CN112031018A - Assembly type light supporting and retaining structure and construction method - Google Patents
Assembly type light supporting and retaining structure and construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112031018A CN112031018A CN202010999455.4A CN202010999455A CN112031018A CN 112031018 A CN112031018 A CN 112031018A CN 202010999455 A CN202010999455 A CN 202010999455A CN 112031018 A CN112031018 A CN 112031018A
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 83
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D15/00—Handling building or like materials for hydraulic engineering or foundations
- E02D15/02—Handling of bulk concrete specially for foundation or hydraulic engineering purposes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
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Abstract
The invention discloses an assembled light retaining structure and a construction method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: step one, leveling and paying off; step two, excavating a slot position; step three, pouring concrete; step four, construction of the retaining wall; fifthly, filling construction; step six, excavating a slot position; seventhly, installing an anchoring body and arranging transverse and vertical connecting anchor cables; step eight, repeating the step four to the step seven; step nine, tensioning and locking the anchor cable; step ten, building the retaining wall to reach the design height; and eleventh, finishing construction. Has the advantages that: the period is saved; the manufacturing cost is low; the reliability is high; the integrity is good; the applicability is strong.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a supporting and retaining structure and a construction method, in particular to an assembled light supporting and retaining structure and a construction method.
Background
In recent years, with the advance of traffic construction projects in the midwest, a large number of mountain road and railway projects have appeared, and thus, large-scale excavation projects in mountain areas have been required. Based on the concept of reducing investment and occupied land, the design of mountain roads and railways generally follows the principle of digging and filling balance, so that a large amount of filling projects are generated.
At present, common filling engineering retaining structures comprise gravity retaining walls, anchor plate retaining walls, reinforced retaining walls and the like, but the retaining structures are all insufficient, and have certain limitation on the application of actual engineering. The gravity retaining wall has high manufacturing cost and is only suitable for filling retaining projects with lower height; the construction procedure of the retaining wall of the anchor plate is complex (the position of the vertically arranged anchor plate is easy to deviate), and the tension of the adjacent pull rod can be greatly increased by breaking the single pull rod, so that chain reaction is easy to cause and local damage is caused; the reinforced earth retaining wall is generally applied to road sections with relatively flat and spacious terrain, and the steep hillside of the terrain is not beneficial to arrangement of tie bars. The limitation of the prior art restricts the development of engineering construction, and the retaining structure for filling engineering specified by the current specification is difficult to adapt to the requirement of rapid construction of large-scale mountain traffic projects. Therefore, it is very necessary to research and develop a novel assembled light supporting structure which is safe, reliable, economical, reasonable and advanced in technology, so that the structure is developed towards miniaturization, light weight, large scale and mechanization, and the supporting height can be maximized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to solve the problems of a supporting and retaining structure used in the existing filling engineering and provides an assembled light supporting and retaining structure and a construction method.
The invention provides an assembled light retaining structure which comprises a foundation, a retaining wall, anchor cables, anchoring bodies and connecting rods, wherein the retaining wall is arranged on the foundation, the anchoring bodies are arranged in backfill behind the retaining wall, the front ends of the anchor cables penetrate through the retaining wall, the rear ends of the anchor cables are fixedly connected with the anchoring bodies in the backfill behind the retaining wall, the adjacent anchoring bodies are connected through the anchor cables and the connecting rods, and the retaining wall and the anchoring bodies form a three-dimensional retaining structure.
The foundation is a groove-shaped structure, tenons are arranged in grooves, the retaining wall is assembled and formed by building prefabricated blocks, the tenons are arranged on the upper portions of all the prefabricated blocks, mortises are formed in the bottom of all the prefabricated blocks, the positions and the sizes of the tenons and the mortises are corresponding, the tenons are inserted into the mortises to achieve splicing, and the mortises in the bottoms of the lowest prefabricated blocks of the retaining wall are inserted into the tenons in the grooves of the foundation.
The front end of the anchor rope penetrates through the retaining wall, the end of the anchor rope is in threaded connection with the anchorage device, the rear end of the anchor rope is in threaded connection with the anchorage body in the backfill soil behind the retaining wall, the vertically adjacent anchorage bodies are also connected through the anchor rope, and the longitudinally adjacent anchorage bodies in the length direction of the retaining wall are connected through the connecting rod.
An anchor cable hole is reserved on the precast block with the anchor cable penetrating through.
