CN109258222A - 乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物eva吹塑棚膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents

乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物eva吹塑棚膜及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN109258222A
CN109258222A CN201811335394.0A CN201811335394A CN109258222A CN 109258222 A CN109258222 A CN 109258222A CN 201811335394 A CN201811335394 A CN 201811335394A CN 109258222 A CN109258222 A CN 109258222A
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王宏伟
张英智
王琳硕
王帆
王一帆
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Panjin Yifeng Agricultural Science And Technology Development Co Ltd
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    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
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Abstract

本发明涉及乙烯‑乙酸乙烯酯共聚物EVA吹塑棚膜及其制备方法,外层为抗抗紫外线防老化层、中层为流滴保温转光层、内层为流滴消雾层,采用三层共挤吹塑工艺,各层所用树脂按如下要求选用,按比例加入流滴保温类母料、减雾流滴保温类母料、转光母料和普通长寿功能母料的四种功能母料,经三层共挤工艺吹塑成型,本发明有益效果为:实现高透光、高保温和有效提高棚内温度的效果。

Description

乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物EVA吹塑棚膜及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及棚膜,特别是涉及乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物EVA吹塑棚膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
塑料大棚温室栽培已经是农业生产必不可少的设施,在秋、冬、春季为反季蔬菜、果树等作物生长提供必要的生长条件。因此在低温环境中如何提高棚内温度是保证作物生长是新型棚膜的发展方向。近年来通过对光波的研究,如何有效利用光波来提高棚温促进作物早熟是新兴的技术措施。
与本发明相近的提高棚膜保温性和功能性的两种措施:一是红外线阻隔措施。白天太阳光通过棚膜照射到棚内,除参加作物光合作用外,光照射到棚内土壤、建筑物等会转变成热能,热能以红外线的型式向外散射,如果再通过棚膜流散出棚外,则温室保温性能下降。近年来通过采用红外线透过率低的EVA(乙烯--乙酸乙烯酯共聚物)和水滑石等物质,可以将普通的聚乙烯棚膜70%的红外线透过率降到35~46%,形成红外线阻隔,从而实现温室的高保温效果。二是为保证棚膜的透光性提高棚温采取内添加表面活性剂或外涂覆胶等通常措施,改变表面张力使棚膜内表面的水滴改变为水膜,增加透光率。
现有措施中虽然提高了保温性能,但同时太阳光中的线外线也受到了部分阻隔,且在紫外线照射下,对树脂的破坏导致老化;现有措施中转过材料衰减期短,在作物还没成长前通常在太阳光下几天就衰减失效。
发明内容
本发明要解决转光剂在聚烯烃树脂加工过程中树脂熔融态下会发生团聚,从而分散不好,实现不了转光效果的问题,使产品实现高透光、高保温和有效提高棚内温度的效果。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供的技术方案为乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物EVA吹塑棚膜,采用三层复合工艺,外层为抗抗紫外线防老化层、中层为流滴保温转光层、内层为流滴消雾层,其特征在于:所述外层质量百分比组成为:低密度聚乙烯LDPE/线性低密度聚乙烯LLDPE树脂79~87%,普通长寿类功能母料0.9~1.1%,流滴类功能母料7.9~8.1和转光母粒4~12%,所述中层质量百分比组成为:EVA树脂73~81%,流滴保温转光功能母料14.9~15.1%和转光母粒4~12%,所述内层质量百分比组成为:EVA树脂84~86%,减雾流滴保温类功能母料14.9~15.1%,所述普通长寿类功能母料的质量百分比组成为:线性低密度聚乙烯LLDPE87~89%,受阻胺光稳定剂7.5~8.5%,复合抗氧剂3.5~4.5%,所述流滴保温类功能母料的质量百分比组成为:线性低密度聚乙烯LLDPE39~41%,EVA树脂33~34%,受阻胺光稳定剂1.9~2.1%,复合抗氧剂0.9~1.1%,流滴剂14.9~15.1%,水滑石复合保温剂7.9~8.1%,所述减雾流滴保温类功能母料的质量百分比组成为:线性低密度聚乙烯LLDPE40~42%,EVA树脂33~34%,低碱性受阻胺光稳定剂1.9~2.1%,复合抗氧剂0.9~1.1%,流滴剂12.9~13.1%,消雾剂0.9~1.1%,水滑石复合保温剂7.9~8.1%,所述转光母料的质量百分比组成为:线性低密度聚乙烯LLDPE95%,转光剂BDR-15#5%。
作为改进,所述的EVA树脂中VA含量8-12%,MI=0.5~1.0g/min。
