CN108528263A - A kind of efficient electric vehicle direct current charge system - Google Patents
A kind of efficient electric vehicle direct current charge system Download PDFInfo
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- CN108528263A CN108528263A CN201810588942.4A CN201810588942A CN108528263A CN 108528263 A CN108528263 A CN 108528263A CN 201810588942 A CN201810588942 A CN 201810588942A CN 108528263 A CN108528263 A CN 108528263A
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/11—DC charging controlled by the charging station, e.g. mode 4
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M7/219—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/30—AC to DC converters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
- Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of efficient electric vehicle direct current charge systems, belong to new-energy automobile field.The system includes the pile body and output DC bus, AC/DC converters, DC/DC converters, capacitance, distribution transformer and power grid of direct current charge stake；One end of distribution transformer is connected to power grid, and the other end is connected to the ends AC of AC/DC converters, and the ends DC of AC/DC converters are connected with the output DC bus of electric vehicle DC fast charge stake；One end of DC/DC converters is connected with capacitance, and the other end is connected and with direct current charge stake output DC bus by controlling the low-order harmonic to absorb in AC/DC average anode currents；By the design of distribution transformer secondary side winding no-load voltage ratio, reduces three-phase alternating current side voltage, the direct current output of AC/DC is made to meet the minimum of mainstream battery of electric vehicle group voltage range.The present invention only needs single-stage AC/DC power conversions, small-power DC/DC only to absorb harmonic current, avoids whole charge powers and flows through additional DC/DC converters, to the efficiency for saving cost He improving direct current charge system.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to new-energy automobile fields, are related to a kind of efficient electric vehicle direct current charge system.
Background technology
In recent years, electric automobile market tremendous expansion, every country is also in the development for actively promoting electric vehicle.Current Europe
The multiple countries in continent have been started up and formulate fuel vehicle and prohibit selling timetable, and China is putting into effect relevant policies.However electric vehicle
The construction of charging infrastructure relatively lags behind, and the electric vehicle charging time is considerably longer than the refueling time of conventional fuel oil car, makes
It is poor at automobile user experience, fuel vehicle can not be replaced in a short time.In the main charging modes of two classes, alternating-current charging pile
Commonly known as trickle charge stake is mainly to provide patching and measuring for single-phase alternating current, and the transformation of alternating current-direct current is then by vehicle-mounted
Several kilowatts of charger charges to battery pack；Direct-current charging post is commonly known as fast charge stake, and high-power (tens to hundreds of thousand
Watt) the transformation of three-phase alternating current to DC charging power completed in direct current stake system, the output DC bus connection of direct current stake
Batteries of electric automobile group realizes high-power charging, and charging is completed usually in one hour.Therefore, automobile user experience is close
The key of fuel vehicle is to develop direct current rapid nitriding, the construction of promotion direct current charge facility.
Current direct current charge stake realization method is all the power supply realization method (such as Fig. 1) converted using two stage power, and
Most of is unidirectional power stream, AC/DC generally uses three-phase Vienna therein rectifier, and DC/DC using LLC resonance every
Release structure (such as Fig. 2).To meet the needs of electric vehicle is with power grid interactive (V2G), the power supply topologies of bidirectional power flow
Also there is application (such as Fig. 3) in some demonstrative projects or engineering.In general, the three-phase voltage of 380V passes through AC/DC collector rings
After section, output DC voltage (common DC bus voltage) will be greater than 537V, and the DC/DC converters of rear class are female by public direct-current
Line voltage is depressured to batteries of electric automobile group (battery voltage range of mainstream car design is 250V-400V) side.Direct current charge by
Higher in its power grade, up to dozens or even hundreds of kilowatt, therefore its efficiency is most important.Current charging pile is from three
The nominal operation point efficiency of phase exchange side to the power conversion of direct current output is commonly 94-95%.Under this system structure, into
The efficiency that one step improves power conversion needs to increase considerably the cost of system.