The invention provides a construction method of an assembled light retaining structure, which comprises the following specific steps:
step one, leveling a field, measuring and setting out: before the field is leveled, an organizer carries out on-site investigation on the field to know the topography, the landform and the surrounding environment of the field, determines the leveling range of the field according to design requirements and construction planning, cleans up obstacles in the leveling range of the field before the field is leveled, excavates earthwork in the field in a mechanical or manual mode, reforms the ground into a plane required by the design of a retaining structure, and ensures that the plane of the field after leveling is free of expansive soil, saline soil, acidic soil with corrosion and organic soil;
carrying out first paying-off after engineering start, wherein a paying-off tool is a 'total station', positioning is carried out according to a positioning diagram, finally a positioning pile is determined on a construction site, paying-off and measurement are carried out on foundation engineering and main engineering by using a 'theodolite' after the positioning pile is determined, a ground axis is measured according to the positioning pile, a control pile adopts a protection pile, the elevation is led into the site, a closed surveying method is adopted, a water level point in the site is set, a 'theodolite' is used for axis measurement, and a 'level gauge' is used for measuring the water level point;
step two, excavating a foundation trench: according to design requirements, adopting a manual excavation method to excavate foundation slot positions meeting requirements, adopting a side slope method during excavation to ensure the stability of a soil slope, determining the gradient according to the design gradient, making drainage work before excavation of the foundation slot positions, and strictly forbidding the foundation slot positions to be soaked by water for a long time so as to avoid the collapse phenomenon;
step three, pouring of foundation concrete: before the foundation trench in the second step is excavated, a plurality of forming templates and shaping supports are processed according to the requirements of engineering construction drawings so as to be convenient for erecting the templates on site; after the foundation trench in the step two is excavated, measuring the excavated trench, and after the measurement is qualified, performing reinforcement binding construction, firstly, after the main reinforcing steel bars are welded, installing main reinforcing steel bars and all stirrups at four corners of the foundation, and using 20 for the main reinforcing steel bars#Iron wire ligature is firm, adopt plum blossom mold ligature, steel reinforcement need strictly carry out the ligature installation according to design requirement's quantity and specification, accomplish steel reinforcement back, prop up the template and in time consolidate with the rivet according to the size that the design is given, the tenon hole site of the corresponding size of tongue-and-groove that needs to prop up and bottom retaining wall prefabricated section bottom is considered when the template is propped up in the foundation pit to form the tenon when pouring the concrete, and with bottom retaining wall lug connection installation, accomplish the template and carry out the ligature installation according to the quantity that the design requires, accomplish the tenon hole site of the corresponding size of tongue-After erecting, pouring concrete, adding an accelerating agent into the concrete in order to accelerate the construction progress, wherein the mixing amount of the accelerating agent is 5% of the weight of the concrete in parts by weight, the basic concrete is poured and uniformly mixed by adopting a concrete mixing plant and then is transported to a basic slot position by using a concrete mixer truck for pouring, the concrete strength requirement is C30, before the concrete is poured into the basic slot position, a chute feed inlet is fixed at an inlet position, and the chute is continuously connected to the position of a pouring bin surface and is fixedly fixed firmly, when the concrete is poured, the concrete is slid into the bin surface, then a flexible shaft insertion type vibrator is used for leveling and vibrating until the pouring is finished, and the surface concrete is leveled and polished;
step four, construction of the assembled retaining wall: after the foundation concrete reaches the design strength in the third step, construction of the assembled retaining wall is carried out, the assembled retaining wall is hoisted by a crane and is manually matched, the retaining wall is installed by splicing the upper-layer reserved tenon groove and the lower-layer reserved tenon in a staggered splicing mode, the retaining wall is stably supported after being in place to prevent overturning, and the installation height of each layer of the retaining wall needs to be higher than the design height of the anchoring body of the layer so as to better exert the anti-pulling bearing force effect provided by the anchoring body;
fifthly, filling and compacting the soil behind the retaining wall: after each layer of retaining wall is installed, when the strength of the foundation concrete reaches 85%, constructing backfill at the rear part of the retaining wall, backfilling earthwork by adopting an artificial backfill and frog ramming machine ramming method, primarily leveling the backfill before ramming by the frog ramming machine, ramming by the ramming machine in sequence, compacting by one ramming and half compacting, connecting the ramming and the row, crossing the ramming in a crisscross manner twice, leaving no gap in the ramming, starting a row of ramming route from the periphery, then ramming to the middle, compacting by layer according to a regulation, inspecting the backfill of each layer after the filling construction, sampling by a sand changing method to determine the dry density of the soil, obtaining the compactness of the soil, filling an upper layer after the compactness of the soil meets the design requirement, and leveling the height of the backfill after each layer of compacting to the design height of an anchoring body of the layer;
excavating slot positions of the anchoring bodies, the anchor cables and the connecting rods: after each layer of filling construction is finished, excavating the groove positions of the anchoring body, the anchor cable and the connecting rod by adopting a manual excavation method on the compacted and leveled filling surface, and ensuring that the size of the excavation section accords with the size of the anchoring body, the anchor cable and the connecting rod and the bottom of the groove position is straight when the groove position is excavated, so that no collapse and no water accumulation exist in the groove;
