CN112024838A - Device and method for detecting jetting state of nozzle - Google Patents
Device and method for detecting jetting state of nozzle Download PDFInfo
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- CN112024838A CN112024838A CN202010939816.6A CN202010939816A CN112024838A CN 112024838 A CN112024838 A CN 112024838A CN 202010939816 A CN202010939816 A CN 202010939816A CN 112024838 A CN112024838 A CN 112024838A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
- B22D11/124—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for cooling
- B22D11/1246—Nozzles; Spray heads
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
- B22D11/22—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for cooling cast stock or mould
- B22D11/225—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for cooling cast stock or mould for secondary cooling
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Abstract
The application provides a device and a method for detecting the spraying state of a nozzle, and relates to the field of detection of nozzles of continuous casting machines. The injection state detection method includes: and arranging a spraying state detection device in the two cooling chambers and moving at a preset speed along the casting flow direction of the two cooling chambers, wherein the spraying state detection device can receive jet flows of nozzles arranged on the side walls of the two cooling chambers and obtain striking pressure signals of the jet flows to the nozzles. And judging whether the striking pressure signal has an abnormal signal or not. And if the striking pressure signal has an abnormal signal, determining a time point of the abnormal signal, and determining the position of a nozzle forming the abnormal signal according to the preset speed and the time length required by the time point. The spray state detection device is convenient and fast when used for checking the spray state of the two cold chamber nozzles, is sensitive in signal receiving, accurate in judgment of blocked nozzles, replaces manual operation, reduces labor intensity, improves safe operation rate, and is high in detection efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of detection of nozzles of continuous casting machines, in particular to a device and a method for detecting the spraying state of a nozzle.
Background
In the molten steel pouring process, a continuous casting machine is equipment for solidifying liquid molten steel into a solid casting blank, the primary blank shell is effectively promoted to be further cooled by spraying water through a nozzle of a secondary cooling chamber, and the key point for obtaining good internal structure is the effect of spraying water for cooling the casting blank through the nozzle.
The nozzles of the two cooling chambers are often blocked by impurities under the influence of water source impurities, so that the water spraying of the nozzles is uneven. In order to ensure that the water spraying cooling effect of the nozzles of the secondary cooling chamber is uniform, the secondary cooling chamber is filled by operators after pouring is finished every time, the nozzles are checked one by the naked eyes by means of an auxiliary lighting tool flashlight, and the checked nozzles (blocked nozzles) are maintained. The method has low nozzle checking efficiency and high labor intensity; the judgment accuracy is not high due to the influence of the environment; meanwhile, the secondary cooling chamber has a severe environment and has a plurality of unsafe factors.
At present, the spraying state is judged on the market partially by utilizing the mechanical deformation generated by sound, but in the closed space of the two cooling chambers of the continuous casting machine, the sound is very large during the water spraying test, the sound source is uncertain, and the misjudgment is very easy.
In view of this, the present application is hereby presented.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a device and a method for detecting an ejection state of a nozzle, which can solve at least one of the above-mentioned problems.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for detecting an injection state of a nozzle in a secondary cooling chamber of a continuous casting machine, which includes:
s1, arranging a spraying state detection device in the two cooling chambers and moving at a preset speed along the casting flow direction of the two cooling chambers, wherein the spraying state detection device can receive jet flow of a nozzle arranged on the side wall of the two cooling chambers and obtain a striking pressure signal of the jet flow to the spraying state detection device.
And S2, judging whether the striking pressure signal has an abnormal signal or not.
And S3, if the striking pressure signal has an abnormal signal, determining a time point of the abnormal signal, and determining the position of a nozzle forming the abnormal signal according to the preset speed and the time length required by the time point.