The power conversion system of current still no direct current charge stake removes the DC/DC power conversions of rear class and uses single-stage
AC/DC to carry out fast charge to batteries of electric automobile group.Level-one power conversion link can essentially be reduced by doing so, and improve efficiency
And cost is saved, but following three problems will be encountered：
First, it is the low-order harmonic problem of charging current：It is inferior main that the voltage of one side grid side contains 5,7,11,13
Harmonic wave causes the deviation of the sine degree of voltage；The stake of another aspect fast charge and the exchange of all electrical equipments (load is grid-connected)
Load (or grid-connected) electric current of net side must satisfy the requirement of rechargeable standard, that is, keep the good sine of equipment current on line side
Degree；Then low-order harmonic is just contained in the power obtained by the product of voltage and current；This low-order harmonic power is in single-stage ACDC
In transformation, the sides DC can only be arrived, and the voltage of the sides DC under the premise of metastable (if the busbar voltage of direct-current charging post is by institute
The batteries of electric automobile group voltage of connection is determined), the charging current of the sides DC just has low-order harmonic, to violate charging mark
It is accurate.Under the topological structure that the two stage power of traditional charging pile converts, whole power must can all be led in this way by DCDC
The stability that DCDC carrys out the output current of constant charge stake side is crossed, physical substance is by public straight between ACDC and DCDC
The capacitance on busbar is flowed to absorb low-order harmonic power.
Second, it is the variation for needing to solve the problems, such as large range of output DC voltage.The direct current output of single-stage AC/DC
Voltage is a boost type, and when three-phase alternating voltage is 380V, DC side output voltage will be greater than 537V.Therefore, original
Two stage power transformation in rear class DC/DC carry out the change that the range by a relatively large margin of output DC voltage may be implemented in decompression transformation
Change to be adapted to the terminal voltage variation range of (250V-400V) of batteries of electric automobile group.Therefore, input voltage is three-phase 380V's
Single-stage AC/DC then cannot be satisfied the exemplary voltages range of electric vehicle charging.
Third, the problem of being galvanically isolated.In the structure of original two stage power transformation, electrical isolation is by DC/DC rings
Section is realized, i.e., inverse by the way that AC/DC is exported DC voltage (common DC bus voltage) progress in DC/DC power inverters
Become, by rectification again after high frequency transformer, to realize the adjusting of electrical isolation and DC output voltage.Obviously, this every
The bigger of efficiency will be caused to lose from link.But if then needing the need of solution electrical isolation using single-stage AC/DC power conversions
It asks.
Invention content
In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of efficient electric vehicle direct current charge system, successfully solve
Certainly above-described three problems, so as to carry out direct current charge to batteries of electric automobile group using AC/DC single stage shifts,
The efficiency for greatly improving power conversion is increased to 97% or more from original 94-95%, while also reducing direct current charge stake
The cost of power conversion system.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions：
A kind of efficient electric vehicle direct current charge system, the system include the pile body and output direct current of direct current charge stake
Busbar, AC/DC converters, capacitance, distribution transformer and power grid；One end of the distribution transformer is connected to the power grid, separately
One end is connected to the ends AC of AC/DC converters, and the ends DC of the AC/DC converters and the output of electric vehicle direct current charge stake are straight
Busbar is flowed to be connected.
Further, which further includes DC/DC converters, and one end of the DC/DC converters is connected with capacitance, the other end
It is connected and by controlling the low order to absorb in AC/DC converter DC side output currents with direct current charge stake output DC bus
Harmonic wave, to the charging current of stable power-driven automobile batteries.
Further, the non-isolated two-way DC/DC that the DC/DC converters are made of a half-bridge.
Further, the DC/DC converters are defeated by the current-order of capacitance voltage stability contorting outer shroud first by control
The output for going out to extract link with harmonic current is added, and is then realized harmonic current compensation by a current inner loop and is maintained electricity
The electric current output order for holding voltage stabilization, DC/DC is absorbed by the low-order harmonic in AC/DC converter DC side output currents
In the capacitance of the other side, so that charging current is stablized.
Further, the bidirectional power flow that the AC/DC converters are made of three phase full bridge current transformer and Three-phase electric-wave filter
AC/DC converters.
Further, the AC/DC for the unidirectional power stream that the AC/DC converters are made of three-phase Vienna rectifier is converted
Device.
Further, between the ends DC of the AC/DC converters and the output DC bus of electric vehicle direct current charge stake also
Equipped with contactor.
Further, the voltage class of the distribution transformer high-pressure side is 35kV or 10kV；Simultaneously by its secondary side around
The reasonable selection of the no-load voltage ratio of group, low-pressure side three-phase alternating voltage is reduced, so that the DC side output of AC/DC converters meets
The minimum voltage of mainstream batteries of electric automobile group voltage change range, to realize that DC output voltage from low to high is adjusted.
Further, the distribution transformer is Three-Phase Distribution Transformers, the low-pressure secondary side three with multigroup independent winding
It mutually exports, and mutually isolated between each group three-phase low-voltage secondary side winding.
