamber 4, so that the combustion characteristic is improved, the other part of fuel reformed gas enters the solid oxide fuel cell 5 to generate electric energy through chemical reaction, and the gas at the anode outlet of the solid oxide fuel cell 5 continuously enters the combustion chamber 2 to participate in the combustion reaction, so that the utilization rate of the fuel is further improved. The solid oxide fuel cell directly converts chemical energy of hydrocarbon fuel into electric energy through electrochemical reaction, and has the greatest advantages of high efficiency and cleanness. In practical applications, the solid oxide fuel cell and a gas turbine are often combined to form a hybrid power generation system to further improve energy conversion rate, reduce pollutant discharge, reduce economic cost, and the like.
The working process of the application is as follows: when the gas turbine normally operates, air is compressed by the air compressor 1 and then enters the combustion chamber 4 to be combusted with fuel reformed gas, gas in the combustion chamber 4 enters the high-pressure turbine 2 to expand and do work, then enters the cathode of the fuel cell 5 to generate chemical reaction with the fuel reformed gas, all reaction gas at the outlet of the fuel cell 5 enters the low-pressure turbine 3 to expand and do work, tail gas at the outlet of the low-pressure turbine 3 sequentially flows into the heat exchange reformer 6 and the evaporator 7 and then is discharged into the atmosphere, meanwhile, fuel and steam generate reforming reaction in the heat exchange reformer 6, the generated fuel reformer branches, one part of the generated fuel reformer branches flows into the solid oxide fuel cell 5 to generate chemical reaction, and the other part of the generated fuel reformer branches flows into the combustion chamber 4 to be combusted with incoming air.
The invention provides a novel steam reforming type energy-recycling gas turbine cycle by using the principle of the regenerative cycle and the reheating cycle of the gas turbine and combining the high-temperature working characteristics, high efficiency, cleanness and the like of a high-temperature solid oxide fuel cell, reasonably solving the defects of the traditional reheating cycle structure, and the use of the novel technology can obviously improve the output power and the thermal efficiency of the gas turbine, thereby reducing the oil consumption and reducing the pollutant emission. The invention provides a new idea for improving the comprehensive utilization rate of the power and the energy of the gas turbine.
The advanced circulation mode of the gas turbine is constructed, the circulation efficiency is improved, and the pollutant emission is reduced.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (1)
1. A fuel cell chemical backheating gas turbine reheating type combined cycle system is characterized in that: the device comprises a gas compressor (1), a combustion chamber (2), a high-pressure turbine (3), a solid oxide fuel cell (4), a low-pressure turbine (5), a chemical heat regenerator (6), an evaporator (7), a mixer (8) and a flow divider (9);
air enters the compressor (1) from the inlet of the compressor (1), the outlet of the compressor (1) is communicated with the first inlet of the combustion chamber (2), the outlet of the combustion chamber (2) is communicated with the inlet of the high-pressure turbine (3), the gas compressor (1) is connected with the high-pressure turbine (3) through a shaft, an outlet of the high-pressure turbine (3) is connected with a cathode inlet of the solid oxide fuel cell (4), a cathode outlet of the solid oxide fuel cell (4) is connected with an inlet of the low-pressure turbine (5), an outlet of the low-pressure turbine (5) is connected with a hot-flow-side inlet of the chemical regenerator (6), a hot-flow-side outlet of the chemical regenerator (6) is connected with a hot-flow-side inlet of the evaporator (7), a cold-flow-side outlet of the evaporator (7) is connected with an inlet of the mixer (8), an outlet of the mixer (8) is connected with a cold-flow-side inlet of the chemical regenerator (6), a cold-flow-side outlet of the chemical regenerator (6) is respectively connected with a second inlet of the combustion chamber (2) and an anode inlet of the fuel cell (4) through a shunt (9), an anode outlet of the solid oxide fuel cell (4) is connected with a third inlet of the combustion chamber (2), water enters the cold-flow-side inlet of the evaporator (7), and enters the mixed fuel outlet of the chemical regenerator (6) from the cold-flow-side of the evaporator (7);
