CN112019133A - Intelligent solar charging pile system for open parking lot - Google Patents
Intelligent solar charging pile system for open parking lot Download PDFInfo
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- CN112019133A CN112019133A CN202010870980.6A CN202010870980A CN112019133A CN 112019133 A CN112019133 A CN 112019133A CN 202010870980 A CN202010870980 A CN 202010870980A CN 112019133 A CN112019133 A CN 112019133A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRA-RED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
- H02S10/20—Systems characterised by their energy storage means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D3/00—Control of position or direction
- G05D3/12—Control of position or direction using feedback
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRA-RED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
- H02S20/30—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment
- H02S20/32—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment specially adapted for solar tracking
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
Abstract
An open parking lot intelligent solar charging pile system, comprising: the solar charging pile off-grid-connection energy management system comprises a solar incident angle sensorless estimation module, a spider-type photovoltaic panel on-sun angle adjusting mechanism, a photovoltaic-energy storage-power grid-charging pile integrated control module and a solar charging pile off-grid-connection energy management module, wherein the solar incident angle sensorless estimation module is connected with the spider-type photovoltaic panel on-sun angle adjusting mechanism and transmits on-sun angle information, the spider-type photovoltaic panel on-sun angle adjusting mechanism is connected with the photovoltaic-energy storage-power grid-charging pile integrated control module and transmits electric energy, and the solar charging pile off-grid-connection energy management module is connected with the photovoltaic-energy storage-power grid-charging pile integrated control module and transmits control information. According to the solar energy charging pile, the dynamic adjustment of the exposed angle of the photovoltaic panel along with the incident angle of the sun can be realized through the spider-type photovoltaic panel exposed angle adjusting mechanism, the autonomous distribution and scheduling of the electric energy of the solar charging pile are realized, the dependence of a new energy automobile on the existing fossil fuel power generation is reduced, and the echelon utilization of a retired battery is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technology in the field of new energy, in particular to an intelligent solar charging pile system for an open parking lot.
Background
At present, new energy automobiles are vigorously popularized in our country, and corresponding basic matching is still not perfect. The new energy automobile has long charging time and high power demand rate, and the charging problem of the new energy automobile is increasingly serious due to the construction lag of public charging facilities. This problem is particularly acute in open public parking lots. Due to a series of problems of site limitation, installation cost and old supporting infrastructure, the number of charging piles in the parking lot is quite a few.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of small quantity of charging piles and difficulty in installation of the existing parking lot, the invention provides an intelligent solar charging pile system for an open parking lot.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to an intelligent solar charging pile system for an open parking lot, which comprises: the solar energy charging system comprises a solar incident angle sensorless estimation module, a spider-type photovoltaic panel exposed angle adjusting mechanism, a photovoltaic-energy storage-power grid-charging pile integrated control module and a solar charging pile off-grid energy management module, wherein: the solar incident angle sensorless estimation module is connected with the spider-type photovoltaic panel exposed angle adjusting mechanism and transmits exposed angle information, the spider-type photovoltaic panel exposed angle adjusting mechanism is connected with the photovoltaic-energy storage-power grid-charging pile integrated control module and transmits electric energy, and the solar charging pile is connected with the photovoltaic-energy storage-power grid-charging pile integrated control module from the grid-connected energy management module and transmits control information.
The solar incident angle sensorless estimation module comprises: wireless communication unit, computational element and be used for the record current time real-time clock unit, wherein: the wireless communication unit carries out data transcoding and encryption processing according to charging information and outputs a charging result to the cloud big data server, the calculating unit calculates the solar altitude of the day from year/month/day and latitude information based on current time information and charging pile longitude and latitude information, calculates the current solar azimuth and the sunlight incidence angle according to time/minute and longitude information and outputs the current solar azimuth and the sunlight incidence angle to the spider-type photovoltaic panel sunlight exposure angle adjusting mechanism, and the real-time clock unit carries out clock verification processing according to the time information received by the wireless communication unit and outputs a calibrated time result to the sunlight incidence angle sensorless estimation module.
