CN112014793A - Two-dimensional direction finding system and method based on directional diagram reconfigurable antenna array - Google Patents
Two-dimensional direction finding system and method based on directional diagram reconfigurable antenna array Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
- G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
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Abstract
The invention provides a two-dimensional direction finding system and a two-dimensional direction finding method based on a directional diagram reconfigurable antenna array, wherein the two-dimensional direction finding system comprises the following steps: the antenna comprises a directional diagram reconfigurable antenna array, a radio frequency switch module, a receiving radio frequency channel module, a signal processing module (8), a control module (9) and a driving module (10); the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna array is connected with the radio frequency switch module; the radio frequency switch module is connected with the radio frequency receiving channel module; the receiving radio frequency channel module is connected with the signal processing module (8); the control module (9) is respectively connected with the radio frequency switch module and the driving module (10); the driving module (10) is connected with the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna array. The invention realizes two-dimensional direction finding by using the two-unit directional diagram reconfigurable antenna, and reduces the complexity and cost of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antenna engineering, in particular to a two-dimensional direction finding system and method based on a directional diagram reconfigurable antenna array.
Background
The direction finding technology is widely applied to the fields of mobile communication, navigation, electronic reconnaissance and the like. Typical direction finding methods include amplitude comparison, phase comparison (coherent direction finding), spatial spectrum estimation, and the like. The methods all need to use a plurality of (more than or equal to 3) antenna units to carry out two-dimensional direction finding, and have the advantages of complex hardware structure, large volume and high cost.
The traditional amplitude-comparison direction finding method can judge the direction of a target by utilizing two identical beams which are partially overlapped with each other and comparing the strength of received signals of the two beams, and can estimate the size of a target angle by a table look-up method. The method typically estimates the incident signal azimuth or pitch angle using a pre-constructed one-dimensional table. However, the amplitude difference of the received signals of different antennas is related to both the azimuth and the elevation of the incident signal. Therefore, this method has a limited direction finding accuracy and cannot perform two-dimensional high-accuracy direction finding. Through the literature search, the article "Wideband Antenna Systems for Millimeter-Wave Amplitude-Only Direction pointing" published in the IEEE Transaction on Antennas and Propagation journal by David Garrido Lopez et al 2018 proposes a two-unit radial Direction Finding method based on obliquely-placed Antennas. The disadvantages are that only one-dimensional direction finding can be realized, and the volume of the antenna array is large.
Patent document CN103439686A discloses a single-channel radio one-dimensional direction finding system based on a two-unit linear array, which utilizes two periodically switched antenna units controlled by a high-speed radio frequency switch to analyze the frequency spectrum of a received signal, thereby realizing the measurement of a target angle. Patent document CN107861095A discloses a single-channel two-dimensional direction finding system based on a four-unit circular array, which utilizes a single-pole four-throw radio frequency switch to periodically switch on four antenna units, and analyzes the frequency spectrum of a received signal to realize measurement of a target angle. The method has the disadvantages that 4 antenna units are needed to realize two-dimensional direction finding, and the complexity, cost and volume of the system are increased. Both patents still leave room for improvement in structure and performance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a two-dimensional direction finding system and a two-dimensional direction finding method based on a directional diagram reconfigurable antenna array.
The invention provides a two-dimensional direction finding system based on a directional diagram reconfigurable antenna array, which comprises: the antenna comprises a directional diagram reconfigurable antenna array, a radio frequency switch module, a receiving radio frequency channel module, a signal processing module 8, a control module 9 and a driving module 10; the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna array is connected with the radio frequency switch module; the radio frequency switch module is connected with the radio frequency receiving channel module; the receiving radio frequency channel module is connected with the signal processing module 8; the control module 9 is respectively connected with the radio frequency switch module and the driving module 10; the driving module 10 is connected with the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna array.
Preferably, the radio frequency speed of the radio frequency switch module is greater than a set threshold.
Preferably, the pattern reconfigurable antenna array includes: the directional diagrams of the two units can be reconstructed into the antenna; the unit spacing of the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna array is 0.74 lambda0(ii) a The antenna element size is 0.74 lambda0×0.7λ0Wherein, in the step (A),
is the free space wavelength value corresponding to the fundamental component, c is the speed of light, f0Is the working frequency;
preferably, the radio frequency switch module includes: a single-pole double-throw radio frequency switch 2;
the single-pole double-throw radio frequency switch 2 can periodically select different antenna units to receive signals and feed the signals into a receiving radio frequency channel.
