CN115847937A - Lightweight armor and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Lightweight armor and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115847937A CN115847937A CN202111113436.8A CN202111113436A CN115847937A CN 115847937 A CN115847937 A CN 115847937A CN 202111113436 A CN202111113436 A CN 202111113436A CN 115847937 A CN115847937 A CN 115847937A
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- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention provides a lightweight armor comprising: a composite packaging ceramic structure; a backing layer bonded to the composite encapsulated ceramic structure; the composite packaging ceramic structure is formed by packaging a plurality of small ceramic blocks by fiber cloth under the action of an adhesive; the back plate layer comprises a foamed titanium plate and/or a fiber laminated plate. Compared with the prior art, the lightweight armor provided by the invention adopts a specific structure, realizes better integral interaction, has ultralight characteristics, is high in integral structure strength, has very strong mechanical properties such as bending property, shock resistance and collision damage resistance, is high in bulletproof capability, can prevent multiple attacks, can be repaired and used for the second time, and improves the use efficiency of the ceramic plate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bulletproof armors, in particular to a lightweight armor and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Most of the current mainstream bulletproof armors are made of metal materials, and some nonmetal composite materials are also available. Metal ballistic armour has been developed for decades to date and the mature products are inexpensive to manufacture, typically high strength, high hardness mean steel, aluminium or titanium plates, but the weakness is also apparent in high areal density (areal density: weight per unit area, equal to total weight divided by total area. On the other hand, the requirement of human body protection on light weight is higher, and the light weight of the bulletproof armor is particularly important due to the consideration of fuel economy and motion radius and the pursuit of motion flexibility of motion carriers such as vehicle tanks. In addition, no matter individual protection or vehicle equipment protection, the primary task is to protect the bullet or blast fragment under ballistic impact, and with the upgrading of weapons or the improvement of ballistic threat level faced by customers, higher requirements are put forward on the protection capability of the bulletproof armor.
The metal armor is easy to generate adiabatic shearing (adiabatic shearing: the metal material is not easy to deform under the action of high-speed shearing force, and is molten in a very limited range of a shearing point, so that the shearing absorption power is very small, and the metal armor generally generates on a high-hardness high-strength steel plate), the protection performance is reduced, and secondary damage is easy to cause: the metal bulletproof plate enables the bullet to generate plastic deformation, passivation, fragmentation and even crushing during high-speed collision through high hardness and high strength, and meanwhile, the metal bulletproof plate absorbs a large amount of kinetic energy through tensile shear deformation in the process, so that energy is mainly consumed through bullet deformation, bulletproof plate deformation, friction and other forms; however, as the strength and hardness of the metal armor are improved, deformation is limited in a very small range when the armor is impacted by a bullet, and due to the fact that the strain rate is extremely high, a heat insulation shearing effect is generated, through holes of the shearing plug which is slightly larger than the diameter of the bullet are formed at the impact point of the armor, only a small amount of kinetic energy of the bullet can be absorbed, and under the condition, the residual speed of the bullet is very high, and secondary damage can be caused by the plug block and the bullet.
The ceramic material is high in hardness but fragile, and has poor multi-shot prevention capability (the multi-shot prevention capability is the capability of preventing the same armor from impacting a plurality of bullets, namely the bullet of the same bullet at the same speed or the bullet of different bullets at different speeds), so that unexpected collision easily causes damage and loss of the protection function: the bulletproof ceramics such as silicon carbide, boron carbide, alumina, aluminum nitride, titanium boride, zirconia toughened alumina and the like can rapidly deform a bullet under the high-speed impact of the bullet due to the extremely high hardness of the ceramics, erodes the quality of the bullet, and is insensitive to the corresponding speed change rate, so that the defects of the metal bulletproof material in this respect are just made up; but the ceramic used alone has obvious defects that the protection capability against secondary or even multiple impacts is sharply reduced due to high hardness and high brittleness, and the ceramic is broken immediately after the impact.
On the basis, the bulletproof armor with the structure of Qiaobam appears in the sixty-seventy years of the last century, the ceramic is clamped between the two metal plates to form a sandwich structure, and the contradiction between the brittleness of the ceramic and the heat insulation shearing plug failure of the metal plates is effectively solved; the geobam armor remains heavy and does not meet the demand for ultra-lightness.
The fiber composite material laminated board is made of aramid fiber or ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, the density of the fiber is far lower than that of a metal material, particularly the density of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber is only 0.97 which is 3 percent lower than that of water, and the specific strength of the fiber composite material laminated board is far higher than that of metals such as aluminum, steel, titanium and the like; therefore, the protective coefficient of the fiber laminated board independently used as the bulletproof board can be further improved, and the fiber laminated board is a main choice for light-weight equipment such as human body protection. However, the fiber composite material has a very prominent weakness, on one hand, when the fiber composite material is used for protection of transportation equipment and the like, the fiber composite material has insufficient rigidity and can exert a synergistic effect only by using the traditional metal material as a support and the bulletproof performance and the structural support performance, and on the other hand, for bullets with more than medium calibers and high kinetic energy and hardness and with high elastic cores, the fiber laminated board has higher required thickness and large impact deformation; composite ballistic panels made from such fibrous laminates and ceramic composites also suffer from high impact deformation and lack of structural support.
