CN210465676U - Millimeter wave wide-angle beam scanning radar sensor - Google Patents

Millimeter wave wide-angle beam scanning radar sensor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN210465676U
CN210465676U CN201921160492.5U CN201921160492U CN210465676U CN 210465676 U CN210465676 U CN 210465676U CN 201921160492 U CN201921160492 U CN 201921160492U CN 210465676 U CN210465676 U CN 210465676U
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China
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radar sensor
antenna array
millimeter wave
beam scanning
antenna
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Inventor
张睿恒
易志明
陈元庆
李凡
朱利家
杨广立
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Suzhou Dufeng Technology Co.,Ltd.
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罗勇
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Abstract

The utility model relates to a millimeter wave wide-angle beam scanning radar sensor, which comprises an antenna module, a radio frequency transceiver module, a baseband module and an upper computer which are connected in sequence, wherein the antenna module comprises a wide-beam transceiver antenna array; the wide-beam transceiving antenna array comprises a transmitting antenna array and a receiving antenna array, wherein the transmitting antenna array and the receiving antenna array are both arrays based on antenna unit arrangement; the radio frequency receiving and transmitting module has a local oscillator signal frequency mixing function; the baseband module comprises a one-out-of-four switch. Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages of broadband, wide angle scanning, detection range are big, the detection precision is accurate.

Description

Millimeter wave wide-angle beam scanning radar sensor
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of the radar technique and specifically relates to a wide angle beam scanning radar sensor of millimeter wave is related to.
Background
With the development of 5G communication technology and car networking technology, advanced driving assistance systems are active safety technologies that utilize various sensors mounted on a car to identify, detect and track static and dynamic objects, so that a driver can perceive possible dangers in the fastest time to attract attention and improve safety. The K-band radar is mainly responsible for short-range detection in an advanced driving assistance system.
In a microwave millimeter wave radar system, in order to improve gain and improve the performance of the whole radar system, an antenna is often required to concentrate energy into a very narrow space to radiate the energy out so as to improve directivity, and therefore an array antenna is required. Since the beam width of the array antenna is very narrow, the detection range is expanded by the beam scanning capability.
The existing millimeter wave radar sensor and antenna array have the following defects:
1) the wave beam width of an antenna array element used by the existing radar sensor is narrow, and wide-angle scanning and high gain are difficult to realize simultaneously;
2) the sweep frequency bandwidth of the existing K-band FMCW signal source is only 250 MHz;
3) the existing digital phased array receiving front-end circuit has a corresponding intermediate frequency part for receiving each path, and the complexity and the cost of the circuit are high.
In summary, the existing millimeter wave radar sensor cannot realize broadband wide-angle scanning with a small size, and therefore the detection range and the detection accuracy of the sensor are insufficient.
The utility model discloses a utility model patent of publication number CN102435981A discloses a radar transceiver is prevented crashing by 77GHz millimeter wave car, including antenna module, radio frequency module, signal processing module, peripheral hardware module and power module. The transmitting signal synthesizer and the filtering, amplifying and equalizing module of the signal processing module are connected with the radio frequency module; the branching unit of the radio frequency module is connected with the transmitting controller of the antenna module, and the multi-channel mixer is connected with the receiving controller; the display and alarm signal module and the digital signal processor module are respectively connected with the peripheral module. The antenna module works in a 77GHz millimeter wave frequency band by adopting a mode of combining a lens and an antenna, so that the stability and the sensitivity precision of a system are reliably ensured; the signal processing module ensures the accuracy of the sampling data and effectively improves the dynamic range of the signal; and the radio frequency module is designed by adopting the integrated module assembly, so that the high-precision angle measurement and the quick switching of the receiving antenna are realized.
The utility model has the following disadvantages: 1. the antenna module can only receive 77GHz millimeter wave frequency band; 2. the antenna module adopts a mode of combining the lens and the antenna, so that the occupied volume is large; 3. the signal processing module has a complicated circuit.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The object of the present invention is to provide a millimeter wave wide-angle beam scanning radar sensor for overcoming the defects of the prior art.
The purpose of the utility model can be realized through the following technical scheme:
a millimeter wave wide-angle beam scanning radar sensor comprises an antenna module, a radio frequency transceiver module, a baseband module and an upper computer which are connected in sequence, and is characterized in that the antenna module comprises a wide-beam transceiver antenna array; the wide-beam transceiving antenna array comprises a transmitting antenna array and a receiving antenna array, wherein the transmitting antenna array and the receiving antenna array are both arrays based on antenna unit arrangement.