In the implementation process, the spraying state detection device is used for receiving a water spraying striking pressure signal of a nozzle in a secondary cooling chamber of a continuous casting machine, the water spraying state of the nozzle is judged rapidly by analyzing the striking pressure signal, an abnormal signal of the abnormal spraying state and a time point of the abnormal signal are determined, the position of the nozzle is fixed and unchanged, so that the displacement is determined according to the preset speed and the time required by the time to advance to the time point, the displacement is compared with the position distribution of the nozzle, the position of the nozzle forming the abnormal signal is obtained, manual inspection of the operation of the nozzle is replaced, the spraying state detection device is convenient and rapid when being used for inspecting the spraying state of the nozzle of the secondary cooling chamber, the signal receiving is sensitive, the judgment of the blocked nozzle is accurate, the manual operation is replaced, the labor intensity is reduced, the safe operation rate.
With reference to the first aspect, in one possible embodiment, the predetermined speed is a constant speed and the specific water amount in the second cooling chamber is a constant specific water amount during the travel of the injection state detecting device in the casting direction of the second cooling chamber.
In the implementation process, the constant speed is more consistent with a real casting blank moving mode, so that real stress can be simulated conveniently, and meanwhile, the difficulty in subsequently determining the position of a nozzle for forming an abnormal signal is reduced due to the constant speed and the constant specific water amount.
The injection state detection device can change a pressure signal into an electric signal through the pressure sensor and transmit the electric signal to a computer and the like in a signal transmission mode, but the signal loss caused in the signal transmission process is effectively avoided under the set condition, the precision of a detection result is reduced, and certain errors are caused.
In order to avoid the above situation, in a possible embodiment in combination with the first aspect, the injection state detecting device is provided with a pressure sensor having a memory, the pressure sensor having a sensing surface facing the jet flow from the nozzle, the pressure sensor obtaining a striking pressure signal of the jet flow against the sensing surface and storing the striking pressure signal in the memory.
Step S2 includes: and after the injection state detection device is moved to the end along the casting flow direction, reading the memory, and determining whether the striking pressure signal has an abnormal signal.
In the implementation process, the pressure sensor detects the pressure of the jet flow on the sensing surface through the collision of the jet flow on the sensing surface by the sensing surface, and the pressure signal is converted into an electric signal to be stored in the memory, and the signal in the memory is read when the pressure sensor is used.
Optionally, the number of the pressure sensors is multiple, the pressure sensors correspond to the side walls of the two cooling chambers one by one, and the distance between the sensing surface of each pressure sensor and the nozzle arranged on the corresponding side wall of the two cooling chambers is the same.
In the implementation process, because the casting blank that is located two cold rooms is square and its four sides need evenly to cool off, consequently need guarantee among the practical use that four sides of casting blank are hit the water and hit power and keep unanimous, consequently adopt above-mentioned setting mode, guarantee that spray condition detection device detects the water attack that water attack basically and actual casting blank received and keep unanimous, can really reflect actual nozzle water spray effect, pressure sensors and two cold rooms's lateral wall one-to-one simultaneously, can once use just obtain two cold rooms in the hitting pressure signal of whole nozzles, greatly improve the efficiency that detects.
With reference to the first aspect, in one possible implementation, the manner of disposing the injection state detection device in the second cold chamber in step S1 includes:
the injection state detection device is detachably fixed at the head of a dummy bar of the continuous casting machine, so that the injection state detection device moves synchronously with the dummy bar.
In the implementation process, the casting blank poured normally moves under the traction of the dummy bar, so that the jet state detection device is driven by the dummy bar to move synchronously, the installation process is effectively simplified, the moving speed and the moving path are convenient to control, the moving path of the jet state detection device can be kept consistent with the moving path of the actual casting blank, the moving speed can also be controlled to be kept consistent with the actual moving speed, the motion of the actual casting blank can be simulated, the actual casting blank can be obtained to bear real water hammer, the regulation and control of the related water hammer force can be performed according to the actual requirement, the abnormal data of the jet state can be accurately obtained, and the detection accuracy is improved.