The wireless communication unit comprises: the system comprises a 4G/5G communication module used for communicating with a cloud big data server, an Internet of things card used for a telecom operator to provide mobile data service, and an RFID card reader used for reading and writing a rechargeable card of a new energy vehicle owner, wherein: the 4G/5G communication module transmits the running state, the user data and the current time information of the charging pile to the cloud big data server to perform cloud data storage and user information updating operation, the Internet of things card is used for a telecom operator to provide mobile data service to perform networking operation of the 4G/5G communication module and the cloud, and the RFID card reader realizes the functions of accounting and fee deduction.
The spider type photovoltaic panel exposed angle adjusting mechanism comprises: angle control unit, servo electronic jar unit, support column, ball bearing, support arm and support base, wherein: the supporting base is fixedly arranged on the back of the photovoltaic-energy storage-power grid-charging pile integrated control module, the supporting arm is hinged to the fixing base through a ball head bearing, the two servo electric cylinder units are arranged on two sides of an inlet of a parking space and connected with the angle control unit for controlling the expansion amount, the supporting column is arranged on the rear portion of the parking space and hinged to the supporting arm through the ball head bearing to achieve a similar spider leg structure, the angle control unit is communicated with a servo motor driver through a data bus and receives real-time solar incident angle information from a solar incident angle sensorless estimation module, and the target positions of the two expansion rods are calculated in real time by establishing a mapping relation and a motion equation between the expansion length of the electric cylinders and the angle of a.
The supporting bases are arranged in a triangular shape.
The servo electric cylinder units are respectively hinged with the supporting arms through ball head bearings.
The servo electric cylinder unit includes: servo motor, speed reducer, servo motor driver, encoder, screw rod, telescopic link, wherein: the encoder sets up in the servo motor pivot and provides pulse signal for the servo motor driver, the servo motor driver is based on the real-time position information of encoder signal acquisition telescopic link, the servo motor driver links to each other with servo motor's motion with control servo motor, the speed reducer links to each other with servo motor, the speed reducer output links to each other with the screw rod, the telescopic link links to each other with the screw rod, the servo motor driver links to each other with angle control unit and receives the target position information of telescopic link.
The telescopic rod is internally provided with threads, and is meshed with the screw rod through the threads, and the telescopic rod is driven to move in a telescopic mode through the rotation of the screw rod.
The photovoltaic-energy storage-power grid-charging pile integrated control module comprises: one-way direct current conversion unit, rectifier inverter, battery, interchange rifle, direct current rifle, ac contactor and photovoltaic board that charges, wherein: the output end of the photovoltaic panel is connected with the unidirectional direct current conversion unit, the output electric energy is boosted and then charged into the storage battery, the alternating current charging guns are respectively connected with the storage battery through the rectifying inverter and are connected with an external power grid through the alternating current contactor, the direct current charging guns are respectively connected with the storage battery through the unidirectional direct current conversion unit and are connected with the external power grid through the rectifying inverter and the alternating current contactor, and the unidirectional direct current conversion unit, the rectifying inverter and the alternating current contactor are respectively connected with the solar charging pile off-grid energy management module and receive control instructions.
The solar charging pile off-grid and grid-connected energy management module comprises: grid-connected control unit and off-grid control unit, wherein: the off-grid control unit carries out current closed-loop control and conductance incremental method control on the unidirectional direct current conversion unit according to voltage and current information of the photovoltaic panel and obtains the maximum output power of the photovoltaic panel to output to the storage battery or the charging pile, the grid-connected control unit carries out SVPWM (space vector pulse width modulation) inversion control or rectification control on the rectification inverter according to frequency, amplitude and phase information of the power grid, the SVPWM inversion control converts direct current of the storage battery or the photovoltaic panel into alternating current to feed back to an external power grid, and the rectification control supplies power to the storage battery or the charging pile after converting the external power grid alternating current into the direct current.
