CN112031018A - Assembly type light supporting and retaining structure and construction method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an assembled light retaining structure and a construction method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: step one, leveling and paying off; step two, excavating a slot position; step three, pouring concrete; step four, construction of the retaining wall; fifthly, filling construction; step six, excavating a slot position; seventhly, installing an anchoring body and arranging transverse and vertical connecting anchor cables; step eight, repeating the step four to the step seven; step nine, tensioning and locking the anchor cable; step ten, building the retaining wall to reach the design height; and eleventh, finishing construction. Has the advantages that: the period is saved; the manufacturing cost is low; the reliability is high; the integrity is good; the applicability is strong.

Description

Assembled light-duty support structure and construction method

technical field

The invention relates to a support structure and a construction method, in particular to an assembled light support structure and a construction method.

Background technique

In recent years, with the advancement of transportation construction projects in the central and western regions, a large number of mountain road and railway projects have appeared, which requires large-scale excavation projects in mountainous areas. Based on the concept of reducing investment and land occupation, the design of mountain roads and railways is generally based on the principle of balance between excavation and filling, so a large number of filling works will be generated.

At present, the commonly used supporting structures for filling engineering include gravity retaining wall, anchoring plate retaining wall, reinforced soil retaining wall, etc., but these supporting structures are all insufficient, and have certain advantages in practical engineering applications. limitations. Gravity retaining walls are expensive and only suitable for low-height filling and retaining projects; the construction procedures of anchor plate retaining walls are more complicated (the position of the vertically set anchor plate is easy to deviate), and the fracture of a single tie rod will greatly Increasing the tension of the adjacent tie rods is likely to cause a chain reaction and cause local damage; reinforced earth retaining walls are generally used in relatively flat and spacious road sections, and steep hillsides are not conducive to tie bars. The limitation of the existing technology restricts the development of engineering construction, and the support structure for filling engineering stipulated by the current specification is difficult to meet the requirements of rapid construction of large-scale mountain transportation projects. Therefore, it is very necessary to research and develop a new type of assembled light support structure that is safe, reliable, economical, reasonable and technologically advanced, so that it can develop in the direction of miniaturization, light weight, scale and mechanization, and can maximize the support height.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The main purpose of the present invention is to provide an assembled light-duty retaining structure and a construction method in order to solve many problems of the retaining structure used in the existing filling engineering.

The assembled light-duty retaining structure provided by the present invention includes a foundation, a retaining wall, an anchor cable, an anchor and a connecting rod, wherein the retaining wall is arranged on the foundation, the anchor is arranged in the backfill behind the retaining wall, and the anchor The front end of the cable passes through the retaining wall, and the rear end of the anchor cable is fixedly connected with the anchor solid in the backfill behind the retaining wall. The adjacent anchor solids are connected by the anchor cable and the connecting rod. The anchor body forms a three-dimensional support structure.

The foundation is a groove-type structure with tenons in the grooves. The retaining wall is prefabricated. The retaining wall is made of prefabricated blocks. The upper part of each prefabricated block is provided with tenons, and the bottom of each prefabricated block is installed. Tongues and grooves are all provided, and the positions and sizes of the tenons correspond to the tenon grooves. The tenons are inserted into the tenon grooves to realize splicing. The tenon grooves at the bottom of the lowermost prefabricated blocks of the retaining wall are inserted into the tenons in the foundation grooves.

The front end of the anchor cable is screwed to the anchor after passing through the retaining wall, and the rear end of the anchor cable is screwed to the anchor in the backfill behind the retaining wall. For connection, the longitudinally adjacent anchors along the length of the retaining wall are connected by connecting rods.

An anchor cable hole is reserved on the prefabricated block through which the anchor cable is passed.

The construction method of the assembled light-duty support structure provided by the present invention is specifically as follows:

Step 1. Leveling the site, measuring and setting out the line: Before leveling the site, organize personnel to conduct on-site surveys to understand the topography, landform and surrounding environment of the site, and determine the scope of site leveling according to the design requirements and construction planning, and level the site before leveling. The obstacles in the site are cleaned up, and the site is excavated mechanically or manually to transform it into the plane required by the design of the supporting structure, and ensure that there is no expansive soil, saline soil, and corrosive acidic soil and soil on the site after leveling. organic soil;

After the start of the project, the first line-out is carried out. The line-out tool is "total station", and the positioning is carried out according to the positioning map. Finally, the positioning piles are determined at the construction site. Line-out and measurement, the site axis control pile is measured according to the positioning pile, the control pile adopts the protection pile, the elevation is introduced into the site, the closed back measurement method is adopted, and the level point in the site is set. ";