With reference to the first aspect, in a possible embodiment, the injection condition detecting device is magnetically connected to the head of the dummy bar.
In the implementation process, the actual two cooling chambers are closed narrow spaces, the injection state detection device is installed on the dummy bar with great difficulty and trouble, and in order to solve the problems, a magnetic linkage connection mode is adopted, so that the operation is simple, accurate and reliable.
With reference to the first aspect, in a possible embodiment, the predetermined speed is 0.3 to 1m/min and the specific water amount in the secondary cooling chamber is 0.2L/kg to 1L/kg during the travel of the cassette in the casting direction of the secondary cooling chamber at the predetermined speed.
In the implementation process, through the preset speed basically matched with the standard pulling speed of the casting, the spraying effect of the nozzle during pouring is really detected, the hitting pressure signal received by the induction surface is basically consistent with the hitting pressure signal obtained by the actual casting, and meanwhile, because the spraying state detection device provided by the application can accurately obtain the weak water hammer signal under the lower specific water amount, the high specific water amount is avoided, and the spraying state of the nozzle can be accurately reflected and detected on the premise of effectively saving water.
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present application provide an injection state detection device for a nozzle, which is suitable for being disposed in a second cooling chamber of a continuous casting machine.
The injection state detection device comprises a box body and a pressure sensor.
The side wall of the box body is provided with at least one pressure sensor with a memory, the pressure sensor is provided with a sensing surface facing the jet flow from the nozzle, and the pressure sensor obtains a striking pressure signal of the jet flow to the sensing surface through the step S1 of the injection state detection method provided by the first aspect of the application and stores the striking pressure signal in the memory.
In the implementation process, the pressure sensor detects the pressure of the jet flow on the sensing surface through the collision of the jet flow on the sensing surface by the sensing surface, and directly converts the pressure signal into an electric signal to be stored in the memory.
When utilizing above-mentioned injection state detection device to detect the injection state of the nozzle in the two cold rooms of conticaster simultaneously, injection state detection device can receive and save nozzle water spray and hit pressure signal, hits pressure signal through reading the analysis, and then judges the nozzle water spray state fast, replaces the manual work and examines the nozzle operation, convenient and fast when this injection state detection device is used for examining the injection state of two cold rooms nozzle, signal reception is sensitive, it judges the accuracy to block up the nozzle, replace manual operation, reduce intensity of labour, improve safe operation rate.
With reference to the first aspect, in one possible embodiment, the side wall of the box body is formed by sequentially connecting four side wall units, wherein at least one side wall unit is provided with a pressure sensor.
Optionally, each side wall unit is provided with a pressure sensor.
In the implementation process, each pressure sensor works independently, the detection efficiency is high, when the spray state of the nozzle in the two cold chambers of the continuous casting machine is detected, all nozzle segments are moved along the casting flow direction by the induction spray state detection device, all the nozzle water spray effects are recorded by the spray state detection device, manual operation is effectively replaced, the labor intensity is reduced, the safe operation rate is improved, and meanwhile, the performance measurement of the nozzle located on the inner side walls of the two cold chambers can be completed at one time.
With reference to the first aspect, in a possible implementation manner, a hollow portion is disposed in the middle of the side wall unit, and the pressure sensor is disposed in the hollow portion and closes the hollow portion.
In the implementation process, the injection state detection device is simple and compact in structure, space is saved, space utilization is improved, external interference is avoided, and detection accuracy is improved due to the introduction of the hollow portion.
With reference to the first aspect, in one possible embodiment, the bottom wall of the box body is provided with a magnetic adsorption chassis.
In combination with the first aspect, in the implementation process, the magnetic adsorption chassis is arranged, so that the magnetic adsorption chassis can be conveniently fixed at a position to be fixed in a magnetic connection mode, such as a dummy bar and the like, the installation process is effectively saved, and the detection efficiency is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from the drawings without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a jetting state detection device;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of the matching relationship between the spray status detection device and the two cooling chambers.