Furthermore, the antenna unit comprises a patch, a floor and a feeder line, and the patch is arranged above the floor; the floor is provided with an H-shaped groove for fixing the feeder; the antenna unit is provided with a through hole penetrating the whole body, and the three surfaces of the patch are connected with the floor in a short circuit mode through the through hole.
Furthermore, the feeder lines of the antenna units in the transmitting antenna array and the receiving antenna array are connected in series.
Further, the scanning angle of the radar sensor is as follows: the width of the E-plane beam reaches +/-60 degrees, and the width of the H-plane beam reaches +/-45 degrees.
Further, the frequency range scanned by the radar sensor is 22.7-24.1 GHz.
Furthermore, the radio frequency transceiver module comprises a signal source, a four-way receiver and an intermediate frequency amplifier which are connected in sequence.
Further, the signal source comprises a phase-locked loop chip and a transmitting chip which are connected in sequence.
Furthermore, the four-way receiver is formed by two-way receiving chips in parallel, and the two-way receiving chips are chips with local oscillation signal frequency mixing functions.
Further, the baseband module comprises a front-end switch circuit, an analog-to-digital conversion circuit and an FPGA operation circuit which are sequentially connected, and the front-end switch circuit is provided with a four-out-of-four switch for combining four paths of signals.
Furthermore, the analog-to-digital conversion circuit is a chip with a super sampling function.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages of it is following:
(1) the utility model discloses wide wave beam receiving and dispatching antenna array carries out the array based on antenna element and arranges, forms equivalent magnetic dipole structure, and antenna and feed network can form double resonance structure simultaneously, have the advantage of broadband, wide angle scanning.
(2) The utility model discloses millimeter wave wide angle beam scanning radar sensor has realized that 60 detection range and frequency range are 22.7-24.1 GHz's broadband frequency sweep.
(3) The utility model discloses radio frequency transceiver circuit adopts zero intermediate frequency receiving technique, and front end switch circuit has adopted the time division multiplexing thought, selects a switch to close four ways received signal through four and is all the way, and the complexity and the cost of circuit reduce for original fourth, have reduceed radar sensor's volume greatly.
(4) The utility model discloses the cooperation of antenna module, radio frequency transceiver module and baseband module among the wide angle beam scanning radar sensor of millimeter wave to promote the SNR based on the principle of oversampling, realized-132 dBm's the sensitivity of receipt and 40 m's the biggest detection distance, detection range is big, the detection precision is accurate.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the millimeter wave wide-angle beam scanning radar sensor of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the antenna unit of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the feed line and the H-shaped groove in the antenna unit of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a diagram of a 1 × 4 transmit antenna array structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a top view of a 1 × 4 transmit antenna array structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a bottom view of a 1 × 4 transmit antenna array structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a 4 × 4 receiving antenna array structure diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a bottom view of a 4 × 4 receive antenna array structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a parameter diagram of an antenna S11 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is an E-plane pattern of a 1 × 4 transmit antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is an H-plane directional diagram of a 1 × 4 transmit antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a 0 ° directional diagram of the 4 × 4 receiving antenna array E plane according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 13 is a 20 ° directional diagram of the 4 × 4 receiving antenna array E plane according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 14 is an E-plane-20 ° directional diagram of a 4 × 4 receive antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 15 is a 40 ° directional diagram of an E-plane of a 4 × 4 receive antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 16 is an E-plane-40 ° directional diagram of a 4 × 4 receive antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 17 is a 60 ° directional diagram of the E-plane of the 4 × 4 receiving antenna array according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 18 is an E-plane-60 ° directional diagram of a 4 × 4 receive antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 19 is a schematic block diagram of a radio frequency transceiver module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 20 is a schematic block diagram of a baseband module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 21 is a schematic view of a remote target test according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 22 is a diagram illustrating the results of remote target testing according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 23 is a schematic view of a scene of a short-distance large-angle target test according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 24 is a result diagram of the short-distance wide-angle target test according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 25 is a result graph of single target velocity measurement according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 26 is a scene diagram of multi-target testing according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 27 is a result diagram of the multi-target test according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a millimeter wave wide-angle beam scanning radar sensor, which includes a wide beam transceiver antenna array, a radio frequency transceiver circuit, a baseband circuit, and an upper computer. The radar sensor uses local oscillation signals output by a high-performance FMCW signal source, a receiving and transmitting antenna of the radar sensor adopts a one-transmitting four-receiving architecture, and the receiving and transmitting antenna utilizes an equivalent magnetic current principle to realize the beam width of more than +/-60 degrees in a K wave band. Four paths of signals received by the antenna are mixed with local oscillator signals and then four paths of zero intermediate frequency signals are output, and the four paths of zero intermediate frequency signals enter the FPGA for high-speed real-time calculation after the four paths of signals are sampled by the high-speed ADC based on the super-sampling principle. The utility model discloses millimeter wave wide angle beam scanning radar sensor has realized 60 detection range to on the basis of circuit scale sharp subtraction 3/4, realized-132 dBm's the sensitivity of receipt and 40 m's the biggest detection distance. The sensitivity of the receiver is directly related to the detection distance of the whole system, and the minimum signal received by one receiver is calculated according to the following formula: pmin is kTBF, where K is 1.38 × 10-23J/K is boltzmann constant, T is 290K is noise temperature, B is noise bandwidth of the system, F is noise coefficient of the receiver, the noise of the system is uniformly dispersed on each discrete FFT point after FFT, and the noise bandwidth of each FFT point has the following relationship: b is 1/ts, ts is 1ms is the scanning period, and the minimum received signal of the system is-132 dBm by substituting the formula.
