CN112019017A - Drive control method, device, household appliance and computer readable storage medium - Google Patents
Drive control method, device, household appliance and computer readable storage medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN112019017A CN112019017A CN201910472230.0A CN201910472230A CN112019017A CN 112019017 A CN112019017 A CN 112019017A CN 201910472230 A CN201910472230 A CN 201910472230A CN 112019017 A CN112019017 A CN 112019017A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
- H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
- H02M1/4225—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input using a non-isolated boost converter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P23/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by a control method other than vector control
- H02P23/26—Power factor control [PFC]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
Abstract
The invention provides a drive control method, a device, household electrical appliance equipment and a computer readable storage medium, wherein the drive control method comprises the following steps: detecting input power and output power corresponding to the power supply signal, wherein the output power is recorded as load power; determining the change rate of a bus signal in the power supply signal according to the input power and the load power; controlling the switching device to operate in a first mode or a second mode according to the change rate of the bus bar signal, wherein the first mode is configured to control a mode in which the switching device is turned off, and the second mode is configured to control a mode in which the switching device operates according to a specified pulse driving signal, so that a given current in the second mode follows an alternating current voltage input to the load. By the technical scheme, the working efficiency of driving the load to operate is improved, and the power consumption of a circuit and the hardware loss are reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of drive control, and in particular, to a drive control method, a drive control apparatus, a home appliance, and a computer-readable storage medium.
Background
PFC (Power Factor Correction) technology is widely used in drive control circuits, and mainly has an effect of improving the Power consumption efficiency of electric devices (loads).
In the related art, a PWM (Pulse-Width Modulation) is usually adopted to drive a switching tube to be turned on or off, a common PFC module includes a Boost-type PFC module and a bridgeless totem-pole PFC module, and the two PFC modules have at least the following technical defects when driving a load:
(1) the circuit structure of the Boost type PFC module is simple, namely, the charging and discharging processes of the inductor are controlled through the switching tube, but the efficiency of the Boost type PFC module is low, and the switching loss is large.
(2) The efficiency of the bridgeless totem-pole PFC module is higher than that of the Boost PFC module, but the bridgeless totem-pole PFC module usually works in a high-frequency or power-frequency mode, so that the hardware loss and the power consumption of the driving control circuit are high, and the energy efficiency of the load is not further improved.
Moreover, any discussion of the prior art throughout the specification is not an admission that the prior art is necessarily known to a person of ordinary skill in the art, and any discussion of the prior art throughout the specification is not an admission that the prior art is necessarily widely known or forms part of common general knowledge in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art or the related art.
To this end, an object of the present invention is to propose a drive control method.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a drive control apparatus.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a home appliance.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a computer-readable storage medium.
In an aspect of the first aspect of the present invention, a drive control method is provided, including: detecting input power and output power corresponding to the power supply signal, wherein the output power is recorded as load power; determining the change rate of a bus signal in the power supply signal according to the input power and the load power; controlling the switching device to operate in a first mode or a second mode according to the change rate of the bus bar signal, wherein the first mode is configured to control a mode in which the switching device is turned off, and the second mode is configured to control a mode in which the switching device operates according to a specified pulse driving signal, so that a given current in the second mode follows an alternating current voltage input to the load.
In the technical scheme, the switching device is controlled to operate in a first mode or a second mode through the change rate of a bus signal, wherein the first mode is configured to control the switching device to be turned off, in the first mode, the driving signal is stopped being sent to the switching device so as to reduce the power consumption and the hardware loss of the switching device, and as the operation duration of the load is increased, the second mode needs to be operated to boost the load and correct the power factor of the load, and correspondingly, the second mode is configured to be operated according to a specified pulse driving signal so as to enable a given current in the second mode to follow the power supply signal.
Specifically, the rate of change of the bus signal mainly depends on the input power and the output power of the load, wherein the input power mainly depends on the voltage of the power supply signal, the load current and the given current, and the output power mainly depends on the magnitude of the load amount (corresponding to the operating power consumption), for example, in the case of the same input power, if the load amount is lower, the output power is smaller, in the first mode, the rate of change of the power supply signal drop is smaller, in the second mode, the rate of change of the power supply signal rise is larger, correspondingly, if the load amount is higher, the output power is larger, in the first mode, the rate of change of the power supply signal drop is larger, and in the second mode, the rate of change of the power supply signal rise is smaller.
The pulse driving signal includes, but is not limited to, a pulse width, a duty ratio, a switching frequency, and the like.
Further, as can be understood by those skilled in the art, normal operation of the load can be ensured in both the first mode and the second mode, that is, one switching point between the first mode and the second mode corresponds to a maximum threshold of the bus signal, the other switching point between the first mode and the second mode corresponds to a minimum threshold of the bus signal, and both the duration of the first mode and the duration of the second mode depend on a change rate of the bus signal, so that on the premise of ensuring normal operation of the load, the duration of the first mode is increased as much as possible, thereby effectively reducing the operating time, the turn-on times, the hardware loss and the failure rate of the switching device.
Wherein the amount of load depends on at least one of the current, power, operating pressure and frequency of the load.
Finally, if the load is a motor, the power supply signal in the driving control circuit of the motor may be a bus signal or an ac signal, the ac signal is a signal on the input side of the rectifier module, and the bus signal is a signal on the output side of the rectifier module.