The current closed-loop control of the unidirectional direct current conversion unit refers to: the unidirectional direct current conversion unit has two types of input current closed-loop control and output current closed-loop control; and the current signal feedback of the photovoltaic-energy storage-power grid-charging pile integrated control module is utilized, and the closed-loop control of the input/output current is realized by controlling the duty ratio of an IGBT control signal in the BOOST booster circuit.
The conductance incremental method control means that: when the system is in a relatively steady state, the conductance incremental method slightly changes the input current of the direct current conversion unit by fine adjustment, and the change of the output power of the direct current conversion unit is observed, so that the action point of the maximum power of the current photovoltaic panel can be searched.
The SVPWM inversion control means that: sinusoidal modulation waves are generated by collecting the amplitude, frequency and phase of an external power grid, PWM signals are generated by utilizing carrier waves and the modulation waves, and the closing of an IGBT in an inverter is controlled by the PWM signals, so that the grid-connected current of the inverter and the voltage of the power grid are in the same frequency and phase.
The storage battery comprises: lithium ion battery pack and battery management system. The battery management system is used for collecting voltage and current information of the lithium ion battery pack, calculating the residual electric quantity of the lithium ion battery pack and controlling the balance and thermal management of the lithium ion single batteries. The lithium ion battery pack plays a role in peak clipping and valley filling of electric energy in the solar charging pile system. Because the system has lower requirements on the capacity, the charge-discharge peak power and the heating characteristic of the battery, the retired battery of the new energy automobile can be used as the storage battery and simultaneously comprises the lithium ion battery pack and the battery management system, and the graded utilization of the retired battery is realized while the cost is reduced.
Technical effects
The invention integrally solves the dependence of the existing charging pile on basic supporting facilities, provides charging service for new energy automobiles by using a photovoltaic power generation and energy storage system under the condition without an external power grid, and solves the problems of small quantity of charging piles and difficult installation in an open public parking lot.
Compared with the prior art, the invention adopts a control mode with more than 1 zone, namely a photovoltaic power generation system and a charging pile system with 1 power station for simultaneously managing a plurality of parking spaces. And 1 take 1 mode not only control system's equipment cost is high to the energy between the parking stall battery pack can not complement, causes some full-charge parking stalls to be taken up by other vehicles, and the parking stall of charging fills the electric pile feed, leads to filling the low utilization ratio of electric pile. The photovoltaic power generation of a plurality of parking stalls is assembled to a big storage battery in 1 control mode that takes many, and each fills electric pile homoenergetic and takes at will. The storage battery pack has low requirements on the charge and discharge performance of the battery, can adopt the retired battery of a new energy automobile as an energy storage device, and realizes echelon utilization of the retired battery while reducing the cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an exposed angle adjusting mechanism of a spider-type photovoltaic panel;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the servo electric cylinder unit shown in fig. 1;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a control circuit topology of the photovoltaic power plant-charging pile integrated energy management system shown in fig. 1;
FIG. 5 is a logic diagram of solar charging pile off-grid control;
FIG. 6 is a grid-connected control logic diagram of a solar charging pile;
fig. 7 is a diagram of a solar charging pile SVPWM inversion and conductance increment method combined grid-connected control unit.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment relates to an intelligent solar charging pile system for an open parking lot, which includes: the solar energy charging system comprises a solar incident angle sensorless estimation module, a spider-type photovoltaic panel exposed angle adjusting mechanism, a photovoltaic-energy storage-power grid-charging pile integrated control module and a solar charging pile off-grid energy management module, wherein: the solar charging pile adopts a 1-belt 5 mode, and the power station 5 controls the photovoltaic system, the energy storage system and the charging pile system of five parking places. The power station 5 comprises an industrial personal computer, a lithium ion battery pack and a photovoltaic integrated control system; a photovoltaic panel 1 with the same area as the parking space is arranged above each parking space; the photovoltaic panel 1 is supported by three support arms 2; two servo electric cylinder units 3 are installed at the entrance of the parking place, and are respectively hinged with the supporting arm 2; install support post 6 in the middle of the parking stall afterbody, provide the motion constraint for the photovoltaic board through support arm 2.
