CN112011704B - Preparation method of rare earth aluminum titanium boron grain refiner - Google Patents
Preparation method of rare earth aluminum titanium boron grain refiner Download PDFInfo
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- CN112011704B CN112011704B CN202010651318.1A CN202010651318A CN112011704B CN 112011704 B CN112011704 B CN 112011704B CN 202010651318 A CN202010651318 A CN 202010651318A CN 112011704 B CN112011704 B CN 112011704B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/003—Alloys based on aluminium containing at least 2.6% of one or more of the elements: tin, lead, antimony, bismuth, cadmium, and titanium
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a rare earth aluminum titanium boron grain refiner, which comprises the following steps of weighing raw materials: aluminum ingots, potassium fluotitanate, potassium fluoborate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, cryolite, and rare earth oxides or fluorides and calcium metal; heating the raw materials to melt aluminum ingots, and adding a mixed salt of potassium fluotitanate and potassium fluoborate to react; stirring until the melt reacts completely, preserving heat, removing slag, adding sodium chloride, potassium chloride, cryolite, rare earth oxide or rare earth fluoride and metallic calcium for reaction; stirring until the melt is completely reacted, refining, keeping the temperature, slagging off, and casting to obtain a rare earth aluminum titanium boron grain refiner; the rare earth aluminum titanium boron grain refiner comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.0-10.0% of titanium, 0.5-5.0% of boron, 0.1-5.0% of rare earth and the balance of aluminum. The invention can reduce the energy consumption in the preparation process of the rare earth aluminum titanium boron alloy, reduce the cost and improve TiAl in the refiner3、TiB2The grain refiner with higher refining performance is obtained by the size, the shape and the distribution of the particles.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to an aluminum alloy application technology, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a rare earth aluminum titanium boron grain refiner.
Background
The aluminum alloy has light weight, excellent cost performance and good comprehensive performance, and is widely applied to the fields of machinery, automobiles, aviation, military industry and the like. To obtain an aluminum alloy with excellent overall properties, grain refinement is one of the most important means. The yield strength of the material can be increased along with the reduction of the grain size, and in addition, the fine equiaxed grain structure can improve the toughness of the material, and ensure good casting forming performance, surface smoothness and excellent processing performance of the material. Therefore, a fine uniform equiaxed crystal structure is an ideal as-cast structure.
The methods for obtaining the ideal as-cast structure are divided into two major types, namely a physical method and a chemical method, wherein the physical method comprises a rapid cooling method, a physical field refining method, a mechanical physical refining method and the like; the rapid cooling method is suitable for producing simple small castings or powder products, the improvement of the structure of large-scale thick-section castings is difficult to realize, and meanwhile, the method is difficult to operate and has large human factors; the metal treated by the physical field refining method has high purity, but the required production equipment is complex and has high energy consumption; the mechanical physical refining method has complex operation and unstable refining effect. The chemical method is to add grain refiner to promote the nucleation of crystal grains or to inhibit the growth of crystal nucleus to achieve the purpose of fine grain. At present, adding a grain refiner into an aluminum melt is considered to be the most effective and practical grain refining method in the aluminum processing industry, and has the advantages of quick action, good refining effect, convenient operation, strong adaptability and the like. However, the most commonly used grain refiners at present are Al-Ti-B refiners, which have some problems: TiB2The particles are easy to aggregate, and the precipitate loses the thinning capability; b is easy to have poisoning reaction with Cr and Zr, and loses refinement capability; TiB in customary refiners2Particles, TiAl3The phase can become less than 1% of the effective heterogeneous nucleation core, and the refining capability needs to be improved.