seventhly, installing an anchoring body, setting transverse and vertical connecting anchor cables, and welding connecting rods of the anchoring bodies on the same layer: after the trench excavation of the anchor body, the anchor cable and the connecting rod is finished in the sixth step, firstly, the anchor body is installed at the trench position of the set anchor body, then, the anchor cable is installed at the trench position of the anchor cable, the rear end of the anchor cable and the anchor body are locked through the anchor, the front end of the anchor cable penetrates through the retaining wall and is not locked temporarily, after the earth backfilling is finished, the anchor sealing of the end head of the anchor cable is carried out, after the installation of the anchor bodies on the same layer is finished, the anchor bodies on the same layer are connected through the connecting rod, the connecting rod and the anchor bodies are fixed through welding, so that the anchor bodies on the same layer are connected into a whole;
step eight, repeating the steps from four to seven, and when the superior anchor body is installed, performing initial tensioning on the inferior anchor body: when the upper layer of anchoring body is installed and constructed, the lower layer of anchoring body is subjected to initial tensioning, after the first layer of initial tensioning is completed, the construction of the retaining wall and the earth backfilling at the rear part of the retaining wall can be continuously carried out on the upper layer, and when the height of the second layer of anchoring body is reached, the construction is repeated according to the construction method of the first layer of anchoring body;
step nine, tensioning and locking the vertical connecting anchor cable according to the design layer number requirement: after the primary tensioning of the anchoring bodies is completed in the step eight, tensioning the connecting anchor cables between the vertical layers of the anchoring bodies according to the requirement of the designed layer number, wherein the tensioning load is 10% of the designed load, monitoring the change of the vertical anchoring bodies and the deformation of backfill soil during tensioning, immediately stopping tensioning if abnormal conditions occur, finding the reason, performing tensioning again after measures are taken, and performing vertical locking after the tensioning of the connecting anchor cables between the layers of the anchoring bodies is completed;
step ten, repeating the steps from the fourth step to the ninth step until the building of the retaining wall reaches the design height, and stretching the horizontal anchor cables in a grading manner according to the design load: the step of tensioning the horizontal anchor cables is that the load is 10% of the design load, the change of the vertical anchoring bodies and the deformation of backfill soil are monitored during tensioning, if abnormal conditions occur, tensioning is stopped immediately, the reason is found, measures are taken, and then tensioning is carried out again until all the horizontal anchor cables are tensioned;
and step eleven, checking and debugging, sealing the anchor head, and finishing construction.
The anchor cable is made of prestressed steel strands, the end of the anchor cable is tightly installed through a standard anchorage device, then a jack is used for tensioning and debugging, tensioning is carried out according to design requirements, and locking and anchor sealing are carried out on the end of the anchor cable penetrating through the retaining wall after the anchor cable is tensioned and debugged in stages.
And in the first step, a total station is used for positioning, at least six positioning piles are determined, and the total station, the theodolite, the level gauge and a measuring instrument for controlling quality detection equipment for measuring and positioning perform measurement calibration control according to a secondary measurement standard in a use period.
And step three, after the templates are erected, carrying out lifting point detection, wherein the deviation between the templates is less than 2cm, and after the templates are erected, sealing the gap between the bottom of each template and the bottom of the foundation slot tightly.
And fifthly, carrying the earth by the dump truck for filling construction, backfilling from the lowest part to the lower part and the upper part in layers, backfilling, wherein the thickness of each layer of backfilled earth is not more than 50cm, the backfilled earth in the same day must be compacted in the same day to avoid missing tamping, and the compacting coefficient of the backfilled earth is not less than 0.97 once every 50cm of backfilling is carried out.
And sealing the anchor in the eleventh step by adopting C30 concrete to seal the end of the anchor cable, wherein the thickness of the protective layer is 100 mm.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the assembled light retaining structure provided by the invention consists of an assembled retaining wall, anchor cables, anchor bodies, connecting rods, a foundation and a filler, wherein the upper and lower adjacent anchor bodies embedded in backfill soil are connected through the anchor cables, and prestress is applied to further compact a soil body so as to obtain higher uplift bearing capacity; and connecting rods are used for screwing adjacent anchoring bodies along the length direction of the retaining wall to form a space anchoring body. The anchor body is connected with the retaining wall after applying prestressing force through pre-buried anchor rope, forms the space atress system, and whole atress is more even, more stable. The soil pressure borne by the assembled light supporting and blocking structure is caused by backfill and external loads behind the supporting and blocking structure, when the assembled light supporting and blocking structure works, the soil pressure on the side wall of the supporting and blocking structure acts on an assembled retaining wall firstly, then is transmitted to the anchoring body through the anchor rope in a concentrated force mode, and forms balance with the pulling-resistant bearing capacity provided by the anchoring body, so that the load is diffused to a soil body in a larger range, and the purpose of stably filling the soil body is achieved. The construction of the invention adopts a multi-layer circulating operation mode of 'excavation, supporting, backfilling, tensioning connection, supporting and backfilling', and the two procedures of 'installation of an anchoring body' and 'installation of an anchor rope' can change the construction sequence according to the situation of an engineering site in actual construction.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) and the construction period is saved. The horizontal square anchor plate is used as the anchoring body and is connected into a whole in space, and bearing capacity can be provided after the anchor head is sealed, compared with the retaining wall with the anchor plate, the retaining wall has the advantages that construction is influenced due to the fact that the anchor plate is vertically arranged, and the construction procedure is complex and local damage is easily caused due to the fact that the position is easy to deviate; the construction method can effectively save the construction period for the cast-in-place gravity type retaining wall which can provide bearing capacity after the concrete reaches a certain strength.