Compare existing millimeter wave radar sensor, millimeter wave wide angle beam scanning radar sensor has advantages such as broadband, wide angle scanning, detection range are big, detection precision is accurate, can satisfy the demand of vehicle net, the short-range detection radar among the senior driving assistance system.
The modules are described in detail below:
1. antenna module
The antenna module is a wide-beam transceiving antenna array, and the antenna module of the present embodiment adopts a single-transmission four-reception form, that is, includes a transmitting antenna array and four receiving antenna arrays, wherein the transmitting antenna array and the receiving antenna arrays are both arranged in an array manner based on antenna units,
as shown in fig. 2, the antenna unit is composed of a Patch (Patch) on the top layer, a floor (GND) provided with an H-shape slot (H-shape slot), a feeder (feeder) loaded with a T-shaped wire terminal, and a via hole (Vias) penetrating the whole and arranged on three sides of the Patch. The floor is used for circuit grounding. The paster on the top layer is connected with three sides of the floor through the via hole in a short circuit mode, and the paster and the floor form a semi-open cavity. As shown in fig. 3, the feeder is led in from an H-shaped groove on the floor and is fixedly connected with the floor. In fig. 3, the dimensions of the respective components are:
length and width of patch1Is 4.6mm, w1Is 2.6 mm;
length and width of H-shaped groove2Is 0.4mm, w21.7mm, length and width of the middle cross bar of the H-shaped groove3Is 0.1mm, w3Is 1.3 mm;
length and width l of end of H-shaped slot clamped by feeder line4Is 0.3mm, w41.9mm, feed line width l6Is 0.5mm;
Distance l from middle cross bar of H-shaped groove to end part of feeder line50.35 mm;
the radius r of the via holes is 0.1mm, and the distance d between the circle centers of the adjacent via holes is 0.4 mm.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the transmitting antenna array adopts a 1 × 4 antenna element subarray, and the feeder network adopts a series feeder form, so as to further reduce the beam width of the H-plane, improve the gain, and expand the bandwidth.
As shown in fig. 4, in the 1 × 4 antenna unit sub-array of the transmit antenna array, the patches of all the antenna units are fixedly mounted on the patch carrier, and three sides of each patch of each antenna unit are provided with via holes penetrating through the patch carrier and connected with the floor to short-circuit the three sides of the patch. The patch carrier is divided into two layers which are tightly connected, in this embodiment, the upper layer is made of RO4350, and the lower layer is made of RO 4450. The feeder of the transmitting antenna array is fixedly mounted on the feeder carrier, and in this embodiment, the material of the feeder carrier is RO 4350.
As shown in fig. 8, the receiving antenna array employs 41 × 4 sub-arrays of antenna elements in the E-plane direction, the 4 sub-arrays are arranged at a distance (d) of 6mm, and the beam scanning effect at each angle is achieved by controlling the phase of the ports. The feeder network of each antenna unit subarray adopts a series feeder form and outputs four paths of signals respectively.
As shown in fig. 7, the receiving antenna array includes 4 sub-arrays of 1 × 4 antenna units, the patches of all the antenna units are fixedly mounted on the patch carrier, and three sides of each patch of each antenna unit are provided with via holes penetrating through the patch carrier and connected to the floor to short-circuit the three sides of the patch. The patch carrier is divided into two layers which are tightly connected, in this embodiment, the upper layer is made of RO4350, and the lower layer is made of RO 4450. The feeder of the transmitting antenna array is fixedly mounted on the feeder carrier, and in this embodiment, the material of the feeder carrier is RO 4350.
