CN109511424A - 红外线阻隔高保温po膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents

红外线阻隔高保温po膜及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN109511424A
CN109511424A CN201811335397.4A CN201811335397A CN109511424A CN 109511424 A CN109511424 A CN 109511424A CN 201811335397 A CN201811335397 A CN 201811335397A CN 109511424 A CN109511424 A CN 109511424A
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王宏伟
王帆
王一帆
王琳硕
张英智
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Panjin Yifeng Agricultural Science And Technology Development Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及红外线阻隔高保温PO膜及其制备方法，外层为抗紫外线耐老化层，中层为保温层、内层为抗紫外线耐老化层，采用三层共挤吹塑工艺，各层所用树脂按如下要求选用，按比例加入耐老化母料、水滑石保温母料两种母料，经三层共挤工艺吹塑成型。本发明有益效果为：选用两种及两种以上水滑石，利用不同品种阻隔红外线的峰值不同，提高阻隔红外线的能力，经过筛选，实现红外线透过率44～46％，达到与EVA膜红外线透过率相当水平，达到同等EVA膜保温效果。

Description

红外线阻隔高保温PO膜及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及农用棚膜，特别是涉及红外线阻隔高保温PO膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
塑料大棚温室栽培已经是农业生产必不可少的设施，在秋、冬、春季为反季蔬菜、果树等作物生长提供必要的生长条件。因此在低温环境中如何提高棚内温度是保证作物生长是新型棚膜的发展方向。为保证棚膜的透光性提高棚温采取内添加表面活性剂或外涂覆胶等通常措施，提高透光率，同时提高棚膜的保温性能也是促进作物早熟的重要技术措施。提高保温性主要是减少红外线透过率，白天太阳光通过棚膜照射到棚内，除参加作物光合作用外，光照射到棚内土壤、建筑物等会转变成热能，热能以红外线的型式向外散射，如果再通过棚膜流散出棚外，则温室保温性能下降。红外线透过率越低则保温性能越好。
与本发明相近的一种措施是进行红外线阻隔，近年来通过采用红外线透过率低的EVA(乙烯--乙酸乙烯酯共聚物)和水滑石(加入量1％)等物质，可以将普通的聚乙烯棚膜70％的红外线透过率降到45～50％，形成“红外线阻隔膜”，从而实现温室的高保温效果。
PO膜自2011年以来在国内发展开来，采用涂覆技术实现具有与使用寿命相同的流滴减雾功能，在保温措施上采用填加水滑石(加入量5％)的方法来阻隔红外线，实现保温功能，但红外线透过率为53～65％，虽比聚乙烯膜的70～75％低，但还是达不到EVA膜的保温水平。
现有的农用棚膜保温功能是红外线阻隔实现的，通过阻挡棚内温度以红外线方式向外散失，实现保温性能。目前市场上棚膜主要类别有耐老化聚乙烯棚膜、PO膜、EVA棚膜，这三种棚膜红外线透过率依次降低，分别为70～75％、53～65％、45～50％。红外线透过率最低的EVA膜保温性能最好。
PO膜是近年兴起的外涂覆型实现流滴减雾性能与棚膜使用寿命相同，这种功能好于EVA和PE内添加型流滴减雾棚膜。但保温性能不如EVA膜是PO膜在高寒地区低温时间段与EVA膜的保温性能的差距。
发明内容
本发明要解决PO膜保温性能不及EVA膜的问题，使PO膜达到与EVA膜红外线透过率相当水平，达到同等EVA膜保温效果。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供的技术方案为：红外线阻隔高保温PO膜，采用三层共挤吹塑工艺,外层为抗紫外线耐老化层，中层为保温层、内层为抗紫外线耐老化层，原料配方如下:各组分以重量百分比计，