In summary, no material can provide various requirements such as bulletproof performance, structural strength, light weight, multiple attack prevention, secondary utilization and the like for the current bulletproof material.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a lightweight armor and a method for manufacturing the same, and the lightweight armor provided by the present invention has the advantages of high overall structural strength, strong mechanical properties, high ballistic resistance, multiple attack prevention, and secondary repair.
The present invention provides a lightweight armor comprising:
a composite packaging ceramic structure;
a back plate layer bonded to the composite encapsulated ceramic structure;
the composite packaging ceramic structure is formed by packaging a plurality of small ceramic blocks through fiber cloth under the action of an adhesive;
the back plate layer comprises a foamed titanium plate and/or a fiber laminated plate.
Preferably, the material of the ceramic small block is selected from one or more of boron carbide, silicon carbide, alumina, aluminum nitride and titanium boride.
Preferably, the adhesive is selected from one or more of normal-temperature curing resin, medium-temperature curing epoxy resin and medium-temperature curing phenolic resin.
Preferably, the fiber cloth is selected from one or more of glass fiber cloth, carbon fiber cloth, aramid cloth, polyethylene woven cloth, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber single-orientation orthogonal prepreg cloth and basalt fiber cloth.
Preferably, the packaging process of the composite packaging ceramic structure specifically comprises:
cutting the fiber cloth into a plurality of ceramic packaging woven belts matched with the shapes of the ceramic small blocks, weaving the ceramic packaging woven belts according to a plain woven fabric weaving mode, and packaging each ceramic small block in a space formed at the intersection of each ceramic packaging woven belt to obtain a ceramic plate with the woven belts woven in a plain weave mode;
and then respectively bonding at least one layer of fiber cloth on the upper surface and the lower surface of the ceramic plate which is woven by the plain weaving of the woven tape through an adhesive, and forming a composite packaging ceramic structure after subsequent curing and forming.
Preferably, the titanium foam plate is a titanium-based hollow material, the thickness of the titanium foam plate is 1 mm-5 mm, and the porosity of the titanium foam plate is 20% -70%.
Preferably, the fiber laminate is one or more of a glass fiber laminate, a carbon fiber laminate, an aramid fiber laminate and an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene laminate.
Preferably, the back sheet layer includes:
a titanium foam plate bonded to the composite packaging ceramic structure;
a fiber laminate bonded to the titanium foam sheet.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the lightweight armor, which comprises the following steps:
and compounding the composite packaging ceramic structure and the back plate layer by adopting an adhesive to obtain the lightweight armor.
Preferably, the compounding mode is hot press molding; the hot-press molding temperature is 25-120 ℃, the pressure is 0.1-10 MPa, and the time is 5 s-48 h.
The present invention provides a lightweight armor comprising: a composite packaging ceramic structure; a back plate layer bonded to the composite encapsulated ceramic structure; the composite packaging ceramic structure is formed by packaging a plurality of small ceramic blocks through fiber cloth under the action of an adhesive; the back plate layer comprises a foamed titanium plate and/or a fiber laminated plate. Compared with the prior art, the lightweight armor provided by the invention adopts a specific structure, realizes better integral interaction, has ultralight characteristics, is high in integral structure strength, has very strong mechanical properties such as bending property, shock resistance and collision damage resistance, is high in bulletproof capability, can prevent multiple attacks, can be repaired and used for the second time, and improves the use efficiency of the ceramic plate.
In addition, the preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple process and easiness in control, adopts one-step molding (only one-step heating and pressurizing curing is needed), can further explore an automatic production technology, and has wide application prospects.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a lightweight armor provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a ceramic component encapsulated by a tape according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The present invention provides a lightweight armor comprising:
a composite packaging ceramic structure;
a backing layer bonded to the composite encapsulated ceramic structure;
the composite packaging ceramic structure is formed by packaging a plurality of small ceramic blocks by fiber cloth under the action of an adhesive;
the back plate layer comprises a foamed titanium plate and/or a fiber laminated plate.
In the present invention, the lightweight armor comprises a composite encapsulated ceramic structure and a backing layer; the composite packaging ceramic structure is formed by packaging a plurality of small ceramic blocks through fiber cloth under the action of an adhesive, and the back plate layer comprises a titanium foam plate and/or a fiber laminated plate.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the back plate layer is a titanium foam plate, and on the basis, the lightweight armor consists of a composite packaging ceramic structure and a titanium foam plate bonded on the composite packaging ceramic structure; the ratio of the surface density of the composite packaging ceramic structure as a whole to the surface density of the whole lightweight armor plate is 0.45-0.85, preferably 0.60-0.77.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the back sheet layer is a fiber laminate, and on this basis, the lightweight armor is composed of a composite encapsulated ceramic structure and a fiber laminate bonded to the composite encapsulated ceramic structure; the ratio of the surface density of the composite packaging ceramic structure as a whole to the surface density of the whole lightweight armor plate is 0.50-0.80, preferably 0.60-0.75.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the back plate layer is a titanium foam plate and a fiber laminated plate, and on the basis, the lightweight armor is composed of a composite packaging ceramic structure, a titanium foam plate bonded on the composite packaging ceramic structure and a fiber laminated plate bonded on the titanium foam plate; the ratio of the area density of the composite packaging ceramic structure as a whole to the area density of the whole lightweight armor plate is 0.36-0.70, preferably 0.50-0.66.