In addition, the driving control method according to the above embodiment of the present invention may further have the following additional technical features:
in the foregoing technical solution, optionally, the power supply signal includes a bus signal, a capacitive element is connected between the switching device and the load, the bus signal is configured to charge the capacitive element, a charging voltage of the capacitive element is configured to drive the load to operate, and the determining a change rate of the power supply signal according to the input power and the load power specifically includes: detecting the current of the load, and calculating and determining the load power according to the current of the load; calculating a difference between the input power and the load power, the difference configured as a charging power of the capacitive element; and determining the change rate of the bus signal according to the charging power.
In the technical scheme, the capacitive element is connected between the switch device and the load to reduce the impact of power supply signal conversion on the load, namely the power supply signal can charge the capacitive element, the charging voltage of the capacitive element supplies power to the load, therefore, the load power is determined by detecting the load current, further, the charging power of the capacitive element is determined according to the load power and the input power, the charging power corresponds to the voltage change rate, and the threshold monitoring is performed on the power supply signal according to the voltage change rate.
In the foregoing technical solution, optionally, controlling the switching device to operate in a first mode or a second mode according to the rate of change of the bus signal specifically includes: and determining a working period corresponding to the first mode and a working period corresponding to the second mode according to the change rate of the bus signal, wherein the switching time between the first mode and the second mode is a designated time corresponding to an alternating current signal in the power supply signal.
In the technical scheme, optionally, the switching time between the first mode and the second mode is the zero-crossing time of the power supply signal, so that the impact current can be reduced when the switching mode works, and in addition, the harmonic signal can be reduced, so that the reliability of the drive control circuit is further improved, and the service life of the drive control circuit is further prolonged.
In any of the above technical solutions, optionally, the alternating current signal in the power supply signal is a continuous signal, and the alternating current signal includes a positive half cycle signal and a negative half cycle signal that are alternately distributed, the working period corresponding to the first mode includes an integer number of half cycle durations, and/or the working period corresponding to the second mode includes an integer number of the half cycle durations, where the half cycle durations include duration of the positive half cycle signal and duration of the negative half cycle signal.
In the technical scheme, a given current needs to be applied while a pulse driving signal is output to the switching device in the second mode, and in order to reduce the impact of the given current on circuit hardware, the start time and the end time of the second mode are both set to be zero-crossing time, that is, the working period of the second mode includes an integer number of half cycles.
In any of the above technical solutions, optionally, the method further includes: if the switching device works in the first mode, detecting a bus signal in the power supply signal in real time; judging whether the bus signal detected in real time is less than or equal to a first bus signal threshold value; and if the bus signal detected in real time is judged to be less than or equal to the first bus signal threshold value, controlling the switching device to switch to the second mode for working.
In the technical scheme, when the switch device works in a first mode, namely the switch device is in a cut-off state, the capacitive element supplies power to the load, so that the voltage of the capacitive element is in a descending trend, when a power supply signal detected in real time is smaller than or equal to a first power supply signal threshold value, the capacitive element does not supply power to the load enough, a pulse driving signal needs to be output to the switch device, the switch device needs to be switched to a second mode to work at the moment, the power supply signal is controlled to supply power to the load, and therefore the working mode of the switch device is switched in time by detecting the power supply signal in real time and comparing the power supply signal with the first power supply signal threshold value, and the reliability of the driving control circuit for supplying power to the load.
The first power supply signal threshold is greater than or equal to the minimum threshold of the bus signal.
In any of the above technical solutions, optionally, the method further includes: detecting the power supply signal in real time if the switching device operates in the second mode; judging whether the power supply signal is greater than or equal to a second power supply signal threshold value; and if the power supply signal is judged to be greater than or equal to the second power supply signal threshold value, controlling the switching device to switch to the first mode for operation.
In the technical scheme, the switch device works in the second mode, the capacitive element is in a rising trend at the moment, when the power supply signal detected in real time is greater than or equal to the threshold value of the second power supply signal, the fact that power can be supplied to the load by the capacitive element is indicated, the switch device is turned off at the moment, namely, the switch device is switched to the first mode to work, and the load is powered by the capacitive element, so that the pulse driving signal is stopped being output to the switch device by detecting the power supply signal in real time and comparing the magnitude relation between the power supply signal and the threshold value of the second power supply signal, the power consumption and the loss of the switch device are reduced, and meanwhile, the hardware loss and the failure rate of the circuit are.
And the second power supply signal threshold is less than or equal to the maximum threshold of the bus signal.
In any of the above technical solutions, optionally, the method further includes: if the switching device works in the first mode, judging whether the bus signal detected in real time is smaller than or equal to a first bus signal threshold value in the power supply signal threshold values; if the bus signal detected in real time is judged to be larger than the first bus signal threshold value, predicting the bus signal in the next period; judging whether the bus signal in the next period is less than or equal to the first bus signal threshold value; and if the bus signal in the next period is judged to be less than or equal to the first bus signal threshold value, controlling the switching device to switch to the second mode for working at a specified time.
In this technical solution, the bridge circuit operates in the first mode, and the first bus signal threshold is greater than or equal to the minimum bus signal threshold, so that the bus signal in the next cycle is predicted, and if it is determined that the bus signal in the next cycle is less than or equal to the first bus signal threshold, in order to avoid a bus voltage drop, the bridge circuit switches to the second mode to operate at a specified time, and optionally switches to the second mode to operate at an ac voltage zero crossing point of the next cycle, so as to reduce interference of a harmonic signal on the circuit.
In any of the above technical solutions, optionally, the method further includes: if the switching device works in the second mode, detecting a bus signal in the power supply signal in real time; judging whether the bus signal is greater than or equal to a second bus signal threshold value; and if the bus signal is judged to be greater than or equal to the second bus signal threshold value, controlling the switching device to switch to the first mode for working.