The rare earth has a special electron layer structure and very active chemical properties, so that not only can the TiB in Al-Ti-B be improved2、TiAl3The shape and distribution of the particles can also refine TiB2、TiAl3The size of the particles is such that,thereby increasing the number of crystal nuclei of the alterant and improving the TiB2The particles are uniformly distributed and basically have no TiB2The aggregated agglomerates can be ensured to be in a suspension state for a long time in the melt, and are not easy to precipitate, and the metamorphic nucleation effect is fully exerted, so that the refining effect of the quaternary intermediate alloy is enhanced. The production process of the Al-5Ti-1B-RE intermediate alloy commonly used at present is divided into an oxide method, a villiaumite method, a pure titanium particle method and the like according to raw materials, and the production process is divided into the following steps: electrolytic process, aluminothermic process, self-propagating high-temperature synthesis process, etc., and the current common processes are fluoride salt process and pure titanium granule process. The pure titanium particle method is to use pure aluminum, titanium powder, boron powder and rare earth aluminum alloy (rare earth carbonate) as raw materials, uniformly mix the raw materials and sinter the raw materials at high temperature. The fluoride salt method is still the most widely applied process method at present, and the methods for producing rare earth aluminum titanium boron by using the fluoride salt method mainly comprise the following two methods: one is that rare earth is added into an aluminum titanium boron fluoride salt system in a metal form to prepare rare earth aluminum titanium boron; the second is that rare earth is added into an aluminum titanium boron fluoride salt system in the form of rare earth intermediate alloy to prepare rare earth aluminum titanium boron. The first mode has serious rare earth metal burning loss and low rare earth yield, and the second mode has long flow, high process energy consumption and high cost, and the two modes are used for treating TiAl in Al-Ti-B3、TiB2The particle morphology and size improvement effect is not significant.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a rare earth aluminum titanium boron grain refiner, which can reduce energy consumption in the preparation process of rare earth aluminum titanium boron alloy, reduce cost and improve TiAl in the refiner3、TiB2The grain refiner with higher refining performance is obtained by the size, the shape and the distribution of the particles.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the rare earth aluminum titanium boron grain refiner is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 1.0-10.0% of titanium, 0.5-5.0% of boron, 0.1-5.0% of rare earth and the balance of aluminum.
Further, rare earth elements are selected from: one or more of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, gadolinium, erbium, yttrium and scandium.
Further, 0-5.0% of lanthanum, 0-5.0% of cerium, 0-5.0% of praseodymium, 0-5.0% of neodymium, 0-5.0% of samarium, 0-5.0% of gadolinium, 0-5.0% of erbium, 0-3.0% of yttrium and 0-3.0% of scandium.
The preparation method of the rare earth aluminum titanium boron grain refiner comprises the following steps:
weighing raw materials, wherein the raw materials comprise: aluminum ingots, potassium fluotitanate, potassium fluoborate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, cryolite, and rare earth oxides or fluorides and calcium metal;
heating the raw materials to melt the aluminum ingot, controlling the melt temperature at 750-850 ℃, and adding a mixed salt of potassium fluotitanate and potassium fluoborate to react;
stirring until the melt reacts completely, keeping the temperature and removing slag, adding sodium chloride, potassium chloride, cryolite, rare earth oxide or rare earth fluoride and metallic calcium for reaction, and controlling the reaction temperature at 1000-1100 ℃;
stirring until the melt is completely reacted, refining, keeping the temperature, slagging off, and casting to obtain a rare earth aluminum titanium boron grain refiner; the rare earth aluminum titanium boron grain refiner comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.0-10.0% of titanium, 0.5-5.0% of boron, 0.1-5.0% of rare earth and the balance of aluminum.
Preferably, after the aluminum ingot is melted to reach the temperature, the mixed salt of the potassium fluoborate and the potassium fluotitanate which are mixed in proportion and wrapped by the aluminum foil is added in batches for reaction.
Preferably, the sodium chloride, the potassium chloride, the cryolite and the rare earth oxide which are mixed according to the proportion and wrapped by aluminum foil are added in batches for reaction.
Preferably, the mixture is added in batches and is wrapped by aluminum foil or a mixed salt of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, cryolite, metallic calcium and rare earth fluoride for reaction.
Preferably, the heat preservation temperature is 1000-.
Preferably, the produced rare earth aluminum titanium boron alloy is used as a rare earth aluminum titanium boron grain refiner, and is cast into ingots or cast rods, and then extruded into wires or continuously cast and rolled into wires.