Further, the AC/DC converters carry out multiple parallel connections to realize larger fast charge power；Each AC/DC independently connects
Connect the three-phase alternating current low-pressure side of a stand-alone power distribution transformer, or multiple independent low-pressure secondary side three-phases by distribution transformer
It exports and powers to each AC/DC；DC/DC can be parallel-connected to the DC side output of each AC/DC with one-to-one mode,
It can also be parallel-connected to single DC/DC on the direct current output busbar of multiple AC/DC parallel connections.
Compared with prior art, of the invention to have the prominent advantages that：
The traditional scheme of the power conversion of two-stage series (is isolated or non-isolated) with DC/DC compared with AC/DC, the present invention will
Power conversion system becomes single-stage AC/DC, and successfully solving single-stage AC/DC transformation directly will to the charging of batteries of electric automobile group
The three major issues that output DC voltage range, charging current low-order harmonic and the direct current output that can be encountered are isolated with power grid.Therefore,
Present invention only requires the power conversion of single-stage AC/DC, low power DC/DC is only used for absorbing harmonic current, avoids and all fills
TV university power flows through DC/DC converters, to the power conversion efficiency for saving equipment cost He improving direct current charge system.
Description of the drawings
In order to keep the purpose of the present invention, technical solution and advantageous effect clearer, the present invention provides following attached drawing and carries out
Explanation：
Fig. 1 is the knot of AC/DC and the electric vehicle fast charge power supply realization method of DC/DC two stage powers transformation in the prior art
Structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is that first order AC/DC uses three-phase Vienna rectifier in the prior art, and second level DC/DC is humorous using LLC
The structural schematic diagram of the electric vehicle fast charge power supply realization method of the isolated form unidirectional power stream to shake；
Fig. 3 is the electric vehicle charging quickly of the two stage power transformation of bidirectional power flow (having the function of V2G) in the prior art
Source structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is the system structure diagram of the embodiment of the present invention one；
Fig. 5 is the topology diagram of AC/DC converters in the embodiment of the present invention one；
Fig. 6 is the control block diagram of AC/DC converters in the embodiment of the present invention one；
Fig. 7 is the topology diagram of DC/DC converters in the embodiment of the present invention one；
Fig. 8 is the control block diagram of DC/DC converters in the embodiment of the present invention one；
Fig. 9 is the prototype experiment test waveform in the embodiment of the present invention one；
Figure 10 is the structure chart for realizing high-power fast charge in the embodiment of the present invention two by multiple AC/DC converters parallel connections.
Figure 11 is that every AC/DC parallel connection DC/DC converters carry out overall realization in parallel greatly again in the embodiment of the present invention two
The system architecture diagram of power fast charge.
Specific implementation mode
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, below in conjunction with specific implementation
The present invention is described in detail for example.It is further managed it should be evident that following embodiment will be helpful to those skilled in the art
The solution present invention, but it is not construed as limiting the invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that can be in the totality of the present invention
Similar attached drawing is createed under design.These are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Embodiment one：Fig. 4 is the direct current charge system basic structure based on single-stage AC/DC power conversions in the present invention
Figure.The structure includes a distribution transformer being connect with medium voltage distribution network, an AC/DC converter, a DC/DC transformation
Device, capacitance and charging pile body.Wherein distribution transformer primary side is connect with the medium voltage distribution network of 10kV or 35kV, secondary side
(the nonstandard rated voltage of 176V) is connect with the sides AC of AC/DC converters.The sides DC of AC/DC converters and the direct current of charging pile are female
Line connects.The side of DC/DC is connected on charging pile DC bus, and the other side is capacitance.The pile body of charging pile is charging system
With the interface of electric automobile power battery group, it is internally integrated a controller, control system and power electric with electric vehicle
Pond manages system communication；Can also be the DC bus of charging pile equipped with main relay, one side under normal conditions, the other side is
The charging gun of pile body, for being connect with the charging interface of electric vehicle.Controller is communicated with the BMS of electric vehicle in pile body, control
Main relay processed is cut-off, and dispatches the watt level of the power conversion system in fast charging system, realizes the fast charge of electric vehicle.
