CN112013719B - Impact-resistant composite structure based on UHMWPE secondary hybrid weaving - Google Patents
Impact-resistant composite structure based on UHMWPE secondary hybrid weaving Download PDFInfo
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- CN112013719B CN112013719B CN202010718840.7A CN202010718840A CN112013719B CN 112013719 B CN112013719 B CN 112013719B CN 202010718840 A CN202010718840 A CN 202010718840A CN 112013719 B CN112013719 B CN 112013719B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/02—Plate construction
- F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
- F41H5/0442—Layered armour containing metal
- F41H5/0457—Metal layers in combination with additional layers made of fibres, fabrics or plastics
Abstract
The invention relates to an impact-resistant composite structure based on UHMWPE secondary hybrid weaving, and belongs to the technical field of protection and safety. The anti-impact composite structure comprises composite material plates, an aluminum alloy frame, a fiber braided fabric I and polyurethane soft glue, wherein the two composite material plates are respectively stuck on the upper surface and the lower surface of the aluminum alloy frame, and the fiber braided fabric I is laid in a cavity of the aluminum alloy frame and is filled and fixed by injecting the polyurethane soft glue. The invention overcomes the defects of large mass, inconvenient carrying and possibility of secondary damage of the existing anti-impact protection structure, adopts the protection structure design combining the fiber braided fabric, the aluminum alloy frame and the composite material plate, and has less mass, easier carrying, reduced time cost and improved protection performance under the same bulletproof standard.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an impact-resistant composite structure based on UHMWPE (Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fiber) secondary hybrid weaving, belonging to the technical field of protection and safety.
Background
The protective equipment for protecting the bullet and fragment impact is made of metal (such as steel, aluminum and the like), ceramic, fiber cloth and the like. The metal has the characteristics of high weight, high density, inconvenience in carrying and the like, and the protection of 'hard-on-hard' does not give too much buffering time to the projectile. Once the metal is broken, the back plate is easy to collapse, which causes the damage of secondary fragment killing. Although the ceramic has high hardness and low density, and can effectively reduce the mass of protective equipment, the ceramic is easy to break, so that the ceramic cannot be independently applied to protection. The fiber cloth has the characteristic of high strength in the fiber direction, but is easily extruded by bullets and is not suitable for impact protection of ball head bullets and tip bullets.
The traditional impact-resistant protective structure is mainly a single or composite protective structure. A unitary protective structure is a structure made of one material that maximizes the benefits of the material, but its disadvantages are also magnified. Like the traditional homogeneous metal protective structure, the structure has high hardness, but high density and poor toughness. The composite protective structure is formed by combining two or more materials, can make up for deficiencies of the materials and play a synergistic effect, and is mainly made of metal, ceramic, fiber cloth, liquid and other materials at present. However, the general composite protective structure is simple in lamination, and cannot exert respective advantages of materials to the maximum, so that the improvement range of the anti-elastic effect is small, the protective quality is improved, and the maneuverability is reduced.
The braided fabric is an important material for an impact-resistant protective structure, the raw materials are generally glass fiber, carbon fiber, aramid fiber and the like, and the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is generally used as a laminated board. In addition, the braided fabric structure of the traditional composite protective structure is woven by two-dimensional plain weave or twill weave. However, the two-dimensional fabric has a large difference between the two-dimensional three-dimensional fabric and the three-dimensional fabric, which are more novel in terms of surface density and thickness, the two-dimensional fabric has a poor impact resistance effect, and the single-layer protection effect is low, which affects the overall impact resistance effect of the composite protection structure.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides an impact-resistant composite structure based on UHMWPE secondary mixed weaving, wherein a fiber braided fabric in the composite structure is a secondary braided fabric formed by alternately stacking a two-dimensional three-way UHMWPE fabric and a three-dimensional orthogonal UHMWPE fabric which are connected together through UHMWPE yarns, so that the difficulty of extruding the fiber braided fabric by a projectile is effectively increased, and the impact resistance of the fiber braided fabric is improved; use with hollow aluminum alloy frame cooperation, can effectively reduce the quality of the composite construction that shocks resistance, can demonstrate better shock-absorbing capacity at the shot impact process moreover to broken production piece after having avoided metal direct collision shot produces the secondary damage to the personnel.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
The composite structure comprises a composite material plate, an aluminum alloy frame, a fiber braided fabric I and polyurethane soft rubber;
the composite material plate is prepared from a fiber braided fabric II and epoxy resin;
the aluminum alloy frame is of a hollow structure, and more than one cavity is processed in the aluminum alloy frame;
the fiber braided fabric I and the fiber braided fabric II are both prepared by the following method: weaving UHMWPE yarns (ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber yarns) to obtain a two-dimensional three-way UHMWPE fabric and a three-dimensional orthogonal UHMWPE fabric, then alternately stacking the two-dimensional three-way UHMWPE fabric and the three-dimensional orthogonal UHMWPE fabric together, then mutually picking up the UHMWPE yarns of two adjacent layers of fabrics, and weaving and connecting the two adjacent layers together by using the UHMWPE yarns; wherein, the diameter of the UHMWPE yarns for connection (namely the UHMWPE yarns for connecting two adjacent layers of fabrics) is larger than that of the UHMWPE yarns for weaving (namely the UHMWPE yarns for weaving the two-dimensional three-dimensional UHMWPE fabric and the three-dimensional orthogonal UHMWPE fabric);
the two composite material plates are respectively adhered to the upper surface and the lower surface of the aluminum alloy frame, and the fiber braided fabric I is laid in the cavity of the aluminum alloy frame and is filled and fixed by injecting polyurethane soft glue, so that the impact-resistant composite structure is formed.