In the invention, the composite packaging ceramic structure is formed by packaging a plurality of small ceramic blocks by fiber cloth under the action of an adhesive. In the invention, the material of the ceramic small block is preferably selected from one or more of boron carbide, silicon carbide, alumina (including common alumina and zirconia toughened alumina), aluminum nitride and titanium boride, and more preferably boron carbide. The source of the ceramic small blocks is not particularly limited in the invention, and commercially available bulletproof ceramic plates made of the materials of boron carbide, silicon carbide, alumina, aluminum nitride and titanium boride, which are well known to those skilled in the art, can be adopted. In the invention, the appearance of the small ceramic blocks is preferably regular hexagon or square, meanwhile, in order to ensure the overall structure specification of subsequent products, a half of regular hexagon used for matching the regular hexagon ceramic to be modified at the corner of the armor, or a half of square used for matching the square ceramic to be modified at the corner of the armor can be used, in addition, the combination of the square and the rectangle can be used completely, and the square is preferably used. In the present invention, the thickness of the ceramic small pieces is preferably 2mm to 10mm, more preferably 6mm to 8mm.
In the present invention, the adhesive is preferably selected from one or more of normal temperature curing resin, medium temperature curing epoxy resin and medium temperature curing phenolic resin. The source of the adhesive is not particularly limited, and the adhesive can be obtained by using commercially available products of the normal-temperature curing resin, the medium-temperature curing epoxy resin and the medium-temperature curing phenolic resin with the toughening effect, which are well known to those skilled in the art, and specifically comprises the following components: the Andebao brand provided by Shanghai Huayi resin Co., ltd is JW-1, SW-6, SW-7, 425-3, DW-3-1, HJ-3-1, and the epoxy resin of TYZ-SJ-61 and TYZ-SJ-1/2/3, etc. produced by Beijing Hokkaizhong New materials science and technology Co., ltd. It should be noted that the adhesive in the present invention may be a glue with good fluidity, or may be an adhesive film, and the present invention is not particularly limited to this.
In the present invention, the fiber cloth is preferably selected from glass fiber cloth, carbon fiber cloth, aramid cloth, polyethylene woven cloth, and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber single-oriented orthogonal prepreg cloth [0 °/90 ° ]] n And basalt fiber cloth, more preferably glass fiber cloth or aramid cloth. The source of the fiber cloth is not particularly limited in the present invention, and commercially available products or self-products known to those skilled in the art may be used.
In the present invention, the packaging process of the composite packaging ceramic structure preferably includes:
cutting the fiber cloth into a plurality of ceramic packaging woven belts matched with the shapes of the ceramic small blocks, weaving the ceramic packaging woven belts according to a plain woven fabric weaving mode, and packaging each ceramic small block in a space formed at the intersection of each ceramic packaging woven belt to obtain a ceramic plate with the woven belts woven in a plain weave mode;
and then respectively bonding at least one layer of fiber cloth on the upper surface and the lower surface of the ceramic plate which is woven by the plain weaving of the woven tape through an adhesive, and forming a composite packaging ceramic structure after subsequent curing and forming.
Therefore, the invention adopts the similar way of plain weave fabric (plain weave tape package) to package the ceramic; the specific description will be made by taking a square ceramic block with a square plane size of 50mm × 50mm as an example:
(1) cutting fiber cloth with the width consistent with the width of the ceramic, or adopting a braid with the width consistent with the size of the plane of the ceramic as the fiber cloth for packaging the ceramic, wherein the braid is simply referred to as the braid for convenience in description below; if the plain weave fabric is cut according to the width of 50mm, the length of the plain weave fabric is more than the total size of the lightweight armor, and after the packaging operation is finished, the woven belt with the redundant length can be cut off;
(2) according to the overall size of the lightweight armor, the number of the required ceramics in warp and weft directions is calculated, and therefore the number of the required woven belts in the warp and weft directions is determined;
(3) according to the calculated number of the woven belts in the warp direction and the weft direction, the woven belts are respectively placed in order in the warp direction and the weft direction according to the ceramic laying sequence;
(4) in order to facilitate the warp and weft woven belts to be smoothly woven into a compact structure, a few drops of quick-drying glue can be coated on the ceramic positive side of the first row and the first column, so that the warp and weft woven belts can be quickly fixed;
(5) weaving in a plain weave mode in the warp and weft directions, and sequentially placing square ceramics at the warp and weft intersection of the woven tape to obtain a ceramic plate after the woven tape is woven in the plain weave mode;
(6) and then respectively bonding at least one layer of fiber cloth on the upper surface and the lower surface of the ceramic plate which is woven by the plain weave of the braid through an adhesive, and forming a composite packaging ceramic structure after subsequent curing and forming.