Preferably, the receiving radio frequency channel module includes: an amplifier 3, a mixer 4, a low-pass filter 5, an analog-to-digital converter 6, and a local oscillator 7;
the amplifiers 3 are connected in sequence;
the noise of the amplifier 3 is less than a set threshold;
the local oscillator 7 is connected with the frequency mixer 4;
the receiving radio frequency channel module amplifies the intensity of an incident signal, down-converts a radio frequency signal to an intermediate frequency and converts the radio frequency signal into a digital signal;
the signal processing module 8 firstly performs frequency spectrum analysis on a fundamental component and a first harmonic component of a digital domain received signal when the directivity pattern reconstruction antenna array works in an axial mode, and estimates a pitch angle of an incident signal;
then, when the antenna array for reconstructing the azimuth pattern works in the directional pattern, the amplitude difference of signals received by the two antenna units is calculated, and the azimuth angle of an incident signal is estimated by table lookup;
the control module 9 controls the periodical on and off of the single-pole double-throw radio frequency switch and the output voltage of the driving module 10 by outputting a logic signal;
the driving module 10 outputs different voltages according to different logic signals input by the control module 9, changes the bias voltage of the varactor diode, further adjusts the working state of the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna, and realizes switching between different beam directions.
Preferably, the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna array is placed along the z-axis;
the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna array can perform directional diagram reconfiguration in an azimuth plane, the directional diagram reconfigurable antennas of the two units work in a directional mode when azimuth measurement is performed, the beam directions of the directional diagram reconfigurable antennas of the two units are respectively deviated from the axial direction of the antenna, and the beam directions are opposite
And
when the pitch angle is measured, the first directional diagram reconfigurable antenna and the second directional diagram reconfigurable antenna work in an axial mode, and the wave beam directions of the first directional diagram reconfigurable antenna and the second directional diagram reconfigurable antenna point to the axial direction.
Preferably, the signal processing module 8 measures a pitch angle when the pattern reconfigurable antenna operates in the axial mode, and a specific calculation formula thereof is as follows:
wherein λ is0Is the free space wavelength value corresponding to the fundamental component, d is the distance between the antenna elements, alpha0Is the Fourier coefficient of the fundamental wave, alpha1Is the fourier coefficient of the first harmonic;
measuring azimuth angle when the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna works in a directional mode, inputting incident signals received by the two antenna units to the signal processing module 8 through the receiving radio frequency channel after passing through the single-pole double-throw radio frequency switch in sequence, and calculating to obtain amplitude difference of signals received by the two antennas
Acquiring an azimuth angle corresponding to the amplitude difference delta G according to a pre-established two-dimensional amplitude comparison table and the pitch angle theta calculated in the step S1
The above-mentioned
Calculated by the following expression:
wherein
Representing the azimuth and elevation angles of the incident signal,
represents the gain value of the first direction reconfigurable antenna in the incident signal direction,
and the gain value of the second directional diagram reconfigurable antenna in the incident signal direction is represented.
According to the two-dimensional direction finding method based on the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna array, the two-dimensional direction finding system based on the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna array is adopted, and the method comprises the following steps:
step S1, adjusting the working state of the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna of the two units into an axial mode;
incident signals received by the directional diagram reconfigurable antennas of the two units are modulated by a single-pole double-throw radio frequency switch to generate fundamental wave components and harmonic wave components, and the fundamental wave components and the harmonic wave components are fed into a signal processing module 8 through a receiving radio frequency channel to be subjected to Fourier transform, so that Fourier coefficients of fundamental waves and harmonic waves can be obtained;
finally, the incident signal pitch angle θ is calculated by the following expression:
wherein λ is0Is the free space wavelength value corresponding to the fundamental component, d is the distance between the antenna elements, alpha0Is the Fourier coefficient of the fundamental wave, alpha1Is the fourier coefficient of the first harmonic;
the two-unit directional diagram reconfigurable antenna comprises: the antenna comprises a first directional diagram reconfigurable antenna and a second directional diagram reconfigurable antenna;
step S2: the working mode of the first direction reconfigurable antenna is adjusted to be a directional mode, and the wave beam is directed to be
Adjusting the working mode of the second directional diagram reconfigurable antenna to a directional mode, wherein the wave beam is directed to
At the moment, the wave beams of the first directional diagram reconfigurable antenna and the second directional diagram reconfigurable antenna respectively point to opposite directions;
incident signals received by the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna of the two units
And
sequentially passes through the single-pole double-throw radio frequency switch and is input into the signal processing module 8 through the receiving radio frequency channel, and two signals are obtained through calculationAmplitude difference of received signal of directional diagram reconfigurable antenna of unit
Acquiring an azimuth angle corresponding to the amplitude difference delta G according to a pre-established two-dimensional amplitude comparison table and the pitch angle theta calculated in the step S1
Preferably, the step S2 includes:
step S2.1:
calculated by the following expression:
wherein
Representing the azimuth and elevation angles of the incident signal,
represents the gain value of the first direction reconfigurable antenna in the incident signal direction,
and the gain value of the second directional diagram reconfigurable antenna in the incident signal direction is represented.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention realizes two-dimensional direction finding by using the two-unit directional diagram reconfigurable antenna, and reduces the complexity and cost of the system.