As shown in fig. 2, the spider-type photovoltaic panel sunny angle adjusting mechanism is characterized in that a supporting base 7 is installed at the bottom of a photovoltaic panel 1, and a ball bearing 8 is fixed on the side surface of the supporting base 7; a ball bearing 8 is fixed at the top of the telescopic rod at the top of the servo electric cylinder 3, and bearing rings at two ends of the supporting arm 2 are hinged with the ball bearing, so that the joint movement of the spider-type mechanism is realized.
As shown in fig. 3, the bottom of the servo electric cylinder 3 is a servo motor 3-6 with an encoder; the servo controller 3-7 controls the rotation angle of the servo motor 3-6; the output end of the servo motor 3-6 is connected with the planetary reducer 3-5; the planetary reducer 3-5 increases the output torque of the servo motor 3-6 and reduces the rotating speed thereof through a reduction gear set; the output end of the planetary reducer 3-5 is connected with the screw 3-4; the screw 3-4 is engaged with the sleeve 3-3; the surface of the sleeve 3-3 is provided with a key groove which can be embedded into a sliding groove on the inner surface of the outer upright post 3-2; the forward and backward movement of the sleeve 3-3 is realized by the rotation of the screw 3-4; a telescopic rod 3-1 is fixed at the top of the sleeve 3-3; the top of the telescopic rod is provided with a ball bearing 8.
As shown in fig. 4, the photovoltaic-energy storage-grid-charging pile integrated control module includes: one-way direct current conversion unit 9, one-way direct current conversion unit 14, rectifier inverter 20, direct current charging gun 16, alternating current charging gun 19, alternating current contactor 18, external power grid 19, storage battery 15, photovoltaic board 1, wherein: the unidirectional dc conversion unit 9, the unidirectional dc conversion unit 14, the rectifier inverter 20, and the ac contactor 18 are controlled by an industrial controller in the power station 5. Meanwhile, the structure reserves an interface with an external power grid 17, and the electric automobile is charged through the external power grid 17, or the electric energy of the photovoltaic panel 1 is fed back to the power grid 17 after the storage battery pack 15 is fully charged. The unidirectional direct current conversion unit 9 and the unidirectional direct current conversion unit 14 are BOOST type direct current conversion units, and control of input current of the direct current conversion units is realized by controlling switching time and switching frequency of the IGBT 13; the diode 12 is used to prevent current from flowing in the reverse direction; the capacitor 11 plays a role in fixing the output voltage of the photovoltaic panel 1, and the efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation system is improved; the inductor 10 plays the roles of freewheeling and boosting; the rectifier inverter 20 adopts a full-bridge control structure, not only converts direct current into alternating current and then inputs the alternating current into the alternating current charging gun 19 or feeds the alternating current back to the power grid 17, but also rectifies the alternating current of the external power grid 17 into direct current and then charges the storage battery pack 15 or supplies power for the direct current charging gun; the ac contactor 18 controls the connection and disconnection of the external grid 17.
According to the system, the alternating current charging pile, the direct current charging pile, the rectifier, the inverter and the two unidirectional direct current converters are integrated, a topological structure of a control circuit is redesigned, unnecessary design redundancy in the control system is reduced, and complexity of the control circuit is reduced.
The present embodiment relates to a control method of the above system, including: a control mode when the external grid 17 is not connected and a control mode when the external grid 17 is connected, wherein:
as shown in fig. 5, the control mode when the external grid 17 is not connected refers to: when the charging guns 16 and 19 have no charging requirement, the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic panel 1 is boosted by the direct current conversion unit 9 and then charged into the storage battery pack 15; when the charging gun 16 or 19 needs to supply power and the sunlight is sufficient, the photovoltaic panel 1 and the storage battery 15 participate in charging together; the electric energy of the photovoltaic panel flows into the direct current charging gun 16 after being boosted twice by the direct current conversion units 9 and 14, or flows into the alternating current charging gun 19 through the direct current conversion unit 9 and the rectification inverter 20; the electric energy in the battery pack 15 is boosted by the dc conversion unit 14 and flows into the dc charging gun 16, or inverted by the rectifier inverter 20 and flows into the ac charging gun 19.