As shown in FIG. 9, the frequency range of the broadband frequency sweep of the transmitting antenna array and the receiving antenna array is 22.7-24.1 GHz.
In this embodiment, the resonant point of the antenna may be designed to be 24.1GHz, and the resonant frequency point of the feed network may be designed to be 23.5GHz, so that a dual-resonance broadband is formed.
The E-plane direction and H-plane pattern of the transmitting antenna array are shown in fig. 10 and 11, respectively. The different angle patterns of the E face of the receive antenna array are shown in fig. 12-18.
2. Radio frequency transceiver module
As shown in fig. 19, the rf transceiver module includes a signal source, a four-way receiver, and an intermediate frequency amplifier (THS 4524).
The signal source is provided with a frequency converter, a phase-locked loop chip (PLL ADF4158), a transmitting chip (BGT24MTR11) and a balun which are connected in sequence and used for generating continuous phase-locked waves swept within a certain frequency range. The signal source adopted in the embodiment is a high-performance FMCW signal source.
The four-way receiver is formed by two-way receiving chips (BGT24MR2) in parallel and is used for receiving and processing four-way signals to obtain four-way zero intermediate frequency signals. The four paths of zero intermediate frequency signals are obtained specifically as follows: and respectively mixing the local oscillator signals and the four paths of signals to obtain four paths of zero intermediate frequency signals.
An intermediate frequency amplifier (pre-mid-amplifier, THS4524) is used to amplify the four paths of zero intermediate frequency signals.
When in operation, the transmitting end of the radio frequency transceiving module: the frequency converter generates a signal (f)ref) After sequentially entering a phase-locked loop chip, a transmitting chip and a balun, obtaining a transmitting signal (TxANT), and sending the transmitting signal (TxANT) to a transmitting antenna array;
receiving end of the radio frequency transceiver module: two parallel double-path receiving chips respectively receive two groups of input signals: the radio frequency transceiver module comprises RxANT1, RxANT2, RxANT1 and RxANT1, and a local oscillator signal which is generated by a transmitting end of the radio frequency transceiver module and amplified by a power amplifier. The receiving chip pair respectively adopts local oscillation signals to mix frequency with the four paths of signals to obtain four paths of zero intermediate frequency signals, then the intermediate frequency amplifier amplifies the four paths of zero intermediate frequency signals, and finally the amplified signals are sent to the baseband module.
3. Baseband module
The baseband module comprises a front-end switch circuit, an analog-to-digital conversion circuit, an FPGA (field programmable gate array) operation circuit and a protocol conversion chip which are sequentially connected, wherein the front-end switch circuit comprises a fully differential operation amplifier and a one-out-of-four switch for combining four paths of signals; the analog-to-digital conversion circuit improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal based on the oversampling principle and converts the analog signal into a digital signal; the FPGA arithmetic circuit is used for calculating the digital signal, acquiring distance, speed and angle information of a target and transmitting the information to the upper computer through the protocol conversion chip.
As shown in fig. 20, the amplified four zero if signals are four orthogonal differential signals, i.e. four complex signals, each of which includes I, Q two parts in quadrature, and I, Q is transmitted by a pair of differential lines, which are 16 lines in total.
In this embodiment, the one-out-of-four switch is a two-way double-pole four-throw switch (TMUX1109), the analog-to-digital conversion circuit is an analog-to-digital conversion chip (ADC, LTC2292), and the FPGA operation circuit is an FPGA (X7a 35T).
When the differential amplifier operates, the amplified four paths of zero intermediate frequency signals are combined into one path of orthogonal differential signals (4 lines in total) of time division multiplexing through two paths of double-pole four-throw switches, and the orthogonal differential signals are sent to a fully differential operational amplifier (THS4552) for differential amplification. The amplified signals are sent to an analog-to-digital conversion chip to be converted into digital signals, and the obtained discrete data are read and processed by the FPGA and then converted into data packets of a USB protocol by a protocol conversion chip (a USB communication chip, FT2232) and sent to an upper computer.
4. Upper computer
In the embodiment, the upper computer receives a data packet of the USB protocol, and draws and displays the distance, speed and angle information of a target; and the running states of the radio frequency circuit and the baseband circuit are controlled through communication.
This embodiment still is equipped with right the utility model discloses millimeter wave wide angle beam scanning radar sensor's test experiment, include as follows:
as shown in fig. 21 and 22, for adopting the utility model discloses time domain echo signal waveform and the range finding result after handling when radar sensor surveys remote target can see that there is a stronger echo signal spectral line between 35m to 36m, and the distance of target is probably about 35m this moment, and the echo signal that is 19 m's position in the distance is the echo signal of the outer machine of air conditioner on the wall of left side in the picture, and remaining clutter is the echo of targets such as right side greenbelt.