The invention provides a novel packaging technology, ceramic is packaged in a three-dimensional mode, packaging cost is lower, and the back elastic surface and the face elastic surface of the ceramic are more uniform. Because the ceramic is high in hardness and fragile, the ceramic is most forbidden to be beaten, dropped, knocked and the like in the using process, and the protection capability of the ceramic is greatly reduced once the ceramic is cracked and damaged, so that collision avoidance is generally specially noted in the bulletproof armor (refer to the patent cited in the scheme) manufactured conventionally in the market, and various collisions cannot be avoided in a battlefield environment, so that the reliability and the stability of the bulletproof armor are reduced, and the requirement on the security is higher. The invention carries out special encapsulation on the ceramics:
on The one hand, the ceramic is improved in resistance to various accidental injuries, various crack damages caused by unexpected collisions and The like are avoided from reducing The protective performance of The ceramic, and The literature (m.grujic, the roll of adhesive in The basic-structural performance of ceramic-polymer-matrix composite hybrid, 2012) emphasizes that structural adhesives based on epoxy resin are not generally used. The reason for this is that structural adhesives (due to their high stiffness) tend to transfer the loads generated at the tire/road interface (transmitted through the vehicle suspension system, body frame and armor backing plate) to the strike face ceramic layer. In this case, the (low ductility/low flexibility) tiles are subjected to a continuous in-service load, which may gradually reduce their structural integrity and ballistic performance. Obviously, the method is a contradiction which cannot be reconciled, and after the ceramic is packaged by using the woven tape and the resin, the high-rigidity resin has improved capability of resisting shock dynamic load due to the toughening effect of the fibers.
On the other hand, the packaged ceramic is bonded by the adhesive to form a new integral ceramic plate, the bonded integral ceramic plate is firmer due to the reinforcing Effect of the woven tape, the integral rigidity is higher, and the bending strength of the integral plate is greatly improved, so that the important effects of the gap width between the ceramics and the ceramic interface strength on the rigidity of the integral composite structure are proved in the literature (S Mahdi, bag A Gama, effective of the manufacturing process on the interface properties and structural performance of multi-functional composite structure, 2003), and the composite coating of the fiber and the resin armor is greatly improved on the interface of the integral composite armor.
In the third aspect, because the small blocks are spliced to form the integral plate, when a bullet or fragment impacts, the small blocks are often contacted with one ceramic block or two or more adjacent ceramic blocks, the number of ceramic breakage and failure is very limited, and the protection capability for multiple attacks is guaranteed.
In the fourth aspect, due to the encapsulation effect of the fibers, the adjacent ceramics are actually isolated by the composite material of the fibers and the resin, and the transmission of shock waves during the impact of the shot is isolated by the interface of the ceramic-composite material, so that the transmission of the shock waves among the ceramics is inhibited, the incidence and reflection of the ceramics at the impact point are enhanced, the integrity of other ceramics is ensured, and the energy absorption efficiency of the ceramics at the impact point is also improved. The literature (T ASDEMIRCI, stress Wave Propagation Effects in Two-and Three-layered Composite Materials, 2003) indicates that the presence of rubber reduces the peak Stress level between the ceramic and the backing plate.
In the fifth aspect, due to the encapsulation effect of the ceramic, the mutual friction and erosion between the bullet and the ceramic at the moment of impact can be inhibited, so that the reverse splashing of the surface ceramic to the bullet impact direction can be effectively prevented, and the ceramic can be kept in place during the subsequent propelling of the bullet, thereby greatly improving the bullet resistance of the ceramic. The invention discloses a method for improving the anti-elasticity performance of ceramic by inhibiting crack propagation and displacement of ceramic fragments through packaging ceramic, wherein the influence of constraint on ceramic crack propagation is proved through experiments in documents (E.G.Pickering, M.R.O' Masta, H.N.G.Walley, V.S.Deshpand, effect of knowledge on the static and dynamic indexing of model ceramic and ceramic materials, international Journal of Impact Engineering (2016)).
In the sixth aspect, since the bulletproof performance of the above-described ceramics is improved, the amount of the ceramics can be reduced in the case where an equivalent protective effect is expected, or the amount of the back sheet can be reduced in the case where an equivalent amount of the ceramics is used, thereby reducing the areal density of the bulletproof as a whole in order to achieve the object of light weight.
In a seventh aspect, because the ceramic is encapsulated by the woven tape and the adhesive to isolate shock waves, once the ceramic is hit by a bullet or a fragment, the damage range is limited, secondary repair can be performed to realize multiple use of the ceramic armor, and the use efficiency of the ceramic plate is improved by 2-3 times; taking a 300mm armor plate as an example, the armor plate is generally scrapped after being attacked by a 54-type 12.7mm armor-piercing combustion bomb, while the ceramic plate can bear at least 2 impacts after the woven belt is packaged, and the armor plate can be reused after being repaired after the impacts.
In conclusion, the three-dimensional packaging is adopted, so that the independent small ceramic blocks form an integral structure again, the integral structure is high in strength and has strong mechanical properties such as bending property, shock resistance and collision damage resistance, and the technical effect of light armor is further realized by matching with a specific back plate layer; meanwhile, the packaging process technology is simpler and quicker, and the cost is low.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the back sheet layer comprises:
a titanium foam plate bonded to the composite packaging ceramic structure;
a fiber laminate bonded to the titanium foam sheet.
