CN103532214A - Photovoltaic power generation system structure integrating energy storage and grid-connected and off-grid power supply functions and control method - Google Patents
Photovoltaic power generation system structure integrating energy storage and grid-connected and off-grid power supply functions and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103532214A CN103532214A CN201310423303.XA CN201310423303A CN103532214A CN 103532214 A CN103532214 A CN 103532214A CN 201310423303 A CN201310423303 A CN 201310423303A CN 103532214 A CN103532214 A CN 103532214A
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
Abstract
The invention discloses a photovoltaic power generation system structure integrating energy storage and grid-connected and off-grid power supply functions and a control method, which can realize storage and conversion of renewable energy sources such as solar energy to electric energy and meanwhile have gird-connected and off-grid power supply functions. The structure comprises a photovoltaic component, a direct current-direct current booster circuit, a three-phase inverter circuit, an isolating transformer, a PCC (Programmable Computer Controller) grid-connected switch, a local load and the like. According to the control method, seamless switching between grid-connected/off-grid working modes of the system can be realized, and stepless regulation of output power of photovoltaic batteries and optimal management of accumulators can also be realized. Compared with the conventional photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, the photovoltaic power generation system has the prominent advantages of simple structure, rich function, high power supply reliability and the like, contributes to improving the utilization efficiency of renewable energy resources for power generation and has excellent application and generalization prospect.
Description
Technical field
The system configuration and the control method that the present invention relates to a kind of photovoltaic power generation technology field, can realize the conversion of solar energy to electrical and storage, and possess grid-connected and from two kinds of supply power modes of net simultaneously.
Technical background
Along with petering out of conventional energy resource, the becoming increasingly conspicuous and the propelling of global power market reform of problem of environmental pollution, the distributed generation technology based on regenerative resources such as solar energy, wind energies has been subject to increasing concern and attention.According to statistics, the about 27.79GW of global photovoltaic adding new capacity in 2011, the 17.5GW of 2010 on year-on-year basis, amount of increase is up to 62%.But the installed capacity of China's photovoltaic generating system in 2011 only accounts for 7% left and right in the whole world, compares with the world-class status of domestic photovoltaic cell component output, seem and not too coordinate.This is certainly relevant with the restriction to domestic new energy grid-connected power policy on the one hand, also relatively falls behind relevant with domestic core technology on the other hand.Global photovoltaic DC-to-AC converters in 2012 (core apparatus of the photovoltaic generating system) rank providing according to IMS Research shows, in the enterprise of rank front ten, there is no one from China.Therefore, research and development has advanced photovoltaic generating system structure and the corresponding control methods of independent intellectual property right, grasps core technology, has very important significance and is worth.
At present, it is grid-connected and from two types, net that the structure of photovoltaic generating system mainly contains, and wherein generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems is topmost mode.Because solar energy and wind energy have randomness and intermittent feature, the generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems on a large scale of this type of regenerative resource, will increase the difficulty that existing grid power scheduling, trend are controlled, and threaten the safe and stable operation of existing electrical network.In addition, country is to the regenerative resource special regulation of having generated electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems, and when electric power system is broken down, grid-connected system, by autostop, is unfavorable for the trouble shooting of electrical network and automatically recovers.From net type system, be usually used in the remote districts that the electrical networks such as island cannot cover, solve the electrical problem of resident or visual plant.In net type photovoltaic generating system, conventionally need to be equipped with the energy storage devices such as storage battery, the uninterrupted power supply when guaranteeing that illumination is not enough.But, at this type of, in net type system, owing to lacking real controlled power supply continuously in system, be difficult to realize the optimum management to storage battery.
In fact, more and more higher to the requirement of power supply reliability with people, wish that photovoltaic, wind-powered electricity generation distributed electricity generation system not only can be incorporated into the power networks, also can be from network operation, and grid-connected and can realize fast and smooth handoff between two kinds of operational modes of net.And the introducing of energy storage device, can improve the power fluctuation problem that regenerative resource is generated electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems, and solves the negative effect that existing regenerative resource is generated electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems electric power system is caused.