Further, the thickness of the composite material plate is not less than 4mm, and preferably 4mm to 8 mm.
Further, the wall thickness of the aluminum alloy frame is preferably 2 mm-4 mm, and the wall thickness of the upper surface and the lower surface, the wall thickness of the left side surface and the right side surface and the wall thickness of the front side surface and the rear side surface can be unequal; when the number of the cavities is more than two, the wall thickness between the two cavities is preferably 2mm to 4 mm.
Further, the length × width of the cavity in the aluminum alloy frame is (40mm × 40mm) - (200mm × 200mm), and the height of the cavity is related to the thickness of the fiber woven fabric i.
Further, the diameter of the UHMWPE yarn for connection is 2mm to 3mm larger than the diameter of the UHMWPE yarn for weaving.
Further, the thickness of the fiber braided fabric I is related to factors such as the initial speed of a projectile, the size of the projectile, the bulletproof grade and the like, the number of layers of the two-dimensional three-way UHMWPE fabric and the three-dimensional orthogonal UHMWPE fabric in the fiber braided fabric I can be set according to requirements, and the thickness of the general fiber braided fabric I can be set within the range of 4 mm-20 mm.
Further, the fiber braided fabric I is laid in the cavity of the aluminum alloy frame, the gap between the fiber braided fabric I and the inner wall of the cavity is preferably 0-1 mm, namely the difference between the length and the width of the cavity and the length and the width of the fiber braided fabric I is 0-2 mm respectively.
Furthermore, the polyurethane soft adhesive with the viscosity of 2000cps to 4000cps is selected.
Has the advantages that:
(1) the fiber braided fabric mainly comprises a two-dimensional three-way UHMWPE fabric and a three-dimensional orthogonal UHMWPE fabric, under the condition of the same thickness, the surface density of the two-dimensional three-way fabric in unit thickness is increased compared with that of the two-dimensional fabric, and under the condition of the same surface density, the thickness of the three-dimensional orthogonal fabric is increased compared with that of the two-dimensional fabric, so that the impact resistance of the two-dimensional three-way fabric and the three-dimensional orthogonal fabric is superior to that of the common two-dimensional fabric; in addition, the fiber braided fabric is a secondary braided fabric obtained by connecting a two-dimensional three-way UHMWPE fabric and a three-dimensional orthogonal UHMWPE fabric which are alternately stacked together through UHMWPE yarns, the two-dimensional three-way UHMWPE fabric and the three-dimensional orthogonal UHMWPE fabric are not simply stacked together any more, the fiber braided fabric has certain integrity, the layering damage generated when a projectile impacts the fiber braided fabric is reduced, the difficulty of extruding the fiber braided fabric by the projectile can be increased by the alternate arrangement mode, and the impact resistance of the fiber braided fabric is improved.
(2) The fiber braided fabric is laid in the cavity of the aluminum alloy frame, the polyurethane soft glue is used for fixing, the flexible glue is used for filling the gap between the cavity and the fiber braided fabric, the friction between UHMWPE yarns can be increased, the penetrating influence of the fiber braided fabric caused by the extrusion opening effect of a projectile can be effectively prevented, meanwhile, the fiber braided fabric is also ensured not to generate relative sliding in the cavity of the aluminum alloy frame, longer buffer time can be reached, the fiber braided fabric is enabled to achieve the maximum deformation, and the optimal impact resistance is exerted.