Icon: 10-a spray condition detection device; 100-a cartridge; 110-a magnetic adsorption chassis; 120-a pressure sensor; 20-secondary cooling chamber; 210-a nozzle; 220-dummy bar.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application, generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, can be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, an injection status detecting apparatus 10 is adapted to be disposed in a second cooling chamber 20 of a continuous casting machine to detect the injection status of a nozzle 210.
Referring to fig. 1, the injection state detecting device 10 includes a box 100 and a pressure sensor 120.
The pressure sensor 120 is disposed on a sidewall of the box 100 for receiving the jet flow and obtaining a striking pressure signal of the jet flow, that is, the pressure sensor 120 has a sensing surface facing the jet flow from the nozzle 210, and a receiver (not shown) for obtaining the striking pressure signal of the jet flow to the sensing surface.
In order to prevent loss during signal transmission, in this embodiment, the pressure sensor 120 further has a memory (not shown) for directly storing the striking pressure signal obtained by the receiver, and the memory is specifically, for example, an SD card memory, which includes a card slot and an SD card detachably mounted in the card slot for storing the striking pressure signal.
In this embodiment, the pressure sensor 120 is an electronic water pressure sensor, the electronic water pressure sensor has 1 electronic sensing screen, one side of the electronic sensing screen facing the corresponding nozzle 210 is used as a sensing surface, the receiver and the memory are disposed in the electronic sensing screen to prevent the electronic sensing screen from being immersed by water in the using process, meanwhile, the pressure sensor 120 works by using a rechargeable battery (not shown), and the pressure sensor 120 has a remote switch function to remotely turn on or off the pressure sensor 120.
The shape of the box 100 may be a hollow column, a cuboid, a cube, etc., in this embodiment, the box 100 is a hollow cube, specifically, a 200mm cube with a length, a width, and a height made of a stainless steel sheet is used.
The bottom wall of the box 100 is provided with a magnetic adsorption chassis 110 with magnetic adsorption capability, wherein the magnetic adsorption chassis 110 is detachably fixed on the bottom wall of the box 100 by screws, bolts and the like.
The side wall of the box body 100 is formed by connecting four side wall units in sequence. At least one of the side wall units is provided with a pressure sensor 120; specifically, for example, one, two, three, or all of the sidewall units of the box 100 are provided with the pressure sensors 120, and when only 1 to 3 sidewall units are provided with the pressure sensors 120, at least two measurements are required to obtain the spraying states of all the nozzles 210 in the secondary cooling chamber 20, which is tedious to operate, and therefore, in this embodiment, each sidewall unit is provided with the pressure sensor 120.
Meanwhile, the pressure sensor 120 may be directly externally disposed on the sidewall unit, but in order to save space and prevent the water from being immersed into the short circuit and other problems, optionally, a hollow portion is disposed in the middle of the sidewall unit, the electronic sensing screen of the pressure sensor 120 is disposed in the hollow portion and seals the hollow portion, so as to prevent the water from being immersed into the box 100, wherein the sensing surface of the electronic sensing screen is exposed to the outside, and the storage battery is located in the box 100.
Referring to fig. 2, the present application further provides a method for detecting the spraying status of the nozzle 210 in the second cooling chamber 20 of the continuous casting machine, which includes the following steps:
s1, disposing the spraying state detection device 10 in the second cooling chamber 20, opening a water spraying valve (not shown) of a nozzle 210 of the second cooling chamber 20 and starting a pressure sensor 120 of the spraying state detection device 10, wherein the spraying state detection device 10 travels at a preset speed along a casting flow direction (arrow direction in fig. 2) of the second cooling chamber 20, and the spraying state detection device 10 can receive a jet flow of the nozzle 210 disposed on a side wall of the second cooling chamber 20 and obtain a striking pressure signal of the jet flow against the jet flow.