Just for these reasons, the present invention proposes a kind of photovoltaic generating system structure and control method of practicality, possess energy storage and also/from Grid Movement Function, again can be by rationally effectively controlling, the optimal control that solves storage battery, has important Research Significance and engineering using value.
Summary of the invention:
The present invention be intended to for distributed photovoltaic power generation system provide a kind of simple in structure, supply power mode flexibly, the system scheme of high reliability.Described photovoltaic generating system structure as shown in Figure 1, by photovoltaic module (1,2), go straight up to volt circuit (3,4), energy-storage battery (5), three-phase inverting circuit (6), isolating transformer (7), the grid-connected switch of PCC (8) and local load (9) forms.It is characterized in that:
1, photovoltaic module 1 (1) ... the output of N (2) is respectively through going straight up to volt circuit I (3) ... after N (4) conversion, import DC bus, then through three-phase inverting circuit (6), convert, output three-phase alternating voltage access three-phase main-frequency isolating transformer (7), the first side winding of transformer adopts triangle to connect, secondary side adopts Y-connection, and neutral point is drawn and is formed three-phase four-wire power supply mode, for this locality load power supply or by the grid-connected switch access of PCC electrical network;
2, in accompanying drawing 1, in dotted line frame, form an independently device, total 3+N is individual to external power connectivity port, its middle port a
1a
nthe input port that is respectively N group photovoltaic module, port b is energy-storage battery connectivity port, and port c is local load connectivity port, and port d is grid-connected port;
3, go straight up to volt circuit I (3) ... N (4), according to the needs of system capacity balance, both can work in maximal power tracing (MPPT) pattern, also can work in limit power mode, realized the step-less adjustment of power;
4, inverter circuit (6) can work in P/Q or two kinds of patterns of v/f as required, and can realize freely and taking over seamlessly between two kinds of patterns.Under grid-connected pattern, the grid-connected switch of PCC is closed, and inverter works in P/Q pattern, can, by it to this locality load power supply, also can to storage battery, carry out management of charging and discharging by it.Under net pattern, the grid-connected switch of PCC disconnects, and inverter works in v/f pattern, is responsible for the control of AC three-phase voltage, is this locality load power supply;
5, isolating transformer is except realizing electrical isolation, forming neutral point, is three-phase asymmetric load power supply, can also be by regulating the turn ratio of first and second side winding to regulate DC bus-bar voltage, change the quantity of batteries series connection, improve the flexibility ratio of system configuration;
6, the grid-connected switch of PCC (8) can adopt contactor, also can adopt solid-state high-speed switch, both all can realize, and Long-distance Control completes side by side and off-the-line action, and wherein solid-state high-speed switch adopts controllable silicon or IGBT to realize, and has higher switching speed and special current limiting capacity.
7, accompanying drawing 2 has provided a kind of physical circuit implementation of this system, C in figure
1, L
1, S
1, D
1formed Group I and gone straight up to volt circuit, C
n, L
n, S
n, D
nformed N group and gone straight up to volt circuit, the output that N group is gone straight up to current voltage and bus capacitor, storage battery are in parallel, jointly form DC bus, S
a1, S
a2, S
a3, S
b1, S
b2, S
b3and L
f, C
fformed three-phase inverting circuit, T
rfor three-phase isolation transformer;
In order to power to three-phase asymmetric load, except adopting the three-phase three brachium pontis inverter circuits shown in accompanying drawing 2 to add the structure of isolating transformer, can also adopt the topological structure of three-phase four-arm, as shown in Figure 3, S in figure
a4, S
b4jointly formed the 4th brachium pontis, the mid point of this brachium pontis is the neutral point of three-phase output.Adopt after three-phase four-arm circuit, can save heavy power frequency isolating transformer, not only reduced cost, also can effectively improve the power density of system.But also there is leakage current, control the technical barriers such as complicated.
In addition,, in the photovoltaic generating system that the present invention proposes, its energy source is not limited to photovoltaic cell, can be also wind turbine generator, fuel cell etc., or the combination in any between them.It is different that difference between different generator units is to go straight up to the power control strategy of volt circuit.