(3) The reinforced material of the composite material plate is made of fiber fabric woven by ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene for the second time, the matrix is made of epoxy resin, the tensile modulus of the composite material plate is higher than that of metal (aluminum alloy and steel) commonly used for an anti-impact structure, the strength of the composite material plate is similar, but the surface density of the composite material plate is smaller, the composite material plate can replace the metal to a certain extent, the quality of the composite protective structure can be effectively reduced, and the anti-impact performance is not influenced.
(4) In the composite structure, the composite material plate positioned on one surface of the aluminum alloy frame is used as a direct bullet-facing layer, the main function is to reduce the initial impact speed of the bullet, and the problem of poor bulletproof effect of the metal layer as the bullet-facing layer is also avoided; the aluminum alloy frame is used as a secondary protective layer, on one hand, the aluminum alloy frame is used for supporting and protecting the fiber braided fabric, the fiber braided fabric is prevented from being squeezed open by the shot as far as possible, the fixing effect is achieved, meanwhile, the stress area of the other surface of the aluminum alloy frame, which is far away from the shot-facing layer, is increased, metal tensile tearing can be generated, fragment collapse can be reduced, and on the other hand, the impact speed of the shot is continuously reduced, and the impact resistance effect is achieved; the fiber braided fabric filled in the aluminum alloy frame mainly acts to consume the kinetic energy of the projectile and prevent the splashing of the plug, the fragment and the like of the aluminum plate back plate; the composite material plate positioned on the other surface of the aluminum alloy frame mainly plays a role in preventing secondary killing in order to prevent metal from splashing fragments.
Therefore, the invention overcomes the defects of large mass, inconvenient transportation and possible secondary damage of the existing anti-impact protection structure, adopts the protection structure design combining the fiber braided fabric, the aluminum alloy frame and the composite material plate, and has less mass, easier transportation, reduced time cost and improved protection performance under the same bulletproof standard.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an impact-resistant composite structure as described in example 1.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a two-dimensional three-way UHMWPE fabric.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a three-dimensional orthogonal UHMWPE fabric.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the impact resistance effect of the impact resistant composite structure described in example 1.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the impact-resistant composite structure described in example 2.
The composite material plate comprises a 1-composite material plate, a 2-aluminum alloy frame, a 3-two-dimensional three-dimensional UHMWPE fabric, a 4-three-dimensional orthogonal UHMWPE fabric and a 5-fiber braided fabric I.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following detailed description, wherein the processes are conventional unless otherwise specified, and the starting materials are commercially available from a public perspective unless otherwise specified.
In the following examples of the present invention,
epoxy resin: the epoxy value is between 0.54 and 0.6, and the epoxy value meets GB/T4612-2008;
polyurethane soft glue: viscosity of 4000cps, AB glue (the component of A glue is JC8065 polyurethane resin), Junchi Chishihui chemical Co., Ltd;
adhesive: modified acrylate adhesive, Jiujiuge chemical technology.
Example 1
The composite structure comprises a composite material plate 1, an aluminum alloy frame 2, a fiber braided fabric I5 and polyurethane soft rubber, wherein the composite material plate 1 is based on UHMWPE secondary hybrid braiding, and is shown in figure 1;
the composite material plate 1 is prepared by injecting epoxy resin into a fiber braided fabric II by adopting a RTM vacuum glue injection process and then cooling by hot pressure, and the thickness is 4.25 mm;
the aluminum alloy frame 2 is a hollow structure prepared from 2024 aluminum alloy, and a cavity with the length of 96mm, the width of 80mm and the height of 6mm is machined in the aluminum alloy frame;
the fiber braided fabric I5 and the fiber braided fabric II are prepared by adopting the following method: weaving UHMWPE yarns to obtain a two-dimensional three-way UHMWPE fabric 3 and a three-dimensional orthogonal UHMWPE fabric 4, as shown in figures 2 and 3; then, alternately stacking a two-dimensional three-way UHMWPE fabric 3 and a three-dimensional orthogonal UHMWPE fabric 4 together, then mutually picking up UHMWPE yarns of two adjacent layers of fabrics, and weaving and connecting two adjacent layers together by using the UHMWPE yarns; wherein the diameter of the UHMWPE yarn for connection is 2mm larger than that of the UHMWPE yarn for weaving, the length of the fiber braided fabric I5 is 96mm, the width is 80mm and the thickness is 6 mm;
the two composite material plates 1 are respectively adhered to the upper surface and the lower surface of the aluminum alloy frame 2 through adhesives, and the fiber braided fabric I5 is laid in a cavity of the aluminum alloy frame and is filled and fixed by injecting polyurethane soft glue, so that the impact-resistant composite structure is formed, and is shown in figure 1.
