CN112026307B - 一种茂金属流滴春棚膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种茂金属流滴春棚膜及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112026307B
CN112026307B CN202010841951.7A CN202010841951A CN112026307B CN 112026307 B CN112026307 B CN 112026307B CN 202010841951 A CN202010841951 A CN 202010841951A CN 112026307 B CN112026307 B CN 112026307B
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赵立功
柳波
王伟
胡云强
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North Huajin Chemical Industries Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提出一种茂金属流滴春棚膜及其制备方法,该茂金属流滴春棚膜通过不同树脂(LDPE、LLDPE、mLLDPE对流滴剂相容性不同的特点,以及不同流滴剂(长效、短效)在树脂中析出速度的不同,进行不同比例的复配,实现在7~10℃的棚温下流滴剂能够均匀析出,流滴期可以达到30~45天,满足春棚的对流滴功能的需求,有效提高地温,促进作物生长,营造良好种植环境。本发明适用于春季的温室棚面覆盖,产品具有流滴性,以及透光率高、增温效果好、物理性能强等特点,白天升温速度快,可减缓夜间棚温下降速度,提高棚内温度,促进作物早熟,大大提高种植经济效益。

Description

一种茂金属流滴春棚膜及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于农用薄膜制造技术领域,具体涉及一种茂金属流滴春棚膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着设施农业的发展,通过扣大棚膜种植蔬菜、瓜果等农作物已经不仅局限于越冬暖棚(秋季扣棚冬季成熟),在春季也开始进行扣棚种植蔬菜、瓜果,同比大地同类作物早1~2个月上市。另一方面,春棚还可有效防止鸟类、昆虫对作物果实的伤害,更能给农户带来可观的经济效益。
春棚通常使用没有流滴性能的普通聚乙烯耐老化棚膜,缺点是在扣棚初期的3、4月份为保温需要没有放风膜面水滴多(白水滴)影响透光,从而导致地温升温慢,影响作物初期生长。有的地区也采用越冬暖棚使用的流滴膜,但因春棚保温差,春棚温度低于10~13℃以下时流滴剂不析出,同样也产生影响透光的白水滴,同样也导致地温低。
发明内容
(一)要解决的技术问题
本发明提出一种茂金属流滴春棚膜及其制备方法,以解决流滴膜低温不析出或析出慢,实现春棚初期流滴、高保温、高透光,有效提高地温、促进作物生长,实现早熟高产的的技术问题。
(二)技术方案
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提出一种茂金属流滴春棚膜,该春棚膜经三层共挤工艺吹塑成型,各层所用树脂按如下要求选用:
作为抗紫外线耐老化层的外层,质量百分比组成为:LDPE与LLDPE树脂合计77~79%,其中LDPE:LLDPE=1:1;mLLDPE树脂13~15%;耐老化功能母料1.9~2.1%,流滴保温耐老化功能母料5.9~6.1%;
作为流滴保温层的中层,质量百分比组成为:LDPE、LLDPE与 mLLDPE树脂合计84~86%,其中LDPE:LLDPE: mLLDPE =1:1:1;流滴保温耐老化功能母料14~16%;
作为减雾流滴保温层的内层,质量百分比组成为:LDPE与LLDPE树脂合计84~85%,其中LDPE:LLDPE=2:1;流滴保温耐老化功能母料14~15%。
进一步地,耐老化功能母料的质量百分比组成为:LLDPE87~89%,受阻胺光稳定剂7.5~8.5%,复合抗氧剂3.5~4.5%。
进一步地,流滴保温耐老化功能母料的质量百分比组成为:LLDPE26%,LDPE25%,EVA树脂23.4%,受阻胺光稳定剂2.7%,复合抗氧剂0.9~1.1%,长效流滴剂5.6%,短效流滴剂8.4%,复合保温剂7.9~8.1%。
进一步地,流滴保温耐老化功能母料中,LLDPE的熔融指数为0.7~1.1g/10min,LDPE的熔融指数为1.5~2.0g/10min。
此外,本发明还提出一种茂金属流滴春棚膜的制备方法,该制备方法包括如下步骤:
