CN112026984B - Electrolytic microbubble stability observation test device - Google Patents

Electrolytic microbubble stability observation test device Download PDF

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CN112026984B
CN112026984B CN202010882176.XA CN202010882176A CN112026984B CN 112026984 B CN112026984 B CN 112026984B CN 202010882176 A CN202010882176 A CN 202010882176A CN 112026984 B CN112026984 B CN 112026984B
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CN112026984A (en
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朱睿
庄启彬
李尚�
张子捷
刘志荣
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Xiamen University
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B1/00Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
    • B63B1/32Other means for varying the inherent hydrodynamic characteristics of hulls
    • B63B1/34Other means for varying the inherent hydrodynamic characteristics of hulls by reducing surface friction
    • B63B1/38Other means for varying the inherent hydrodynamic characteristics of hulls by reducing surface friction using air bubbles or air layers gas filled volumes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B1/00Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
    • B63B1/32Other means for varying the inherent hydrodynamic characteristics of hulls
    • B63B1/34Other means for varying the inherent hydrodynamic characteristics of hulls by reducing surface friction
    • B63B1/38Other means for varying the inherent hydrodynamic characteristics of hulls by reducing surface friction using air bubbles or air layers gas filled volumes
    • B63B2001/387Other means for varying the inherent hydrodynamic characteristics of hulls by reducing surface friction using air bubbles or air layers gas filled volumes using means for producing a film of air or air bubbles over at least a significant portion of the hull surface
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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Abstract

一种电解微气泡稳定性观测试验装置,涉及水下航行体主动式减阻技术领域,包括微气泡稳定性观测平台、电子流量计、无级调速水泵,所述微气泡稳定性观测平台内部沿流体运动方向依次设有梯形扩压段、消能孔板、蜂窝整流网、筛网、微纳凹坑电解观测试片、弹簧探针、碳棒,微气泡稳定性观测平台前端通过通水管道与电子流量计和无级调速水泵相连接,弹簧探针通过电源导线连接电源负极,碳棒连接电源正极。通过梯形扩压段、消能孔板、蜂窝整流网、筛网的稳流、消能、垂直方向整流、水平方向整流多重效果的复合作用,使得动态水流达到稳定的状态,有利于微气泡的稳定驻留及在微尺度下观测微纳凹坑中微气泡生长历程、驻留清况。

Figure 202010882176

An electrolytic micro-bubble stability observation test device relates to the technical field of active drag reduction of underwater vehicles, including a micro-bubble stability observation platform, an electronic flow meter, and a stepless speed-regulated water pump. Along the fluid movement direction, there are trapezoidal diffuser section, energy dissipation orifice plate, honeycomb rectifier mesh, screen mesh, micro-nano pit electrolytic observation test piece, spring probe, carbon rod, and the front end of the micro-bubble stability observation platform passes through water. The pipeline is connected with the electronic flow meter and the stepless speed-regulated water pump, the spring probe is connected with the negative pole of the power supply through the power supply wire, and the carbon rod is connected with the positive pole of the power supply. Through the composite action of multiple effects of trapezoidal diffuser, energy dissipation orifice, honeycomb rectifier net, and screen mesh for steady flow, energy dissipation, vertical rectification, and horizontal rectification, the dynamic water flow can reach a stable state, which is conducive to the elimination of microbubbles. Stable residence and observation of the growth process and residence status of microbubbles in micro-nano pits at the micro-scale.