Specifically, the dummy bar 220 of the casting corresponding to the nozzle 210 to be inspected is fed into the mold (not shown), and then the injection state detection device 10 is detachably fixed to the end surface of the head of the dummy bar 220 of the continuous casting machine through the magnetic adsorption base plate 110 of the box 100 (the end surface of the head of the dummy bar 220 has a groove, and the magnetic adsorption base plate 110 is embedded in the groove and magnetically adsorbs to the head of the dummy bar 220), so that the injection state detection device 10 moves along the casting direction of the secondary cooling chamber 20 along with the dummy bar 220.
The distance between the sensing surface of each pressure sensor 120 and the nozzle 210 disposed on the sidewall of the corresponding second cooling chamber 20 is the same, and since the distance between one end of each nozzle 210 away from the sidewall of the second cooling chamber 20 and the sidewall of the second cooling chamber 20 is substantially the same, it can be determined whether the distance between the sensing surface and the nozzle 210 disposed on the sidewall of the corresponding second cooling chamber 20 is the same or not by the following method: since the size center of the mold is the center of the casting blank, the center of the mold is measured, and the center line of the spraying state detection device 10 is basically overlapped with the center line of the mold, so that the distances between the sensing surface and the nozzles 210 arranged on the side walls of the corresponding two cooling chambers 20 are basically the same.
Wherein, in the process that the injection state detection device 10 moves along the casting flow direction of the secondary cooling chamber 20 at a preset speed, the preset speed is 0.3-1m/min, and the specific water amount in the secondary cooling chamber 20 is 0.2L/kg-1L/kg.
Optionally, during the traveling, the preset speed is a constant speed, and the specific water amount is a constant specific water amount, specifically, for example, the preset speed is 0.55m/min, and the specific water amount in the secondary cooling chamber 20 is 0.26L/kg.
And S2, judging whether the striking pressure signal has an abnormal signal or not.
Specifically, after the injection state detection device 10 is advanced to the end of the casting direction, the water injection valve of the nozzle 210 of the second cooling chamber 20 and the pressure sensor 120 are closed, the injection state detection device 10 is taken out and the SD card is read, and whether the striking pressure signal has an abnormal signal or not is determined.
The abnormal signal is mainly a smaller or larger striking pressure signal which exceeds the normal range and is caused by the change of the injection state compared with the normal range, the determination of the abnormal signal can be judged manually, a preset threshold value of the normal range can be set, and the abnormal signal which is out of the preset threshold value is judged by a computer.
And S3, if the striking pressure signal has an abnormal signal, determining a time point of the abnormal signal, and determining the position of the nozzle 210 forming the abnormal signal according to the preset speed and the time length required by the time point.
And S4, if the impact pressure signal does not have an abnormal signal, judging that the injection state is normal.
In summary, the injection state detection method of the nozzle accurately obtains the impact pressure signal of the jet flow to the nozzle according to the injection state detection device, and judges whether the impact pressure signal has an abnormal signal or not by subsequently reading and analyzing the impact pressure signal; if the abnormal signal exists, the time point of the abnormal signal is determined, and the position of the nozzle forming the abnormal signal is rapidly determined according to the preset speed and the time length required by the abnormal signal to travel to the time point, so that the manual inspection of the nozzle operation is effectively replaced, and the operation is convenient and rapid; the signal receiving is sensitive, and the judgment of the blocked nozzle is accurate; the manual operation is replaced, the labor intensity is reduced, and the safe operation rate is improved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A method for detecting the spraying state of a nozzle in a secondary cooling chamber of a continuous casting machine is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, arranging a spraying state detection device in the secondary cooling chamber and enabling the spraying state detection device to travel at a preset speed along the casting flow direction of the secondary cooling chamber, wherein the spraying state detection device can receive jet flow of a nozzle arranged on the side wall of the secondary cooling chamber and obtain a striking pressure signal of the jet flow to the spraying state detection device;
s2, judging whether the striking pressure signal has an abnormal signal or not;
and S3, if the striking pressure signal has an abnormal signal, determining a time point of the abnormal signal, and determining the position of the nozzle forming the abnormal signal according to a preset speed and the time length required by the striking pressure signal to travel to the time point.