In the technical scheme, the second power supply signal threshold is less than or equal to the maximum threshold of the bus signal, the bus voltage continuously rises when the bridge circuit works in the second mode, and in order to avoid breaking down a capacitive element or a switching device, the bridge circuit is controlled to be switched to the first mode at the designated time of the power supply signal, so that the load energy efficiency is further improved, and the reliability of the circuit can be further improved.
Preferably, the designated time is a zero-crossing time of the alternating voltage in the current period, such as a half-wave zero-crossing time or a full-wave zero-crossing time, so as to effectively reduce noise such as harmonic signals and electromagnetic interference generated during the switching mode of the switching device.
In any of the above technical solutions, optionally, the method further includes: if the switching device works in the second mode, judging whether the bus signal detected in real time is larger than or equal to a second bus signal threshold value in the power supply signal threshold value; if the bus signal detected in real time is smaller than the second bus signal threshold value, predicting the bus signal in the next period; judging the magnitude relation between the bus signal in the next period and the third bus signal threshold value; and controlling the switching device to switch to the first mode to work at a specified time according to the magnitude relation between the bus signal in the next period and the third bus signal threshold value.
In the technical scheme, if the bus signal is detected to be smaller than the second bus signal threshold, the first mode does not need to be switched to the second mode immediately, the magnitude relation between the bus signal in the next period and the third bus signal threshold can be judged in a prediction mode, and the specified time for switching to the first mode in the next period is determined, so that the stability and the reliability of driving load operation are further improved, and voltage fluctuation and harmonic signals are further reduced.
Preferably, the designated time is a zero-crossing time of the alternating voltage in the next period, such as a half-wave zero-crossing time or a full-wave zero-crossing time, so as to effectively reduce noise such as harmonic signals and electromagnetic interference generated during the switching mode of the switching device.
In any of the above technical solutions, optionally, the driving control circuit further includes a capacitive element, the capacitive element is connected between the switching device and the load, the capacitive element includes a plurality of electrolytic capacitors connected in series and/or in parallel, or the capacitive element includes a plurality of thin film capacitors connected in series and/or in parallel, and the operation control method further includes: and determining the second bus signal threshold according to the withstand voltage threshold of the capacitive element and the withstand voltage threshold of the switching device.
In this technical solution, the second bus signal threshold is determined according to the withstand voltage threshold of the capacitive element and the withstand voltage threshold of the switching tube, so that on one hand, the possibility that the capacitive element and the switching tube are broken down is reduced, and on the other hand, the second bus signal threshold determines the time when the switching tube is switched between the first mode and the second mode, thereby further improving the reliability and the load operation energy efficiency of the power factor correction module.
In any of the above technical solutions, optionally, the method further includes: detecting the current of the load, and calculating and determining the power of the load according to the current of the load; determining the input power of the load corresponding to the given current in the second mode; calculating a difference between the input power and a power of the load, the difference configured as the charging power; determining the change rate of the bus signal according to the charging power; determining a minimum value of a given current in the second mode according to a rate of change of the bus signal, wherein the given current is configured to control the bus signal to rise.
In the technical scheme, the minimum given current in the second mode is determined according to the voltage change rate, so that the reliability and stability of bus voltage rise are improved, and the reliability of the drive control scheme defined by the embodiment of the application is further improved.
In an aspect of the second aspect of the present invention, a drive control apparatus is provided, which includes a processor that implements, when executing a computer program: the steps of the driving control method according to any of the above descriptions, so that the driving control apparatus has the beneficial technical effects of any of the above driving control methods, and are not described herein again.
In an aspect of the third aspect of the present invention, a home appliance is provided, including: a load; a drive control device according to a second aspect of the present invention; the driving control circuit is controlled by the driving control device and is provided with a PFC (power factor correction), and the PFC comprises at least one switching device which is configured to control a power supply signal to supply power to a load.
In this technical solution, the home appliance includes the drive control device according to the above technical solution, so that the home appliance includes all the beneficial effects of the drive control device according to the above technical solution, and details are not repeated again.
In the above technical solution, optionally, the household electrical appliance includes at least one of an air conditioner, a refrigerator, a fan, a range hood, a dust collector, and a computer host.
In an aspect of the fourth aspect of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored, which, when executed, implements the steps of the drive control method according to any one of the above aspects.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
fig. 1 shows a flow diagram of a drive control method according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of drive control currents according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of drive control currents according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a drive control scheme according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5 shows a timing chart of a drive control method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 shows a timing chart of a drive control method according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 shows a timing chart of a drive control method according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described herein, and therefore the scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.
As shown in fig. 1, a drive control method according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: step S102, detecting input power and output power corresponding to the power supply signal, wherein the output power is recorded as load power; step S104, determining the change rate of a bus signal in the power supply signal according to the input power and the load power; and step S106, controlling the switching device to work in a first mode or a second mode according to the change rate of the bus bar signal, wherein the first mode is configured to control the switching device to be turned off, and the second mode is configured to control the switching device to work according to a specified pulse driving signal, so that the given current in the second mode follows the alternating voltage input to the load.
In the technical scheme, the switching device is controlled to operate in a first mode or a second mode through the change rate of a bus signal, wherein the first mode is configured to control the switching device to be turned off, in the first mode, the driving signal is stopped being sent to the switching device so as to reduce the power consumption and the hardware loss of the switching device, and as the operation duration of the load is increased, the second mode needs to be operated to boost the load and correct the power factor of the load, and correspondingly, the second mode is configured to be operated according to a specified pulse driving signal so as to enable a given current in the second mode to follow the power supply signal.