本发明还提供了该乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物EVA吹塑棚膜的其制备方法:吹膜时采用三层共挤设备,机组共有三套挤出机,将各种聚乙烯树脂及母料加入混料缸中搅拌均匀,由吸料器倒入挤出机料斗中,通过挤出机塑化混炼,经模头挤出;内层由中心进料,中层和外层由侧面进料,原料混炼后经机头流道进一步均化,在特定的位置复合,形成三层不同原料组成的结合紧密、分层明显的管状料胚从机头口部挤出;通过控制内冷风机进、排风量,把管状料胚吹胀到所需要的直径,同时由内、外风环送出的空气冷却定型;定型的膜泡经过人字板和插板进入第一牵引装置,插板机构可将薄膜制品在进入牵引装置压辊之前进行折叠。
本发明有益效果为:本发明通过紫外线吸收后,再以红橙黄光放射出来,实现了光能向棚内的转换;利用紫外线进行光波的转变,在转光剂未衰减前减少紫外线对棚膜的耐老化性能的损害,虽对棚膜总体寿命提高没有根本收促进,但在越冬期间保证了棚膜耐老化性能,减少和消除老化导致孔洞,增加保温效果,适用于越冬棚初期低温时段,通过转为红光实现此期间农作物光合作用增强,早熟高产的效果。
附图说明
图1是乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物EVA吹塑棚膜的制备方法母料工艺流程图。
图2是乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物EVA吹塑棚膜生产工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步的详细说明。
乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物EVA吹塑棚膜----紫外线转可见光膜(简称“转光膜”)的制备采用三层共挤吹塑工艺,各层所用树脂按如下要求选用,按比例加入流滴保温类母料、减雾流滴保温类母料、转光母料和普通长寿功能母料的四种功能母料,经三层共挤工艺吹塑成型。各层原料按质量百分比选取如下:
外层(抗紫外线耐老化层):
线型低密度聚乙烯(LDPE):41.5%,线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE):41.5%,流滴保温类母料:8%,转光母料:8%,普通长寿功能母料:1%
中层(流滴保温层):
EVA树脂(VA含量12%,MI=0.5~1.0g/min):85%,流滴保温类母料:15%,转光母料:12%
内层(减雾流滴保温层):
EVA树脂(VA含量12%):85%,减雾流滴保温类母料:15%
结合附图1:流滴保温类母料的制备:
线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE):30.5kg,EVA树脂:25kg,受阻胺光稳定剂(Chimassorb944):1.5kg,复合抗氧剂(B215):0.75kg,流滴剂(KF650):11.25kg,水滑石复合保温剂:6kg
减雾流滴保温类母料的制备:
低密度聚乙烯粉料(LLDPE):31.5kg,EVA树脂:25kg,受阻胺光稳定剂(Chimassorb944):1.5kg,复合抗氧剂(B215):0.75kg,流滴剂(KF650):9.75kg,水滑石复合保温剂:6kg,消雾剂(AF-31/38):0.5kg
以上流滴保温类母料、减雾流滴保温类母料两种母料各组分准确称量,投入密炼机中搅拌、捏合,经单螺杆挤出机造粒后备用。
转光母料的制备:
低密度聚乙烯粉料(LLDPE):91kg,受阻胺光稳定剂(XT100):5kg,复合抗氧剂(B215):4kg
普通长寿功能母料的制备:
低密度聚乙烯粉料(LLDPE):88kg,受阻胺光稳定剂(TH944):8kg,复合抗氧剂(B215):4kg
以上转光母料、普通长寿功能母料两种母料各组分准确称量,投入高速混合机中搅拌均匀,经双螺杆挤出机造粒风干备用。
将称好的物料投放到密炼机加料口中,降下加压盖,混炼、捏合,混炼完成后经斗提将料团送入单螺杆挤出机中,依靠螺杆旋转产生的压力及剪切力,能使得物料可以充分进行塑化以及均匀混合,通过口模成型,经切粒机切粒成型,旋风分离器除湿,产出成品。
结合附图2:吹膜时采用三层共挤设备,机组共有三套挤出机,将各种聚乙烯树脂及母料加入混料缸中搅拌均匀,由吸料器倒入挤出机料斗中,通过挤出机塑化混炼,经模头挤出;内层由中心进料,中层和外层由侧面进料,原料混炼后经机头流道进一步均化,在特定的位置复合,形成三层不同原料组成的结合紧密、分层明显的管状料胚从机头口部挤出;通过控制内冷风机进、排风量,把管状料胚吹胀到所需要的直径,同时由内、外风环送出的空气冷却定型;定型的膜泡经过人字板和插板进入第一牵引装置,插板机构可将薄膜制品在进入牵引装置压辊之前进行折叠。
将称量好的物料用混料器搅拌15min,使物料混合均匀,,分别送入三台挤出机中,挤出机长径比为30:1,模头为三层复合中心进料型。物料分别经三台挤出机的熔融、塑化、挤出到三层共挤模头经螺旋体继续塑化,经过圆形口模共同挤出。从圆形口模挤出复合筒状膜管,膜管在模心吹进的压缩空气吹胀作用下横向拉伸,同时经过圆形风口的冷却和上牵引夹辊的纵向牵伸,最后经插板插叠和收卷而制得转光膜。
经测试,转光膜可以将农作物生长不需要的紫外线(280~396nm光波)转化为作物需要的以红光为主的可见光(570~700nm光波),通过这种光波的转化,提高了温室棚内光能的利用率,有利于增加作物的光合作用,促进促进作物早熟,大大提高农户种植的经济效益。
以上对本发明及其实施方式进行了描述,这种描述没有限制性,附图中所示的也只是本发明的实施方式之一,实际的结构并不局限于此。总而言之如果本领域的普通技术人员受其启示,在不脱离本发明创造宗旨的情况下,不经创造性的设计出与该技术方案相似的结构方式及实施例,均应属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (3)