2. The injection state detecting method according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined speed is a constant speed and the specific water amount in the second cooling chamber is a constant specific water amount during the travel of the injection state detecting device in the casting direction of the second cooling chamber.
3. An injection state detecting method according to claim 1, wherein the injection state detecting device is provided with a pressure sensor having a memory, the pressure sensor having a sensing surface facing a jet flow from a nozzle, the pressure sensor obtaining the striking pressure signal of the jet flow against the sensing surface and storing the striking pressure signal in the memory;
step S2 includes: after the injection state detection device is moved to the end along the casting flow direction, reading the memory, and determining whether the hitting pressure signal has an abnormal signal;
optionally, the number of the pressure sensors is multiple, the pressure sensors correspond to the side walls of the two cooling chambers one by one, and the distance between the sensing surface of each pressure sensor and the nozzle arranged on the corresponding side wall of the two cooling chambers is the same.
4. The injection state detection method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the manner of disposing the injection state detection device in the second cold chamber in step S1 includes:
and detachably fixing the spraying state detection device on the head of a dummy bar of the continuous casting machine, so that the spraying state detection device moves synchronously with the dummy bar.
5. The spraying state detecting method according to claim 4, wherein the spraying state detecting device is magnetically connected to a head portion of the dummy bar.
6. The spray condition detection method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the spray condition detection device is operated at a predetermined speed in the direction of the flow of the molten steel in the second cooling chamber, the predetermined speed is 0.3 to 1m/min, and the specific water amount in the second cooling chamber is 0.2L/kg to 1L/kg.
7. The spray state detection device of a nozzle is characterized by being suitable for being arranged in a secondary cooling chamber of a continuous casting machine;
the injection state detecting device includes a case body, a side wall of which is provided with at least one pressure sensor having a memory, the pressure sensor having a sensing surface facing a jet flow from a nozzle, the pressure sensor obtaining a striking pressure signal of the jet flow against the sensing surface through step S1 of the injection state detecting method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 and storing the striking pressure signal in the memory.
8. The ejection state detection device according to claim 7, wherein the side wall of the cartridge body is formed by sequentially connecting four side wall units, wherein at least one of the side wall units is provided with the pressure sensor;
optionally, each of the side wall units is provided with the pressure sensor.
9. The injection status detecting device according to claim 8, wherein a hollow portion is provided in a middle portion of the side wall unit, and the pressure sensor is provided in the hollow portion and closes the hollow portion.
10. The ejection status detection apparatus according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein a bottom wall of the case is provided with a magnetic adsorption chassis.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010939816.6A CN112024838A (en) | 2020-09-09 | 2020-09-09 | Device and method for detecting jetting state of nozzle |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010939816.6A CN112024838A (en) | 2020-09-09 | 2020-09-09 | Device and method for detecting jetting state of nozzle |
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| CN112024838A true CN112024838A (en) | 2020-12-04 |
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| CN202010939816.6A Pending CN112024838A (en) | 2020-09-09 | 2020-09-09 | Device and method for detecting jetting state of nozzle |
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| JPH02217147A (en) * | 1989-02-15 | 1990-08-29 | Nippon Steel Corp | Instrument for detecting nozzle clogging |
| EP2459336A2 (en) * | 2009-07-30 | 2012-06-06 | SMS Siemag AG | Device and method for detecting the pressure distribution of a cooling medium applied in a continuous casting plant or rolling mill train |
| CN103223386A (en) * | 2012-01-31 | 2013-07-31 | 三星电机株式会社 | Nozzle status monitoring apparatus |
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