Specifically, the rate of change of the bus signal mainly depends on the input power and the output power of the load, wherein the input power mainly depends on the voltage of the power supply signal, the load current and the given current, and the output power mainly depends on the magnitude of the load amount (corresponding to the operating power consumption), for example, in the case of the same input power, if the load amount is lower, the output power is smaller, in the first mode, the rate of change of the power supply signal drop is smaller, in the second mode, the rate of change of the power supply signal rise is larger, correspondingly, if the load amount is higher, the output power is larger, in the first mode, the rate of change of the power supply signal drop is larger, and in the second mode, the rate of change of the power supply signal rise is smaller.
The pulse driving signal includes, but is not limited to, a pulse width, a duty ratio, a switching frequency, and the like.
Further, as can be understood by those skilled in the art, normal operation of the load can be ensured in both the first mode and the second mode, that is, one switching point between the first mode and the second mode corresponds to a maximum threshold of the bus signal, the other switching point between the first mode and the second mode corresponds to a minimum threshold of the bus signal, and both the duration of the first mode and the duration of the second mode depend on a change rate of the bus signal, so that on the premise of ensuring normal operation of the load, the duration of the first mode is increased as much as possible, thereby effectively reducing the operating time, the turn-on times, the hardware loss and the failure rate of the switching device.
Wherein the amount of load depends on at least one of the current, power, operating pressure and frequency of the load.
Finally, if the load is a motor, the power supply signal in the driving control circuit of the motor may be a bus signal or an ac signal, the ac signal is a signal on the input side of the rectifier module, and the bus signal is a signal on the output side of the rectifier module.
In addition, the driving control method according to the above embodiment of the present invention may further have the following additional technical features:
in the foregoing technical solution, optionally, the power supply signal includes a bus signal, a capacitive element is connected between the switching device and the load, the bus signal is configured to charge the capacitive element, a charging voltage of the capacitive element is configured to drive the load to operate, and the determining a change rate of the power supply signal according to the input power and the load power specifically includes: detecting the current of the load, and calculating and determining the load power according to the current of the load; calculating a difference between the input power and the load power, the difference configured as a charging power of the capacitive element; and determining the change rate of the bus signal according to the charging power.
In the technical scheme, the capacitive element is connected between the switch device and the load to reduce the impact of power supply signal conversion on the load, namely the power supply signal can charge the capacitive element, the charging voltage of the capacitive element supplies power to the load, therefore, the load power is determined by detecting the load current, further, the charging power of the capacitive element is determined according to the load power and the input power, the charging power corresponds to the voltage change rate, and the threshold monitoring is performed on the power supply signal according to the voltage change rate.
In the foregoing technical solution, optionally, controlling the switching device to operate in a first mode or a second mode according to the rate of change of the bus signal specifically includes: and determining a working period corresponding to the first mode and a working period corresponding to the second mode according to the change rate of the bus signal, wherein the switching time between the first mode and the second mode is a designated time corresponding to an alternating current signal in the power supply signal.
In the technical scheme, optionally, the switching time between the first mode and the second mode is the zero-crossing time of the power supply signal, so that the impact current can be reduced when the switching mode works, and in addition, the harmonic signal can be reduced, so that the reliability of the drive control circuit is further improved, and the service life of the drive control circuit is further prolonged.
In any of the above technical solutions, optionally, the alternating current signal in the power supply signal is a continuous signal, and the alternating current signal includes a positive half cycle signal and a negative half cycle signal that are alternately distributed, the working period corresponding to the first mode includes an integer number of half cycle durations, and/or the working period corresponding to the second mode includes an integer number of the half cycle durations, where the half cycle durations include duration of the positive half cycle signal and duration of the negative half cycle signal.
In the technical scheme, a given current needs to be applied while a pulse driving signal is output to the switching device in the second mode, and in order to reduce the impact of the given current on circuit hardware, the start time and the end time of the second mode are both set to be zero-crossing time, that is, the working period of the second mode includes an integer number of half cycles.
In any of the above technical solutions, optionally, the method further includes: if the switching device works in the first mode, detecting a bus signal in the power supply signal in real time; judging whether the bus signal detected in real time is less than or equal to a first bus signal threshold value; and if the bus signal detected in real time is judged to be less than or equal to the first bus signal threshold value, controlling the switching device to switch to the second mode for working.
In the technical scheme, when the switch device works in a first mode, namely the switch device is in a cut-off state, the capacitive element supplies power to the load, so that the voltage of the capacitive element is in a descending trend, when a power supply signal detected in real time is smaller than or equal to a first power supply signal threshold value, the capacitive element does not supply power to the load enough, a pulse driving signal needs to be output to the switch device, the switch device needs to be switched to a second mode to work at the moment, the power supply signal is controlled to supply power to the load, and therefore the working mode of the switch device is switched in time by detecting the power supply signal in real time and comparing the power supply signal with the first power supply signal threshold value, and the reliability of the driving control circuit for supplying power to the load.
The first power supply signal threshold is greater than or equal to the minimum threshold of the bus signal.
In any of the above technical solutions, optionally, the method further includes: detecting the power supply signal in real time if the switching device operates in the second mode; judging whether the power supply signal is greater than or equal to a second power supply signal threshold value; and if the power supply signal is judged to be greater than or equal to the second power supply signal threshold value, controlling the switching device to switch to the first mode for operation.