Figure 202010882176

Description

Electrolytic microbubble stability observation test device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of active drag reduction of underwater navigation bodies, in particular to an electrolytic microbubble stability observation test device.
Background
In recent years, the promotion of the propulsion speed, the maneuvering performance and the striking precision of an underwater anti-submarine battle sailing weapon becomes the key of leading sea control right in China, the underwater battle weapon (such as a torpedo) has strong concealment and large lethality, and simultaneously has accurate guidance capability, and as the attack range is below the waterline, the enemy warship fighting force can be effectively destroyed once hitting a target. In order to effectively hit the target, the speed of the underwater combat weapon must reach 1.5 times of the target speed, and the higher the speed, the stronger the hitting destructive power is, otherwise, the enemy ship cannot be hurt enough, and even cannot hit the target. The resistance borne by the underwater navigation body is about 1000 times of that of an air aircraft, and the obvious reduction of the resistance is difficult to realize by adopting the conventional method for increasing the thrust or optimizing the linearity of the aircraft at present.
The air cushion formed by the bionic groove surface and the micro-bubbles has great potential application value for flow resistance reduction, so that the micro-bubble resistance reduction technology becomes one of the research hotspots in the field of underwater resistance reduction. Currently, there are major technical bottlenecks to be broken through in researches on microbubble formation, residence control and microbubble drag reduction mechanisms. In flowing water, the growth process, stable residence and residence conditions of micro-bubbles in micro-nano pits are extremely difficult to observe under the multi-scale complex flowing environment, at present, an application type micro-bubble dynamic microscopic observation device is not available, the micro-bubble dynamic microscopic observation device can enable the micro-bubbles to stably reside in low-speed water flow and observe the growth process of the micro-bubbles in the micro-nano pits in real time under the micro-scale condition, and the residence conditions provide a certain test basis for deeply researching the residence stability and the micro-bubble resistance reduction mechanism so as to greatly reduce the underwater resistance of an underwater vehicle.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the key problems that resident microbubbles are difficult to stably reside and the growth process and the residence condition of the microbubbles can be clearly observed under the microscale in the microbubble drag reduction technology, and provides an electrolytic microbubble stability observation test device which is based on multiple composite actions of steady flow, energy dissipation, rectification in the vertical direction and rectification in the horizontal direction of a trapezoidal diffusion section, an energy dissipation pore plate, a honeycomb rectification net and a screen, so that dynamic water flow reaches a stable state, the residence stability of the microbubbles is improved, the growth behavior of the microbubbles is easy to observe, and the microbubble drag reduction is realized.
The device comprises a microbubble stability observation platform, an electronic flowmeter and a stepless speed regulation water pump direct current power supply, wherein a trapezoidal diffusion section, an energy dissipation pore plate, a honeycomb rectifying net, a screen, a micro-nano pit electrolysis observation test piece, a spring probe and a carbon rod are sequentially arranged in the microbubble stability observation platform along the fluid movement direction, the front end of the microbubble stability observation platform is connected with the electronic flowmeter and the stepless speed regulation water pump through a water pipeline, the spring probe is connected with the negative electrode of the direct current power supply through a power supply lead, and the carbon rod is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply.
The microbubble stability observation platform can be made of organic glass.
The microbubble stability observation platform front end adopts trapezoidal diffusion section, and two base length can be 10~30mm, 60~80mm, and the height can be 45~65 mm.
The energy dissipation orifice plate thickness is 2~4mm, and honeycomb rectifier network thickness can be 13~26mm, and screen cloth thickness can be 2~4 mm.
The interval of energy dissipation orifice plate and honeycomb rectification net can be 40~60mm, and the interval of honeycomb rectification net and screen cloth can be 30~50 mm.