2) The cost is low. The invention is characterized in that all components are prefabricated in factories and assembled on site except the foundation, and compared with the gravity retaining wall, the invention has the advantages of unstable temporary measures, high slope height and complex surrounding environment.
3) The reliability is high. The compaction action of the filling in the vertical direction is also the normal stress direction required by the anchoring body for providing larger uplift bearing capacity, so that the reliability of the bearing capacity is ensured.
4) The integrity is good. All the anchoring bodies providing the uplift bearing capacity are connected to form a three-dimensional whole, and compared with an anchoring plate retaining structure, the three-dimensional whole is more uniform and stable in stress, and the stress system is better in integrity.
5) The applicability is strong. Compared with the retaining technology of the soil nailing wall, the invention applies prestress by the anchor cable, belongs to the active retaining technology, and is suitable for retaining engineering with more complex engineering conditions and higher retaining height.
6) Compared with the retaining wall with the anchor plate, the retaining wall with the anchor plate has the advantage that the overall structure damage caused by local instability can be prevented.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front view of the retaining structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structure view of the retaining structure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the basic structure of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a precast block used in the retaining wall of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a front view of a precast block for a retaining wall according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic flow chart of a construction method of the retaining structure according to the present invention.
The labels in the above figures are as follows:
1. foundation 2, retaining wall 3, anchor rope 4, backfill soil 5, anchor 6, tenon 7, precast block 8, tongue-and-groove 9, ground tackle 10, connecting rod.
Detailed Description
Please refer to fig. 1 to 6:
the invention provides an assembled light retaining structure which comprises a foundation 1, a retaining wall 2, anchor ropes 3, anchoring bodies 5 and connecting rods 10, wherein the retaining wall 2 is arranged on the foundation 1, the anchoring bodies 5 are arranged in backfill soil 4 behind the retaining wall 2, the front ends of the anchor ropes 3 penetrate through the retaining wall 2, the rear ends of the anchor ropes 3 are fixedly connected with the anchoring bodies 5 in the backfill soil 4 behind the retaining wall 2, the adjacent anchoring bodies 5 are connected through the anchor ropes 3 and the connecting rods 10, and the retaining wall 2 and the anchoring bodies 5 form a three-dimensional retaining structure.
The front end of the anchor cable 3 penetrates through the retaining wall 2 and then is in threaded connection with the anchorage device 9, the rear end of the anchor cable 3 is in threaded connection with the anchoring bodies 5 in the backfill soil 4 behind the retaining wall 2, the vertically adjacent anchoring bodies 5 are also connected through the anchor cable 3, and the longitudinally adjacent anchoring bodies 5 along the length direction of the retaining wall 2 are connected through the connecting rod 10.
An anchor cable hole is reserved on the precast block with the anchor cable penetrating through.
The invention provides a construction method of an assembled light retaining structure, which comprises the following specific steps:
step one, leveling a field, measuring and setting out: before the field is leveled, an organizer carries out on-site investigation on the field to know the topography, the landform and the surrounding environment of the field, determines the leveling range of the field according to design requirements and construction planning, cleans up obstacles in the leveling range of the field before the field is leveled, excavates earthwork in the field in a mechanical or manual mode, reforms the ground into a plane required by the design of a retaining structure, and ensures that the plane of the field after leveling is free of expansive soil, saline soil, acidic soil with corrosion and organic soil;
carrying out first paying-off after engineering start, wherein a paying-off tool is a 'total station', positioning is carried out according to a positioning diagram, finally a positioning pile is determined on a construction site, paying-off and measurement are carried out on foundation engineering and main engineering by using a 'theodolite' after the positioning pile is determined, a ground axis is measured according to the positioning pile, a control pile adopts a protection pile, the elevation is led into the site, a closed surveying method is adopted, a water level point in the site is set, a 'theodolite' is used for axis measurement, and a 'level gauge' is used for measuring the water level point;
step two, excavating a foundation 1 slot: according to design requirements, adopting a manual excavation method to excavate the size of the foundation 1 groove meeting requirements, adopting a side slope method during excavation to ensure the stability of the earth slope, determining the gradient size according to the design gradient, making drainage work before excavation of the foundation 1 groove, strictly forbidding the foundation 1 groove to be soaked by water for a long time, and avoiding the collapse phenomenon;
step three, pouring concrete on the foundation 1: before trench excavation of the foundation 1 in the step two, processing a plurality of forming templates and shaping supports according to the requirements of engineering construction drawings so as to conveniently erect the templates on site; after the trench of the foundation 1 in the step two is excavated, measuring the trench of the excavation, and after the measurement is qualified, performing reinforcement binding construction, firstly, after the main reinforcing steel bars are welded, installing main reinforcing steel bars and all stirrups at four corners of the foundation, and using 20 for the main reinforcing steel bars#The binding of iron wires is firm, quincunx binding is adopted, the binding of steel bars needs to be strictly carried out according to the quantity and the specification of the design requirement, after the binding of the steel bars is finished, a template is erected according to the designed given size and is timely reinforced by rivets, the template is erected in a hole of a foundation 1, and meanwhile, a tenon 6 hole site with the size corresponding to a tenon groove 8 at the bottom of a precast block 7 of a bottom retaining wall 2 needs to be erected, so that a tenon 6 is formed when concrete is poured and