AC/DC converters realize power by power distribution network to the transmission of electric automobile power battery group in system, it is any can be real
The topological structure of existing AC-to DC power conversion is used equally for AC/DC converters, such as three phase full bridge, Vienna rectifier,
To simplify the explanation, three phase full bridge the opening up as AC/DC converters with bi-directional power conversion ability is chosen in the present embodiment
It flutters, as shown in Figure 5.It charges initial stage in electric vehicle, AC/DC realizes the constant-current charge to electric automobile power battery group；In electricity
Electrical automobile charges the later stage, and AC/DC realizes the constant-voltage charge to electric automobile power battery group；It charges the complete period in electric vehicle
In, most times are constant-current charges.Illustrate that the single-stage AC/DC in this embodiment realizes that charging current is controlled with voltage below
Method.
AC/DC DC sides control block diagram is as shown in fig. 6, it is made of three control rings, respectively direct current pressure ring, direct current
Electric current loop and interior electric current loop.Interior electric current loop is realized under dq coordinate systems, by the three-phase voltage and three for acquiring exchange side
Wherein three-phase voltage can be sent into phaselocked loop to obtain the frequency and phase of exchange side voltage, three-phase voltage and three-phase by phase current
Electric current carries out dq transformation according to the phase information of phaselocked loop output simultaneously, by the feedback of the electric current under dq coordinate systems and reference value
Difference by PI controllers generate dq coordinate systems under voltage reference value, the three-phase voltage reference signal of reconvert to abc, thus
Three-phase voltage is exported by AC/DC and generates required three-phase current in filter inductance with net side three-phase voltage.Since dq is sat
There are the couplings of d axis and q axis for controller under mark system, therefore interior electric current loop also needs to that Feedforward Decoupling link is added.DC voltage
Ring is used to control the voltage of DC side in constant voltage charging phase, and output quantity is the reference quantity of DC side electric current, and the reference quantity is logical
It crosses an amplitude limit link and obtains the reference quantity for being ultimately delivered to DC current ring, it is maximum fair to ensure that DC side charging current does not exceed
Perhaps electric current.DC current ring output valve is the reference component of interior electric current loop d axis, the watt current for controlling Inductor,
And interior electric current loop q axis components control be then Inductor reactive current, for fast fill device, which is typically set to
0, if carrying out reactive-load compensation if necessary to the points of common connection (PCC) to fast charge station, then a reactive power can additionally be added
Ring makes it export corresponding Q shaft currents reference component.When AC/DC converters work, the controller of charging pile, which would generally issue, to be filled
Piezoelectric voltage is instructed to the controller of AC/DC converters.Wherein charging voltage instruction is usually the final voltage value (electricity of constant-voltage charge
Voltage, such as 400V in the full electricity of pond group highest), the value is by the reference quantity as direct current pressure ring.AC/DC converters, which receive, to be issued
Voltage instruction after, direct current pressure ring can attempt first by DC side output voltage stabilization constant-voltage charge voltage value.But work as
Power battery electricity is less when keeping its interior voltage relatively low (such as 250V), and charging current may only be more than maximum allowable charging electricity
Stream could generate enough pressure drops to balance the constant-voltage output of AC/DC converters on the internal resistance of cell.At this point, direct current pressure ring
The amplitude limit link of outlet side will limit the current reference of DC current ring, it is made to be no more than constant-current charge electric current.In such case
Under, AC/DC would operate in constant current charging mode, and its actual output voltage is equal to the sum of voltage and charging current pressure drop in battery
And it is instructed less than charging voltage.When power battery electricity increases, interior voltage also increases, when interior voltage is close to constant-voltage charge
When voltage instruction (such as 400V), the output current reference quantity of direct current pressure ring can be then gradually reduced, and less than the perseverance of amplitude limit link
Galvanic electricity flow valuve, at this time AC/DC would operate in constant-voltage charge pattern, charger output voltage is instructed equal to constant pressure, and charging current is not
It is disconnected to reduce until power battery electricity is completely filled with.
The secondary side voltage of distribution transformer is specified using nonstandard 176V, is the DC voltage change range according to AC/DC
Rational choice is carried out, to meet the minimum voltage requirement of its active rectification.May be since AC/DC DC voltages are minimum
250V, it is therefore desirable to which the AC side line voltage peaks of AC/DC are less than 250V, then the voltage of Circuit Fault on Secondary Transformer should be set as 176V or summary
It is low.
The harmonic pollution of power grid in order to prevent, national standard are to have strict demand to the percent harmonic distortion of electrically-charging equipment grid-connected current
, it is generally the case that AC/DC converters can keep the current sinusoidal of its side AC.Since there are harmonic distortions for network voltage, at this time
The sides AC of AC/DC will be with the presence of harmonic power, and generates harmonic current in the charging current of the sides DC.Harmonic wave electricity in order to prevent
It flows into electric automobile power battery, the DC/DC in the present embodiment will absorb the harmonic current.