2. According to the invention, the pitch angle of the incident signal is measured independently of the azimuth angle of the incident signal, so that the measurement precision of the pitch angle is improved.
3. According to the invention, the measured pitch angle and the pre-constructed two-dimensional amplitude comparison table are utilized, so that the azimuth angle corresponding to the measured amplitude difference can be accurately obtained, and the direction-finding precision of the amplitude comparison method is improved.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
fig. 1 is a basic structure block diagram of a two-dimensional direction finding system based on a directional diagram reconfigurable antenna array according to the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the spatial position and coordinate system definition of the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna array of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the elevation plane of two antenna units operating in axial mode (beam pointing 0) according to an embodiment of the present invention
A gain directional pattern;
fig. 4 shows the gain patterns of the azimuth plane (θ ═ 0 °) when two antenna units operate in the directional mode (beam pointing ± 30) according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a gain difference curve of different elevation planes (θ ═ 40 °,0 °, and 40 °) when two antenna units operate in the directional mode (beam pointing ± 30) according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 shows the direction-finding error when two antenna units are working in the directional mode (beam pointing ± 30) to perform two-dimensional measurement of the pitch angle and the azimuth angle according to the embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: the antenna comprises a directional diagram reconfigurable antenna array 1, a single-pole double-throw high-speed radio frequency switch 2, a low-noise amplifier 3, a frequency mixer 4, a low-pass filter 5, an analog-to-digital converter 6, a local oscillator 7, a signal processing module 8, a control module 9 and a driving module 10.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a two-dimensional direction finding system based on a directional diagram reconfigurable antenna array includes a directional diagram reconfigurable antenna array, a high-speed radio frequency switch module, a receiving radio frequency channel module, a signal processing module, a control module, and a driving module. The receiving radio frequency channel module comprises a low noise amplifier 3, a mixer 4, a low pass filter 5, an analog-digital converter 6 and a local oscillator 7 connected with the mixer 4. The directional diagram reconfigurable antenna array 1 is connected with a single-pole double-throw radio frequency switch 2, the single-pole double-throw radio frequency switch 2 is connected with a low noise amplifier 3, the low noise amplifier 3 is connected with a frequency mixer 4, the frequency mixer 4 is simultaneously connected with a low-pass filter 5 and a local oscillator 7, the low-pass filter 5 is connected with an analog-to-digital converter 6, the analog-to-digital converter 6 is connected with a signal processing module 8, the control module 9 is simultaneously connected with a high-speed radio frequency switch module 2 and a driving module 10, and the driving module 10 is connected with the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna array 1;
further, the pattern reconfigurable antenna array comprises a two-element pattern reconfigurable antenna array 1. The antenna unit is a directional diagram reconstruction antenna loaded with a variable capacitance diode, and the size of the antenna unit is 0.74 lambda0×0.7λ0The beam pointing and the scanning of the zero point of the directional diagram can be realized by adjusting the capacitance value of the variable capacitance diode. The antenna element spacing is 0.74 lambda0And the directional diagram can be reconstructed in the azimuth plane by arranging along the z axis. When azimuth angle measurement is carried out, the first directional diagram reconfigurable antenna and the second directional diagram reconfigurable antenna work in a directional mode, the beam directions of the first directional diagram reconfigurable antenna and the second directional diagram reconfigurable antenna are respectively deviated from the axial direction of the antenna, and the beam directions are opposite
And
when the pitch angle is measured, the first directional diagram reconfigurable antenna and the second directional diagram reconfigurable antenna work in an axial mode, and the wave beam directions of the first directional diagram reconfigurable antenna and the second directional diagram reconfigurable antenna point to the axial direction.