As shown in fig. 6, the control mode when the external grid 17 is connected is: when the charging guns 16 and 19 do not have the charging requirement, the electric energy emitted by the photovoltaic panel 1 is boosted by the direct current conversion unit 9 and then charged into the storage battery pack 15, when the storage battery pack 15 is full, the redundant electric energy emitted by the photovoltaic panel 1 is boosted by the direct current conversion unit 9 and then enters the rectifier inverter 20 for SVPWM grid-connected inversion, and currents with the same frequency and the same phase as the voltage of the external power grid 17 are generated and fed back to the power grid 17; when the charging gun needs to supply power and the sunlight is sufficient, the photovoltaic panel 1, the storage battery pack 15 and the external power grid 17 participate in charging together; when the electric quantity of the storage battery pack 15 is low, the photovoltaic panel 1 and the storage battery pack 15 do not participate in the power supply of the charging gun any more, the photovoltaic panel 1 starts to charge the storage battery pack 15, and at the moment, the solar charging pile is degenerated into the existing charging pile. The alternating current of the external power grid 17 directly supplies power to the alternating current charging gun 19 after passing through the alternating current contactor 18; the alternating current of the external power grid 17 is rectified by the rectifying inverter 20, and then boosted by the direct current conversion unit 14 to supply power to the direct current charging gun 16.
As shown in fig. 7, the dc conversion unit 9 and the rectifier inverter 20 implement grid-connection control by: because the internal resistance of the photovoltaic panel 1 is large, in order to ensure the highest electric energy utilization rate, the output power of the photovoltaic panel 1 needs to be tracked and controlled, so that the output power reaches the maximum value. The scheme aims to dynamically adjust the output power of the direct current conversion unit 9 by adopting a conductance incremental method. When the system is in a relatively steady state, the conductance incremental method slightly changes the current by finely adjusting the input current of the direct current conversion unit 9, measures the output voltage and the output current of the photovoltaic panel, calculates the change of the output power of the photovoltaic panel, and performs corresponding output power adjustment, so that the current maximum power action point can be gradually approached. Meanwhile, the direct current conversion unit 9 adopts input current closed-loop control, so that the current control of the direct current conversion unit is ensured to have shorter response time and smaller control error. The control of the rectifier inverter 20 adopts SVPWM grid-connected control, the integrated controller collects voltage, frequency and phase signals of an external power grid 17, the signals are used for generating sine reference waves, and then the sine modulation waves are generated through current hysteresis control; after the sine modulation wave and the triangular wave carrier generated by the controller are superposed, 6 groups of different PWM waves are generated, and the PWM waves control 6 IGBTs 13 in the full-bridge topology of the inverter, so that the control purpose of direct current grid-connected inversion is achieved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention integrates the alternating current charging pile, the direct current charging pile, the rectifier, the inverter and the two unidirectional direct current converters through a brand-new control circuit topological structure and redesigns the control circuit topological structure, thereby greatly reducing the structural complexity and the manufacturing cost of the control system, and effectively improving the reliability of the system through the simplified topological structure.