Preferably, the heating melting adopts an induction furnace, a resistance furnace, a gas furnace or an electric arc furnace; refining with argon, nitrogen or refining agent for 5-60min, and stirring for 10-150 min.
The invention has the technical effects that:
the invention can reduce the energy consumption in the preparation process of the rare earth aluminum titanium boron, reduce the cost and improve TiAl in the refiner3、TiB2The grain refiner with higher refining performance is obtained by the size, the shape and the distribution of the particles.
1. The equipment required by the process is simple, and the rare earth comes from rare earth oxide or fluoride, and has lower price than rare earth metal and rare earth intermediate alloy;
2. the technology of the invention combines a fluoride salt method to prepare Al-Ti-B + aluminothermic reduction method or a calthermic reduction method to prepare Al-RE intermediate alloy, and the AlTiB-RE is prepared in one step, the period is short, and the energy consumption and the cost are low.
3. The rare earth aluminum titanium boron alloy prepared by the technology improves TiAl in the refiner3Phase, TiB2The size, the shape and the distribution of the particles solve the problem of TiB2The rare earth aluminum titanium boron alloy has no Cr and Zr poisoning phenomenon, has obvious refining effect, quick refining time and long refining duration, and is suitable for various refining addition modes such as online refining, furnace refining and the like.
Detailed Description
The following description sufficiently illustrates specific embodiments of the invention to enable those skilled in the art to practice and reproduce it.
The preparation method of the rare earth aluminum titanium boron grain refiner comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: weighing raw materials, wherein the raw materials comprise: aluminum ingots, potassium fluotitanate, potassium fluoborate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, cryolite, and rare earth oxides or fluorides and calcium metal;
step 2: heating the raw materials to melt the aluminum ingot, controlling the melt temperature at 750-850 ℃, and adding a mixed salt of potassium fluotitanate and potassium fluoborate to react;
the raw material is heated and melted by an induction furnace, a resistance furnace, a gas furnace or an electric arc furnace. After the aluminum ingot is melted to reach the temperature, the mixed salt of the potassium fluoborate and the potassium fluotitanate which are mixed in proportion and wrapped by the aluminum foil is added in batches for reaction. The stirring time is 10-150 min.
And step 3: stirring until the melt reacts completely, keeping the temperature and removing slag, adding sodium chloride, potassium chloride, cryolite, rare earth oxide or rare earth fluoride and metallic calcium for reaction, and controlling the reaction temperature at 1000-1100 ℃;
adding sodium chloride, potassium chloride, cryolite and rare earth oxide which are mixed in proportion and wrapped by aluminum foil or mixed salt of the sodium chloride, the potassium chloride, the cryolite, the calcium metal and the rare earth fluoride into the melt after the slag removal in batches for reaction.
And 4, step 4: stirring until the melt is completely reacted, refining, keeping the temperature, slagging off, and casting to obtain a rare earth aluminum titanium boron grain refiner; the rare earth aluminum titanium boron grain refiner comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.0-10.0% of titanium, 0.5-5.0% of boron, 0.1-5.0% of rare earth and the balance of aluminum.
The produced rare earth aluminum titanium boron alloy is used as a rare earth aluminum titanium boron grain refiner, and is cast into ingots or cast rods, and then extruded into wires or continuously cast and rolled into wires. Selecting rare earth elements: one or more of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, gadolinium, erbium, yttrium and scandium. Wherein, the rare earth element yttrium is 0-3.0%, and the rare earth element scandium is 0-3.0%.
Refining with argon, nitrogen or refining agent for 5-60min, and stirring for 10-150 min. The heat preservation temperature is 1000-1100 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5-60 min.