Further, when the pitch angle measurement is performed, the single-pole double-throw radio frequency switch 2 periodically selects different antenna units to receive signals and feeds the signals into a receiving radio frequency channel. The signal fed into the receiving RF channel not only comprises the original spectral components, but also comprises the switching frequency f of the RF switchpEach harmonic component generated for a period; when the azimuth angle is measured, the single-pole double-throw radio frequency switch 2 sequentially sends signals received by the first directional diagram reconfigurable antenna and the second directional diagram reconfigurable antenna to the signal processing module 8 through the receiving radio frequency channel;
further, when the directivity-pattern-reconstructed antenna array works in the axial mode, the signal processing module 8 firstly performs spectrum analysis on the fundamental component and the first harmonic component of the received signal, and estimates the pitch angle of the incident signal; then, when the antenna array for reconstructing the azimuth pattern works in the directional pattern, the amplitude difference of signals received by the two antenna units is calculated, and the azimuth angle of an incident signal is estimated by table lookup;
further, the control module 9 controls the single-pole double-throw rf switch to be periodically turned on and off and the output voltage of the driving module by outputting a logic signal. The driving module 10 outputs different voltages according to different logic signals input by the control module, changes the bias voltage of the variable capacitance diode, further adjusts the working state of the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna, and realizes switching between different beam directions.
The direction finding method of the two-dimensional direction finding system based on the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna array provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
and step S1, adjusting the working states of the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna and the second directional diagram reconfigurable antenna to be in an axial mode. Incident signals received by the first directional diagram reconfigurable antenna and the second directional diagram reconfigurable antenna are modulated by the single-pole double-throw radio frequency switch to generate fundamental wave components and harmonic wave components, and the fundamental wave components and the harmonic wave components are fed into the signal processing module through the receiving radio frequency channel to be subjected to Fourier transform, so that Fourier coefficients of fundamental waves and harmonic waves can be obtained. Finally, the incident signal pitch angle (θ) is calculated by the following expression:
wherein λ is0Is the free space wavelength value corresponding to the fundamental component, d is the distance between the antenna elements, alpha0Is the Fourier coefficient of the fundamental wave, alpha1Are the fourier coefficients of the first harmonic.
Step S2, the work mode of the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna is adjusted to be a directional mode, and the wave beam is directed to be
The work mode of the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna is adjusted to be a directional mode, and the wave beam is directed to be
At this time, the beams of the two antenna elements are directed in opposite directions, respectively. Incident signals received by the first directional diagram reconfigurable antenna and the second directional diagram reconfigurable antenna
And
sequentially passes through the single-pole double-throw radio frequency switch and is input into the signal processing module through the receiving radio frequency channel, and the amplitude difference of the signals received by the two antennas is obtained through calculation
Acquiring an azimuth angle corresponding to the amplitude difference deltaG according to a pre-established two-dimensional amplitude comparison table and the pitch angle (theta) calculated in the step S1
Calculated by the following expression:
wherein
Representing the azimuth and elevation angles of the incident signal,
represents the gain value of the first direction reconfigurable antenna in the incident signal direction,
and the gain value of the second directional diagram reconfigurable antenna in the incident signal direction is represented.
Embodiments of the present embodiment are further described below with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, in an embodiment, the two-dimensional direction finding system based on the pattern reconfigurable antenna array is composed of a pattern reconfigurable antenna array 1, a single-pole double-throw radio frequency switch 2, a radio frequency receiving channel module (including a low noise amplifier 3, a mixer 4, a low pass filter 5, an analog-to-digital converter 6 and a local oscillator 7), a signal processing module 8, a control module 9 and a driving module 10.
As shown in fig. 2, the first directional pattern reconfigurable antenna and the second directional pattern reconfigurable antenna are arranged along the z axis, the array element spacing is 87mm, the antenna radiation opening surface is perpendicular to the x axis, and the directional pattern reconfiguration can be performed in the azimuth plane.
Fig. 3 shows a pitching plane of a 2.55GHz frequency point working in an axial mode, which is obtained by simulation of a varactor-loaded directional diagram reconfigurable antenna and a second directional diagram reconfigurable antenna of an embodiment
The active gain pattern of (a). As can be seen from the figure, the directional diagrams of the two antenna units are basically consistent, and the requirement of the consistency of the directional diagrams when the pitching plane carries out direction finding can be met.