制备耐老化功能母料:按照配方称量各种原料和助剂,每100kg一批;投入高速混合机搅拌均匀,经双螺杆挤出机拉条、水冷、风干、切粒、旋风除湿,包装备用;
制备流滴保温耐老化功能母料:按照配方称量各种原料和助剂,每75kg一批;投入密炼机搅拌、捏合,经单螺杆挤出机造粒后备用;
制备茂金属流滴春棚膜:将各种聚乙烯树脂及功能母料加入混料器中搅拌均匀,分别送入三台挤出机中,物料分别经三台挤出机的熔融、塑化、挤出到三层共挤模头经螺旋体继续塑化,经过圆形口模共同挤出;从圆形口模挤出复合筒状膜管,膜管在模心吹进的压缩空气吹胀作用下横向拉伸,同时经过圆形风口的冷却和上牵引夹辊的纵向牵伸,最后经插板插叠和收卷制得茂金属流滴春棚膜。
进一步地,挤出机的长径比为30:1,模头为三层复合中心进料型。
(三)有益效果
本发明提出一种茂金属流滴春棚膜及其制备方法,该茂金属流滴春棚膜通过不同树脂(LDPE、LLDPE、mLLDPE对流滴剂相容性不同的特点,以及不同流滴剂(长效、短效)在树脂中析出速度的不同,进行不同比例的复配,实现在7~10℃的棚温下流滴剂能够均匀析出,流滴期可以达到30~45天,满足春棚的对流滴功能的需求,有效提高地温,促进作物生长,营造良好种植环境。本发明适用于春季的温室棚面覆盖,产品具有流滴性,以及透光率高、增温效果好、物理性能强等特点,白天升温速度快,可减缓夜间棚温下降速度,提高棚内温度,促进作物早熟,大大提高种植经济效益。
附图说明
图1为本发明的流滴保温耐老化功能母料制备工艺流程图;
图2为本发明的茂金属流滴春棚膜生产工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、内容和优点更加清楚,下面结合附图和实施例,对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。
本实施例提出一种茂金属流滴春棚膜及其制备方法,该茂金属流滴春棚膜在配方设计上选用优质的低密度聚乙烯树脂(LDPE)、线性低密度聚乙烯树脂(LLDPE)、茂金属聚乙烯树脂(mLLDPE,以茂金属锆为催化剂聚合的线性聚乙烯)、EVA树脂以及复合保温剂、流滴剂(长效型和短效型)和光稳定剂为原料生产。
在上述聚烯烃树脂中,与流滴剂相容性较好的树脂排序为:EVA>LDPE>LLDPE>mLLDPE;同一类树脂中,不同的熔融指数的品种(牌号)对流滴剂的分散和迁移具有影响;在低温情况下,流滴剂析出情况是短效流滴剂好于长效流滴剂。
综合上述聚烯烃树脂和流滴剂的特性,结合母料生产工艺及棚膜生产工艺特点,进行不同原料的复配和筛选,本实施例最终确定茂金属流滴春棚膜的配方。
本实施例的茂金属流滴春棚膜及其制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)制备耐老化功能母料:
线性低密度聚乙烯粉料(LLDPE):84.5kg;
受阻胺光稳定剂(Tiangang® HS-362):11.5kg;
复合抗氧剂(B215):4kg;
各组份合计100kg为一批。
以上各组分准确称量,投入高速混合机中搅拌均匀,时间40~50秒;经双螺杆挤出机拉条、水冷、风干、切粒、旋风除湿,包装备用。
(2)制备流滴保温耐老化功能母料:
线性低密度聚乙烯粉料(LLDPE,熔融指数0.7~1.1g/10min):19.5kg;
低密度聚乙烯粉料(LDPE,熔融指数1.5~2.0g/10min):18.75 kg;
EVA树脂:17.55kg;
受阻胺光稳定剂(Tiangang® HS-362):2.025kg;
复合抗氧剂(B215):0.675kg;
流滴剂(长效,LY-6):4.2kg;
流滴剂(短效,HP-Ⅲ):6.3kg;
复合保温剂:6kg;
各组份合计75kg为一批。
以上各组分准确称量,投入密炼机中搅拌、捏合,经单螺杆挤出机造粒后备用,具体工艺流程如图1所示,包括投放到密炼机加料口中,降下加压盖,混炼、捏合20~30分钟。混炼完成后经斗提将料团送入单螺杆挤出机中,依靠螺杆旋转产生的压力及剪切力,使得物料可以充分进行塑化以及均匀混合,通过口模成型,经切粒机切粒成型,旋风分离器除湿,产出成品。
(3)制备茂金属流滴春棚膜
采用三层共挤吹膜工艺,在各层原料中按比例加入功能母料,经三层共挤工艺吹塑成型。各层所用树脂按如下要求选用。
①外层(抗紫外线耐老化层):
低密度聚乙烯(LDPE):39.4%;
线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE):39.4%;
茂金属线性低密度聚乙烯(mLLDPE):13.1%;
耐老化功能母料:2.1%;
流滴保温耐老化功能母料:6.0%。
②中层(流滴保温层):
低密度聚乙烯(LDPE):28.3%;
线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE):28.3%;