the solid oxide fuel cell (4) is positioned between the high-pressure turbine (3) and the low-pressure turbine (5), and the high-temperature solid oxide fuel cell (4) as a reheater in front of the low-pressure turbine (5) can raise the temperature of the gas at the outlet of the high-pressure turbine (3);
the oxidant of the solid oxide fuel cell (4) is oxygen in the tail gas of the high-pressure turbine (3), and the reducing agent is fuel reforming mixed gas;
tail gas of the low-pressure turbine (5) enters a chemical heat regenerator (6) to provide heat for the fuel steam reforming reaction; the gas turbine is a high-power gas turbine, the fuel cell is a low-power fuel cell, the gas turbine is used for outputting main power, and the fuel cell is used for outputting auxiliary power;
the anode exhaust gas of the solid oxide fuel cell (4) enters the combustion chamber (2) through a nozzle arranged at the third inlet to continue participating in combustion; a part of gas which is split by a splitter (9) at a cold flow side outlet of the chemical regenerator (6) directly enters a combustion chamber through a nozzle arranged at a second inlet for combustion;
when the gas turbine normally operates, air is compressed by the air compressor (1) and then enters the combustion chamber (2) to be combusted with fuel reformed gas, gas in the combustion chamber (2) enters the high-pressure turbine (3) to expand and work, then enters the cathode of the fuel cell (4) to be chemically reacted with the fuel reformed gas, all reaction gas at the outlet of the fuel cell (4) enters the low-pressure turbine (5) to expand and work, tail gas at the outlet of the low-pressure turbine (5) sequentially flows into the chemical regenerator (6) and the evaporator (7) and then is discharged into the atmosphere, meanwhile, the fuel and water vapor are subjected to reforming reaction in the chemical regenerator (6), the generated fuel is shunted, one part of the fuel enters the solid oxide fuel cell (4) to be chemically reacted, and the other part of the fuel and incoming air are combusted in the combustion chamber (2).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110128135.6A CN112796886B (en) | 2021-01-29 | 2021-01-29 | Reheating type combined cycle system of fuel cell chemical backheating gas turbine |
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| CN202110128135.6A CN112796886B (en) | 2021-01-29 | 2021-01-29 | Reheating type combined cycle system of fuel cell chemical backheating gas turbine |
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| CN112796886A CN112796886A (en) | 2021-05-14 |
| CN112796886B true CN112796886B (en) | 2023-03-31 |
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| CN115306555A (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2022-11-08 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Gas turbine power generation system and method for reheating synthesis gas by decomposing ammonia with waste heat |
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| CA2025654C (en) * | 1989-09-19 | 1998-12-01 | Toshio Miyauchi | Method of and apparatus for utilizing and recovering co2 combustion exhaust gas |
| DE4032993C1 (en) * | 1990-10-15 | 1992-05-07 | Mannesmann Ag, 4000 Duesseldorf, De | |
| DE10120947A1 (en) * | 2001-04-22 | 2002-10-24 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Fuel cell air supply device has electrically-driven low-pressure compressor in series with high-pressure compressor with turbine for energy recovery |
| JP2003217602A (en) * | 2002-01-24 | 2003-07-31 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Combined power generation system using high temperature fuel cell |
| US6978621B2 (en) * | 2002-12-31 | 2005-12-27 | General Electric Company | Turbo recuperator device |
| GB2469043B (en) * | 2009-03-30 | 2011-02-23 | Lotus Car | A reheated gas turbine system having a fuel cell |
| CN104061706B (en) * | 2014-07-02 | 2016-02-10 | 山东大学 | Based on the co-feeding system of condensate fractionation ammonia power/kind of refrigeration cycle and SOFC/GT |
| CN112031935B (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2021-07-20 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Multistage backheating fuel cell and gas turbine hybrid power generation system based on plasma catalysis |
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