is directly connected and installed with the bottom retaining wall 2, after the erecting of the template is finished, the pouring of the concrete is carried out, in order to accelerate the construction progress, an accelerating agent is added into the concrete, the mixing amount of the accelerating agent in parts by weight is 5% of the weight of the concrete, after the concrete is poured and uniformly mixed by a concrete mixing station, a concrete mixing truck is used for transporting the concrete to the groove of the foundation 1 for pouring, the concrete strength requirement is, before concrete is poured into the groove position of the foundation 1, a feed inlet of a chute is fixed at the inlet position, the chute is continuously connected to the position of the pouring bin surface and is firmly fixed, when the concrete is poured, the concrete slides into the bin surface, then an inserted flexible shaft vibrator is used for leveling and vibrating the bin until the pouring is finished, and the concrete on the surface is leveled and polished;
step four, construction of the assembled retaining wall 2: after the concrete of the foundation 1 reaches the design strength in the third step, the construction of the assembled retaining wall 2 is carried out, the assembled retaining wall 2 is hoisted by a crane and is manually matched, the retaining wall 2 is installed through the upper-layer reserved tenon groove 8 and the lower-layer reserved tenon 6 and is spliced in a staggered splicing mode, the retaining wall is stably supported after being in place to prevent overturning, and the installation height of each layer of the retaining wall 2 is higher than the design height of the anchoring body 5 of the layer so as to better exert the anti-pulling bearing force effect provided by the anchoring body 5;
step five, filling and compacting behind the retaining wall 2: after each layer of the retaining wall 2 is installed, when the strength of concrete of a foundation 1 reaches 85%, constructing backfill 4 at the rear part of the retaining wall 2, backfilling the earthwork by adopting an artificial backfilling and frog ramming machine ramming method, primarily leveling the backfill 4 by the frog ramming machine before ramming, ramming by the ramming machine sequentially, ramming by one ramming and half ramming, connecting rows, crossing transversely and transversely for two times, leaving no gap, starting a ramming route from the periphery, then ramming towards the middle, compacting by layer according to a specified ramming pressure, inspecting the backfill 4 of each layer after the filling construction, sampling by a sand changing method to measure the dry density of the soil, obtaining the compactness of the soil, filling the upper layer after the compactness of the soil meets the design requirement, and enabling the height of the backfill 4 after each layer of compacted to be flush with the design height of an anchoring body 5 of the layer;
step six, excavating groove positions of the anchoring bodies 5, the anchor cables 3 and the connecting rods 10: after each layer of filling construction is finished, excavating the groove positions of the anchoring body 5, the anchor cable 3 and the connecting rod 10 on the compacted and flat filling surface by adopting a manual excavation method, and ensuring that the size of the excavation section accords with the size of the anchoring body 5, the anchor cable 3 and the connecting rod 10 and the bottom of the groove position is straight, no collapse exists in the groove and no water is accumulated;
seventhly, installing the anchoring bodies 5, arranging the transverse and vertical connecting anchor cables 3, and welding the connecting rods 10 of the anchoring bodies 5 on the same layer: after the trench excavation of the anchor bodies 5, the anchor cables 3 and the connecting rods 10 is finished in the sixth step, firstly, the anchor bodies 5 are installed at the trench positions of the set anchor bodies 5, then, the anchor cables 3 are installed at the trench positions of the anchor cables 3, the rear ends of the anchor cables 3 and the anchor bodies 5 are locked through the anchorage devices 9, the front ends of the anchor cables 3 penetrate through the retaining wall 2 and are not locked temporarily, after earth backfilling is finished, the end heads of the anchor cables 3 are sealed, after the installation of the anchor bodies 5 on the same layer is finished, the anchor bodies 5 on the same layer are connected through the connecting rods 10, the connecting rods 10 and the anchor bodies 5 are fixed through welding, the anchor bodies 5 on the same layer are connected into a whole, and larger bearing capacity can be provided;
step eight, repeating the steps four to seven, when the superior anchor 5 is installed, performing initial tensioning on the inferior anchor 5: when the upper layer of anchoring bodies 5 are installed and constructed, the lower layer of anchoring bodies 5 are subjected to initial tensioning, after the first layer of initial tensioning is finished, the building of the retaining wall 2 and the earth backfilling at the rear part of the retaining wall 2 can be continuously carried out on the upper layer, and when the height of the second layer of anchoring bodies 5 is reached, the construction is repeated according to the construction method of the first layer of anchoring bodies 5;
step nine, tensioning and locking the vertical connecting anchor cable 3 according to the design layer number requirement: after the primary tensioning of the anchoring bodies 5 is completed in the step eight, tensioning the connecting anchor cables 3 between the vertical layers of the anchoring bodies 5 according to the requirement of the designed layer number, wherein the tensioning load is 10% of the designed load, monitoring the change of the vertical anchoring bodies 5 and the deformation of the backfill soil 4 during the tensioning, immediately stopping the tensioning if abnormal conditions occur, finding the reason, performing tensioning again after measures are taken, and performing vertical locking after the tensioning of the connecting anchor cables 3 between the layers of the anchoring bodies 5 is completed;
step ten, repeating the step four to the step nine until the retaining wall 2 is built to reach the design height, and stretching the horizontal anchor cable 3 in a grading manner according to the design load: the horizontal anchor cables 3 are tensioned in a grading mode with the load being 10% of the design load, the change of the vertical anchoring bodies 5 and the deformation of the backfill soil 4 are monitored during tensioning, if abnormal conditions occur, tensioning is stopped immediately, the reason is found out, measures are taken, and tensioning is carried out again until all the horizontal anchor cables 3 are tensioned;
and step eleven, checking and debugging, sealing the anchor head, and finishing construction.