In the invention, the titanium foam plate is preferably a titanium-based hollow material made of titanium; the thickness is preferably 1mm to 5mm, more preferably 2.8mm to 3.5mm, and the porosity is preferably 20% to 70%, more preferably 29% to 50%. The source of the titanium foam sheet is not particularly limited in the present invention, and commercially available or self-made titanium foam sheets well known to those skilled in the art may be used. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the titanium foam sheet is prepared according to the method disclosed in patent CN201410697421.4 "a method for preparing titanium foam under hydrogen assistance"; according to the preparation method, hydrogen is introduced in the technical process of preparing the titanium foam by a gas capture method, the foaming performance of the titanium foam is improved by utilizing hydrogen induced high-temperature plasticity, the foaming efficiency and the porosity of the titanium foam are improved, finally, the hydrogen is removed to optimize the mechanical property of the titanium foam, and the porosity of the further prepared titanium foam product is high.
On the basis, the foamed titanium plate is introduced into the integral structure of the lightweight armor, so that the strength of the integral structure of the armor is higher, namely the invention has another creative point that: the integral foam titanium plate with the hollow structure is used as the middle layer of the armor, so that the integral structural strength of the armor is effectively improved, the protection capability of the armor is improved, the necessary weight of the armor is indirectly reduced, and the lightweight is realized.
In the present invention, the fiber laminate is preferably one or more of a glass fiber laminate, a carbon fiber laminate, an aramid fiber laminate and an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene laminate; among them, there are fiber laminates in which two or more kinds of fibers are mixed, such as laminates in which carbon fibers and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers are mixed, aramid fibers and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene laminates, and the like, and the mixing manner is not limited to the above list. In the present invention, the thickness of the fiber laminate is 5mm to 20mm, and more preferably 10mm to 12mm.
In the prior art, in order to improve the protection capability and other additional functions of the armor, a cover plate is generally added on the surface of a ceramic layer, and a back plate is used behind the ceramic layer to form a sandwich-like structure, some of which are also called a double-layer structure.
For example, CN105444622A uses a multi-layer light metal foam titanium plate comprising a fiber cloth surface layer, a ceramic layer, a fiber plate, titanium, magnesium, aluminum and the like in sequence, and is different from the present invention in that after the multi-layer metal plate is placed on the fiber plate, on one hand, the strain of the fiber layer is larger than that of metal, which easily causes the failure of fibers under mutual extrusion to reduce the energy absorption effect, on the other hand, the high temperature caused by ceramic impact easily causes the early failure of the fiber plate, and on the other hand, the area density of 51kg/m in the embodiment is 2 And 67kg/m 2 The protection 12.7mm API (armor-piercing combustion bomb abbreviation) has no specific speed data, the former is that the actual bullet-landing speed of 1000m high-altitude protection ground shooting is 488m/s according to experience, and the surface density is too high to meet the requirement of ultra-light armor according to the use scene.
The study on the structure of the double-layer plate, such as Du Zhonghua 'research on the elasticity resistance of the double-layer ceramic composite target plate, 2002' has made an optimization study on the optimal thickness ratio of the alumina ceramic/metal double-layer plate and the alumina ceramic/fiber plate, but the density of the protective surface explained by the study is still high. Ben-Dor Improved flow model and optimization of two-component aggregate estimated single impact or two-component impact, 2009, the Israeli discusses the optimization design of single impact and two-time impact prevention of the alumina ceramic/steel metal double-layer plate, and provides a prospect for multi-group price protection; but no relevant results were seen in subsequent studies.
Regarding ceramic packaging or constraint, CN1O3727842B uses titanium alloy as frame constraint ceramic, and has the disadvantages of expensive material and complicated processing by laser welding technology. CN103206897A uses polycarbonate to restrain the ceramic element, titanium alloy protective layer is at the rearmost side, and the overall surface density (overall surface density: the ratio of the overall weight of the object to the area of a certain surface; impact surface density: the surface density of the impact point or impact point position, and the weight of the unit area of the position point is emphasized to distinguish from the overall surface density concept) is 82kg/m 2 Still higher.
The existing reported packaging method has high cost, such as (E.G.Pickering, M.R.O' Masta, H.N.G.Wadley, V.S.Deshpand, effect of the cosmetic on the static and dynamic indication response of model ceramics and ceramic materials, international Journal of Impact Engineering (2016)) industrial ceramics is sensitive to constraint and sensitive to constraint, and the author realizes the self-constraint of the metal ceramics by forming a gradient material by ceramic metal so as to achieve the purpose of strengthening. For example, in the research on the preparation and the elastic resistance of the fiber-constrained ceramic composite target plate, each piece of ceramic is wound by using fiber constraint, which results in higher cost. The impact of the constraint mechanism on the elastic resistance of the ceramic composite target and the impact evaluation of the elastic resistance constraint effect of the ceramic-metal composite armor are all searched for ceramic constraint, and indicate that the back plate and the side plate are effective in ceramic reinforcement, wherein the fiber panel and the back plate have the best effect.