外层的质量百分比组成为：
低密度聚乙烯LDPE/线性低密度聚乙烯LLDPE/茂金属线性聚乙烯树脂mLLDPE96～97％，耐老化母料3～4％；
中层保温层的质量百分比组成为：
低密度聚乙烯LDPE/线性低密度聚乙烯LLDPE/茂金属线性聚乙烯树脂mLLDPE96～97％，耐老化母料3～4％，水滑石保温母料14.9～15.1％，色母料；
内层质量百分比组成为：
低密度聚乙烯LDPE/线性低密度聚乙烯LLDPE/茂金属线性聚乙烯树脂mLLDPE96～97％，耐老化母料3～4％，色母料。
所述耐老化母料的质量百分比组成为：
低密度聚乙烯粉料LLDPE81.5～86.5％,受阻胺光稳定剂10～14％，复合抗氧剂3.5～4.5％。
所述水滑石保温母料的质量百分比组成为：
低密度聚乙烯粉料LLDPE87～89％,至少两种水滑石合计30～60％，复合抗氧剂3.5～4.5％。
所述水滑石保温母料制备方法为：按照配方，用电子秤准确地称量各种助剂。然后投放到密炼机加料口中，降下加压盖，混炼、捏合20～30分钟。混炼完成后经斗提将料团送入单螺杆挤出机中，依靠螺杆旋转产生的压力及剪切力，能使得物料可以充分进行塑化以及均匀混合，通过口模成型，经切粒机切粒成型，旋风分离器除湿，产出成品。
所述耐老化母料采用高混+双螺杆挤出工艺。
本发明还提供了该红外线阻隔高保温PO膜的制备方法，其特征在于：吹膜时采用三层共挤设备，机组共有三套挤出机。将各种聚乙烯树脂及母料加入混料缸中搅拌均匀，由吸料器倒入挤出机料斗中，通过挤出机塑化混炼，经模头挤出。内层由中心进料，中层和外层由侧面进料，原料混炼后经机头流道进一步均化，在特定的位置复合，形成三层不同原料组成的结合紧密、分层明显的管状料胚从机头口部挤出。通过控制内冷风机进、排风量，把管状料胚吹胀到所需要的直径，同时由内、外风环送出的空气冷却定型。定型的膜泡经过人字板和插板进入第一牵引装置，插板机构可将薄膜制品在进入牵引装置压辊之前进行折叠。最终产品折叠、收叠后包装。
本发明的有益效果为：本发明是选用两种及两种以上水滑石，利用不同品种阻隔红外线的峰值不同，提高阻隔红外线的能力，经过筛选，实现红外线透过率44～46％，达到与EVA膜红外线透过率相当水平，达到同等EVA膜保温效果。另外，本发明不仅消除了PO膜保温性不足的缺点，在扣棚成本上给用户降低成本，重要的是提高保温性，在越冬棚初期低温时段，夜间保证作物生长的最低温度高于同等条下的PE和普通PO膜，实早熟高产的效果。
附图说明
图1是红外线阻隔高保温PO膜制备方法的工艺流程图。
图2是红外线阻隔高保温PO膜水滑石保温母料制备方法的工艺流程图。
图3是红外线阻隔高保温PO膜耐老化母料制备方法的工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步的详细说明。
红外线阻隔高保温PO膜及的制备采用三层共挤吹塑工艺，各层所用树脂按如下要求选用，按比例加入耐老化母料、水滑石保温母料两种母料，经三层共挤工艺吹塑成型。各层原料按质量百分比选取如下：
外层(抗紫外线耐老化层)：
低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)：35％，线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)：35％，茂金属线性低密度聚乙烯(mLLDPE)26％，耐老化母料：4％
中层(保温层)：
低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)：40.5％，线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)：40.5％，耐老化母料：4％，水滑石保温母料：15％
内层(抗紫外线耐老化层)：
低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)：35％，线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)：35％，茂金属线性低密度聚乙烯(mLLDPE)26％，耐老化母料A：4％