The foregoing embodiments may be modified in many different ways by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims and all changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an open parking area intelligence solar charging stake system which characterized in that includes: the solar energy charging system comprises a solar incident angle sensorless estimation module, a spider-type photovoltaic panel exposed angle adjusting mechanism, a photovoltaic-energy storage-power grid-charging pile integrated control module and a solar charging pile off-grid energy management module, wherein: the solar incident angle sensorless estimation module is connected with the spider-type photovoltaic panel sunny angle adjusting mechanism and transmits sunny angle information, the spider-type photovoltaic panel sunny angle adjusting mechanism is connected with the photovoltaic-energy storage-power grid-charging pile integrated control module and transmits electric energy, and the solar charging pile off-grid energy management module is connected with the photovoltaic-energy storage-power grid-charging pile integrated control module and transmits control information;
the spider type photovoltaic panel exposed angle adjusting mechanism comprises: angle control unit, servo electronic jar unit, support column, ball bearing, support arm and support base, wherein: the supporting base is fixedly arranged on the back of the photovoltaic-energy storage-power grid-charging pile integrated control module, the supporting arm is hinged to the fixing base through a ball head bearing, the two servo electric cylinder units are arranged on two sides of an inlet of a parking space and connected with the angle control unit for controlling the expansion amount, the supporting column is arranged on the rear portion of the parking space and hinged to the supporting arm through the ball head bearing to achieve a similar spider leg structure, the angle control unit is communicated with a servo motor driver through a data bus and receives real-time solar incident angle information from a solar incident angle sensorless estimation module, and the target positions of the two expansion rods are calculated in real time by establishing a mapping relation and a motion equation between the expansion length of the electric cylinders and the angle of a.
2. The intelligent solar charging pile system for open parking lots of claim 1, wherein the solar incident angle sensorless estimation module comprises: wireless communication unit, computational element and be used for the record current time real-time clock unit, wherein: the wireless communication unit carries out data transcoding and encryption processing according to charging information and outputs a charging result to the cloud big data server, the calculating unit calculates the solar altitude of the day from year/month/day and latitude information based on current time information and charging pile longitude and latitude information, calculates the current solar azimuth and the sunlight incidence angle according to time/minute and longitude information and outputs the current solar azimuth and the sunlight incidence angle to the spider-type photovoltaic panel sunlight exposure angle adjusting mechanism, and the real-time clock unit carries out clock verification processing according to the time information received by the wireless communication unit and outputs a calibrated time result to the sunlight incidence angle sensorless estimation module.
3. The intelligent solar charging pile system for open parking lot according to claim 1, wherein the servo electric cylinder unit comprises: servo motor, speed reducer, servo motor driver, encoder, screw rod, telescopic link, wherein: the encoder sets up in the servo motor pivot and provides pulse signal for the servo motor driver, the servo motor driver is based on the real-time position information of encoder signal acquisition telescopic link, the servo motor driver links to each other with servo motor's motion with control servo motor, the speed reducer links to each other with servo motor, the speed reducer output links to each other with the screw rod, the telescopic link links to each other with the screw rod, the servo motor driver links to each other with angle control unit and receives the target position information of telescopic link.
4. The intelligent solar charging pile system for open parking lots as claimed in claim 1, wherein the photovoltaic-energy storage-grid-charging pile integrated control module comprises: one-way direct current conversion unit, rectifier inverter, battery, interchange rifle, direct current rifle, ac contactor and photovoltaic board that charges, wherein: the output end of the photovoltaic panel is connected with the unidirectional direct current conversion unit, the output electric energy is boosted and then charged into the storage battery, the alternating current charging guns are respectively connected with the storage battery through the rectifying inverter and are connected with an external power grid through the alternating current contactor, the direct current charging guns are respectively connected with the storage battery through the unidirectional direct current conversion unit and are connected with the external power grid through the rectifying inverter and the alternating current contactor, and the unidirectional direct current conversion unit, the rectifying inverter and the alternating current contactor are respectively connected with the solar charging pile off-grid energy management module and receive control instructions.
