CN112011230A - 低挥发性有机化合物的水性涂料组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种低挥发性有机化合物的水性涂料组合物，包括水性聚合物分散体和表面活性剂，表面活性剂的结构为N‑[CH2‑O‑(RO)n‑H]3，水性树脂与表面活性剂的质量比为100:（1‑10）。通过在水性涂料中添加含有烷氧基链段的聚醚基胺作为表面活性剂，可以大幅减少挥发性有机化合物的使用，同时增加水性涂料的开膜时间，改善水性涂料的防冻性和涂料膜的抗沾污性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于水性涂料领域，特别是涉及一种低挥发性有机化合物的水性涂料组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
水性涂料组合物中，通常会添加一定量的挥发性有机化合物（VOC）来改善水性涂料的相应性能。其中最常用的挥发性有机化合物包括乙二醇、甲醇、甲醛、甲苯、氯苯等。这些挥发性有机化合物大都具有一定的危害性，会产生严重的环境问题。近年来，随着环境保护的意识和相关的工作的不断深入，具有低挥发性有机化合物的水性涂料组合物相较于那些添加有较多的挥发性有机化合物的涂料更受欢迎和重视，每升水性涂料组合物中所含有的挥发性有机化合物小于5g或更低已经成为环保水性涂料行业内的潜在要求。因此，大量的研究被投入到如何在将各种挥发性有机化合物从水性涂料中剔除后而不影响水性涂料的性能方面。
然而，目前仍然没有很好的解决方案，为此，本发明的发明人通过大量的试验研究发现，含有烷氧基链段的聚醚基胺可以替换水性涂料中的挥发性有机化合物，并增加水性涂料的开膜时间，改善水性涂料的防冻性和涂料膜的抗沾污性能。
发明内容
为了解决现有的水性涂料中存在的挥发性有机化合物含量高或者挥发性有机化合物含量低但是涂料性能差的问题，本发明旨在提供一种低挥发性有机化合物的水性涂料组合物及其制备方法。本发明中，通过在水性涂料中添加含有烷氧基链段的聚醚基胺作为表面活性剂，可以大幅减少挥发性有机化合物的使用，同时增加水性涂料的开膜时间，改善水性涂料的防冻性和涂料膜的抗沾污性能。
本发明的具体解决方案如下：
一种低挥发性有机化合物的水性涂料组合物，包括水性聚合物分散体和表面活性剂，其特征在于：表面活性剂的结构如式（1）所示，水性树脂与表面活性剂的质量比为100:（1-10）；
N-[CH2-O-(RO)n-H]3 （1）
其中，R为选自C2-C4的亚烷基，n表示聚合度，为60-120的整数。
进一步地，式（1）所示的含有烷氧基链段的聚醚基胺中，三个支链末端的H均可被磺酸基团、磺酸盐基团、苯磺酸基团或苯磺酸盐基团替换。
进一步地，所述磺酸盐或苯磺酸盐选自碱金属盐和铵盐。
其中，所述水性聚合物分散体可以是水性树脂，所述水性树脂选自水性丙烯酸树脂、水性聚氨酯树脂、水性环氧树脂。
进一步地，所述水性聚合物分散体还可以是由50-70wt%的丙烯酸烷基酯或甲基丙烯酸烷基酯与20-40wt%的含乙烯基的芳香族衍生物的混合物与1-10wt%不饱和多元羧酸进行聚合反应得到的产物。
其中，对于丙烯酸烷基酯，可以列举的是丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸正丙酯、丙烯酸异丙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸异丁酯、丙烯酸正己酯、丙烯酸正辛酯。
其中，对于甲基丙烯烷基酯，可以列举的是甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸正丙酯、甲基丙烯酸异丙酯、甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、甲基丙烯酸异丁酯、甲基丙烯酸正己酯、甲基丙烯酸正辛酯。
其中，对于含乙烯基的芳香族衍生物，可以列举的是苯乙烯、2-甲基苯乙烯、2-正丁基苯乙烯、4-甲基苯乙烯、4-正丁基苯乙烯。