结合附图3，耐老化母料的制备：
低密度聚乙烯粉料(LLDPE)：85kg，受阻胺光稳定剂(TH944)：14kg，复合抗氧剂(B215)：1kg。
以上耐老化母料各组分准确称量，投入高速混合机中搅拌均匀，经双螺杆挤出机造粒风干备用。
结合附图2，水滑石保温母料的制备：
低密度聚乙烯粉料(LLDPE)52kg，水滑石MAGCELER1、M1380、HTP各8kg,合计24kg，复合抗氧剂4kg。
以上水滑石保温母料各组分准确称量，然后投放到密炼机加料口中，降下加压盖，混炼、捏合20～30分钟，混炼完成后经斗提将料团送入单螺杆挤出机中，依靠螺杆旋转产生的压力及剪切力，能使得物料可以充分进行塑化以及均匀混合，通过口模成型，经切粒机切粒成型，旋风分离器除湿，产出成品备用。
结合附图1，将称量好的物料用混料器搅拌15min，使物料混合均匀,分别送入三台挤出机中，挤出机长径比为30:1，模头为三层复合中心进料型，物料分别经三台挤出机的熔融、塑化、挤出到三层共挤模头经螺旋体继续塑化，经过圆形口模共同挤出，从圆形口模挤出复合筒状膜管，膜管在模心吹进的压缩空气吹胀作用下横向拉伸，同时经过圆形风口的冷却和上牵引夹辊的纵向牵伸；经PO涂覆液浸润、烘干；最后经插板插叠和收卷而制得专用膜。
以上对本发明及其实施方式进行了描述，这种描述没有限制性，附图中所示的也只是本发明的实施方式之一，实际的结构并不局限于此。总而言之如果本领域的普通技术人员受其启示，在不脱离本发明创造宗旨的情况下，不经创造性的设计出与该技术方案相似的结构方式及实施例，均应属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (4)

1.红外线阻隔高保温PO膜，采用三层共挤吹塑工艺,外层为抗紫外线耐老化层，中层为保温层、内层为抗紫外线耐老化层，其特征在于，原料配方如下:各组分以重量百分比计，
外层的质量百分比组成为：
低密度聚乙烯LDPE/线性低密度聚乙烯LLDPE/茂金属线性聚乙烯树脂mLLDPE96～97％，耐老化母料3～4％；
中层保温层的质量百分比组成为：
低密度聚乙烯LDPE/线性低密度聚乙烯LLDPE/茂金属线性聚乙烯树脂mLLDPE96～97％，耐老化母料3～4％，水滑石保温母料14.9～15.1％，色母料；
内层质量百分比组成为：
低密度聚乙烯LDPE/线性低密度聚乙烯LLDPE/茂金属线性聚乙烯树脂mLLDPE96～97％，耐老化母料3～4％，色母料。
所述耐老化母料的质量百分比组成为：
低密度聚乙烯粉料LLDPE81.5～86.5％,受阻胺光稳定剂10～14％，复合抗氧剂3.5～4.5％。
所述水滑石保温母料的质量百分比组成为：
低密度聚乙烯粉料LLDPE87～89％,至少两种水滑石合计30～60％，复合抗氧剂3.5～4.5％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的红外线阻隔高保温PO膜，其特征在于：所述水滑石保温母料制备方法为：按照配方，用电子秤准确地称量各种助剂，然后投放到密炼机加料口中，降下加压盖，混炼、捏合20～30分钟，混炼完成后经斗提将料团送入单螺杆挤出机中，依靠螺杆旋转产生的压力及剪切力，能使得物料可以充分进行塑化以及均匀混合，通过口模成型，经切粒机切粒成型，旋风分离器除湿，产出成品。
3.根据权利要求1所述的红外线阻隔高保温PO膜，其特征在于：所述耐老化母料采用高混加上双螺杆挤出工艺。
4.根据权利要求1所述的红外线阻隔高保温PO膜的制备方法，其特征在于：吹膜时采用三层共挤设备，机组共有三套挤出机，将各种聚乙烯树脂及母料加入混料缸中搅拌均匀，由吸料器倒入挤出机料斗中，通过挤出机塑化混炼，经模头挤出，内层由中心进料，中层和外层由侧面进料，原料混炼后经机头流道进一步均化，在特定的位置复合，形成三层不同原料组成的结合紧密、分层明显的管状料胚从机头口部挤出，通过控制内冷风机进、排风量，把管状料胚吹胀到所需要的直径，同时由内、外风环送出的空气冷却定型，定型的膜泡经过人字板和插板进入第一牵引装置，插板机构可将薄膜制品在进入牵引装置压辊之前进行折叠，最终产品折叠、收叠后包装。
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