Step 2. Excavation of the foundation slot: According to the design requirements, the manual excavation method is used to excavate the required size of the foundation slot. In order to ensure the stability of the soil slope, the method of laying the side slope is adopted during the excavation, and the slope size is determined according to the design slope. , Drainage should be done before excavation of the foundation groove, and it is strictly forbidden for the foundation groove to be soaked in water for a long time to avoid the phenomenon of landslide;

Step 3. Pouring of foundation concrete: Before excavating the foundation slot in step 2, process several forming templates and shaping supports according to the requirements of the engineering construction drawings, so as to facilitate the erection of the template on site; in step 2, open the foundation slot. After excavation, it is necessary to measure the excavation groove. After the measurement is qualified, the reinforcement construction is carried out. First, after the main reinforcement is welded, install the main reinforcement at the four corners of the foundation and all the stirrups, and bind them firmly with 20 ^# iron wire. Binding, steel bar binding shall be bound and installed in strict accordance with the quantity and specifications required by the design. After the steel bar binding is completed, the formwork shall be erected according to the size given by the design and reinforced in time with rivets. When the formwork is erected in the foundation pit, consider the need for support. The tenon hole position corresponding to the tenon and groove at the bottom of the precast block of the bottom retaining wall is erected, so that the tenon can be formed when pouring concrete, and the tenon can be directly connected and installed with the bottom retaining wall. After the formwork is erected, the concrete is poured. In order to speed up the construction progress, an accelerator is added to the concrete. The amount of the accelerator is 5% of the weight of the concrete by weight. The foundation concrete is poured uniformly by a concrete batching station and then transported to the foundation tank by a concrete mixer truck. For pouring, the concrete strength is required to be C30. Before pouring the concrete into the foundation groove, fix the feeding port of the chute at the entrance, and connect the chute to the position of the pouring silo and fix it firmly. Enter the warehouse surface, and then use the plug-in flexible shaft vibrator to level and vibrate until the filling is completed, and the surface concrete is flattened and calendered;

Step 4. Construction of the prefabricated retaining wall: After the foundation concrete reaches the design strength in step 3, the construction of the prefabricated retaining wall is carried out. The prefabricated retaining wall is hoisted by crane and manually coordinated. The tenon groove and the tenon on the lower layer are reserved and spliced in a "displacement splicing" method. After they are in place, they are firmly supported to prevent overturning. The installation height of each retaining wall should be higher than the design height of the anchoring body of this layer, so as to better perform the anchoring. The uplift bearing capacity provided by the body;

Step 5. Backfill construction and compaction at the rear of the retaining wall: After the installation of each retaining wall is completed, when the strength of the foundation concrete reaches 85%, the construction of the backfill at the rear of the retaining wall is carried out. The backfill of earthwork is carried out by the method of ramming with a type rammer. Before ramming, the frog rammer will preliminarily level the backfilled soil. Connected, cross vertically and horizontally twice, ramming without leaving gaps, the ramming route starts from the periphery, and then rams to the middle. The filling construction must be compacted and compacted in layers according to the regulations. After the filling construction, the backfill soil of each layer shall be inspected. , use the sand-changing method to sample and measure the dry density of the soil, and find out the compactness of the soil. Only after meeting the design requirements can the upper layer be filled. The backfill height of each layer after compaction should be flush with the design height of the anchoring body of the layer;

Step 6. Excavate the slots for anchors, cables and connecting rods: After the construction of each layer of fill is completed, manually excavate the surface of the compacted and flat fill to carry out anchors, cables and connecting rods. When excavating the slot, ensure that the size of the excavation section conforms to the size of the anchor body, anchor cable and connecting rod, and the bottom of the slot is straight, and there is no collapse or water accumulation in the slot;

Step 7: Install the anchors, set up the horizontal and vertical connecting cables, and weld the connecting rods of the same layer of anchors: After excavating the slots for the anchors, cables and connecting rods in step 6, first set the Install the anchor at the slot of the anchor, and then install the anchor cable in the slot of the anchor cable. The rear end of the anchor cable and the anchor are locked by the anchor, and the front end of the anchor cable passes through the retaining wall and is temporarily locked. After the earthwork is backfilled, the end of the anchor cable is sealed and anchored. After the installation of the anchors on the same layer is completed, the anchors on the same layer are connected by connecting rods, and the connecting rods and the anchors are fixed by welding. The anchors are connected as a whole, which can provide greater bearing capacity;