There are many option, the topological structures of any achievable bidirectional power flow to be applicable in for the topological structure of DC/DC converters
In this situation.To simplify the explanation, the present embodiment chooses topology of the half-bridge of bidirectional power as DC/DC converters, such as Fig. 7 institutes
Show.The low-pressure side of DC/DC converters is connected with the DC bus of charging pile, and only there are one capacitances to exist for high-pressure side.Pass through control
Harmonic current on DC bus is absorbed into capacitance by DC/DC converters, and control block diagram is as shown in Figure 8.The controller is first
First the current-order of capacitance voltage stability contorting outer shroud is exported and is added with the output of harmonic current extraction link, then passes through one
A current inner loop come realize harmonic current compensation and maintain capacitance voltage stablize electric current output order.In harmonic current link,
Controller can acquire the whole electric currents exported by AC/DC on charging pile common DC bus, which passes through a low-pass filtering
Device extracts DC component, then instantaneous value and DC component are subtracted each other, and finally obtains the harmonic component of charging current, as interior electricity
Flow a part for ring given value.And another part given value is generated by capacitance voltage ring, with the electricity of stable regulation downstream lateral capacitance
Pressure value (voltage value for being higher than charging pile common DC bus).In the present embodiment, the given value and instantaneous value of capacitance voltage ring
After making difference, error amount is sent into the PI controllers of Voltage loop, and another of the interior electric current loop of generation is given.Two electric currents export given value
The given value of current inner loop will be obtained after addition, which is sent into inner ring PI controllers compared with instantaneous value, final real
Now to the control of DC/DC converter inductive currents.In this control mode, DC/DC will absorb the harmonic wave electricity exported by AC/DC
Stream, so that the stability into the charging current of electric automobile power battery group meets standard《Q/GDW 1233—2014
The off-board charger General Requirement of electric vehicle》In 6.12 regulation.
The experimental prototype test waveform of fast charging system described in the present embodiment is as shown in Figure 9.Four waveforms divide from top to bottom
Not Wei in DC/DC harmonic wave downstream side capacitance voltage, the whole electric currents exported by AC/DC on charging pile DC bus, electronic vapour
The inductive current of the final charging current of vehicle power battery pack and DC/DC.As can be seen that the case where network voltage distorts
Under, there are a large amount of harmonic waves for the sides the DC electric current of AC/DC outputs, and DC/DC can effectively absorb harmonic current, and battery is kept to fill
Electric current it is steady.
Embodiment two：One electric vehicle direct current charge stake has tens to hundreds of kilowatt of power, different automobile types
Maximum charge power is not quite similar, in order to realize the flexible configuration of power, the present embodiment multiple single-stage AC/DC converters parallel connection
As shown in Figure 10, it is only connected in parallel on the common DC bus of charging pile with a low power DC/DC herein, it is all for absorbing
The harmonic current of AC/DC converters output in parallel.When multiple single-stage AC/DC parallel connections, need its respectively exchange side isolation.This
When direct current charge station in 10kV distribution transformers use with multiple low-pressure secondary sides winding transformer, secondary side winding
Voltage is that 176V is specified or slightly lower.The primary side of transformer is still connect with middle pressure 10kV power distribution networks, each independent secondary side
Winding is connected with the exchange side of an AC/DC module, and the DC side parallel of multiple AC/DC modules is linked into charging pile DC bus
On, the common fast charge for realizing electric vehicle.This embodiment can also use one smaller DC/ of each single-stage AC/DC parallel connections
DC converters establish one's own system, and the mode for then carrying out overall parallel connection again is as shown in figure 11.
Compared with prior art, the present invention having the prominent advantages that in the application of this specific implementation mode：
Existing AC/DC and the concatenated stage type charging systems of DC/DC are reduced to single stage type AC/DC to convert, greatly simplified
The structure of system, has saved the construction cost of system while promoting fast charge efficiency.In the fast charging system of traditional stage type,
DC/DC needs to use identical power grade with AC/DC, not only increases the additional power conversion of level-one, also increases one
The cost of power inverter.Fast charging system described in the present embodiment, it is only necessary to which AC/DC carries out level-one power conversion, effectively carries
Rise the efficiency of fast charge；And DC/DC is only used for absorbing the harmonic current of fraction, therefore the power grade of DC/DC is far smaller than more
The overall power grade of platform parallel connection AC/DC does not influence the overall cost of system substantially.
