CN112025231B - Machining process for machining cutter - Google Patents
Machining process for machining cutter Download PDFInfo
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- CN112025231B CN112025231B CN202010830736.7A CN202010830736A CN112025231B CN 112025231 B CN112025231 B CN 112025231B CN 202010830736 A CN202010830736 A CN 202010830736A CN 112025231 B CN112025231 B CN 112025231B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/28—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass cutting tools
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
The application relates to a machining process for machining a cutter, which comprises the following procedures: a1, selecting materials: selecting high-speed steel as a cutter material; a2, forging: forging the cutter blank to obtain a cutter rough blank; a3, annealing: carrying out annealing heat treatment; a4, machining: cutting the blank to form a cutter; a5, heat treatment: carrying out quenching and tempering treatment; a6, first passivation: soaking in passivation solution for 20-30 min; a7, finishing: grinding the cutter to meet the precision requirement; a8, secondary passivation: and passivating the cutter again. This application has and carries out the passivation for the first time before the finish machining, passivates the tiny breach of cutter rough blank blade, after the finish machining, passivates again, gets rid of the slot that leaves on the cutter surface when tiny breach, burr and the finish machining of cutter blade, reduces the heat of cut to reduce the effect that the possibility of tipping.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of machining of mechanical tools, in particular to a machining process for machining a tool.
Background
The machining tool is a tool used for cutting in machine manufacturing, and is also called a cutting tool, which is mostly used in most of the time, but is also used manually. Since tools used in machine manufacturing are basically used for cutting metal materials, the term "tool" is generally understood to mean a metal cutting tool.
In the related art, after the tool is selected, at least forging, machining and finishing are required to machine the tool from the blank, and the tool reaches the precision requirement when the tool is subjected to finishing.
In view of the above-mentioned related technologies, the inventor believes that there are girth notches with different degrees at the cutting edge of the tool after finish machining, and the girth notches are easy to expand during the cutting process, thereby accelerating the wear and damage of the tool.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to slow down the speed of wearing and damage of the cutter in the cutting machining use process, the application provides a machining process for machining the cutter.
The machining process for machining the cutter adopts the following technical scheme: a machining process for machining a tool, comprising the steps of:
a1, selecting materials: selecting high-speed steel as a cutter material;
a2, forging: forging the cutter blank to obtain a cutter rough blank;
a3, annealing: carrying out annealing heat treatment;
a4, machining: cutting the blank to form a cutter;
a5, heat treatment: carrying out quenching and tempering treatment;
a6, first passivation: soaking in passivation solution for 20-30 min;
a7, finishing: grinding the cutter to meet the precision requirement;
a8, secondary passivation: and passivating the cutter again.
By adopting the technical scheme, high-speed steel is selected as a material, annealing is firstly carried out after forging, the hardness of the cutter is reduced, machining is convenient to carry out, the rough blank of the cutter is cut and milled for shaping, the rough blank of the cutter is preliminarily shaped, then quenching is carried out to improve the hardness of the cutter, internal stress of the cutter is reduced by tempering, after the cutter is restored to room temperature, a worker passivates the cutter blank obtained after heat treatment for the first time, burrs and small tipping at the cutter edge are treated by the first passivation, the possibility of enlarging small tipping gaps during finish machining is reduced, the quality of finish machining is improved, and after finish machining, the worker carries out secondary passivation on the cutter, so that the burrs and the small notches generated by the cutter in the finish machining process are removed, and the possibility of accelerating abrasion and tipping of the cutter in the use process is reduced.
Preferably, in the step A3, the rough cutting tool blank is heated to 850-900 ℃, cooled to 750-780 ℃ after being kept warm for 4 hours, cooled to 500-550 ℃ in a heating furnace after being kept warm for 6 hours, and finally taken out and naturally cooled to room temperature in the air.
By adopting the technical scheme, austenite in the cutter is decomposed, so that the hardness of the cutter is reduced, the cutting processability of the cutter is improved, and the cutter is convenient to form.
Preferably, the process a5 includes the steps of:
b1, preheating the cutter in the first stage: heating the cutter to 320-420 ℃ and preserving the temperature for 20 minutes;
b2, preheating the cutter in the second stage: heating the cutter to 780-850 ℃;
b3, quenching the cutter: heating the cutter to 1280-1300 ℃, preserving the temperature for 10 minutes, and finally cooling to room temperature in the furnace.
By adopting the technical scheme, the possibility of deformation of the cutter is reduced through repeated preheating, the internal stress of the cutter is reduced or eliminated through quenching, the size of the cutter is stabilized, and the mechanical property of the cutter is improved.
Preferably, in the step B2, the cutter is kept at the temperature of 830-850 ℃, kerosene is added into the heating furnace, the dropping amount of the kerosene is 8-12 ml/min, ammonia gas is introduced into the heating furnace, and the duration time of the steps is 3-4 hours.