Step 8. Repeat the above steps 4 to 7. When the upper-level anchors are installed, the lower-level anchors should be initially tensioned: when the upper-level anchors are installed and constructed, the lower-level anchors should be initially tensioned. After that, the masonry of the retaining wall and the earthwork backfilling at the rear of the retaining wall can be continued to the upper layer. When the height of the second layer of anchors is reached, the above construction shall be repeated according to the construction method of the first layer of anchors;

Step 9. Tension and lock the vertical connection anchor cable according to the design layer requirements: after the initial tension of the anchor body described in step 8 is completed, according to the design layer number requirements Connect the anchor cable for tensioning. The tensioning load is 10% of the design load. During tensioning, monitor the change of the vertical anchor and the deformation of the backfill. If there is an abnormal situation, stop the tensioning immediately, find out the cause, and take measures. Tension is carried out again, and vertical locking is carried out after the tensioning of the connecting anchor cables between several layers of anchors is completed;

Step 10. Repeat the above steps 4 to 9 until the retaining wall is built to the design height, and the horizontal anchor cables are graded and tensioned according to the design load: the graded tension load of the horizontal anchor cables is 10% of the design load. Monitor the change of the vertical anchor and the deformation of the backfill. If there is an abnormal situation, stop the tension immediately, find out the reason, and take measures to tension again until all the horizontal anchor cables are tensioned;

Step 11. Check and debug, seal the anchor head, and complete the construction.

The anchor cable is made of prestressed steel strands, and the ends of the anchor cable are fastened and installed with standard anchors, and then the jack is used for tensioning and debugging. The tensioning is carried out according to the design requirements. Lock the anchor through the end of the anchor cable at the retaining wall.

In step 1, when using the "total station" for positioning, at least six positioning piles are determined. Level metrology standard for metrological calibration control.

After the template is erected in step 3, the lifting point is detected. The deviation between the templates is less than 2cm. After the template is erected, the gap between the bottom of the template and the bottom of the foundation groove is tightly sealed.

For the filling construction in step 5, use a dump truck to transport soil, start backfilling from the lowest point, and backfill in layers from the bottom to the top. The thickness of each layer of backfill is not more than 50cm. The backfill soil must be compacted on the same day to avoid leakage. , Every 50cm of backfill, compaction once, the compaction coefficient of backfill earthwork is not less than 0.97.

Sealing the anchor in step 11 uses C30 concrete to seal the end of the anchor cable, and the thickness of the protective layer is 100mm.

The working principle of the present invention is as follows:

The assembled light-duty retaining structure provided by the present invention is composed of an assembled retaining wall, an anchor cable, an anchor, a connecting rod, a foundation and a filling, and the upper and lower adjacent anchors embedded in the backfill are connected by the anchor cable. , applying prestress to further compact the soil to obtain greater uplift bearing capacity; connecting rods are used between adjacent anchors along the length of the retaining wall to form space anchors. The anchor body is connected with the retaining wall after prestressing the embedded anchor cable to form a space stress system, and the overall stress is more uniform and stable. The earth pressure on the assembled light-duty retaining structure provided by the present invention is caused by the backfill and external load after the supporting structure. When the assembled light-duty supporting structure works, the earth pressure on the side wall of the supporting structure first acts on the assembly. The retaining wall is then transmitted to the anchoring body in the form of concentrated force through the anchor cable, which forms a balance with the uplift bearing capacity provided by the anchoring body, so as to spread the load to a wider range of soil to achieve The purpose of stabilizing the fill body. The construction of the present invention adopts the multi-layer cyclic operation mode of "excavation-support-backfill-tension connection-support-backfill". In actual construction, "anchor body installation" and "anchor cable installation" two The construction sequence can be changed according to the situation of the project site.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

1) Save the construction period. In the present invention, the horizontal square anchor plate is used as the anchor body and is spatially connected as a whole, and the bearing capacity can be provided after the anchor head is sealed. Construction and easy position deviation lead to complicated construction procedures and local damage; for the cast-in-place gravity retaining wall, the bearing capacity can be provided only after the concrete reaches a certain strength, the invention can effectively save the construction period.

2) Low cost. In addition to the foundation, all components of the present invention are factory prefabricated and assembled on site. Compared with the gravity retaining wall, the present invention does not require a large number of supporting projects with unstable temporary measures, high slope height and complex surrounding environment. Pouring concrete can effectively reduce the amount of cement used on site, which can greatly save time, labor and material costs.

3) High reliability. The compaction effect of the fill in the vertical direction is also the normal stress direction required by the anchor to provide a greater pull-out bearing capacity, which ensures the reliability of the bearing capacity.