Example 1
(1) Weighing aluminum ingots, potassium fluoborate, potassium fluotitanate, cryolite, sodium chloride, potassium chloride and lanthanum oxide according to requirements;
(2) heating and melting industrial pure aluminum in an induction furnace, adding potassium fluoborate and potassium fluotitanate mixed salt mixed according to the specification in batches for multiple times to react, and controlling the temperature of a melt after heating and melting to be 800 ℃;
(3) stirring until the melt is completely reacted, slagging off, and stirring for 60 min;
(4) adding mixed salt of cryolite, sodium chloride, potassium chloride and lanthanum oxide which are mixed according to the specification into the melt after slag skimming for multiple times in batches, and controlling the temperature at 1000 ℃;
(5) stirring for 60min until the melt is completely reacted, wherein argon is adopted for refining, and the refining time is 10 min;
(6) carrying out heat preservation, slagging off and casting into a rod to obtain rare earth aluminum titanium boron alloy; extruding into filaments after forming the rods, and keeping the temperature at 1000 ℃ for 60 min.
The rare earth aluminum titanium boron alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 4.8% of titanium, 1.2% of boron, 3.0% of La3 and the balance of aluminum.
Example 2
(1) Weighing aluminum ingots, potassium fluoborate, potassium fluotitanate, cryolite, sodium chloride, potassium chloride and cerium oxide according to requirements;
(2) heating and melting industrial pure aluminum in an induction furnace, adding potassium fluoborate and potassium fluotitanate mixed salt mixed according to the specification in batches for multiple times to react, and controlling the temperature of a melt after heating and melting to be 800 ℃;
(3) stirring until the melt is completely reacted, slagging off, and stirring for 60 min;
(4) adding mixed salt of cryolite, sodium chloride, potassium chloride and lanthanum oxide which are mixed according to the specification into the melt after slag skimming for multiple times in batches, and controlling the temperature at 1000 ℃;
(5) stirring for 60min until the melt is completely reacted, and refining for 10min by adopting argon;
(6) carrying out heat preservation, slagging off and casting into a rod to obtain rare earth aluminum titanium boron alloy; extruding into filaments after forming the rods, and keeping the temperature at 1000 ℃ for 60 min.
The rare earth aluminum titanium boron alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 5.56% of titanium, 1.09% of boron, 3.08% of Ce3, and the balance of aluminum.
Example 3
(1) Weighing aluminum ingots, potassium fluoborate, potassium fluotitanate, calcium metal, cryolite, sodium chloride, potassium chloride and yttrium fluoride according to requirements;
(2) heating and melting industrial pure aluminum in an induction furnace, adding potassium fluoborate and potassium fluotitanate mixed salt mixed according to the specification in batches for multiple times to react, and controlling the temperature of a melt after heating and melting to be 800 ℃;
(3) stirring until the melt is completely reacted, slagging off, and stirring for 60 min;
(4) adding cryolite, sodium chloride, mixed salt of potassium chloride and yttrium fluoride and metallic calcium which are mixed according to the specification into the melt after slag skimming for a plurality of times in batches, and controlling the temperature at 1000 ℃;
(5) stirring for 60min until the melt is completely reacted, and refining for 10min by adopting argon;
(6) carrying out heat preservation, slagging off and casting into a rod to obtain rare earth aluminum titanium boron alloy; extruding into filaments after forming the rods, and keeping the temperature at 1000 ℃ for 60 min.
The rare earth aluminum titanium boron alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 4.74 percent of titanium, 0.74 percent of boron, 0.30 percent of Y and the balance of aluminum.
Example 4
(1) Weighing aluminum ingot, potassium fluoborate, potassium fluotitanate, metallic calcium, cryolite, sodium chloride, potassium chloride and scandium fluoride according to requirements;
(2) heating and melting industrial pure aluminum in an induction furnace, adding mixed potassium fluoborate and potassium fluotitanate salt mixed according to the specification in batches for multiple times to react, and controlling the temperature of a melt after heating and melting to be 800 ℃;
(3) stirring until the melt is completely reacted, and then slagging off, wherein the stirring time is 60 min;
(4) adding cryolite, sodium chloride, mixed salt of potassium chloride and scandium fluoride and metallic calcium which are mixed according to the specification into the melt after slag skimming for a plurality of times in batches, and controlling the temperature at 1000 ℃;
(5) stirring for 60min until the melt is completely reacted, wherein argon is adopted for refining, and the refining time is 10 min;
(6) carrying out heat preservation, slagging off and casting into a rod to obtain rare earth aluminum titanium boron alloy; extruding into filaments after forming the rods, and keeping the temperature at 1000 ℃ for 60 min.