Fig. 4 shows an active gain pattern of an azimuth (θ ═ 0 °) when a 2.55GHz frequency point operates in a directional mode, which is obtained by simulation of the varactor-loaded pattern reconfigurable antenna and the second pattern reconfigurable antenna of the embodiment. As can be seen from the figure, the beam direction of the reconfigurable antenna of the first direction is +30 degrees, and the zero point direction is-30 degrees; the beam pointing direction of the second directional diagram reconfigurable antenna is-30 degrees, and the zero point pointing direction is +30 degrees. Both antennas are monotonic within + -30 deg. of the directional pattern curve.
Fig. 5 shows gain interpolation values of different azimuth planes (θ ═ 40 °,0 °, and +40 °) when 2.55GHz frequency points obtained by simulation of the varactor-loaded pattern reconfigurable antenna and the second pattern reconfigurable antenna of the embodiment operate in the directional mode
Curve line. As can be seen from the figures, it is,
not only with respect to azimuth but also with respect to pitch. Within the range of +/-30 degrees of azimuth angle, the gain difference value varies within +/-16.18 dB, has better linearity and is respectively
The corresponding gain differences are all unique.
Fig. 6 shows the angle measurement errors in the two-dimensional direction finding of the azimuth angle and the pitch angle obtained by simulation of the embodiment. The information source is a single-frequency signal, the carrier frequency is 2.55GHz, the signal-to-noise ratio of the channel is 10dB, and the angular resolution is 0.5 degree. It can be seen from the figure that the angle error is within 1.14 degrees when the pitch angle is measured.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (9)
1. A two-dimensional direction finding system based on a directional diagram reconfigurable antenna array is characterized by comprising: the antenna comprises a directional diagram reconfigurable antenna array, a radio frequency switch module, a receiving radio frequency channel module, a signal processing module (8), a control module (9) and a driving module (10);
the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna array is connected with the radio frequency switch module;
the radio frequency switch module is connected with the radio frequency receiving channel module;
the receiving radio frequency channel module is connected with the signal processing module (8);
the control module (9) is respectively connected with the radio frequency switch module and the driving module (10);
the driving module (10) is connected with the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna array.
2. The two-dimensional direction finding system based on the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna array according to claim 1, characterized in that the radio frequency speed of the radio frequency switch module is greater than a set threshold.
3. The two-dimensional direction finding system based on the pattern reconfigurable antenna array according to claim 1, wherein the pattern reconfigurable antenna array comprises: a two-unit directional pattern reconfigurable antenna (1);
the two-unit directional pattern reconfigurable antenna (1) comprises: the antenna comprises a first directional diagram reconfigurable antenna and a second directional diagram reconfigurable antenna;
the unit spacing of the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna array is 0.74 lambda0；
The antenna element size is 0.74 lambda0×0.7λ0Wherein, in the step (A),
is the free space wavelength value corresponding to the fundamental component, c is the speed of light, f0Is the operating frequency.
4. The two-dimensional direction finding system based on the pattern reconfigurable antenna array according to claim 1, wherein the radio frequency switch module comprises: a single-pole double-throw radio frequency switch (2);
the single-pole double-throw radio frequency switch (2) can periodically select different antenna units to receive signals and feed the signals into a receiving radio frequency channel.
5. The two-dimensional direction finding system based on the pattern reconfigurable antenna array according to claim 1, wherein the receiving radio frequency channel module comprises: an amplifier (3), a mixer (4), a low-pass filter (5), an analog-to-digital converter (6) and a local oscillator (7);
the amplifiers (3) are connected in sequence;
the noise of the amplifier (3) is less than a set threshold;
the local oscillator (7) is connected with the frequency mixer (4);
the receiving radio frequency channel module amplifies the intensity of an incident signal, down-converts a radio frequency signal to an intermediate frequency and converts the radio frequency signal into a digital signal;
the signal processing module (8) firstly carries out frequency spectrum analysis on a fundamental component and a first harmonic component of a digital domain received signal when the azimuth reconstruction antenna array works in an axial mode, and obtains a pitch angle estimated value of an incident signal;
then, when the azimuth reconstruction antenna array works in the directional mode, the amplitude difference of signals received by the two antenna units is calculated, and the estimated value of the azimuth of the incident signal is obtained;
the control module (9) controls the periodical opening and closing of the single-pole double-throw radio frequency switch and the output voltage of the driving module (10) through outputting logic signals;
the driving module (10) outputs different voltages according to different logic signals input by the control module (9), changes the bias voltage of the variable capacitance diode, and further adjusts the working state of the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna.