The distance between the screen and the electrolytic observation test piece is more than 50 mm.
The thickness of the micro-nano pit electrolytic observation test piece can be 10-15 mm.
The interval between the spring probe and the carbon rod can be 40-80 mm.
The length of the carbon rod can be 6mm, and the width of the carbon rod can be 6 mm;
the water flow speed of the microbubble stability observation platform can be 0-2 m/s;
the middle part of the microbubble stability observation platform is paved with a waterproof ring with the diameter of 2 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention selects organic glass to manufacture a microbubble stability observation platform, the front end of the platform is connected with an electronic flowmeter and a stepless speed regulation water pump, a trapezoidal diffusion section, an energy dissipation pore plate, a honeycomb rectifying net, a screen mesh, a micro-nano pit electrolysis observation test piece, a spring probe and a carbon rod are sequentially arranged in the platform along the fluid motion direction, the spring probe is connected with a DC power supply cathode through a power supply lead, the carbon rod is connected with a power supply anode, the spring probe is used as an electrolysis cathode, microbubbles are generated in the micro-nano pit electrolysis observation test piece through electrolyzing NaCl solution, stable flow of fluid in an electrolysis test piece placing area is realized by utilizing multiple composite rectifying effects of the trapezoidal diffusion section, the energy dissipation pore plate, the honeycomb rectifying net and the screen mesh, stable residence of the microbubbles at a certain flow speed is realized, and the permeable characteristic of the organic glass is utilized to carry out real-time dynamic observation on the electrolysis test piece area through an electronic microscope, the problem of under the prior art, microbubble is difficult to stably reside in the developments rivers, is difficult to clearly observe growth process and the condition of residing is solved, reaches stable lasting drag reduction effect.
2. The invention can stably maintain the residence of the micro-bubbles in water flow with certain flow velocity, can enhance the continuity and effectiveness of micro-bubble drag reduction, and is more beneficial to application in practical scenes.
3. The invention can realize real-time dynamic observation of the growth condition of the microbubbles in a complex flowing environment in water, and is beneficial to researching the residence stability and the drag reduction mechanism of the microbubbles.
4. The invention can control the speed of water flow by adjusting the stepless water pump, and observe the flow of the test device in real time by the electronic flowmeter, thereby realizing the observation of the residence condition of micro bubbles under different flow rates, and being suitable for the condition of low flow rate.
5. The invention uses direct current power supply to generate micro bubbles by electrolysis, does not need long-time continuous ventilation and has less energy consumption.
6. The invention can control the generating speed of the micro bubbles by adjusting the voltage, thereby reducing energy consumption and being beneficial to realizing the control of the resistance reducing effect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrolytic microbubble stability observation test device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a microbubble stability observation platform;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the electrolytic microbubble stability observation test device.
Each of the labels in the figure is: 1-stepless speed-regulating water pump; 2-switching the valve; 3-an electronic flow meter; 4-water pipeline; 5-a trapezoidal diffusion section; 6-microbubble stability observation platform; 7-energy dissipation pore plate; 8-a cellular rectifier network; 9-a screen mesh; 10-micro-nano pit electrolytic observation test piece; 11-spring probe; 12-a carbon rod; 13-microbubbles.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and more obvious, the following embodiments will explain the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, an electrolytic microbubble stability observation test device includes a microbubble stability observation platform 6, an electronic flowmeter 3, and a stepless speed-regulating water pump 1;
the microbubble stability observation platform 6 is made of organic glass materials, and a trapezoidal diffusion section 5, an energy dissipation pore plate 7, a honeycomb rectifier net 8, a screen 9, a micro-nano pit electrolysis observation test piece 10, a spring probe 11 and a carbon rod 12 are sequentially arranged in the microbubble stability observation platform 6 along the fluid movement direction;