Whether the photovoltaic generating system control strategy algorithm flow chart that the present invention proposes as shown in Figure 4, normal according to external electrical network, has grid-connected and from two kinds of mode of operations of net.It is characterized in that:
What 1, control system was real-time carries out fault detect to electrical network, when electrical network is normal, works in grid-connected pattern, and PCC switch is closed; Otherwise, when electrical network breaks down, the quick disjunction of PCC switch, system works is in from net pattern;
2, under grid-connected pattern, all volt circuits of going straight up to are with MPPT mode operation, inverter circuit works in P/Q pattern (corresponding control block diagram as shown in Figure 5), and the given management of charging and discharging by storage battery of its watt level requires to provide: in the constant current charge stage, by charging current (i
c) closed-loop control regulates the grid-connected power of inverter circuit; In the constant voltage charge stage, by DC bus-bar voltage (U
dC) closed-loop control decides the grid-connected power of inverter circuit;
3, under net pattern, inverter circuit works in v/f pattern (its control block diagram as shown in Figure 6), and for this locality load provides burning voltage, power output size is determined by this locality load.The mode of operation of going straight up to volt circuit depends on the operating state of system, can move by MPPT, also can limit Power operation.When terminal voltage or the charging current of storage battery do not reach higher limit, go straight up to volt circuit and move with MPPT; Otherwise work as accumulator voltage or charging current, reach a certain upper limit, go straight up to volt circuit and automatically exit MPPT pattern, enter limit power mode.In addition,, when accumulator electric-quantity is during lower than certain value (as 5%), system will be shut down after moving certain hour.
Beneficial effect:
Compare with existing conventional grid-connected photovoltaic system, photovoltaic generating system proposed by the invention increases few in the situation that maintaining hardware quantity, by the improvement and bring new ideas of control strategy, realized some functions and feature that conventional photovoltaic generating system does not possess:
1, have independent and grid-connected two kinds of mode of operations, system still can be utilized generation of electricity by new energy when electric network fault, gives local load power supply, can effectively improve power supply reliability, improves the utilance of new forms of energy;
2, system can realize the seamless switching of independent and grid-connected two kinds of mode of operations, guarantees the uninterrupted power supply of local important load;
3, introduce energy storage link, under the pattern of being incorporated into the power networks, can also realize the power fluctuation of stabilizing photovoltaic if desired, reduced the negative effect of distributed power generation to electrical network;
4, go straight up to volt circuit and have MPPT and two kinds of mode of operations of limit power, even under net pattern, storage battery all can obtain good management of charging and discharging, contributes to increasing storage battery service life.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 is the photovoltaic generating system general structure block diagram that the present invention proposes;
Accompanying drawing 2 is the specific implementation circuit that adopt isolating transformer and three brachium pontis inverter circuits;
Accompanying drawing 3 is the specific implementation circuit that adopt four brachium pontis inverter circuits;
Accompanying drawing 4 is integrated control strategy flow charts of photovoltaic generating system;
Accompanying drawing 5 is that under grid-connected pattern, the concrete control of system realizes block diagram;
Accompanying drawing 6 is that the concrete control from system under net pattern realizes block diagram.
System architecture diagram when accompanying drawing 7 is the input of monochromatic light volt;
Crucial simulation waveform when accompanying drawing 8 is inputted for monochromatic light volt.