The anchor cable 3 is made of prestressed steel strands, the end of the anchor cable 3 is tightly installed by adopting a standard anchorage device 9, tensioning and debugging are carried out by using a jack, tensioning is carried out according to design requirements, and the end of the anchor cable 3 penetrating through the retaining wall 2 is locked and sealed after the anchor cable 3 is subjected to graded tensioning and debugging.
And in the first step, a total station is used for positioning, at least six positioning piles are determined, and the total station, the theodolite, the level gauge and a measuring instrument for controlling quality detection equipment for measuring and positioning perform measurement calibration control according to a secondary measurement standard in a use period.
And step three, after the templates are erected, carrying out lifting point detection, wherein the deviation between the templates is less than 2cm, and after the templates are erected, sealing the gap between the bottom of each template and the bottom of the foundation slot tightly.
And fifthly, carrying the earth by the dump truck for filling construction, backfilling from the lowest part to the lower part and the upper part in layers, backfilling, wherein the thickness of each layer of backfilled earth is not more than 50cm, the backfilled earth in the same day must be compacted in the same day to avoid missing tamping, and the compacting coefficient of the backfilled earth is not less than 0.97 once every 50cm of backfilling is carried out.
And sealing the anchor in the eleventh step by adopting C30 concrete to seal the end of the anchor cable 3, wherein the thickness of the protective layer is 100 mm.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the assembled light retaining structure provided by the invention comprises an assembled retaining wall 2, an anchor rope 3, anchor bodies 5, connecting rods 10, a foundation 1 and a filler, wherein adjacent anchor bodies 5 embedded in backfill 4 are connected to form a space body, namely, the upper and lower adjacent anchor bodies 5 are connected by applying prestress through the anchor rope 3, and the adjacent anchor bodies 5 along the length direction of the retaining wall 2 are in threaded connection by using the connecting rods 10. The anchoring body 5 is connected with the retaining wall 2 after being prestressed by the embedded anchor cables 3 to form a space stress system, and the whole stress is more uniform and more stable. The soil pressure borne by the assembled light supporting and blocking structure is caused by backfill 4 behind the supporting and blocking structure and external load, when the assembled light supporting and blocking structure works, the soil pressure on the side wall of the supporting and blocking structure acts on the assembled retaining wall 2 firstly, then acts on the anchor cable 3 in a concentrated force mode, and is transmitted to the anchoring body 5 through the anchor cable 3 to form balance with the pulling-resistant bearing capacity provided by the anchoring body 5, so that the load is diffused to a soil body in a larger range, and the purpose of stably filling the soil body is achieved. The construction of the invention adopts a multi-layer circulating operation mode of 'excavation, supporting, backfilling, tensioning connection, supporting and backfilling', and during actual construction, the two procedures of 'installation of the anchoring body 5' and 'installation of the anchor cable 3' can change the construction sequence according to the situation of the engineering site.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a light-duty retaining structure of assembled which characterized in that: including basis, retaining wall, anchor rope, the anchor body and connecting rod, wherein the retaining wall sets up on the basis, and the anchor body is established in the backfill soil of retaining wall rear, and the front end of anchor rope is worn to establish on the retaining wall, and the rear end of anchor rope links firmly with the anchor body in the backfill soil of retaining wall rear mutually, is connected by anchor rope and connecting rod between the adjacent anchor body, and retaining wall and the anchor body form a three-dimensional retaining structure.
2. The fabricated light-weight retaining structure of claim 1, wherein: the foundation be recess type structure, be provided with the tenon in the recess, retaining wall is the assembled, and retaining wall is built by laying bricks or stones by the prefabricated section and forms, and the upper portion of every prefabricated section all is provided with the tenon, and the bottom of every prefabricated section all sets up the tongue-and-groove, the position and the size of tenon and tongue-and-groove are corresponding, the tenon inserts the realization concatenation in the tongue-and-groove, the tongue-and-groove of retaining wall lower floor prefabricated section bottom is inserted and is established on the tenon in the foundation recess.