4) Good integrity. All the anchors that provide the pull-out bearing capacity of the present invention are connected to form a three-dimensional whole. Compared with the anchor plate support structure, the three-dimensional overall force is more uniform and stable, and the integrity of the force system is better.

5) Strong applicability. Compared with the soil nailing wall support technology, the present invention is prestressed by the anchor cable, belongs to the active support technology, and can be applied to support projects with more complex engineering conditions and higher support heights.

6) Compared with the anchor plate retaining wall, the technical solution provided by the present invention can prevent the overall structural damage caused by local instability.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a front view of the support structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the support structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the basic structure of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the prefabricated blocks used in the retaining wall according to the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a front view of the prefabricated blocks used in the retaining wall according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic flowchart of the construction method of the retaining structure according to the present invention.

The annotations in the figure above are as follows:

1. Foundation 2. Retaining wall 3. Anchor cable 4. Backfill 5. Anchorage 6. Tenon 7. Prefabricated block 8. Tongue and groove 9. Anchor 10. Connecting rod.

Detailed ways

Please refer to Figures 1 to 6 as shown:

The assembled light-duty retaining structure provided by the present invention includes a foundation 1, a retaining wall 2, an anchor cable 3, an anchoring body 5 and a connecting rod 10, wherein the retaining wall 2 is arranged on the foundation 1, and the anchoring body 5 is arranged on the retaining soil In the backfill 4 behind the wall 2, the front end of the anchor cable 3 is worn on the retaining wall 2, and the rear end of the anchor cable 3 is fixedly connected with the anchor body 5 in the backfill 4 behind the retaining wall 2. The anchors 5 are connected by anchor cables 3 and connecting rods 10, and the retaining wall 2 and the anchors 5 form a three-dimensional support structure.

The foundation 1 is a groove-type structure, and the groove is provided with a tenon 6. The retaining wall 2 is an assembled type. The retaining wall 2 is made of prefabricated blocks 7, and the upper part of each prefabricated block 7 is provided with a tenon 6. , the bottom of each prefabricated block 7 is provided with a tongue and groove 8, the position and size of the tenon 6 and the tongue and groove 8 correspond, the tenon 6 is inserted into the tongue and groove 8 to realize splicing, and the tongue and groove at the bottom of the bottommost prefabricated block 7 of the retaining wall 2 8 is inserted into the tenon 6 in the groove of the foundation 1.

The front end of the anchor cable 3 is screwed on the anchor 9 after passing through the retaining wall 2, and the rear end of the anchor cable 3 is screwed on the anchor body 5 in the backfill 4 behind the retaining wall 2, and the upper and lower sides are adjacent to each other. The anchors 5 are also connected by anchor cables 3 , and the longitudinally adjacent anchors 5 along the length of the retaining wall 2 are connected by connecting rods 10 .

An anchor cable hole is reserved on the prefabricated block through which the anchor cable is passed.

The construction method of the assembled light-duty support structure provided by the present invention is as follows:

Step 1. Leveling the site, measuring and setting out the line: Before leveling the site, organize personnel to conduct on-site surveys to understand the topography, landform and surrounding environment of the site, and determine the scope of site leveling according to the design requirements and construction planning, and level the site before leveling. The obstacles in the site are cleaned up, and the site is excavated mechanically or manually to transform it into the plane required by the design of the supporting structure, and ensure that there is no expansive soil, saline soil, and corrosive acidic soil and soil on the site after leveling. organic soil;

After the start of the project, the first line-out is carried out. The line-out tool is "total station", and the positioning is carried out according to the positioning map. Finally, the positioning piles are determined at the construction site. Line-out and measurement, the site axis control pile is measured according to the positioning pile, the control pile adopts the protection pile, the elevation is introduced into the site, the closed back measurement method is adopted, and the level point in the site is set. ";

Step 2. Excavate the foundation 1 slot: According to the design requirements, use the manual excavation method to excavate the foundation 1 slot size that meets the requirements. In order to ensure the stability of the soil slope, the method of laying the slope is used during excavation, and the slope size is designed according to the design. The slope is determined, and drainage work should be done before the excavation of the foundation 1 slot. It is strictly forbidden to soak the foundation 1 slot with water for a long time to avoid landslides;