Symbol definition in accompanying drawing 1-accompanying drawing 6 is as shown in table 1
The explanation of table 1 reference numeral
| Title | Explanation | Title | Explanation |
| PV | Photovoltaic module | U DC | DC bus feedback voltage |
| C 1，C N | Go straight up to volt circuit input capacitance | U DCref | DC bus-bar voltage is with reference to given |
| L 1，L N | Go straight up to volt circuit input inductance | i C | Accumulator cell charging and discharging electric current |
| S 1，S N | Go straight up to volt circuit power switch pipe | i Cref | Accumulator cell charging and discharging given value of current |
| D 1，D N | Go straight up to volt circuit fly-wheel diode | i d，i q | Cross, straight axle feedback current |
| C B | Dc-link capacitance | i dref,i qref | Cross, straight shaft current is given |
| Bat | Batteries | u d，u q | Cross, straight axle feedback voltage |
| S a1…S a4 | On inverter circuit brachium pontis, manage | U dref，u qref | Cross, straight shaft voltage is given |
| S b1…S b4 | Under inverter circuit brachium pontis, manage | PI | Closed-loop regulator |
| L f | Inverter circuit output inductor | S w1，S wN | Control loop selector switch |
| C f | Inverter circuit output filter capacitor | P&O | Disturbance observation MPPT |
| T r | Isolating transformer | Driver | Drive circuit |
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, implementer's case of the present invention is further explained, but following content is not intended to limit the scope of the invention:
The photovoltaic generating system structure chart that accompanying drawing 1 proposes for the present invention, is gone straight up to the parts such as volt circuit, storage battery, three-phase three brachium pontis inverter circuits, isolating transformer and the grid-connected switch of PCC and is formed by photovoltaic module, N group.Their concrete annexation is: N group is gone straight up to the input (a of volt circuit
1～a
n) connecing photovoltaic module separately, its output links together, and in parallel with storage battery, forms DC bus.This bus connects the input of inverter circuit, the three-phase output of inverter circuit is connected with the primary side of power frequency isolating transformer, and first side winding adopts triangle connected mode, the secondary side of transformer adopts Y-connection mode, and neutral point is drawn, for this locality load provides single-phase, three phase supply ability.Meanwhile, the secondary side of transformer is connected with electrical network through PCC switch.When electrical network is normal, PCC switch is closed, and system is incorporated into the power networks, both can be to electrical network transmission power, and also can be from electrical network absorbed power; When electric network fault, PCC switch disconnects, and system automatically switches to from net mode operation, by photovoltaic and storage battery, jointly for this locality, is loaded electric energy is provided.
Part shown in Fig. 1 dotted line frame forms a self-contained unit, total N+3 input/output port: a
1～a
nfor the input port of photovoltaic module, the energy of this port is one-way flow, by photovoltaic module, flows into system; B is the connectivity port of energy storage battery, and this port energy allows two-way flow, both can charge a battery, and also can discharge; C is local load connectivity port, energy by system flow to load; D is grid-connected port, and this port energy also can two-way flow, and system can, to electrical network conveying capacity, also can absorb energy from electrical network.
When three-phase inverting circuit adopts four bridge arm topological structures, the output of the 4th brachium pontis is neutral point, inverter itself possesses for single-phase or three-phase imbalance power supply capacity, therefore can save power frequency isolating transformer, be suitable for the occasion without insulation request, accompanying drawing 3 has provided the specific implementation circuit while adopting three-phase four-arm inversion topological.
The system synthesis control method that accompanying drawing 4 proposes for the present invention, when electrical network is normal, PCC switch is closed, and system is incorporated into the power networks, and now goes straight up to volt circuit with MPPT mode operation, and photovoltaic module is with maximum power output.Under grid-connected pattern, main inverter works in P/Q pattern, and active power is required to determine by discharging and recharging of storage battery.When battery capacity is not enough, with constant current, charge a battery, with charging current, form current closed-loop, electric current loop adjuster is exported as the given i of inverter active power
dref, as shown in Figure 5.Reactive power is controlled directly given by system synthesis, be conventionally set as zero.When charge in batteries arrives certain voltage, by constant current mode, switch to constant voltage mode, selector switch S switches to switching point 1 by switching point 2, and now the active power of inverter is given by the output of busbar voltage closed-loop regulator.
When electric network fault, PCC switch disconnects, and system is switched to from network operation pattern.Owing to having lost the support of electrical network, now AC voltage is controlled by main inverter, and inverter works in v/f pattern (its control block diagram as shown in Figure 6), and its power output size cannot directly be controlled, and by this locality load, is determined.The mode of operation of going straight up to volt circuit depends on the operating state of system and storage battery.Under grid-connected pattern, all with MPPT mode of operation, move.Under net pattern, according to the difference of condition of work, its mode of operation is different.When terminal voltage or the charging current of storage battery do not reach higher limit, go straight up to volt circuit and move with MPPT; Otherwise work as accumulator voltage or charging current, reach a certain upper limit, go straight up to volt circuit and automatically exit MPPT pattern, enter limit power mode.But when battery current is too low, system is shut down after delay certain hour.