The length of the impact-resistant composite structure is 100mm, the width is 84mm, and the overall thickness is 20.5 mm. When the same impact test was performed using spherical shots with an initial velocity of 800m/s and a diameter of 12.7mm as shown in fig. 4 and using a 2024 aluminum alloy target plate (100 mm in length, 84mm in width, and 12.8mm in height) equivalent to the same mass, the shot storage velocity of the impact-resistant composite structure was found to be 580m/s, the shot storage velocity of the homogeneous 2024 aluminum alloy target plate was found to be 626m/s, and the drop in the impact-resistant composite structure as compared with the homogeneous 2024 aluminum alloy target plate was found to be 7.3%. The impact-resistant composite structure is impacted by spherical shot with the diameter of 12.7mm, the impact-resistant composite structure is equivalent to a 2024 aluminum alloy target plate (with the length of 100mm, the width of 84mm and the height of 12.8mm) with the same quality, the ballistic limit speed of the homogeneous 2024 aluminum alloy target plate is 305m/s, the ballistic limit speed of the impact-resistant composite protective structure is 387m/s, and the impact resistance of the impact-resistant composite structure is improved by 21.2 percent compared with that of the homogeneous 2024 aluminum alloy target plate when the impact-resistant composite structure is characterized by the ballistic limit speed.
Example 2
The composite structure comprises a composite material plate 1, an aluminum alloy frame 2, a fiber braided fabric I5 and polyurethane soft rubber, wherein the composite material plate 1 is based on UHMWPE secondary hybrid braiding, and is shown in figure 5;
the composite material plate 1 is prepared by injecting epoxy resin into a fiber braided fabric II by adopting a RTM vacuum glue injection process and then cooling by hot pressure, and the thickness is 8.5 mm;
the aluminum alloy frame 2 is a hollow structure prepared from 2024 aluminum alloy, two cavities are machined in the aluminum alloy frame, each cavity is 96mm long, 90mm wide and 8mm high, and the wall thickness between every two adjacent cavities is 2 mm;
the fiber braided fabric I5 and the fiber braided fabric II are prepared by adopting the following method: weaving UHMWPE yarns to obtain a two-dimensional three-way UHMWPE fabric 3 and a three-dimensional orthogonal UHMWPE fabric 4, as shown in figures 2 and 3; then, alternately stacking a two-dimensional three-way UHMWPE fabric 3 and a three-dimensional orthogonal UHMWPE fabric 4 together, then mutually picking up UHMWPE yarns of two adjacent layers of fabrics, and weaving and connecting two adjacent layers together by using the UHMWPE yarns; wherein the diameter of the UHMWPE yarn for connection is 2mm larger than that of the UHMWPE yarn for weaving, the length of the fiber braided fabric I5 is 95mm, the width is 89mm and the thickness is 7 mm;
the two composite material plates 1 are respectively adhered to the upper surface and the lower surface of the aluminum alloy frame 2 through adhesives, the fiber braided fabric I5 is respectively laid in the two cavities of the aluminum alloy frame and polyurethane soft glue is respectively injected into the two cavities for filling and fixing, and then the anti-impact composite structure is formed, and is shown in figure 5.
The length of the anti-impact composite structure is 202mm, the width is 98mm, and the overall thickness is 29 mm. The impact-resistant composite structure is impacted by spherical shots with the initial speed of 800m/s and the diameter of 12.7mm, the impact-resistant composite structure is equivalent to a 2024 aluminum alloy target plate (with the length of 202mm, the width of 98mm and the height of 16.1mm) with the same mass, the same impact experiment is carried out, and when the impact-resistant composite structure is characterized by the shot storage speed, the shot storage speed of the impact-resistant composite structure is 534m/s, the shot storage speed of the homogeneous 2024 aluminum alloy target plate is 593m/s, and the impact-resistant composite structure is reduced by 10 percent compared with the storage speed of the homogeneous 2024 aluminum alloy target plate. The impact-resistant composite structure is impacted by spherical shots with the diameter of 12.7mm, the impact-resistant composite structure is equivalent to a 2024 aluminum alloy target plate (with the length of 202mm, the width of 98mm and the height of 16.1mm) with the same quality, the ballistic limit speed of the homogeneous 2024 aluminum alloy target plate is 315m/s, the ballistic limit speed of the impact-resistant composite protective structure is 475m/s, and the impact resistance of the impact-resistant composite structure is improved by 33.7 percent compared with that of the homogeneous 2024 aluminum alloy target plate when the impact-resistant composite structure is characterized by the ballistic limit speed.