Step 3. Concrete pouring of foundation 1: Before excavating the slot of foundation 1 in step 2, process several forming templates and shaping supports according to the requirements of the engineering construction drawing, so as to facilitate the erection of the template on site; in step 2, foundation 1 After the slot is excavated, it is necessary to measure the excavated slot. After the measurement is passed, the reinforcement construction is carried out. First, after the main reinforcement is welded, install the main reinforcement at the four corners of the foundation and all the stirrups, and bind them firmly with 20 ^# iron wire. The plum-shaped binding is adopted. The binding and installation of the steel bars shall be carried out in strict accordance with the quantity and specifications required by the design. After the binding of the steel bars, the formwork shall be erected according to the size given by the design and reinforced in time with rivets. The formwork shall be erected in the foundation pit 1. At the same time, it is considered that the hole position of the tenon 6 corresponding to the tenon groove 8 at the bottom of the prefabricated block 7 of the bottom retaining wall 2 needs to be erected, so as to form the tenon 6 when pouring concrete, and directly connect and install with the bottom retaining wall 2. After the formwork is erected, the concrete is poured. In order to speed up the construction progress, an accelerator is added to the concrete, and the amount of the accelerator is 5% of the weight of the concrete. Then, the concrete mixer is transported to the foundation 1 slot for pouring, and the concrete strength is required to be C30. Before the concrete is poured into the foundation 1 slot, the chute feed port is fixed at the entrance position, and the chute is connected to the pouring silo surface. When pouring concrete, slip the concrete into the warehouse surface, and then use the plug-in flexible shaft vibrator to level and vibrate the warehouse until the pouring is completed, and the surface concrete is flattened and calendered;

Step 4. Construction of the prefabricated retaining wall 2: After the concrete of the foundation 1 reaches the design strength in step 3, the construction of the prefabricated retaining wall 2 is carried out. The prefabricated retaining wall 2 is hoisted by a crane and manually coordinated. 2. Install the reserved tenon groove 8 on the upper layer and the reserved tenon 6 on the lower layer and splicing them together in a "dislocation splicing" method. After they are in place, they are firmly supported to prevent overturning. The installation height of each retaining wall 2 should be higher than the anchoring body 5 of this layer. Design height, so as to better exert the anti-pulling bearing capacity provided by anchor 5;

Step 5. Backfill construction and compaction at the rear of the retaining wall 2: After each layer of the retaining wall 2 is installed, when the concrete strength of the foundation 1 reaches 85%, the construction of the backfill 4 at the rear of the retaining wall 2 is carried out, Backfill the earthwork by manual backfilling and ramming by frog-type rammer. Before the frog-type rammer ramming, the backfill soil 4 is preliminarily leveled. The ramming is connected, the rows are connected, and the two passes are crossed vertically and horizontally. The ramming route does not leave any gap. The ramming route starts from the periphery, and then rams to the middle. The filling construction must be compacted and compacted in layers according to the regulations. Each layer of backfill soil 4 is inspected, and the dry density of the soil is measured by the sand replacement method, and the compactness of the soil is obtained. Only after meeting the design requirements can the upper layer be filled. Body 5 is designed to be flush in height;

Step 6: Excavate the slots for anchors 5, anchor cables 3 and connecting rods 10: After the construction of each layer of fill is completed, manually excavate the surface of the compacted and flat fill to carry out anchors 5, anchors When excavating the slot of cable 3 and connecting rod 10, make sure that the size of the excavation section conforms to the dimensions of anchor body 5, anchor cable 3 and connecting rod 10, and the bottom of the slot is straight, and there is no collapse in the slot. stagnant water;

Step 7: Install the anchors 5, set up the horizontal and vertical connection anchor cables 3, and weld the connecting rods 10 of the anchors 5 on the same layer: in step 6, the slots of the anchors 5, the anchor cables 3 and the connecting rods 10 are excavated After completion, first install the anchor 5 at the slot where the anchor 5 is set, and then install the anchor cable 3 in the slot of the anchor cable 3. The rear end of the anchor cable 3 and the anchor 5 are locked by the anchor 9, The front end of the anchor cable 3 passes through the retaining wall 2 and is not locked temporarily. After the earthwork is backfilled, the end of the anchor cable 3 is sealed and anchored. After the installation of the anchors 5 on the same layer is completed, the anchors 5 on the same layer are connected by The rods 10 are connected, and the connecting rods 10 and the anchors 5 are fixed by welding, so that the anchors 5 of the same layer are connected as a whole, which can provide greater bearing capacity;

Step 8. Repeat the above-mentioned steps 4 to 7. When the upper-level anchor 5 is installed, the lower-level anchor 5 should be initially tensioned: when the upper-level anchor 5 is installed and constructed, the lower-level anchor 5 should be initially tensioned. After the initial tension is completed, the masonry of the retaining wall 2 and the earthwork backfilling at the rear of the retaining wall 2 can be continued to the upper layer. When the height of the second layer of anchors 5 is reached, the construction method of the first layer of anchors 5 can be repeated. the above construction;