3. The fabricated light-weight retaining structure of claim 1, wherein: the front end of the anchor cable penetrates through the end behind the retaining wall and is in threaded connection with the anchorage device, the rear end of the anchor cable is in threaded connection with the anchorage bodies in the backfill soil behind the retaining wall, the vertically adjacent anchorage bodies are also connected through the anchor cable, and the longitudinally adjacent anchorage bodies along the length direction of the retaining wall are connected through the connecting rod.
4. The fabricated light-weight retaining structure of claim 2, wherein: an anchor cable hole is reserved on the precast block with the anchor cable penetrating through.
5. A construction method of an assembled light supporting and retaining structure is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, leveling a field, measuring and setting out: before the field is leveled, an organizer carries out on-site investigation on the field to know the topography, the landform and the surrounding environment of the field, determines the leveling range of the field according to design requirements and construction planning, cleans up obstacles in the leveling range of the field before the field is leveled, excavates earthwork in the field in a mechanical or manual mode, reforms the ground into a plane required by the design of a retaining structure, and ensures that the plane of the field after leveling is free of expansive soil, saline soil, acidic soil with corrosion and organic soil;
carrying out first paying-off after engineering start, wherein a paying-off tool is a 'total station', positioning is carried out according to a positioning diagram, finally a positioning pile is determined on a construction site, paying-off and measurement are carried out on foundation engineering and main engineering by using a 'theodolite' after the positioning pile is determined, a ground axis is measured according to the positioning pile, a control pile adopts a protection pile, the elevation is led into the site, a closed surveying method is adopted, a water level point in the site is set, a 'theodolite' is used for axis measurement, and a 'level gauge' is used for measuring the water level point;
step two, excavating a foundation trench: according to design requirements, adopting a manual excavation method to excavate foundation slot positions meeting requirements, adopting a side slope method during excavation to ensure the stability of a soil slope, determining the gradient according to the design gradient, making drainage work before excavation of the foundation slot positions, and strictly forbidding the foundation slot positions to be soaked by water for a long time so as to avoid the collapse phenomenon;
step three, pouring of foundation concrete: before the foundation trench in the second step is excavated, a plurality of forming templates and shaping supports are processed according to the requirements of engineering construction drawings so as to be convenient for erecting the templates on site; after the foundation trench in the step two is excavated, measuring the excavated trench, and after the measurement is qualified, performing reinforcement binding construction, firstly, after the main reinforcing steel bars are welded, installing main reinforcing steel bars and all stirrups at four corners of the foundation, and using 20 for the main reinforcing steel bars#Iron wire ligature is firm, adopts plum blossom mold ligature, and steel reinforcement need strictly carry out the ligature installation according to quantity and specification that the design required, accomplishes steel reinforcement back, prop up the template and in time consolidate with the rivet according to the size that the design is given, the template is considered to need to prop up the tenon hole site of the corresponding size of tongue-and-groove with bottom retaining wall prefabricated section bottom when propping up in the foundation pit to form the tenon when pouring the concrete, and directly with bottom retaining wallThe construction method comprises the following steps of connecting and installing, pouring concrete after a formwork is erected, adding an accelerating agent into the concrete in order to accelerate the construction progress, wherein the mixing amount of the accelerating agent is 5% of the weight of the concrete according to the weight part, pouring the basic concrete uniformly, adopting a concrete mixing station to mix intensively and then transporting the concrete to a basic groove position by using a concrete mixer truck for pouring, wherein the concrete strength requirement is C30, before the concrete is poured into the basic groove position, a feed inlet of a chute is fixed at the inlet position, and the chute is continuously connected to the position of a pouring bin surface and is fixed firmly;
step four, construction of the assembled retaining wall: after the foundation concrete reaches the design strength in the third step, construction of the assembled retaining wall is carried out, the assembled retaining wall is hoisted by a crane and is manually matched, the retaining wall is installed by splicing the upper-layer reserved tenon groove and the lower-layer reserved tenon in a staggered splicing mode, the retaining wall is stably supported after being in place to prevent overturning, and the installation height of each layer of the retaining wall needs to be higher than the design height of the anchoring body of the layer so as to better exert the anti-pulling bearing force effect provided by the anchoring body;
fifthly, filling and compacting the soil behind the retaining wall: after each layer of retaining wall is installed, when the strength of the foundation concrete reaches 85%, constructing backfill at the rear part of the retaining wall, backfilling earthwork by adopting an artificial backfill and frog ramming machine ramming method, primarily leveling the backfill before ramming by the frog ramming machine, ramming by the ramming machine in sequence, compacting by one ramming and half compacting, connecting the ramming and the row, crossing the ramming in a crisscross manner twice, leaving no gap in the ramming, starting a row of ramming route from the periphery, then ramming to the middle, compacting by layer according to a regulation, inspecting the backfill of each layer after the filling construction, sampling by a sand changing method to determine the dry density of the soil, obtaining the compactness of the soil, filling an upper layer after the compactness of the soil meets the design requirement, and leveling the height of the backfill after each layer of compacting to the design height of an anchoring body of the layer;