In summary, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. Impact-resistant composite structure based on UHMWPE secondary hybrid weaving is characterized in that: the anti-impact composite structure comprises a composite material plate, an aluminum alloy frame, a fiber braided fabric I and polyurethane soft glue;
the composite material plate is prepared from a fiber braided fabric II and epoxy resin;
the aluminum alloy frame is of a hollow structure, more than one cavity is processed in the aluminum alloy frame, and the length multiplied by the width of the cavity is within the range of (40mm multiplied by 40mm) to (200mm multiplied by 200 mm);
the fiber braided fabric I and the fiber braided fabric II are both prepared by the following method: weaving UHMWPE yarns to obtain a two-dimensional three-way UHMWPE fabric and a three-dimensional orthogonal UHMWPE fabric, then alternately stacking the two-dimensional three-way UHMWPE fabric and the three-dimensional orthogonal UHMWPE fabric together, then mutually picking up the UHMWPE yarns of two adjacent layers of fabrics, and weaving and connecting the two adjacent layers together by using the UHMWPE yarns; wherein the diameter of the UHMWPE yarn for connection is 2mm to 3mm larger than the diameter of the UHMWPE yarn for weaving;
the two composite material plates are respectively adhered to the upper surface and the lower surface of the aluminum alloy frame, and the fiber braided fabric I is laid in the cavity of the aluminum alloy frame and is filled and fixed by injecting polyurethane soft glue, so that the impact-resistant composite structure is formed.
2. The impact-resistant composite structure based on UHMWPE double hybrid braiding according to claim 1, characterized in that: the thickness of the composite plate is not less than 4 mm.
3. The impact-resistant composite structure based on UHMWPE double hybrid braiding according to claim 1, characterized in that: the thickness of the composite plate is 4-8 mm.
4. The impact-resistant composite structure based on UHMWPE double hybrid braiding according to claim 1, characterized in that: the wall thickness of the aluminum alloy frame is 2 mm-4 mm.
5. The impact-resistant composite structure based on UHMWPE double hybrid braiding according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the number of the cavities of the aluminum alloy frame is more than two, the wall thickness between the two cavities is 2 mm-4 mm.
6. The impact-resistant composite structure based on UHMWPE double hybrid braiding according to claim 1, characterized in that: the thickness of the fiber braided fabric I is 4-20 mm.
7. The impact-resistant composite structure based on UHMWPE double hybrid braiding according to claim 1, characterized in that: fiber braided fabric I is laid in aluminum alloy frame's cavity, and the clearance of fiber braided fabric I and cavity inner wall is 0 ~ 1 mm.
8. The impact-resistant composite structure based on UHMWPE double hybrid braiding according to claim 1, characterized in that: selecting the polyurethane soft adhesive with the viscosity of 2000cps to 4000 cps.
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| CN103727842A (en) * | 2013-04-22 | 2014-04-16 | 太仓派欧技术咨询服务有限公司 | Fiber/ceramic/metal composite material bulletproof plate and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN104677194A (en) * | 2015-02-05 | 2015-06-03 | 山东大学 | Modular multi-dimensional composite armor plate and preparation method thereof |
| CN104949581A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-09-30 | 北京勤达远致新材料科技股份有限公司 | Ceramic composite material bullet-proof chest board and preparation method thereof |
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2020
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Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| GB2272272A (en) * | 1992-11-10 | 1994-05-11 | T & N Technology Ltd | Armour |
| CN202267412U (en) * | 2011-10-11 | 2012-06-06 | 北京普诺泰新材料科技有限公司 | Composite material bulletproof plate with different functional layers and bulletproof device |
| CN102620606A (en) * | 2012-04-01 | 2012-08-01 | 北京同益中特种纤维技术开发有限公司 | Soft bulletproof plate |
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