5. The intelligent solar energy charging pile system for open parking lot of claim 1, wherein the solar energy charging pile off-grid energy management module comprises: grid-connected control unit and off-grid control unit, wherein: the off-grid control unit carries out current closed-loop control and conductance incremental method control on the unidirectional direct current conversion unit according to voltage and current information of the photovoltaic panel and obtains the maximum output power of the photovoltaic panel to output to the storage battery or the charging pile, the grid-connected control unit carries out SVPWM (space vector pulse width modulation) inversion control or rectification control on the rectification inverter according to frequency, amplitude and phase information of the power grid, the SVPWM inversion control converts direct current of the storage battery or the photovoltaic panel into alternating current to feed back to an external power grid, and the rectification control supplies power to the storage battery or the charging pile after converting the external power grid alternating current into the direct current.
6. The intelligent solar charging pile system for open parking lots as claimed in claim 1, wherein the current closed-loop control of the unidirectional dc conversion unit is: the unidirectional direct current conversion unit has two types of input current closed-loop control and output current closed-loop control; and the current signal feedback of the photovoltaic-energy storage-power grid-charging pile integrated control module is utilized, and the closed-loop control of the input/output current is realized by controlling the duty ratio of an IGBT control signal in the BOOST booster circuit.
7. The intelligent solar charging pile system for open parking lots as claimed in claim 1, wherein the conductance incremental method control means: when the system is in a relatively steady state, the conductance incremental method slightly changes the input current of the direct current conversion unit by fine adjustment, and the change of the output power of the direct current conversion unit is observed, so that the action point of the maximum power of the current photovoltaic panel can be searched.
8. The intelligent solar charging pile system for open parking lots as claimed in claim 1, wherein the SVPWM inversion control means: sinusoidal modulation waves are generated by collecting the amplitude, frequency and phase of an external power grid, PWM signals are generated by utilizing carrier waves and the modulation waves, and the closing of an IGBT in an inverter is controlled by the PWM signals, so that the grid-connected current of the inverter and the voltage of the power grid are in the same frequency and phase.
9. The intelligent solar charging pile system for open parking lots as claimed in claim 1, wherein the storage battery comprises: the system has low requirements on the capacity, the charging and discharging peak power and the heating characteristic of the battery, and can adopt the retired battery of a new energy automobile as a storage battery, and the system simultaneously comprises the lithium ion battery pack and the battery management system, so that the gradient utilization of the retired battery is realized while the cost is reduced.
10. A control method based on the system of any preceding claim, comprising: a control mode when not connected to the external grid and a control mode when connected to the external grid, wherein:
the control mode when the external power grid is not connected refers to the following steps: when the charging gun does not have the charging requirement, the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic panel is boosted by the direct current conversion unit and then charged into the storage battery; when the charging gun needs to supply power and the sunlight is sufficient, the photovoltaic panel and the storage battery participate in charging together; the electric energy of the photovoltaic panel flows into the direct current charging gun after being boosted for two times through the direct current conversion unit or flows into the alternating current charging gun through the direct current conversion unit and the rectification inverter; the electric energy in the storage battery pack is boosted by the direct current conversion unit and then flows into the direct current charging gun, or is inverted by the rectifier inverter and then flows into the alternating current charging gun;
the control mode when connecting the external power grid means: when the charging gun is charged and the charging requirement is not met, electric energy emitted by the photovoltaic panel is boosted by the direct current conversion unit and then charged into the storage battery pack, when the storage battery pack is full, redundant electric energy emitted by the photovoltaic panel is boosted by the direct current conversion unit and then enters the rectifier inverter for SVPWM grid-connected inversion, and currents with the same frequency and the same phase as the external power grid voltage are generated and fed back to the power grid; when the charging gun needs to supply power and the sunlight is sufficient, the photovoltaic panel, the storage battery pack and an external power grid participate in charging together; when the electric quantity of the storage battery pack is low, the photovoltaic panel and the storage battery pack do not participate in power supply of the charging gun any more, the photovoltaic panel starts to charge the storage battery pack, the solar charging pile degenerates to be an existing charging pile at the moment, and alternating current of an external power grid directly supplies power to the alternating current charging gun after passing through the alternating current contactor; the alternating current of the external power grid is rectified by the rectifying inverter and then boosted by the direct current conversion unit to supply power for the direct current charging gun.
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