CN109141123A utilizes interference fit of the metal block groove and the ceramic to form a metal-ceramic community to realize constraint ceramic and realize reinforcement; CN108749043A uses orthogonal winding of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene prepreg to encapsulate ceramic, a method reported in the documents of mechanism of project duration in Dyneema encapsulated aluminum structures, international Journal of Impact Engineering (2014), http:// dx. Doi. Org/10.1016/j. Ijimpen.2014.02.002, O' Masta MR et al. According to the scheme, a series of processes such as heating, pressurizing, pressure maintaining and cooling in the mold are required to be performed through a packaging procedure, and then the whole plate is subjected to the processes of heating, pressurizing, pressure maintaining and cooling through the whole forming mold, so that the process is more complicated.
CN202770328U utilizes ceramics, foamed aluminum, kevlar, titanium plates, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber laminated boards and the like to jointly construct a bulletproof armor, the structure is 5 layers, the structure is complicated, the thickness is high, the overall surface density is high, and the requirement of ultra-lightness cannot be met.
Compared with the prior art, the lightweight armor provided by the invention adopts a specific structure, realizes better integral interaction, has ultralight characteristics, is high in integral structure strength, has very strong mechanical properties such as bending property, shock resistance and collision damage resistance, is high in bulletproof capability, can prevent multiple attacks, can be repaired and used for the second time, and improves the use efficiency of the ceramic plate. The technical application product comprises: bulletproof armor plates for armored vehicles, bulletproof armor plates for armored helicopters, armor plates for naval vessels and individual soldier protection chest inserting plates.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the lightweight armor, which comprises the following steps:
and compounding the composite packaging ceramic structure and the back plate layer by adopting an adhesive to obtain the lightweight armor.
In the invention, the adhesive is the same as that in the technical scheme, and is not described again.
In the invention, the compounding mode is preferably hot press molding; the hot-press forming mode is not particularly limited, and both the die press forming and the RTM process, namely the resin transfer molding forming method, can be realized, and can also be realized by a vacuum autoclave. In the invention, the hot-press forming temperature is preferably 25-120 ℃, and more preferably 50-90 ℃; the pressure (unit area bearing capacity in the vertical direction of the armor plate bullet facing surface) of the hot press molding is preferably 0.1MPa to 10MPa; the time for the hot press molding (time after the temperature and pressure are applied) is preferably 5s to 48h.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the preparation method is specifically described below for clear and simple understanding, in combination with the materials used to prepare the lightweight armor:
the method comprises the following steps: designing a required ceramic shape according to the size of the armor, and calculating the quantity and the type of the ceramics required in the length direction and the width direction of the armor;
step two: determining the type and the quantity of the ceramics to be packaged according to the calculation of the step one, and manufacturing the woven belt for packaging according to the requirements in the technical scheme; further adopting the packaging technology in the technical scheme to package the ceramic to obtain a ceramic plate with a plain woven braid;
step three: cutting the titanium foam plate according to the length and width of the armor plate, and bonding the titanium foam plate and the fiber laminated plate together by using an adhesive;
step four: cutting a plurality of pieces of fiber cloth according to the length and width of the armor plate, taking one piece of glued cloth, laying the glued cloth on a titanium foam plate or a fiber laminated plate (or one side of the titanium foam plate in the integral structure after the titanium foam plate is bonded with the fiber laminated plate in the third step), and bonding the glued cloth with one side of a ceramic plate after the braid is woven in a plain mode; simultaneously taking at least one other ceramic plate for gluing and paving the other ceramic plate to the other surface of the plain woven braid;
the step needs to be emphasized that in the process of packaging the integrated ceramic board, at least one layer of fiber cloth is needed on both the bullet facing surface and the bullet backing surface of the ceramic as the covering cloth for the integrated packaging;
step five: and (3) putting the armor plate manufactured in the above manner into a mould for pressing, and curing at set temperature, pressure and time.
Step six: packaging into a breathable bag, then putting into a vacuum curing bag, and putting into a vacuum autoclave for curing to obtain the lightweight armor.
Aiming at the technical scheme without the foamed titanium plate, the third step of the preparation method is omitted, and the lightweight armor can be obtained by modifying the preparation method which is well known by the technical personnel in the field.
The gluing in the above steps can be understood as a well-known and well-known hand-lay Molding process, and can also be realized by a well-known and well-known Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) process. Whether the hand lay-up forming process or the RTM process is adopted, the manufacturing method needs to plan the temperature, the pressure and the time in the later stage of the compression forming process so as to realize the balance of efficiency, cost and performance. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the hand lay-up forming process is adopted to finally form the mould in the mould, wherein the forming is to ensure that the components of the composite packaging ceramic structure, the titanium foam board and the fiber laminated board can keep the consistent and uniform size, and on the other hand, the forming is also to exert the curing stress to achieve the effect of strengthening the ceramic constraint. According to the preparation method of the lightweight armor, the set temperature range is 25-120 ℃, and the preferred temperature range is 50-90 ℃; the set pressure is the unit area bearing capacity of the armor plate in the vertical direction of the bullet-facing surface, the range is 0.1 MPa-10 MPa, the set time is the time after the loading temperature and the pressure of the die are placed, and the range is 5 seconds-48 hours; the combination of temperature, pressure and time may be a single continuous press or may be a segmented press, as will be readily understood by those skilled in the art. In the present invention, the encapsulation of the armor can be accomplished using manual hand lay-up molding, or can be accomplished using automated encapsulation equipment.
The preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple process and easy control, adopts one-step molding (only one-step heating and pressurizing curing is needed), can further explore an automatic production technology, and has wide application prospect.
The present invention provides a lightweight armor comprising: a composite packaging ceramic structure; a back plate layer bonded to the composite encapsulated ceramic structure; the composite packaging ceramic structure is formed by packaging a plurality of small ceramic blocks by fiber cloth under the action of an adhesive; the back plate layer comprises a foamed titanium plate and/or a fiber laminated plate. Compared with the prior art, the lightweight armor provided by the invention adopts a specific structure, realizes better integral interaction, has ultralight characteristics, is high in integral structure strength, has very strong mechanical properties such as bending property, shock resistance and collision damage resistance, is high in bulletproof capability, can prevent multiple attacks, can be repaired and used for the second time, and improves the use efficiency of the ceramic plate.
In addition, the preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple process and easiness in control, adopts one-step molding (only one-step heating and pressurizing curing is needed), can further explore an automatic production technology, and has wide application prospects.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, the following examples are provided for illustrative purposes. The titanium foam plate used in the following examples of the invention is prepared according to the method disclosed in CN201410697421.4 "a preparation method of titanium foam under hydrogen assistance"; the used fiber laminated board is UHMWPE laminated board of independent brand of new material science and technology company Limited in Beijing Hokkaizhong; the adhesives used are epoxy resins with the model number DW-3-1 offered by Shanghai Huayi resin Co., ltd in example 1, and are all HJ-3-1 in example 2.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a lightweight armor according to an embodiment of the present invention; wherein 1 is a ceramic component, 2 and 3 are woven belts and resin layers, 4 is a foamed titanium plate, and 5 is a fiber laminated plate. The specific manufacturing process is as follows:
selecting square boron carbide ceramic with the side length of 50mm and the thickness of 6mm, and packaging the ceramic by using plain aramid fabric with the thickness of 0.2 mm;
the specific packaging process is as follows:
firstly, cutting aramid fabric on a computer-assisted laser cutting machine to obtain a 50mm wide ceramic packaging mesh belt, wherein the length of the ceramic packaging mesh belt can exceed four times of the ceramic size, and the mesh belt with the excessive length can be cut off after the packaging operation is finished;
then, according to the overall size of the armor plate, calculating the number of the required ceramics in the warp and weft directions, and determining the number of the required woven belts in the warp and weft directions; according to the calculated number of the woven belts in the warp direction and the weft direction, the woven belts are respectively placed in order in the warp direction and the weft direction according to the ceramic laying sequence; in order to facilitate the warp-weft woven belts to be smoothly woven into a compact structure, a plurality of drops of quick-drying glue can be coated on the front side of the ceramic of the first row and the first column, so that the warp-weft woven belts can be rapidly fixed;
then weaving in a plain weave mode in the warp and weft directions, and sequentially placing square ceramics at the warp and weft intersection of the woven tape to obtain a ceramic plate after the woven tape is woven in the plain weave mode;
referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic view of a ceramic component encapsulated by a woven tape according to an embodiment of the present invention; the method comprises the following steps that 1 is a ceramic assembly, 210 is the laying direction of weft-wise woven belts, 211 is the arrangement of odd-numbered rows of the weft-wise woven belts, 212 is the arrangement of even-numbered rows of the weft-wise woven belts, 220 is the laying direction of the warp-wise woven belts, 221 is the arrangement of odd-numbered rows of the radial woven belts, and 222 is the arrangement of even-numbered rows of the radial woven belts.
In addition, three pieces of aramid fabric with the size of 0.2mm are cut out, one piece of aramid fabric is adhered to a foam titanium plate with the thickness of 3.1mm and the porosity of 37 percent by an epoxy resin hand-laying forming method, and one surface of the ceramic plate after the braid is plain woven is packaged; covering the other side of the ceramic plate with the remaining two aramid fabrics through epoxy resin after the woven tape is plain woven; the titanium foam plate was then attached to a 10mm thick fibrous laminate by epoxy.
Finally, putting the composite board evenly coated with the glue into a die for pressing, and curing and molding for 4 hours at 85 ℃ under the pressure of 0.1MPa to obtain the lightweight armor; it was found to have an areal density of 35.57kg/m 2 。
A53-type 7.62mm armor-piercing combustion bomb is used for speed-regulating impact test (according to the standard test of GA950-2011 test method for V50 test of bulletproof materials and products, V50 is more than 880m/s; V50 is the average value of the lowest speed of penetrating through a target plate and the highest speed of not penetrating through the target plate in a narrow speed interval, generally, the speed interval is less than or equal to 29m/s, at least 3 effective shots of penetrating and not penetrating are shot), the partial penetration is realized, and the projection height behind the effective shots is less than 10mm.