the front end of the microbubble stability observation platform 6 adopts a trapezoidal diffusion section 5, the length of two bottom edges is 10-30 mm, 60-80 mm, and the height is 45-65 mm.
The thickness of the energy dissipation pore plate 7 is 2-4 mm, the thickness of the honeycomb rectifying net 8 is 13-26 mm, and the thickness of the screen 9 is 2-4 mm.
The interval between the energy dissipation pore plate 7 and the honeycomb rectifying net 8 is 40-60 mm, and the interval between the honeycomb rectifying net 8 and the screen 9 is 30-50 mm.
The distance between the screen 9 and the electrolytic observation test piece 10 is more than 50 mm.
The thickness of the micro-nano pit electrolytic observation test piece 10 is 10-15 mm.
The interval between the spring probe 11 and the carbon rod 12 is 40-80 mm.
The length of the carbon rod 12 is 6mm, and the width of the carbon rod is 6 mm;
the water flow speed of the microbubble stability observation platform 6 is 0-2 m/s;
and a waterproof ring with the diameter of 2mm is laid on the outer edge of the microbubble stability observation platform 6.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the principle of the present invention is as follows:
1. when the device works, when water flows pass through the stepless speed regulation water pump 1 and the water pipeline 4 to enter the microbubble stability observation platform 6, the water flows firstly pass through the trapezoidal diffusion section 5, and the trend that fluid is converted into turbulent flow can be reduced to the minimum by the trapezoidal diffusion section, so that the stability of the water flow entering from the water pipeline is ensured; secondly, the water flow passes through the energy dissipation pore plate 7, and the energy dissipation pore plate 7 has the functions of eliminating most impact energy of the water flow and reducing the impact force of the water flow; then the water flows through the honeycomb rectifying net 8, and the honeycomb rectifying net 8 has the function of reducing the vertical disturbance of the incoming flow fluid, so that the fluid becomes gentle in the vertical direction; finally, the screen 9 is used for reducing the horizontal disturbance of the incoming flow fluid, so that the fluid becomes flat in the horizontal direction.
When water flows to the area where the micro-nano pit electrolysis observation test piece 10 is placed, the water flows through the flow stabilization, the energy dissipation, the vertical direction rectification and the horizontal direction rectification of the diffusion section 5, the energy dissipation pore plate 7, the honeycomb rectification net 8 and the screen 9, and the dynamic water flow reaches an extremely stable state, so that stable residence of micro-bubbles in the micro-nano pits and clear observation of growth processes and residence conditions of the micro-bubbles are facilitated.
2. When the device works, the micro-nano pit electrolysis observation test piece 10 is placed on the micro-bubble stability observation platform 6, the direct-current voltage cathode and the micro-nano pit electrolysis observation test piece 10 are conducted through the spring probe 11, the carbon rod 12 is connected to the direct-current voltage anode, and observation is carried out through the electron microscope. The gas generated at the cathode of the micro-nano pit electrolysis observation test piece 10 through the electrolysis reaction is bound by the micro-nano pit, so that micro bubbles 13 are formed, when the micro bubbles 13 are filled in the pit, the formed micro bubbles 13 can obstruct the reaction between the electrolysis test piece and the fluid solution, and the reaction is automatically terminated.
When the device works, stably-retained micro bubbles can be clearly observed above the micro-nano pit electrolytic observation test piece 10 through a microscope, so that the drag reduction effect is realized; the invention can process low-speed incoming flow, realize the rectification effect on dynamic water flow and improve the residence stability of the microbubbles 13 under the low-speed water flow. The invention can work autonomously along with the breaking or falling of the micro-bubbles 13, realizes the self-adaptive control of the micro-bubbles 13, has low energy consumption and cost, is easy to realize the application in practical engineering, and can control the generation rate of the micro-bubbles 13 by adjusting the voltage and control the flow rate of water flow by adjusting the stepless speed-adjusting water pump, thereby realizing the research on the residence condition of the micro-bubbles 13 and the resistance-reducing effect under different flow rates.