In the technical scheme, the switch device works in the second mode, the capacitive element is in a rising trend at the moment, when the power supply signal detected in real time is greater than or equal to the threshold value of the second power supply signal, the fact that power can be supplied to the load by the capacitive element is indicated, the switch device is turned off at the moment, namely, the switch device is switched to the first mode to work, and the load is powered by the capacitive element, so that the pulse driving signal is stopped being output to the switch device by detecting the power supply signal in real time and comparing the magnitude relation between the power supply signal and the threshold value of the second power supply signal, the power consumption and the loss of the switch device are reduced, and meanwhile, the hardware loss and the failure rate of the circuit are.
And the second power supply signal threshold is less than or equal to the maximum threshold of the bus signal.
In any of the above technical solutions, optionally, the method further includes: if the switching device works in the first mode, judging whether the bus signal detected in real time is smaller than or equal to a first bus signal threshold value in the power supply signal threshold values; if the bus signal detected in real time is judged to be larger than the first bus signal threshold value, predicting the bus signal in the next period; judging whether the bus signal in the next period is less than or equal to the first bus signal threshold value; and if the bus signal in the next period is judged to be less than or equal to the first bus signal threshold value, controlling the switching device to switch to the second mode for working at a specified time.
In this technical solution, the bridge circuit operates in the first mode, and the first bus signal threshold is greater than or equal to the minimum bus signal threshold, so that the bus signal in the next cycle is predicted, and if it is determined that the bus signal in the next cycle is less than or equal to the first bus signal threshold, in order to avoid a bus voltage drop, the bridge circuit switches to the second mode to operate at a specified time, and optionally switches to the second mode to operate at an ac voltage zero crossing point of the next cycle, so as to reduce interference of a harmonic signal on the circuit.
In any of the above technical solutions, optionally, the method further includes: if the switching device works in the second mode, detecting a bus signal in the power supply signal in real time; judging whether the bus signal is greater than or equal to a second bus signal threshold value; and if the bus signal is judged to be greater than or equal to the second bus signal threshold value, controlling the switching device to switch to the first mode for working.
In the technical scheme, the second power supply signal threshold is less than or equal to the maximum threshold of the bus signal, the bus voltage continuously rises when the bridge circuit works in the second mode, and in order to avoid breaking down a capacitive element or a switching device, the bridge circuit is controlled to be switched to the first mode at the designated time of the power supply signal, so that the load energy efficiency is further improved, and the reliability of the circuit can be further improved.
Preferably, the designated time is a zero-crossing time of the alternating voltage in the current period, such as a half-wave zero-crossing time or a full-wave zero-crossing time, so as to effectively reduce noise such as harmonic signals and electromagnetic interference generated during the switching mode of the switching device.
In any of the above technical solutions, optionally, the method further includes: if the switching device works in the second mode, judging whether the bus signal detected in real time is larger than or equal to a second bus signal threshold value in the power supply signal threshold value; if the bus signal detected in real time is smaller than the second bus signal threshold value, predicting the bus signal in the next period; judging the magnitude relation between the bus signal in the next period and the third bus signal threshold value; and controlling the switching device to switch to the first mode to work at a specified time according to the magnitude relation between the bus signal in the next period and the third bus signal threshold value.
In the technical scheme, if the bus signal is detected to be smaller than the second bus signal threshold, the first mode does not need to be switched to the second mode immediately, the magnitude relation between the bus signal in the next period and the third bus signal threshold can be judged in a prediction mode, and the specified time for switching to the first mode in the next period is determined, so that the stability and the reliability of driving load operation are further improved, and voltage fluctuation and harmonic signals are further reduced.
Preferably, the designated time is a zero-crossing time of the alternating voltage in the next period, such as a half-wave zero-crossing time or a full-wave zero-crossing time, so as to effectively reduce noise such as harmonic signals and electromagnetic interference generated during the switching mode of the switching device.
In any of the above technical solutions, optionally, the driving control circuit further includes a capacitive element, the capacitive element is connected between the switching device and the load, the capacitive element includes a plurality of electrolytic capacitors connected in series and/or in parallel, or the capacitive element includes a plurality of thin film capacitors connected in series and/or in parallel, and the operation control method further includes: and determining the second bus signal threshold according to the withstand voltage threshold of the capacitive element and the withstand voltage threshold of the switching device.
In this technical solution, the second bus signal threshold is determined according to the withstand voltage threshold of the capacitive element and the withstand voltage threshold of the switching tube, so that on one hand, the possibility that the capacitive element and the switching tube are broken down is reduced, and on the other hand, the second bus signal threshold determines the time when the switching tube is switched between the first mode and the second mode, thereby further improving the reliability and the load operation energy efficiency of the power factor correction module.
In any of the above technical solutions, optionally, the method further includes: detecting the current of the load, and calculating and determining the power of the load according to the current of the load; determining the input power of the load corresponding to the given current in the second mode; calculating a difference between the input power and a power of the load, the difference configured as the charging power; determining the change rate of the bus signal according to the charging power; determining a minimum value of a given current in the second mode according to a rate of change of the bus signal, wherein the given current is configured to control the bus signal to rise.
In the technical scheme, the minimum given current in the second mode is determined according to the voltage change rate, so that the reliability and stability of bus voltage rise are improved, and the reliability of the drive control scheme defined by the embodiment of the application is further improved.
FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of drive control current according to one embodiment of the invention
As shown in fig. 2, according to the driving control circuit of an embodiment of the present invention, the driving control circuit is connected between the grid system AC and the input end of the load, and specifically includes: a bridge rectifier module, a Boost type power factor correction module, a capacitive element C (with filter characteristic) and an inverter, wherein the bridge rectifier module is used for converting an alternating current signal into a pulsating direct current signal, the Boost type power factor correction module comprises an inductive element L, a switching tube Q and a one-way conduction device D, due to the charging and discharging action of the capacitive element C, the voltage on the capacitive element C exhibits a sawtooth ripple, which, in combination with the conduction characteristic of the unidirectional conducting device D, only when the instantaneous value of the AC line voltage is higher than the voltage on the capacitive element, the one-way conduction device D is conducted due to forward bias, namely, in each period of the input signal of the AC line, the one-way conduction device D is conducted only near the peak value, the input AC voltage presents sine wave waveform, however, the input alternating current has a large number of spikes, i.e., harmonic components that cause a reduction in the power factor of the circuit.
Therefore, the Boost type power factor correction module can solve the problem of phase difference between alternating voltage and alternating current and the problems of electromagnetic interference and electromagnetic compatibility caused by harmonic signals.
Further, for the purpose of further improving the energy efficiency of the load operation, for the active Boost type power factor correction module, the operating mode of the switching tube is adjusted in combination with the operating parameters of the load, and particularly, when it is detected that the electric quantity required for driving the load to operate is low, whether the switching tube operates is controlled according to a power supply signal, wherein the power supply signal includes an alternating current voltage and a bus voltage input by the power grid system AC.
Further, if the switching tube is determined to operate in the second mode, the bus voltage is further combined with the maximum threshold value V of the bus signaldc_maxThe magnitude relation between the bus voltage and the minimum threshold value V of the bus signaldc_minThe pulse driving signal is output to the switching tube or the pulse driving signal is stopped to be output to the switching tube.
Specifically, if the bus voltage exceeds the upper limit voltage threshold, the pulse driving signal is stopped from being output to the switching tube, namely, the switching tube is switched to the first mode operation, namely, the switching tube is in an intermittent state, and if the bus voltage is lower than the minimum threshold V of the bus signaldc_minThen, a pulse driving signal is output to the switch tube, i.e. the switch tube is switched to a second mode to work, i.e. the switch tube is in a working state, so that a given current I is causedSClose to a sine wave waveform.
Still further, the switching time between the first mode and the second mode is the zero-crossing time of the alternating current signal, so as to further reduce the spike signal in the driving control circuit.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the drive control current according to an embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 3, according to another embodiment of the present invention, the driving control circuit is connected between the grid system AC and the input end of the load, and specifically includes: the bridgeless totem-pole PFC module comprises an inductive element L, a switching tube and a one-way conduction device D, wherein the voltage on the capacitive element C presents sawtooth wave waves due to the charging and discharging action of the capacitive element C, and the one-way conduction device D is combined with the conduction characteristic of the one-way conduction device D, so that the one-way conduction device D is conducted due to forward bias only when the instantaneous value of the AC line voltage is higher than the voltage on the capacitive element, namely the one-way conduction device D is conducted near the peak value in each period of the AC line input signal, the input AC voltage presents sine wave shape, but the input AC current has a large number of spike pulses, namely harmonic components causing the power factor of the circuit to be low.
Therefore, the bridgeless totem-pole PFC module can solve the problem that phase difference exists between alternating-current voltage and alternating-current and the problems of electromagnetic interference and electromagnetic compatibility caused by harmonic signals, and in the embodiment, the switch tube comprises the first switch tube Q1A second switch tube Q2And a third switching tube Q3And a fourth switching tube Q4Wherein, the first switch tube Q1And a second switching tube Q2Is a high-frequency switch tube, a third switch tube Q3And a fourth switching tube Q4Is a low-frequency switching tube.
Further, for the purpose of further improving the energy efficiency of the load operation, for the active bridgeless totem-pole PFC module, the operating mode of the switching tube is adjusted according to the operating parameters of the load, and particularly, when it is detected that the electric quantity required for driving the load to operate is low, whether the switching tube operates is controlled according to a power supply signal, where the power supply signal includes an AC voltage input by the grid system and a bus voltage.
Further, if the switching tube is determined to operate in the second mode, the bus voltage is further combined with the maximum threshold value V of the bus signaldc_maxThe magnitude relation between the bus voltage and the minimum threshold value V of the bus signaldc_minThe pulse driving signal is output to the switching tube or the pulse driving signal is stopped to be output to the switching tube.
Specifically, if the bus voltage exceeds the upper limit voltage threshold, the pulse driving signal is stopped from being output to the switching tube, namely, the switching tube is switched to the first mode operation, namely, the switching tube is in an intermittent state, and if the bus voltage is lower than the minimum threshold V of the bus signaldc_minThen, a pulse driving signal is output to the switch tube, i.e. the switch tube is switched to a second mode to work, i.e. the switch tube is in a working state, so that a given current I is causedSClose to a sine wave waveform.
Still further, the switching time between the first mode and the second mode is the zero-crossing time of the alternating current signal, so as to further reduce the spike signal in the driving control circuit.
Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a drive control scheme according to an embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 4, in the drive control scheme of the present embodiment, the steps performed by the PI controller include:
(1) the first PI controller is used for controlling the first PI controller according to the bus signal VdcAnd bus signal threshold VdcrefThe difference between them determines the rate of change and thus the gain value I for a given currentref_dcGain value and AC voltage VacThe product of (the absolute value of the ac voltage shown in fig. 4) is a given current, and the given current is subjected to current limiting processing and then output to the second PI controller.