Step 9. Tension and lock the vertical connection anchor cable 3 according to the requirements of the design layer number: after the initial tension of the anchor body 5 described in step 8 is completed, according to the design layer number requirements, the vertical connection anchor body 5 The connecting anchor cable 3 between them is tensioned, and the tension load is 10% of the design load. During tension, monitor the change of the vertical anchor 5 and the deformation of the backfill soil 4. If there is an abnormal situation, immediately stop the tension and check. If the reason is clear, after taking measures, tension is performed again, and vertical locking is performed after the connection anchor cable 3 between several layers of anchors 5 is tensioned;

Step 10. Repeat the above steps 4 to 9 until the retaining wall 2 is built to the design height, and the horizontal anchor cable 3 is graded and tensioned according to the design load: the graded tension load of the horizontal anchor cable 3 is 10% of the design load, Monitor the changes of the vertical anchors 5 and the deformation of the backfill 4 during tensioning. If there is an abnormal situation, stop tensioning immediately, find out the cause, and take measures to tension again until all horizontal anchor cables are tensioned. ;

Step 11. Check and debug, seal the anchor head, and complete the construction.

The anchor cable 3 is made of prestressed steel strands, and the end of the anchor cable 3 is fastened and installed with standard anchors 9, and then the jack is used for tensioning and debugging. The tensioning is carried out according to the design requirements. After completion, the end of the anchor cable 3 passing through the retaining wall 2 is locked and anchored.

In step 1, when using the "total station" for positioning, at least six positioning piles are determined. Level metrology standard for metrological calibration control.

After the template is erected in step 3, the lifting point is detected. The deviation between the templates is less than 2cm. After the template is erected, the gap between the bottom of the template and the bottom of the foundation groove is tightly sealed.

For the filling construction in step 5, use a dump truck to transport soil, start backfilling from the lowest point, and backfill in layers from the bottom to the top. The thickness of each layer of backfill is not more than 50cm. The backfill soil must be compacted on the same day to avoid leakage. , Every 50cm of backfill, compaction once, the compaction coefficient of backfill earthwork is not less than 0.97.

The anchor seal in step eleven is to use C30 concrete to seal the end of the anchor cable 3, and the thickness of the protective layer is 100mm.

The working principle of the present invention is as follows:

The prefabricated light-duty retaining structure provided by the present invention is composed of prefabricated retaining walls 2, anchor cables 3, anchors 5, connecting rods 10, foundations 1 and fill, and the adjacent anchors embedded in the backfill 4 5 is connected to form a space body, that is, the anchors 5 are connected up and down by applying prestressing force through the anchor cable 3, and the adjacent anchors 5 along the length of the retaining wall 2 are connected by connecting rods 10. The anchor body 5 is connected with the retaining wall 2 after prestressing the pre-embedded anchor cable 3 to form a space force system, and the overall force is more uniform and stable. The earth pressure on the assembled light-duty retaining structure provided by the present invention is caused by the backfill soil 4 behind the supporting structure and the external load. When the assembled light-duty supporting structure works, the earth pressure of the side wall of the supporting structure first acts on the assembly. On the retaining wall 2, and then act on the anchor cable 3 in the form of concentrated force, and then transmit it to the anchor body 5 through the anchor cable 3, and form a balance with the pull-out bearing capacity provided by the anchor body 5, so as to spread the load. To a larger range of soil, in order to achieve the purpose of stabilizing the filling. The construction of the present invention adopts the multi-layer cycle operation mode of "excavation-support-backfill-tension connection-support-backfill". During actual construction, "installation of anchor body 5" and "installation of anchor cable 3" The construction sequence of the two processes can be exchanged according to the situation of the project site.

Claims (10)