excavating slot positions of the anchoring bodies, the anchor cables and the connecting rods: after each layer of filling construction is finished, excavating the groove positions of the anchoring body, the anchor cable and the connecting rod by adopting a manual excavation method on the compacted and leveled filling surface, and ensuring that the size of the excavation section accords with the size of the anchoring body, the anchor cable and the connecting rod and the bottom of the groove position is straight when the groove position is excavated, so that no collapse and no water accumulation exist in the groove;
seventhly, installing an anchoring body, setting transverse and vertical connecting anchor cables, and welding connecting rods of the anchoring bodies on the same layer: after the trench excavation of the anchor body, the anchor cable and the connecting rod is finished in the sixth step, firstly, the anchor body is installed at the trench position of the set anchor body, then, the anchor cable is installed at the trench position of the anchor cable, the rear end of the anchor cable and the anchor body are locked through the anchor, the front end of the anchor cable penetrates through the retaining wall and is not locked temporarily, after the earth backfilling is finished, the anchor sealing of the end head of the anchor cable is carried out, after the installation of the anchor bodies on the same layer is finished, the anchor bodies on the same layer are connected through the connecting rod, the connecting rod and the anchor bodies are fixed through welding, so that the anchor bodies on the same layer are connected into a whole;
step eight, repeating the steps from four to seven, and when the superior anchor body is installed, performing initial tensioning on the inferior anchor body: when the upper layer of anchoring body is installed and constructed, the lower layer of anchoring body is subjected to initial tensioning, after the first layer of initial tensioning is completed, the construction of the retaining wall and the earth backfilling at the rear part of the retaining wall can be continuously carried out on the upper layer, and when the height of the second layer of anchoring body is reached, the construction is repeated according to the construction method of the first layer of anchoring body;
step nine, tensioning and locking the vertical connecting anchor cable according to the design layer number requirement: after the primary tensioning of the anchoring bodies is completed in the step eight, tensioning the connecting anchor cables between the vertical layers of the anchoring bodies according to the requirement of the designed layer number, wherein the tensioning load is 10% of the designed load, monitoring the change of the vertical anchoring bodies and the deformation of backfill soil during tensioning, immediately stopping tensioning if abnormal conditions occur, finding the reason, performing tensioning again after measures are taken, and performing vertical locking after the tensioning of the connecting anchor cables between the layers of the anchoring bodies is completed;
step ten, repeating the steps from the fourth step to the ninth step until the building of the retaining wall reaches the design height, and stretching the horizontal anchor cables in a grading manner according to the design load: the step of tensioning the horizontal anchor cables is that the load is 10% of the design load, the change of the vertical anchoring bodies and the deformation of backfill soil are monitored during tensioning, if abnormal conditions occur, tensioning is stopped immediately, the reason is found, measures are taken, and then tensioning is carried out again until all the horizontal anchor cables are tensioned;
and step eleven, checking and debugging, sealing the anchor head, and finishing construction.
6. The construction method of an assembled light retaining structure of claim 5, wherein: the anchor cable is made of prestressed steel strands, the end of the anchor cable is fastened and installed through a standard anchorage device, then tensioning and debugging are carried out through a jack, tensioning is carried out according to design requirements, and locking and anchor sealing are carried out on the end of the anchor cable penetrating through the retaining wall after the anchor cable is tensioned and debugged in stages.
7. The construction method of an assembled light retaining structure of claim 5, wherein: and in the step one, at least six positioning piles are determined when the total station is used for positioning, and the total station, the theodolite, the level and a measuring instrument for controlling the quality detection equipment for measuring and positioning carry out measurement calibration control according to a secondary measurement standard.
8. The construction method of an assembled light retaining structure of claim 5, wherein: and step three, after the templates are erected, carrying out lifting point detection, wherein the deviation between the templates is less than 2cm, and after the templates are erected, sealing the gap between the bottom of each template and the bottom of the foundation trench tightly.
9. The construction method of an assembled light retaining structure of claim 5, wherein: and carrying out earth transportation by using a manual dump truck in the filling construction in the fifth step, backfilling from the lowest part to the lower part and the upper part in layers, wherein the thickness of each layer of backfilled earth is not more than 50cm, the backfilled earth in the same day must be compacted in the same day so as not to be subjected to missing tamping, and the compacting coefficient of the backfilled earth is not less than 0.97 once every 50cm of backfilling is carried out.
10. The construction method of an assembled light retaining structure of claim 5, wherein: and sealing the anchor in the eleventh step by adopting C30 concrete, wherein the thickness of the protective layer is 100 mm.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114561962A (en) * | 2022-02-16 | 2022-05-31 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Double-wall retaining wall-injection type vacuum anchor cable cooperative slope protection system |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114561962A (en) * | 2022-02-16 | 2022-05-31 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Double-wall retaining wall-injection type vacuum anchor cable cooperative slope protection system |
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