(2) The second PI controller is used for controlling the current I according to the given current and the alternating currentacAnd calculating and determining a pulse driving signal, wherein the pulse driving signal comprises a first duty ratio, a second duty ratio, a third duty ratio and a fourth duty ratio, similarly, a dead time is set between the conduction time of the first switch tube and the conduction time between the second switch tubes, and in addition, the pulse driving signal also comprises the switching frequency of the switch tubes.
And the first PI controller and the second PI controller are proportional-integral controllers.
As shown in fig. 5 and fig. 6, for the purpose of further improving the energy efficiency of the load operation, for the active bridgeless totem-pole PFC module, the operating mode of the switching tube is adjusted according to the operating parameters of the load, and particularly, when it is detected that the amount of power required for driving the load to operate is low, whether the switching tube operates is controlled according to a power supply signal, where the power supply signal includes an AC voltage of the AC input of the power grid system and a bus voltage.
Further, if it is determined that the switching tube operates in the second mode, the bus voltage V is further combineddcMaximum threshold value V of bus signaldc_maxThe magnitude relation between them, and the bus voltage VdcMinimum threshold V of bus signaldc_minThe pulse driving signal is output to the switching tube or the pulse driving signal is stopped to be output to the switching tube.
Specifically, if the bus voltage VdcIf the bus voltage exceeds the upper limit voltage threshold, the pulse driving signal output to the switching tube is stopped, namely the switching tube is switched to the first mode to work, namely the switching tube is in an intermittent state, and if the bus voltage is lower than the minimum threshold V of the bus signaldc_minThen, a pulse driving signal is output to the switch tube, i.e. the switch tube is switched to a second mode to work, i.e. the switch tube is in a working state, so that a given current I is causedSClose to a sine wave waveform.
As shown in FIG. 5, the switching time between the first mode and the second mode is the AC signal USTo further reduce harmonic signals in the drive control circuit to give a given current ISClose to a sine wave waveform.
As shown in FIG. 6, the switching time between the first mode and the second mode is not the AC signal USMay result in excessive harmonic signals in the drive control circuit, which in turn results in a given current ISThe distortion becomes large.
As shown in FIG. 7, T corresponding to a full wave zero crossing is determined based on the sampled value of the bus voltage12At the moment, the first mode is switched to the second mode according to the bus signal VdcThe bus signal is processed according to the time-varying rulePredicting and sampling, optionally predicting a first bus voltage predicted value V corresponding to a first half-wave zero crossing point after entering a second modedc_pre1Comparing the predicted value V of the first bus voltagedc_pre1Maximum threshold value V of bus signaldc_maxIf the first bus voltage predicted value V is determineddc_pre1Less than maximum threshold V of bus signaldc_maxContinuing to maintain the second mode operation and according to the bus signal sampling value V of the next full wave zero crossing pointdc_curPredicting a first bus voltage prediction value Vdc_pre2Comparing the predicted value V of the second bus voltagedc_pre2Maximum threshold value V of bus signaldc_maxIf the second bus voltage predicted value V is determineddc_pre2Maximum threshold value V of approaching bus signaldc_maxI.e. maximum threshold value V of the bus signaldc_maxAnd a second bus voltage predicted value Vdc_pre2The difference value between the two full-wave zero-crossing points is smaller than the difference value threshold value, the corresponding time T of the other full-wave zero-crossing point is determined21Switching to the first mode.
A home appliance according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a load; the drive control apparatus according to any one of the above; the driving control circuit is controlled by the driving control device and is provided with a PFC (power factor correction), and the PFC comprises at least one switching device which is configured to control a power supply signal to supply power to a load.
In this technical solution, the home appliance includes the driving control device described in any of the embodiments, so that the home appliance includes all the beneficial effects of the driving control device described in any of the embodiments, which are not described again.
In one embodiment of the present invention, optionally, the household appliance includes at least one of an air conditioner, a refrigerator, a fan, a range hood, a dust collector, and a computer mainframe.
In this embodiment, the power supply signal is controlled by setting the switch tube to supply power to the load, so long as the bus voltage is within the normal variation range, normal operation of the load can be ensured, on the premise that normal operation of the load can be ensured, a control strategy of a burst (intermittent oscillation) mode can be set for variation of the bus voltage, that is, an intermittent output control strategy, so as to control the high-frequency action signal to be in an intermittent output state through the intermittent output control strategy, that is, the high-frequency action signal is not required to be continuously in the output state, that is, the switch tube is not required to be continuously in the high-frequency action on-off state, so that the conduction power consumption of the power factor correction module in the drive control circuit can be reduced, and the energy efficiency of an electrical apparatus (such as an air conditioner) adopting the.
Alternatively, the controller may be one of an MCU (Micro-programmed Control Unit), a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a DSP (Digital Signal Processor), and an embedded device, but is not limited thereto.
A computer-readable storage medium according to an embodiment of the present invention, has a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed, implements the steps of the drive control method according to any one of the above-described technical solutions.