6. The two-dimensional direction finding system based on the pattern reconfigurable antenna array of claim 3, wherein the pattern reconfigurable antenna array is arranged along a z-axis;
the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna array can perform directional diagram reconfiguration in an azimuth plane, the directional diagram reconfigurable antennas (1) of the two units work in a directional mode when azimuth measurement is performed, the beam directions of the directional diagram reconfigurable antennas (1) of the two units are respectively deviated from the axial direction of the antennas, and the beam directions are opposite
And
when the pitch angle is measured, the first directional diagram reconfigurable antenna and the second directional diagram reconfigurable antenna work in an axial mode, and the wave beam directions of the first directional diagram reconfigurable antenna and the second directional diagram reconfigurable antenna point to the axial direction.
7. The two-dimensional direction finding system based on the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna array is characterized in that the signal processing module (8) measures the pitch angle when the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna works in the axial mode, and the specific calculation formula is as follows:
wherein λ is0Is the free space wavelength value corresponding to the fundamental component, d is the distance between the antenna elements, alpha0Is the Fourier coefficient of the fundamental wave, alpha1Is the fourier coefficient of the first harmonic;
the azimuth angle is measured when the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna works in a directional mode, incident signals received by the two antenna units are input to a signal processing module (8) through a receiving radio frequency channel sequentially through the single-pole double-throw radio frequency switch, and the amplitude difference of the signals received by the two antennas is obtained through calculation
Acquiring an azimuth angle corresponding to the amplitude difference deltaG according to a pre-established two-dimensional amplitude comparison table and the pitch angle (theta) calculated in the step S1
The above-mentioned
Calculated by the following expression:
wherein
Representing the azimuth and elevation angles of the incident signal,
represents the gain value of the first direction reconfigurable antenna in the incident signal direction,
and the gain value of the second directional diagram reconfigurable antenna in the incident signal direction is represented.
8. A two-dimensional direction finding method based on a directional diagram reconfigurable antenna array, characterized in that the two-dimensional direction finding system based on the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna array of any one of claims 1-7 is adopted, and comprises the following steps:
step S1, adjusting the working state of the two-unit directional pattern reconfigurable antenna (1) into an axial mode;
incident signals received by the directional diagram reconfigurable antennas (1) of the two units are modulated by a single-pole double-throw radio frequency switch to generate fundamental wave components and harmonic wave components, and the fundamental wave components and the harmonic wave components are fed into a signal processing module (8) through a receiving radio frequency channel to be subjected to Fourier transform, so that Fourier coefficients of fundamental waves and harmonic waves can be obtained;
finally, the incident signal pitch angle (θ) is calculated by the following expression:
wherein λ is0Is the free space wavelength value corresponding to the fundamental component, d is the distance between the antenna elements, alpha0Is the Fourier coefficient of the fundamental wave, alpha1Is the fourier coefficient of the first harmonic;
the two-unit directional pattern reconfigurable antenna (1) comprises: the antenna comprises a first directional diagram reconfigurable antenna and a second directional diagram reconfigurable antenna;
step S2: the working mode of the first direction reconfigurable antenna is adjusted to be a directional mode, and the wave beam is directed to be
Adjusting the working mode of the second directional diagram reconfigurable antenna to a directional mode, wherein the wave beam is directed to
At the moment, the wave beams of the first directional diagram reconfigurable antenna and the second directional diagram reconfigurable antenna respectively point to opposite directions;
incident signals received by the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna (1) of the two units
And
the signals are input to a signal processing module (8) through a receiving radio frequency channel sequentially through a single-pole double-throw radio frequency switch, and the amplitude difference of the received signals of the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna (1) of the two units is obtained through calculation
Acquiring an azimuth angle corresponding to the amplitude difference deltaG according to a pre-established two-dimensional amplitude comparison table and the pitch angle (theta) calculated in the step S1
9. The two-dimensional direction finding method based on the pattern reconfigurable antenna array according to claim 8, wherein the step S2 includes:
step S2.1:
calculated by the following expression:
wherein
Representing the azimuth and elevation angles of the incident signal,
represents the gain value of the first direction reconfigurable antenna in the incident signal direction,
and the gain value of the second directional diagram reconfigurable antenna in the incident signal direction is represented.
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