Claims (5)

1.一种电解微气泡稳定性观测试验装置,其特征在于:包括微气泡稳定性观测平台、电子流量计和无级调速水泵,所述微气泡稳定性观测平台内部沿流体运动方向依次设有梯形扩压段、消能孔板、蜂窝整流网、筛网、微纳凹坑电解观测试片、弹簧探针、碳棒,微气泡稳定性观测平台前端通过通水管道与电子流量计和无级调速水泵相连接,弹簧探针通过电源导线连接直流电源负极,碳棒连接电源正极;1. an electrolytic micro-bubble stability observation test device, is characterized in that: comprise micro-bubble stability observation platform, electronic flowmeter and stepless speed-regulating water pump, and the inside of described micro-bubble stability observation platform is set successively along the fluid motion direction. There are trapezoidal diffuser, energy dissipation orifice, honeycomb rectifier mesh, screen mesh, micro-nano pit electrolytic observation test piece, spring probe, carbon rod, and the front end of the micro-bubble stability observation platform passes through the water pipe and electronic flow meter and The stepless speed regulation water pump is connected, the spring probe is connected to the negative pole of the DC power supply through the power wire, and the carbon rod is connected to the positive pole of the power supply; 其中,所述微气泡稳定性观测平台的水流速度为0~2m/s;Wherein, the water flow velocity of the microbubble stability observation platform is 0~2m/s; 所述微气泡稳定性观测平台前端采用梯形扩压段,两底边长度分别为10~30mm、60~80mm,高为45~65mm;The front end of the microbubble stability observation platform adopts a trapezoidal diffuser section, the lengths of the two bottom sides are respectively 10-30mm, 60-80mm, and the height is 45-65mm; 所述消能孔板厚度为2~4mm,蜂窝整流网厚度为13~26mm,筛网厚度为2~4mm;所述消能孔板与蜂窝整流网的间隔为40~60mm,蜂窝整流网与筛网的间隔为30~50mm;The thickness of the energy dissipation orifice plate is 2~4mm, the thickness of the honeycomb rectifier mesh is 13~26mm, and the thickness of the screen mesh is 2~4mm; the interval between the energy dissipation orifice plate and the honeycomb rectifier mesh is 40~60mm, and the honeycomb rectifier mesh The interval of the screen is 30~50mm; 所述弹簧探针与碳棒的间隔为40~80mm;The interval between the spring probe and the carbon rod is 40-80mm; 所述筛网与电解观测试片的间距大于50mm;The distance between the screen mesh and the electrolytic observation test piece is greater than 50mm; 另外,所述试验装置的运行方法为:In addition, the operation method of the test device is: 水流通过无级调速水泵和通水管道后,进入到微气泡稳定性观测平台,在微气泡稳定性观测平台中,水流首先经过梯形扩压段,梯形扩压段将水流的流体演化为湍流趋势降低的状态,使得由通水管道进入的水流平稳;水流通过消能孔板后,由消能孔板对水流的冲击能量进行消除处理,以降低水流的冲击力;通过消能孔板的水流流经蜂窝整流网,由蜂窝整流网减少水流来流的流体垂直扰动,使得流体在垂直方向被平缓处理;最后水流经过筛网,由筛网减少来流流体的水平扰动,使得流体在水平方向被平缓处理,最终该水流流动至微纳凹坑电解观测试片所放置的区域;The water flow enters the microbubble stability observation platform after passing through the stepless speed-regulating water pump and the water channel. In the microbubble stability observation platform, the water flow first passes through the trapezoidal diffusion section, and the trapezoidal diffusion section evolves the fluid of the water flow into turbulent flow. The state of decreasing trend makes the water flow from the water channel stable; after the water flow passes through the energy dissipation orifice plate, the energy dissipation orifice plate eliminates the impact energy of the water flow to reduce the impact force of the water flow; The water flows through the honeycomb rectifier net, and the honeycomb rectifier net reduces the vertical disturbance of the fluid flowing in the water flow, so that the fluid is smoothly processed in the vertical direction; finally, the water flow passes through the screen, and the screen reduces the horizontal disturbance of the incoming fluid, so that the fluid is in the horizontal direction. The direction is gently processed, and finally the water flow flows to the area where the micro-nano pit electrolytic observation test piece is placed; 在水流流动至微纳凹坑电解观测试片所放置的区域时,将微纳凹坑电解观测试片置于微气泡稳定性观测平台,通过弹簧探针导通直流电压负极与微纳凹坑电解观测试片,同时将碳棒连接至直流电压正极,再利用电子显微镜进行观测经电解反应在微纳凹坑电解观测试片负极产生的气体,该气体被微纳凹坑束缚驻留,继而形成微气泡,其中,微气泡充满凹坑时,所形成的微气泡会阻隔电解试片与流体溶液间的反应,令电解反应自动终止。When the water flows to the area where the micro-nano pit electrolytic observation test piece is placed, place the micro-nano pit electrolytic observation test piece on the micro-bubble stability observation platform, and conduct the DC voltage negative electrode and the micro-nano pit through the spring probe. Electrolyze the test piece, connect the carbon rod to the positive electrode of the DC voltage at the same time, and then use an electron microscope to observe the gas generated by the electrolysis reaction in the negative electrode of the electrolysis test piece in the micro-nano pit, the gas is bound by the micro-nano pit and resides, and then Micro-bubbles are formed. When the micro-bubbles fill the pits, the formed micro-bubbles will block the reaction between the electrolytic test piece and the fluid solution, so that the electrolytic reaction is automatically terminated. 2.如权利要求1所述的一种电解微气泡稳定性观测试验装置,其特征在于:所述微纳凹坑电解观测试片的厚度为10~15mm。2 . The electrolytic micro-bubble stability observation test device according to claim 1 , wherein the thickness of the micro-nano pit electrolytic observation test piece is 10-15 mm. 3 . 3.如权利要求1所述的一种电解微气泡稳定性观测试验装置,其特征在于:所述碳棒的长度为6mm,宽度为6mm。3 . The electrolytic microbubble stability observation test device according to claim 1 , wherein the carbon rod has a length of 6 mm and a width of 6 mm. 4 . 4.如权利要求1所述的一种电解微气泡稳定性观测试验装置,其特征在于:所述微气泡稳定性观测平台采用有机玻璃材质。4 . The electrolytic microbubble stability observation test device according to claim 1 , wherein the microbubble stability observation platform is made of plexiglass. 5 . 5.如权利要求1所述的一种电解微气泡稳定性观测试验装置,其特征在于:所述微气泡稳定性观测平台中部铺设有一层直径为2mm的防水圈。5 . The electrolytic microbubble stability observation test device according to claim 1 , wherein a layer of waterproof ring with a diameter of 2 mm is laid in the middle of the microbubble stability observation platform. 6 .
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