As shown in fig. 23 and 24, for the utility model discloses time domain echo signal waveform and the range finding result after handling when radar sensor surveys closely wide-angle target can see when target and radar transmission direction are and are close 60 angles, still can observe great target echo on the screen, and the detection range who explains this radar can reach 60.
As shown in fig. 25, the velocity measurement result is obtained when the backward movement of a person is present in the detection area of the radar sensor of the present invention. The upper two drawing areas are radar time domain echo signals in a sweep frequency rising stage and a sweep frequency falling stage respectively, signals after FFT of the two drawing areas are drawn in the lower drawing area respectively, and the target speed information can be obtained through conversion by comparing the difference value of peak values after two times of FFT.
As shown in fig. 26 and 27, as a result of the multi-target test performed by the radar sensor of the present invention, the targets are two corner reflectors, respectively, and the equivalent RCS thereof is about 1m 2. The program characterizes the motion trajectory information of the object by continuously measuring the position information of the object over a period of time and rendering a two-dimensional image with respect to velocity and time. The two bright broken lines in the figure are the traces of the distance of the two objects with time, and there is a straight line parallel to the time axis at 31m, which shows that the distance of the object does not change with time, which is formed by the reflection of the distant background tree.
The foregoing has described in detail preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations can be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the teachings of the present invention without undue experimentation. Therefore, the technical solutions that can be obtained by a person skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning or limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concepts of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims (10)

1. A millimeter wave wide-angle beam scanning radar sensor comprises an antenna module, a radio frequency transceiver module, a baseband module and an upper computer which are connected in sequence, and is characterized in that the antenna module comprises a wide-beam transceiver antenna array; the wide-beam transceiving antenna array comprises a transmitting antenna array and a receiving antenna array, wherein the transmitting antenna array and the receiving antenna array are both arrays based on antenna unit arrangement.
2. A millimeter wave wide angle beam scanning radar sensor according to claim 1, wherein said antenna unit comprises a patch, a floor and a feeder, said patch being disposed above the floor; the floor is provided with an H-shaped groove for fixing the feeder; the antenna unit is provided with a through hole penetrating the whole body, and the three surfaces of the patch are connected with the floor in a short circuit mode through the through hole.
3. A millimeter wave wide angle beam scanning radar sensor according to claim 2, wherein the feed lines of the antenna elements of the transmit antenna array and the receive antenna array are connected in series.
4. A millimeter wave wide angle beam scanning radar sensor according to claim 1, wherein the radar sensor scans at: the width of the E-plane beam reaches +/-60 degrees, and the width of the H-plane beam reaches +/-45 degrees.
5. A millimeter wave wide angle beam scanning radar sensor according to claim 1, wherein said radar sensor scans in the frequency range of 22.7-24.1 GHz.
6. The millimeter wave wide-angle beam scanning radar sensor according to claim 1, wherein the radio frequency transceiver module comprises a signal source, a four-way receiver and an intermediate frequency amplifier which are connected in sequence.
7. The millimeter wave wide angle beam scanning radar sensor as recited in claim 6, wherein the signal source comprises a phase locked loop chip and a transmitting chip connected in series.
8. A millimeter wave wide angle beam scanning radar sensor according to claim 6, wherein said four-way receiver is formed by two-way receiving chips in parallel, and said two-way receiving chip is a chip with local oscillation signal mixing function.
9. The millimeter wave wide-angle beam scanning radar sensor according to claim 1, wherein the baseband module comprises a front-end switch circuit, an analog-to-digital conversion circuit and an FPGA operation circuit which are connected in sequence, and the front-end switch circuit is provided with a four-out-of-four switch for combining four signals.
10. The millimeter wave wide angle beam scanning radar sensor as recited in claim 9, wherein said analog to digital conversion circuit is a chip with oversampling capability.
CN201921160492.5U 2019-07-23 2019-07-23 Millimeter wave wide-angle beam scanning radar sensor Active CN210465676U (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112731297A (en) * 2020-12-15 2021-04-30 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 Millimeter wave radar structure, air conditioner and control method of air conditioner

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112731297A (en) * 2020-12-15 2021-04-30 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 Millimeter wave radar structure, air conditioner and control method of air conditioner
CN112731297B (en) * 2020-12-15 2024-03-15 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 Millimeter wave radar structure, air conditioner and control method of air conditioner

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