Example 2
See example 1 with the difference that:
1) The thickness of the square boron carbide ceramic is 8mm;
2) Three pieces of aramid cloth with the size of 0.2mm cut out of the apparent size of the armor are changed into two pieces of glass fiber cloth with the size of 0.2mm cut out of the apparent size of the armor, one piece of the glass fiber cloth is adhered to a foam titanium plate (the size is 195mm multiplied by 215 mm) with the thickness of 2.8mm and the porosity of 29 percent by an epoxy resin hand laying forming method, and one surface of a ceramic plate after the woven tape is plain woven is encapsulated; covering the other side of the ceramic plate with the remaining glass fiber cloth through epoxy resin after the plain weaving of the braid; then aligning the foamed titanium plate surface to be centered and adhering the foamed titanium plate surface to the 12 mm-thick ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber laminated plate through epoxy resin;
3) Curing for 5 seconds at the temperature of 80 ℃ and the pressure of 10MPa and curing and molding for 1 hour at the temperature of 100 ℃ and the pressure of 0.2MPa to obtain the lightweight armor, wherein the total weight is 3.425kg, and the size is 300mm multiplied by 300mm; the bulk areal density was found to be 38.05kg/m 2 The areal density of the impact point is 41.5kg/m 2 。
A54-type 12.7mm armor-piercing combustion bomb is used for testing, the target point speed is 495m/s, and the armor penetrates partially (the bomb type is selected and referred to GJB59.18-1988 armored vehicle experiment standard-armor plate bullet resistance performance experiment, 54-type 12.7mm multiplied by 108mm API is selected, the ballistic gun is tested after speed regulation, the distance is 30 meters, and the shooting angle is 0 degrees).
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A lightweight armor comprising:
a composite packaging ceramic structure;
a backing layer bonded to the composite encapsulated ceramic structure;
the composite packaging ceramic structure is formed by packaging a plurality of small ceramic blocks through fiber cloth under the action of an adhesive;
the back plate layer comprises a foamed titanium plate and/or a fiber laminated plate.
2. The lightweight armor of claim 1, wherein said ceramic nubbins are made of a material selected from one or more of boron carbide, silicon carbide, alumina, aluminum nitride, and titanium boride.
3. The lightweight armor of claim 1, wherein said adhesive is selected from one or more of normal temperature cured resin, medium temperature cured epoxy resin, and medium temperature cured phenolic resin.
4. The lightweight armor according to claim 1, wherein said fiber cloth is selected from one or more of glass fiber cloth, carbon fiber cloth, aramid cloth, polyethylene woven cloth, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber single-oriented orthogonal prepreg cloth, and basalt fiber cloth.
5. The lightweight armor of claim 1, wherein said composite encapsulated ceramic structure is encapsulated by:
cutting the fiber cloth into a plurality of ceramic packaging woven belts matched with the shapes of the ceramic small blocks, weaving the ceramic packaging woven belts according to a plain woven fabric weaving mode, and packaging each ceramic small block in a space formed at the intersection of each ceramic packaging woven belt to obtain a ceramic plate with the woven belts woven in a plain weave mode;
and then respectively bonding at least one layer of fiber cloth on the upper surface and the lower surface of the ceramic plate which is woven by the plain weaving of the woven tape through an adhesive, and forming a composite packaging ceramic structure after subsequent curing and forming.
6. The lightweight armor of claim 1, wherein said titanium foam sheet is a titanium-based hollow material having a thickness of 1mm to 5mm and a porosity of 20% to 70%.
7. The light weight armor of claim 1, wherein the fiber laminate is one or more of a glass fiber laminate, a carbon fiber laminate, an aramid laminate, and an ultra high molecular weight polyethylene laminate.
8. The light weight armor of claim 1, wherein the backing layer comprises:
a titanium foam plate bonded to the composite packaging ceramic structure;
a fiber laminate bonded to the titanium foam sheet.
9. A method of making a lightweight armor according to any of claims 1-8, comprising the steps of:
and compounding the composite packaging ceramic structure and the back plate layer by adopting an adhesive to obtain the lightweight armor.
10. The method for preparing the composite material according to claim 9, wherein the compounding is performed by hot press molding; the hot-press molding temperature is 25-120 ℃, the pressure is 0.1-10 MPa, and the time is 5 s-48 h.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116907290A (en) * | 2023-08-17 | 2023-10-20 | 咸宁海威复合材料制品有限公司 | Forming method of composite armor resistant to multiple armor piercing combustion bomb |
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| CN111272017A (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2020-06-12 | 湖南大学 | Ultralight bullet-resistant composite board suitable for manufacturing light combat tank |
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| TWM249007U (en) * | 2004-01-14 | 2004-11-01 | Hocheng Corp | Fixing structure for bulletproof ceramics |
| CN110749235A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-02-04 | 北京同益中新材料科技股份有限公司 | Ultra-light armor product and preparation method thereof |
| CN111174641A (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2020-05-19 | 中航装甲科技有限公司 | Woven composite ceramic bulletproof panel and preparation method thereof |
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