1. An assembled light-duty retaining structure is characterized in that: comprising a foundation, a retaining wall, an anchor cable, an anchor and a connecting rod, wherein the retaining wall is arranged on the foundation, and the anchor is arranged at the rear of the retaining wall. In the backfill, the front end of the anchor cable passes through the retaining wall, the rear end of the anchor cable is fixedly connected with the anchor solid in the backfill soil behind the retaining wall, and the adjacent anchor solids are connected by the anchor cable and the connecting rod. , the retaining wall and the anchors form a three-dimensional retaining structure. 2. An assembled light-duty retaining structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the foundation is a groove-type structure, a tenon is arranged in the groove, the retaining wall is assembled, and the retaining wall It is made of prefabricated blocks. The upper part of each prefabricated block is provided with a tenon, and the bottom of each prefabricated block is provided with a tenon and groove. The position and size of the tenon and the tenon groove correspond to the tenon and the tenon groove. The tongue and groove at the bottom of the bottommost prefabricated block of the earth wall are inserted into the tenon in the foundation groove. 3. An assembled light-duty retaining structure according to claim 1, wherein the front end of the anchor cable is screwed on the anchor after passing through the retaining wall, and the rear end of the anchor cable It is screwed on the anchors in the backfill behind the retaining wall, the upper and lower adjacent anchors are also connected by anchor cables, and the longitudinally adjacent anchors along the length of the retaining wall are connected by connecting rods. 4 . The assembled light-duty support structure according to claim 2 , wherein the anchor cable holes are reserved on the prefabricated blocks through which the anchor cables are pierced. 5 . 5. A construction method for an assembled light-duty support structure, characterized in that: the method is as follows: Step 1. Leveling the site, measuring and setting out the line: Before leveling the site, organize personnel to conduct on-site surveys to understand the topography, landform and surrounding environment of the site, and determine the scope of site leveling according to the design requirements and construction planning, and level the site before leveling. The obstacles in the site are cleaned up, and the site is excavated mechanically or manually to transform it into the plane required by the design of the supporting structure, and ensure that there is no expansive soil, saline soil, and corrosive acidic soil and soil on the site after leveling. organic soil; After the start of the project, the first line-out is carried out. The line-out tool is "total station", and the positioning is carried out according to the positioning map. Finally, the positioning piles are determined at the construction site. Line-out and measurement, the site axis control pile is measured according to the positioning pile, the control pile adopts the protection pile, the elevation is introduced into the site, the closed back measurement method is adopted, and the level point in the site is set. "; Step 2. Excavation of the foundation slot: According to the design requirements, the manual excavation method is used to excavate the required size of the foundation slot. In order to ensure the stability of the soil slope, the method of laying the side slope is adopted during the excavation, and the slope size is determined according to the design slope. , Drainage should be done before excavation of the foundation groove, and it is strictly forbidden for the foundation groove to be soaked in water for a long time to avoid the phenomenon of landslide; Step 3. Pouring of foundation concrete: Before excavating the foundation slot in step 2, process several forming templates and shaping supports according to the requirements of the engineering construction drawings, so as to facilitate the erection of the template on site; in step 2, open the foundation slot. After excavation, it is necessary to measure the excavation groove. After the measurement is qualified, the reinforcement construction is carried out. First, after the main reinforcement is welded, install the main reinforcement at the four corners of the foundation and all the stirrups, and bind them firmly with 20 ^# iron wire. Binding, steel bar binding shall be bound and installed in strict accordance with the quantity and specifications required by the design. After the steel bar binding is completed, the formwork shall be erected according to the size given by the design and reinforced in time with rivets. When the formwork is erected in the foundation pit, consider the need for support. The tenon hole position corresponding to the tenon and groove at the bottom of the precast block of the bottom retaining wall is erected, so that the tenon can be formed when pouring concrete, and the tenon can be directly connected and installed with the bottom retaining wall. After the formwork is erected, the concrete is poured. In order to speed up the construction progress, an accelerator is added to the concrete. The amount of the accelerator is 5% of the weight of the concrete by weight. The foundation concrete is poured uniformly by a concrete batching station and then transported to the foundation tank by a concrete mixer truck. For pouring, the concrete strength is required to be C30. Before pouring the concrete into the foundation groove, fix the feeding port of the chute at the entrance, and connect the chute to the position of the pouring silo and fix it firmly. Enter the warehouse surface, and then use the plug-in flexible shaft vibrator to level and vibrate until the filling is completed, and the surface concrete is flattened and calendered; Step 4. Construction of the prefabricated retaining wall: After the foundation concrete reaches the design strength in step 3, the construction of the prefabricated retaining wall is carried out. The prefabricated retaining wall is hoisted by crane and manually coordinated. The tenon groove and the tenon on the lower layer are reserved and spliced in a "displacement splicing" method. After they are in place, they are firmly supported to prevent overturning. The installation height of each retaining wall should be higher than the design height of the anchoring body of this layer, so as to better perform the anchoring. The uplift bearing capacity