By adopting the technical scheme, in the process step A5, in the process of preheating in the second stage, ammonia gas is introduced into the heating furnace and kerosene is dripped in, carbonitriding is carried out on the cutter in the process of preheating in the second preheating stage, and surface hardening is carried out on the cutter, so that carbonitriding is completed while quenching is carried out, the surface hardness of the cutter is improved, and the process is saved.
Preferably, in the step a5, the tempering step includes heating the cutting tool to 550-.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, through heating and heat preservation many times, reduce the inside stress of cutter step by step, reduce because there is a large amount of residual stress in the cutter inside, lead to the cutter in the in-service use process, take place the possibility of tipping easily.
Preferably, in the process step a7, after the precision requirement of the tool finish is met, the tool is coated, and in the step a7, the tool coating adopts a chemical vapor deposition method.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, through setting up the coating, promoted the surface property of cutter, promoted the corrosion resisting property and the surface hardness of cutter, make the cutter wear-resisting durable more, owing to adopt chemical vapor deposition method to carry out the cutter coating to the cutter, use equipment is simple, and the coating thickness is even.
In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. passivating the micro notch of the cutting edge of the rough blank of the cutter for the first time before finish machining, so that the possibility of edge breakage in the finish machining process is reduced, passivating the micro notch, the burr and a groove left on the surface of the cutter during finish machining after finish machining, so that the cutting heat generated by friction in the working process of the cutter is reduced, and the possibility of edge breakage caused by the burr and the micro notch is reduced;
2. the cutter is subjected to carbonitriding in the preheating process of quenching, so that the working procedures and working steps are saved, and the operation process is simplified.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic overall process flow diagram of a machining process for machining a tool according to an embodiment of the present application.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of each step in step A5.
Detailed Description
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to figures 1-2.
The embodiment of the application discloses a machining process for machining a cutter. Referring to fig. 1, a machining process for machining a tool includes
A1, selecting materials: and selecting high-speed steel as the material of the cutter. The high-speed steel comprises C0.7-0.8%, W17.5-19%, Cr 3.8-4.4%, V1.0-1.4%, Mn less than 0.4%, Si less than 0.4%, S less than 0.3%, and P less than 0.3%.
A2, forging: and forging and plasticizing the cutter raw material by forging the hand grip and the air-steam forging hammer to obtain a cutter rough blank.
A3, annealing: and putting the cutter into a trolley type resistance furnace for annealing. After the tool is placed into the trolley and the furnace door is closed, the resistance furnace is started to heat the rough blank of the tool to 850-.
A4, machining: and (4) forming the rough blank of the cutter by using machine tools such as a lathe, a milling machine, a planer and the like to enable the cutter to form a fine blank.
Referring to fig. 2, a5, heat treatment: the heat treatment includes quenching and tempering. The quenching stage comprises the following steps:
b1, preheating the cutter in the first stage, placing the cutter in a well type gas carburizing furnace, slowly heating the refined blank to 320-420 ℃, wherein the temperature is 400 ℃ in the embodiment, then preserving the heat for at least 20 minutes, slowly heating and preheating the cutter, thereby reducing the possibility of generating a large amount of stress in the cutter due to too fast temperature rise and uneven temperature rise of the cutter, and in the preheating of the first stage of the cutter, ammonia gas and kerosene are not introduced into the furnace.
B2, preheating the cutter in the second stage, heating the cutter to 780-850 ℃ in a well type gas carburizing furnace, further adjusting the temperature in the furnace, raising the temperature to 830-850 ℃, wherein in the embodiment, the 830 ℃ is selected, kerosene is dropped into the furnace, the speed of inputting the kerosene is kept to be 8-12 ml/min, and ammonia gas is started to be introduced into the furnace after the kerosene is introduced for a certain time, so that the possibility of cutter oxidation caused by the fact that the time for introducing the ammonia gas is too long is reduced, wherein the time for introducing the ammonia gas is one third of the time for introducing the kerosene, the preheating in the second stage of the whole cutter lasts for 3-4 hours, and then the kerosene and the ammonia gas are stopped to be input, thereby realizing the carbonitriding of the cutter, and increasing the surface hardness and the wear resistance of the cutter.
B3, quenching the cutter: the cutter is heated to 1280-1300 ℃ in a well type gas carburizing furnace and then is insulated for 10 minutes, thereby realizing the quenching of the cutter and the integral hardening of the cutter.
In the tempering heat treatment process, the temperature of a refined cutter blank in a well-type carburizing furnace is naturally reduced to be lower than 100 ℃ by workers, then the refined cutter blank is reheated to 550-580 ℃, 570 ℃ is selected in the embodiment, the refined cutter blank is insulated for 1 hour, then the refined cutter blank is cooled to be lower than 100 ℃ again, the operation is repeated for three times, finally the cutter is heated to 200 ℃ and insulated for 1 hour, and then the cutter is taken out and naturally cooled to the room temperature. The tempering process reduces the stress in the refined blank of the cutter and reduces the influence of the internal stress of the cutter on the strength of the cutter.