Specific embodiment
For preliminary explanation correctness of the present invention and feasibility, take one group go straight up to volt circuit and system carried out to simulating, verifying as example (as shown in Figure 7), for simulation result as shown in Figure 8.
Before 0.2 second, system works is in from net pattern, and photovoltaic and storage battery are local load (5kW is pure resistive) power supply jointly.Now inverter works in v/f pattern, for ac bus provides stable reference voltage.At 0.2 second, inverter completed phase place presynchronization, and the grid-connected switch of PCC is closed, and system is by changing into and be incorporated into the power networks from network operation.Near switching point, the operating state of storage battery remains unchanged.When handoff procedure completes, and after steady operation after a while (being made as 0.1 second in the present embodiment), just start to transfer to constant current charge.During constant current charge, even if variation has occurred the power output of photovoltaic, the charging current of storage battery still can remain unchanged, and only grid-connected power (showing as grid-connected current) can change.At 0.8 second, system was converted to from net pattern by grid-connected pattern again, and storage battery exits constant current charge, and it discharges and recharges power by photovoltaic and the poor decision of load instantaneous power.From simulation result, can find out, the photovoltaic generating system that the present invention proposes can well work in also/and from net pattern, in dynamic process, the not significantly fluctuation of ac bus voltage, has realized the seamless switching between two kinds of mode of operations.
Claims (5)
- One kind collect energy storage and and from photovoltaic generating system structure and the control method of net function of supplying power, by photovoltaic module (1,2), go straight up to volt circuit (3,4), energy-storage battery (5), three-phase inverting circuit (6), isolating transformer (7), the grid-connected switch of PCC (8) and local load (9) forms, it is characterized in that:Photovoltaic module 1 ... the output of N is respectively through going straight up to volt circuit I ... after N conversion, in parallel with storage battery, common formation DC bus, then through three-phase inverting circuit, output three-phase alternating voltage access three-phase main-frequency isolating transformer, the first side winding of transformer adopts triangle to connect, and secondary side adopts Y-connection and neutral point to draw, thereby form three-phase four-wire power supply mode, for this locality load power supply or by the grid-connected switch access in PCC place electrical network;As one, independently install total 3+N external input/output end port, the i.e. input port (a of N group photovoltaic module 1a n), batteries connectivity port (b), local load connectivity port (c) and grid-connected port (d).
- 2. according to the isolating transformer of claim 1, it is characterized in that, first side winding adopts triangle to connect, and secondary side adopts Y-connection, the turn ratio of first and second side can according to DC bus-bar voltage need to carry out appropriate design, facilitate distributing rationally of storage battery.
- 3. according to the grid-connected switch of the PCC of claim 1, it is characterized in that, can adopt contactor, also can adopt solid-state high-speed switch, wherein solid-state high-speed switch adopts the semiconductor switch devices such as controllable silicon or IGBT to realize.
- According to claim 1 go straight up to volt circuit input power, be not limited to photovoltaic module, can be also the regenerative resources such as wind-driven generator, fuel cell, or the combination in any between them.
- 5. a kind of system control strategy proposing for claim 1, is characterized in that:What control system was real-time carries out fault detect to electrical network, when electrical network is normal, works in grid-connected pattern, and PCC switch is closed; Otherwise, when electrical network breaks down, the quick disjunction of PCC switch, system works is in from net pattern;Under grid-connected pattern, all volt circuits of going straight up to work in MPPT pattern, and inverter circuit works in P/Q pattern, and the given management of charging and discharging by storage battery of its watt level requires to provide, in the constant current charge stage, by charging current closed-loop control, regulate the grid-connected power of inverter circuit; In the constant voltage charge stage, by DC bus-bar voltage closed-loop control, decide the grid-connected watt level of inverter circuit;Under net pattern, inverter circuit works in v/f pattern, for this locality load provides burning voltage, power output size is determined by this locality load, the mode of operation of going straight up to volt circuit depends on the operating state of system, can be MPPT, can be also limit power; When terminal voltage or the charging current of storage battery do not reach higher limit, go straight up to volt circuit and move with MPPT; Otherwise work as accumulator voltage or charging current, reach a certain upper limit, go straight up to volt circuit and automatically exit MPPT pattern, enter limit power mode.
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