1.乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物EVA吹塑棚膜,采用三层复合工艺,外层为抗抗紫外线防老化层、中层为流滴保温转光层、内层为流滴消雾层,其特征在于:所述外层质量百分比组成为:低密度聚乙烯LDPE/线性低密度聚乙烯LLDPE树脂79~87%,普通长寿类功能母料0.9~1.1%,流滴类功能母料7.9~8.1和转光母粒4~12%,所述中层质量百分比组成为:EVA树脂73~81%,流滴保温转光功能母料14.9~15.1%和转光母粒4~12%,所述内层质量百分比组成为:EVA树脂84~86%,减雾流滴保温类功能母料14.9~15.1%,所述普通长寿类功能母料的质量百分比组成为:线性低密度聚乙烯LLDPE87~89%,受阻胺光稳定剂7.5~8.5%,复合抗氧剂3.5~4.5%,所述流滴保温类功能母料的质量百分比组成为:线性低密度聚乙烯LLDPE39~41%,EVA树脂33~34%,受阻胺光稳定剂1.9~2.1%,复合抗氧剂0.9~1.1%,流滴剂14.9~15.1%,水滑石复合保温剂7.9~8.1%,所述减雾流滴保温类功能母料的质量百分比组成为:线性低密度聚乙烯LLDPE40~42%,EVA树脂33~34%,低碱性受阻胺光稳定剂1.9~2.1%,复合抗氧剂0.9~1.1%,流滴剂12.9~13.1%,消雾剂0.9~1.1%,水滑石复合保温剂7.9~8.1%,所述转光母料的质量百分比组成为:线性低密度聚乙烯LLDPE95%,转光剂BDR-15#5%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物EVA吹塑棚膜,其特征在于:所述的EVA树脂中VA含量8-12%,MI=0.5~1.0g/min。
3.根据权利要求1所述的乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物EVA吹塑棚膜的其制备方法,其特征在于:吹膜时采用三层共挤设备,机组共有三套挤出机,将各种聚乙烯树脂及母料加入混料缸中搅拌均匀,由吸料器倒入挤出机料斗中,通过挤出机塑化混炼,经模头挤出;内层由中心进料,中层和外层由侧面进料,原料混炼后经机头流道进一步均化,在特定的位置复合,形成三层不同原料组成的结合紧密、分层明显的管状料胚从机头口部挤出;通过控制内冷风机进、排风量,把管状料胚吹胀到所需要的直径,同时由内、外风环送出的空气冷却定型;定型的膜泡经过人字板和插板进入第一牵引装置,插板机构可将薄膜制品在进入牵引装置压辊之前进行折叠。
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Application publication date: 20190125