According to the technical scheme, the switching device is controlled to work in a first mode or a second mode through the change rate of the bus signals, wherein the first mode is configured to control the switching device to be turned off, in the first mode, the driving signals are stopped being sent to the switching device to reduce the power consumption and the hardware loss of the switching device, in addition, as the running time of the load is prolonged, the second mode needs to be operated to boost the load and correct the power factor of the load, and correspondingly, the second mode is configured to be a mode in which the switching device works according to a specified pulse driving signal, so that the given current in the second mode can follow the power supply signal.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
It should be noted that in the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim. The word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of elements or steps not listed in a claim. The word "a" or "an" preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. The invention may be implemented by means of hardware comprising several distinct elements, and by means of a suitably programmed computer. In the unit claims enumerating several means, several of these means may be embodied by one and the same item of hardware. The usage of the words first, second and third, etcetera do not indicate any ordering. These words may be interpreted as names.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (14)
1. A drive control method for a drive control circuit having at least one switching device configured to control a supply signal to supply power to a load, the drive control method comprising:
detecting input power and output power corresponding to the power supply signal, wherein the output power is recorded as load power;
determining the change rate of a bus signal in the power supply signal according to the input power and the load power;
controlling the switching device to operate in a first mode or a second mode according to the rate of change of the bus bar signal,
wherein the first mode is configured as a mode in which the switching device is controlled to be turned off, and the second mode is configured as a mode in which the switching device operates in accordance with a prescribed pulse drive signal so that a given current in the second mode follows an alternating-current voltage input to the load.
2. The driving control method according to claim 1, wherein the power supply signal includes a bus signal, a capacitive element is connected between the switching device and the load, the bus signal is configured to charge the capacitive element, a charging voltage of the capacitive element is configured to drive the load to operate, and the determining the rate of change of the bus signal according to the input power and the load power specifically includes:
detecting the current of the load, and calculating and determining the load power according to the current of the load;
calculating a difference between the input power and the load power, the difference configured as a charging power of the capacitive element;
and determining the change rate of the bus signal according to the charging power.
3. The drive control method according to claim 2, wherein controlling the switching device to operate in the first mode or the second mode according to the rate of change of the bus signal specifically comprises:
determining a working period corresponding to the first mode and a working period corresponding to the second mode according to the change rate of the bus signal,
the switching time between the first mode and the second mode is a designated time corresponding to an alternating current signal in the power supply signal.
4. The drive control method according to claim 1,
the alternating current signal in the power supply signal is a continuous signal and comprises a positive half-cycle signal and a negative half-cycle signal which are alternately distributed,
the duty cycle corresponding to the first mode comprises an integer number of half cycle durations, and/or the duty cycle corresponding to the second mode comprises an integer number of the half cycle durations,
wherein the half cycle duration comprises a duration of the positive half cycle signal and a duration of the negative half cycle signal.
5. The drive control method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by further comprising:
if the switching device works in the first mode, detecting a bus signal in the power supply signal in real time;
judging whether the bus signal detected in real time is less than or equal to a first bus signal threshold value;
and if the bus signal detected in real time is judged to be less than or equal to the first bus signal threshold value, controlling the switching device to switch to the second mode for working.
6. The drive control method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by further comprising:
if the switching device works in the first mode, judging whether the bus signal detected in real time is smaller than or equal to a first bus signal threshold value in the power supply signal threshold values;
if the bus signal detected in real time is judged to be larger than the first bus signal threshold value, predicting the bus signal in the next period;
judging whether the bus signal in the next period is less than or equal to the first bus signal threshold value;
and if the bus signal in the next period is judged to be less than or equal to the first bus signal threshold value, controlling the switching device to switch to the second mode for working at a specified time.
7. The drive control method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by further comprising:
if the switching device works in the second mode, detecting a bus signal in the power supply signal in real time;
judging whether the bus signal is greater than or equal to a second bus signal threshold value;
and if the bus signal is judged to be greater than or equal to the second bus signal threshold value, controlling the switching device to switch to the first mode for working.
8. The drive control method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by further comprising:
if the switching device works in the second mode, judging whether the bus signal detected in real time is larger than or equal to a second bus signal threshold value in the power supply signal threshold value;
if the bus signal detected in real time is smaller than the second bus signal threshold value, predicting the bus signal in the next period;
judging the magnitude relation between the bus signal in the next period and the third bus signal threshold value;
and controlling the switching device to switch to the first mode to work at a specified time according to the magnitude relation between the bus signal in the next period and the third bus signal threshold value.
9. The drive control method according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
the driving control circuit further comprises a capacitive element, the capacitive element is connected between the switching device and the load, the capacitive element comprises a plurality of electrolytic capacitors connected in series and/or in parallel, or the capacitive element comprises a plurality of thin film capacitors connected in series and/or in parallel,
the operation control method further includes:
and determining the second bus signal threshold according to the withstand voltage threshold of the capacitive element and the withstand voltage threshold of the switching device.
10. The drive control method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by further comprising:
detecting the current of the load, and calculating and determining the power of the load according to the current of the load;
determining the input power of the load corresponding to the given current in the second mode;
calculating a difference between the input power and a power of the load, the difference configured as the charging power;
determining the change rate of the bus signal according to the charging power;
determining a minimum value for a given current in the second mode based on the rate of change of the bus signal,
wherein the given current is configured to control the bus signal to rise.
11. A drive control apparatus comprising a processor, wherein the processor when executing a computer program implements:
the steps of the drive control method according to any one of claims 1 to 10.
12. An appliance, comprising:
a load;
the drive control apparatus according to claim 11;
the driving control circuit is controlled by the driving control device and is provided with a PFC (power factor correction), and the PFC comprises at least one switching device which is configured to control a power supply signal to supply power to a load.
13. The home device of claim 12,
the household appliance comprises at least one of an air conditioner, a refrigerator, a fan, a range hood, a dust collector and a computer host.
14. A computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, characterized in that,
the computer program, when executed, implementing the steps of the drive control method of any one of claims 1 to 10.
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