provided by the body; Step 5. Backfill construction and compaction at the rear of the retaining wall: After the installation of each retaining wall is completed, when the strength of the foundation concrete reaches 85%, the construction of the backfill at the rear of the retaining wall is carried out. The backfill of earthwork is carried out by the method of ramming with a type rammer. Before ramming, the frog rammer will preliminarily level the backfilled soil. Connected, cross vertically and horizontally twice, ramming without leaving gaps, the ramming route starts from the periphery, and then rams to the middle. The filling construction must be compacted and compacted in layers according to the regulations. After the filling construction, the backfill soil of each layer shall be inspected. , use the sand-changing method to sample and measure the dry density of the soil, and find out the compactness of the soil. Only after meeting the design requirements can the upper layer be filled. The backfill height of each layer after compaction should be flush with the design height of the anchoring body of the layer; Step 6. Excavate the slots for anchors, cables and connecting rods: After the construction of each layer of fill is completed, manually excavate the surface of the compacted and flat fill to carry out anchors, cables and connecting rods. When excavating the slot, ensure that the size of the excavation section conforms to the size of the anchor body, anchor cable and connecting rod, and the bottom of the slot is straight, and there is no collapse or water accumulation in the slot; Step 7: Install the anchors, set up the horizontal and vertical connecting cables, and weld the connecting rods of the same layer of anchors: After excavating the slots for the anchors, cables and connecting rods in step 6, first set the Install the anchor at the slot of the anchor, and then install the anchor cable in the slot of the anchor cable. The rear end of the anchor cable and the anchor are locked by the anchor, and the front end of the anchor cable passes through the retaining wall and is temporarily locked. After the earthwork is backfilled, the end of the anchor cable is sealed and anchored. After the installation of the anchors on the same layer is completed, the anchors on the same layer are connected by connecting rods, and the connecting rods and the anchors are fixed by welding. The anchors are connected as a whole, which can provide greater bearing capacity; Step 8. Repeat the above steps 4 to 7. When the upper-level anchors are installed, the lower-level anchors should be initially tensioned: when the upper-level anchors are installed and constructed, the lower-level anchors should be initially tensioned. After that, the masonry of the retaining wall and the earthwork backfilling at the rear of the retaining wall can be continued to the upper layer. When the height of the second layer of anchors is reached, the above construction shall be repeated according to the construction method of the first layer of anchors; Step 9. Tension and lock the vertical connection anchor cable according to the design layer requirements: after the initial tension of the anchor body described in step 8 is completed, according to the design layer number requirements Connect the anchor cable for tensioning. The tensioning load is 10% of the design load. During tensioning, monitor the change of the vertical anchor and the deformation of the backfill. If there is an abnormal situation, stop the tensioning immediately, find out the cause, and take measures. Tension is carried out again, and vertical locking is carried out after the tensioning of the connecting anchor cables between several layers of anchors is completed; Step 10. Repeat the above steps 4 to 9 until the retaining wall is built to the design height, and the horizontal anchor cables are graded and tensioned according to the design load: the graded tension load of the horizontal anchor cables is 10% of the design load. Monitor the change of the vertical anchor and the deformation of the backfill. If there is an abnormal situation, stop the tension immediately, find out the reason, and take measures to tension again until all the horizontal anchor cables are tensioned; Step 11. Check and debug, seal the anchor head, and complete the construction. 6 . The construction method of an assembled light-duty support structure according to claim 5 , wherein the anchor cable is made of prestressed steel strands, and the ends of the anchor cable are fastened with standard anchors. 7 . After installation, the jack is used for tensioning and debugging. The tensioning is carried out according to the design requirements. After the graded tensioning and debugging of the anchor cable is completed, the end of the anchor cable passing through the retaining wall is locked and anchored. 7. The construction method of an assembled light-duty retaining structure according to claim 5, wherein in the step 1, at least six positioning piles are determined when using a "total station" for positioning, and the measuring and positioning used The "total station", "theodolite", "level instrument" and the measuring instruments of the control quality testing equipment in the service cycle are measured and calibrated according to the secondary measurement standard. 8. The construction method of an assembled light-duty support structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: after the template is erected in the step 3, the lifting point is detected, and the deviation between the templates is less than 2cm, and the After the formwork is erected, seal the gap between the bottom of the formwork and the bottom of the foundation slot tightly. 9 . The construction method of an assembled light-duty support structure according to claim 5 , wherein the filling construction in the step 5 is carried out with a manpower dump truck to carry soil, and the backfilling starts from the lowest point and reaches the bottom. 10 . The upper layer is backfilled, and the thickness of each layer of backfill is not more than 50cm. The backfill soil must be compacted on the same day to avoid leakage of compaction. Every 50cm of backfill should be compacted once. 10. The construction method of an assembled light-duty retaining structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: the sealing anchor in the eleventh step is to use C30 concrete to seal the end of the anchor cable, and the thickness of the protective layer is is 100mm.

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