The rare earth aluminum titanium boron alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 6.45% of titanium, 1.05% of boron, 0.27% of Sc and the balance of aluminum.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and illustration, rather than of limitation. As the present invention may be embodied in several forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof, it should also be understood that the above-described embodiments are not limited by any of the details of the foregoing description, but rather should be construed broadly within its spirit and scope as defined in the appended claims, and therefore all changes and modifications that fall within the meets and bounds of the claims, or equivalences of such meets and bounds are therefore intended to be embraced by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A preparation method of a rare earth aluminum titanium boron grain refiner comprises the following steps:
weighing raw materials, wherein the raw materials comprise: aluminum ingots, potassium fluotitanate, potassium fluoborate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, cryolite, and rare earth oxides or fluorides and calcium metal;
heating the raw materials to melt the aluminum ingot, controlling the melt temperature at 750-850 ℃, and adding a mixed salt of potassium fluotitanate and potassium fluoborate to react;
stirring until the melt reacts completely, keeping the temperature and removing slag, adding sodium chloride, potassium chloride, cryolite, rare earth oxide or rare earth fluoride and metallic calcium for reaction, and controlling the reaction temperature at 1000-1100 ℃;
stirring until the melt is completely reacted, refining, keeping the temperature, slagging off, and casting to obtain a rare earth aluminum titanium boron grain refiner; the rare earth aluminum titanium boron grain refiner comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.0-10.0% of titanium, 0.5-5.0% of boron, 0.1-5.0% of rare earth and the balance of aluminum.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the aluminum ingot is melted to a temperature, and then the mixed salt of potassium fluoroborate and potassium fluorotitanate, which is mixed in proportion and coated with aluminum foil, is added in portions to react.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the mixed salt of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, cryolite, calcium metal and rare earth fluoride, which are mixed in proportion and coated with aluminum foil, is added in portions to react.
4. The method for preparing a rare earth aluminum titanium boron grain refiner as claimed in claim 1, wherein the produced rare earth aluminum titanium boron alloy is used as the rare earth aluminum titanium boron grain refiner, and is cast into ingots or cast rods, and then is extruded into wires or is continuously cast and rolled into wires.
5. The method for preparing a rare earth aluminum titanium boron grain refiner as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature-raising melting is performed by an induction furnace, a resistance furnace, a gas furnace or an electric arc furnace; refining with argon, nitrogen or refining agent for 5-60 min.
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| CN114150173A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-03-08 | 福建省漳平市九鼎氟化工有限公司 | Al-Ti-C-Sc intermediate alloy refiner and preparation method thereof |
| CN115505777A (en) * | 2022-10-08 | 2022-12-23 | 秦皇岛峰越科技有限公司 | Preparation method of aluminum-lanthanum-boron-titanium grain refiner |
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| CN107988499A (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-05-04 | 包头稀土研究院 | The method that fused salt thermal reduction prepares aluminium erbium intermediate alloy |
| CN108118202A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-06-05 | 包头稀土研究院 | The method that calciothermy prepares aluminium yttrium intermediate alloy |
| CN108130444A (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2018-06-08 | 包头稀土研究院 | The preparation method of Al-Ti-B-RE Grain Refiner |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107988499A (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-05-04 | 包头稀土研究院 | The method that fused salt thermal reduction prepares aluminium erbium intermediate alloy |
| CN108130444A (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2018-06-08 | 包头稀土研究院 | The preparation method of Al-Ti-B-RE Grain Refiner |
| CN108118202A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-06-05 | 包头稀土研究院 | The method that calciothermy prepares aluminium yttrium intermediate alloy |
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