茂金属线性低密度聚乙烯(mLLDPE):28.3%;
流滴保温耐老化功能母料:15.0%。
③内层(减雾流滴保温层):
低密度聚乙烯(LDPE):43%;
线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE):43%;
流滴保温耐老化功能母料:14.0%。
棚膜的生产具体工艺流程如图2所示。将称量好的物料用混料器搅拌15min,使物料混合均匀,分别送入三台挤出机中。挤出机长径比为30:1,模头为三层复合中心进料型。物料分别经三台挤出机的熔融、塑化、挤出到三层共挤模头经螺旋体继续塑化,经过圆形口模共同挤出。其中,内层由中心进料,中层和外层由侧面进料,原料混炼后经机头流道进一步均化,从圆形口模挤出三层不同原料组成的结合紧密、分层明显的复合筒状膜管;通过控制内冷风机进、排风量,把管状料胚吹胀到所需要的直径,同时由内、外风环送出的空气冷却定型,其中,膜管在模心吹进的压缩空气吹胀作用下横向拉伸,同时经过圆形风口的冷却和上牵引夹辊的纵向牵伸;定型的膜泡经过人字板和插板进入第一牵引装置,插板机构将薄膜制品在进入牵引装置压辊之前进行折叠;最后经收卷制得茂金属流滴春棚膜,由此可减少收卷装置的体积以及成品膜卷的尺寸,方便产品的储存和运输。
通过对本实施例的茂金属流滴春棚进行水浴测试,水温60℃出白滴时间同比普通流滴膜早1.5天,具备提前析出功能,流滴失效时间(白滴面积30%)为7~8天,可有效达到流滴持效期要求。经过在多地的实际扣棚,能够达到预期流滴效果,产品流滴性能良好,符合设计预期,满足西瓜、辣椒、豆角等作物春季扣棚的环境需求。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和变形,这些改进和变形也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (3)

1.一种茂金属流滴春棚膜,其特征在于,所述春棚膜经三层共挤工艺吹塑成型,各层组分按如下要求选用:作为抗紫外线耐老化层的外层,质量百分比组成为:LDPE与LLDPE树脂合计78.8%,其中LDPE:LLDPE=1:1;mLLDPE树脂13.1%;耐老化功能母料2.1%,流滴保温耐老化功能母料6%;作为流滴保温层的中层,质量百分比组成为:LDPE、LLDPE与mLLDPE树脂合计85%,其中LDPE:LLDPE:mLLDPE=1:1:1;流滴保温耐老化功能母料15%;作为减雾流滴保温层的内层,质量百分比组成为:LDPE与LLDPE树脂合计86%,其中LDPE:LLDPE=1:1;流滴保温耐老化功能母料14%;所述耐老化功能母料的质量百分比组成为:LLDPE 84.5%,受阻胺光稳定剂11.5%,复合抗氧剂4%;所述耐老化功能母料中受阻胺光稳定剂的牌号为Tiangang®HS-362,复合抗氧剂的牌号为B215;
所述流滴保温耐老化功能母料的质量百分比组成为:LLDPE26%,LDPE25%,EVA树脂23.4%,受阻胺光稳定剂2.7%,复合抗氧剂0.9%,长效流滴剂5.6%,短效流滴剂8.4%,复合保温剂8%;所述流滴保温耐老化功能母料中受阻胺光稳定剂的牌号为Tiangang®HS-362,复合抗氧剂的牌号为B215,长效流滴剂的牌号为LY-6,短效流滴剂的牌号为HP-Ⅲ,LLDPE的熔融指数为0.7~1.1g/10min,LDPE的熔融指数为1.5~2.0g/10min。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的茂金属流滴春棚膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括如下步骤:制备耐老化功能母料:按照配方称量各种原料和助剂,每100kg一批;投入高速混合机搅拌均匀,经双螺杆挤出机拉条、水冷、风干、切粒、旋风除湿,包装备用;制备流滴保温耐老化功能母料:按照配方称量各种原料和助剂,每75kg一批;投入密炼机搅拌、捏合,经单螺杆挤出机造粒后备用;制备茂金属流滴春棚膜:将各种聚乙烯树脂及功能母料加入混料器中搅拌均匀,分别送入三台挤出机中,物料分别经三台挤出机的熔融、塑化、挤出到三层共挤模头经螺旋体继续塑化,经过圆形口模共同挤出;从圆形口模挤出复合筒状膜管,膜管在模心吹进的压缩空气吹胀作用下横向拉伸,同时经过圆形风口的冷却和上牵引夹辊的纵向牵伸,最后经插板插叠和收卷制得茂金属流滴春棚膜。
3.如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述挤出机的长径比为30:1,模头为三层复合中心进料型。
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