A6, first passivation: the first passivation process adopts acid pickling passivation, the cutter is placed into acid pickling passivation solution to be soaked for 20-30 minutes, and then the refined cutter blank is taken out.
A7, finishing: and grinding the tool fine blank by using a grinding machine, processing the tool fine blank to a specified size, and meeting the tool precision requirement. After the grinding is finished, a worker carries out cutter coating on the cutter by a chemical vapor deposition method, the TiAlCrN coating is adopted as the coating, and then the oxidation wear resistance of the old chrysanthemum is improved, and the cutting performance of the cutter is improved.
A8, secondary passivation: the secondary passivation adopts an ultrasonic wave passivation method, burrs and small gaps at the edge of the cutter are passivated when ultrasonic pickling passivation is carried out, and micro solidified protrusions on the surface coating of the cutter are removed, so that the possibility that the micro protrusions rub a cut workpiece to generate extra cutting heat and cause resistance in the cutting process by using the cutter is reduced. Meanwhile, the surface of the cutter is cleaned in the ultrasonic passivation process, and the contaminated oil stains and the like are cleaned. And finishing the complete processing of the cutter after the passivation is finished.
The implementation principle of the machining process for machining the cutter in the embodiment of the application is as follows: reduce the fine machining in-process cutter through the passivation for the first time and take place the possibility that small tipping influences cutter blade integrality, reduce cutter blade burr and the coating arch of adhering to the stage property surface through the passivation for the second time, reduce the production of tipping and reduce the heat of cutting heat. The carbonitriding is carried out in the quenching preheating process, so that the working procedures and the working parts are simplified, the flow is simplified, and the processing efficiency is improved.
The above are preferred embodiments of the present application, and the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the present application shall be covered by the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (6)
1. A machining process for machining a cutter is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
a1, selecting materials: selecting high-speed steel as a cutter material;
a2, forging: forging the cutter blank to obtain a cutter rough blank;
a3, annealing: carrying out annealing heat treatment;
a4, machining: cutting the blank to form a cutter;
a5, heat treatment: carrying out quenching and tempering treatment;
a6, first passivation: soaking in passivation solution for 20-30 min;
a7, finishing: grinding the cutter to meet the precision requirement;
a8, secondary passivation: passivating the cutter again;
in the step A5, the tempering step includes heating the cutting tool to 550-580 deg.C, keeping the temperature for 1 hour, then naturally cooling the cutting tool to below 100 deg.C, repeating the process for 3 times, heating the cutting tool to 200 deg.C after the cutting tool is cooled to below 100 deg.C for the third time, keeping the temperature for one hour, and finally naturally cooling the cutting tool to room temperature;
in a process step A7, after the precision machining of the cutter meets the precision requirement, coating the cutter;
in step a7, the tool coating is chemical vapor deposited.
2. A machining process for a machining tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step A3, the rough blank of the cutting tool is heated to 850-.
3. A machining process for a machining tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: procedure a5 includes the following steps:
b1, preheating the cutter in the first stage: heating the cutter to 320-420 ℃ and preserving heat for 20 minutes;
b2, preheating the cutter in the second stage: heating the cutter to 780-850 ℃;
b3, quenching the cutter: heating the cutter to 1280-1300 ℃, preserving the temperature for 10 minutes, and finally cooling to room temperature in the furnace.
4. A machining process for a machining tool according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the step B2, the cutter is kept at the temperature of 830-850 ℃, kerosene is added into the heating furnace, the drop volume of the kerosene is 8-12 ml/min, ammonia gas is introduced into the furnace, and the heat preservation and the step duration are 3-4 hours.
5. A machining process for a machining tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the process step A8, ultrasonic passivation is adopted for passivation, and the ultrasonic passivation time is 8-10 minutes.
6. A machining process for a machining tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: the chemical element content of the high-speed steel is 0.7-0.8% of C, 17.5-19% of W, 3.8-4.4% of Cr, 1.0-1.4% of V, less than 0.4% of Mn, less than 0.4% of Si, less than 0.3% of S and less than 0.3% of P.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010830736.7A CN112025231B (en) | 2020-08-18 | 2020-08-18 | Machining process for machining cutter |
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| CN202010830736.7A CN112025231B (en) | 2020-08-18 | 2020-08-18 | Machining process for machining cutter |
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| CN112025231B true CN112025231B (en) | 2022-08-23 |
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| CN114427017A (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2022-05-03 | 苏州志韧机械刀片有限公司 | Heat treatment process of high-strength corrosion-resistant high-alloy cutter |
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