On the other hand, present invention employs the forms of more AC/DC converter parallel connections to realize fast charge.Due to different automobile types
Battery size is different from capacity, and also different from, unification build powerful fast charge stake to the maximum fast charge power that can bear
It will cause the waste of resource.And the system structure of small module A C/DC parallel connections of the present invention can flexible combination according to demand
AC/DC converters, and assign it on the DC bus of each charging pile body, it realizes the flexible configuration of output power, reduces
The waste of resource, and the phenomenon that reduce the idleness of equipment.
Finally illustrate, preferred embodiment above is only to illustrate the technical solution of invention and unrestricted, although passing through
Above preferred embodiment is described in detail the present invention, however, those skilled in the art should understand that, can be in shape
Various changes are made in formula and to it in details, without departing from claims of the present invention limited range.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of efficient electric vehicle direct current charge system, it is characterised in that：The system includes the pile body of direct current charge stake
With output DC bus, AC/DC converters, capacitance, distribution transformer and power grid；One end of the distribution transformer is connected to institute
Power grid is stated, the other end is connected to the ends AC of AC/DC converters, the ends DC and the electric vehicle direct current charge of the AC/DC converters
The output DC bus of stake is connected.
2. a kind of efficient electric vehicle direct current charge system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The system is also
Including DC/DC converters, one end of the DC/DC converters is connected with capacitance, and the other end and direct current charge stake output direct current are female
Line is connected and by controlling the low-order harmonic to absorb in AC/DC converter DC side output currents, to stable power-driven automobile
The charging current of battery.
3. a kind of efficient electric vehicle direct current charge system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The DC/
The non-isolated two-way DC/DC that DC converters are made of a half-bridge.
4. a kind of efficient electric vehicle direct current charge system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The DC/
The output of the current-order of capacitance voltage stability contorting outer shroud is extracted link by DC converters with harmonic current first by control
Output is added, and the electric current output then realized harmonic current compensation by a current inner loop and capacitance voltage is maintained to stablize refers to
It enables, the low-order harmonic in AC/DC converter DC side output currents is absorbed into the capacitance of the other sides DC/DC, so that
Charging current is stablized.
5. a kind of efficient electric vehicle direct current charge system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The AC/
The AC/DC converters for the bidirectional power flow that DC converters are made of three phase full bridge current transformer and Three-phase electric-wave filter.
6. a kind of efficient electric vehicle direct current charge system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The AC/
The AC/DC converters for the unidirectional power stream that DC converters are made of three-phase Vienna rectifier.
7. a kind of efficient electric vehicle direct current charge system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The AC/
It is additionally provided with contactor between the ends DC and the output DC bus of electric vehicle direct current charge stake of DC converters.
8. a kind of efficient electric vehicle direct current charge system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The distribution
The voltage class of high voltage side of transformer is 35kV or 10kV；It, will be low simultaneously by the reasonable selection of the no-load voltage ratio of its secondary side winding
Side three-phase alternating voltage is pressed to reduce, so that the DC side output of AC/DC converters meets mainstream batteries of electric automobile group voltage
The minimum voltage of variation range, to realize that DC output voltage from low to high is adjusted.
9. a kind of efficient electric vehicle direct current charge system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The distribution
Transformer is Three-Phase Distribution Transformers, the low-pressure secondary side three-phase output with multigroup independent winding, and each group three-phase low-voltage
It is mutually isolated between secondary side winding.
10. a kind of efficient electric vehicle direct current charge system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The AC/
DC converters carry out multiple parallel connections to realize larger fast charge power；One stand-alone power distribution transformer of each AC/DC independent connection
Three-phase alternating current low-pressure side, or exported by multiple independent low-pressure secondary side three-phases of distribution transformer and powered to each AC/DC；
DC/DC can be parallel-connected to the DC side output of each AC/DC with one-to-one mode, can also be with single DC/DC simultaneously
Connection is connected on the direct current output busbar of multiple AC/DC parallel connections.
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| CN113839572A (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2021-12-24 | 易事特集团(河南)有限公司 | Rectifier module and high-voltage direct-current power supply system |
| CN113839572B (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2024-05-28 | 易事特储能科技有限公司 | Rectifying module and high-voltage direct-current power supply system |
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Application publication date: 20180914 |