其中，对于不饱和多元羧酸，可以列举的是丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、丁烯酸、2-乙基丙烯酸。
进一步地，所述低挥发性有机化合物的水性涂料组合物中，还包括一种或多种颜料，所述颜料的含量为1-10wt%，选自二氧化钛、二氧化硅、碳酸钙、氧化铝、氧化锌。
本发明中，通过在水性涂料中添加含有烷氧基链段的聚醚基胺作为表面活性剂，可以大幅减少挥发性有机化合物的使用，同时增加水性涂料的开膜时间，改善水性涂料的防冻性和涂料膜的抗沾污性能。
具体实施方式
以下是本发明的部分具体实施例，并非全部。
实施例1
分别将市售的水性丙烯酸树脂、水性聚氨酯树脂、水性环氧树脂制成水性聚合物分散体与式（1）所示的表面活性剂混合制成低挥发性有机化合物的水性涂料组合物，分别标记为实施例1-A、实施例1-B、实施例1-C。其中，各个实施例中，水性树脂与表面活性剂的质量比为100：5。
N-[CH2-O-(RO)n-H]3 （1）
式（1）中，R是 C2的亚烷基，n为80。
首先，对各个实施例中得到的低挥发性有机化合物的水性涂料组合物进行VOC含量的测试，测试方法依据GB 18582-2008中的相关要求实施，结果如后续表中所示。
其次，对于低挥发性有机化合物的水性涂料组合物的开膜时间的测试，参考巴斯夫欧洲公司在WO2014/058864中所使用的相关方法实施，结果如后续表中所示。
最后，对于低挥发性有机化合物的水性涂料组合物的防冻性测试，首先，参考ASTMD 562-2001标准，通过布氏粘度计测试其KU值，然后将所得到的三种水性涂料组合物分别在零下5℃的环境中保温5小时，然后在25℃的环境中融化，重复该冻、融过程三次。然后，再次测试水性涂料组合物的KU值，计算出两次测试得到的KU值之差，
小于15即为合格，其余为不合格。
此外，为了进行对比，设置了一个对比例1，相较于实施例1，在对比例1中，没有添加本发明所使用的表面活性剂。
表1 实施例1的相关性能测试结果
| VOC含量 | 开膜时间 |
 |
|
| 实施例1-A | 小于2g/L | 10min | 5.3 |
| 实施例1-B | 小于2g/L | 10min | 4.8 |
| 实施例1C | 小于2g/L | 10min | 4.9 |
| 对比例1 | 小于2g/L | 3min | 19 |
实施例2
一种低挥发性有机化合物的水性涂料组合物，包括水性聚合物分散体、表面活性剂、颜料，表面活性剂的结构如式（1）所示：
N-[CH2-O-(RO)n-H]3 （1）
其中，R为C3的亚烷基，n为100；水性树脂、表面活性剂和颜料的质量比为100:5:5。
其中，颜料为二氧化钛。
其中，水性聚合物分散体是由60wt%的丙烯酸烷基酯或甲基丙烯酸烷基酯与30wt%的含乙烯基的芳香族衍生物的混合物与10wt%不饱和多元羧酸进行聚合反应得到的产物。
分别设置了三个实施例，记为实施例2-A、实施例2-B、实施例2-C。在实施例2-A中，水性聚合物分散体是由60wt%的丙烯酸甲酯与30wt%的苯乙烯的混合物与10wt%甲基丙烯酸进行聚合反应得到的产物。在实施例2-B中，水性聚合物分散体是由60wt%的甲基丙烯酸乙酯与30wt%的2-甲基苯乙烯的混合物与10wt%丙烯酸进行聚合反应得到的产物。在实施例2-C中，水性聚合物分散体是由60wt%的甲基丙烯酸异丙酯与30wt%的2-正丁基苯乙烯的混合物与10wt%丁烯酸进行聚合反应得到的产物。
在实施例2中，除了参考实施例1中对低挥发性有机化合物的水性涂料组合物进行了VOC含量的测试、开膜时间的测试、防冻性测试之外，还进行了涂料膜的防沾污测试。
对于涂料膜的防沾污测试，参考GB/T9780-2013的相关要求，先将水性涂料组合物涂布在基片上，经干燥固化。然后用浸泡了污染物的纱布对涂料膜进行沾污处理10min，污染物有三种，为醋、墨水、油污。然后对涂料膜进行擦洗和水冲洗，干燥，测试涂料膜在沾污前后的反射指数Y1、Y2，并计算Y1/Y2的比值，比值越高越好。
此外，为了进行对比，设置了一个对比例2，相较于实施例2，在对比例2中，没有添加本发明所使用的表面活性剂。
表2 实施例2的相关性能测试结果
| VOC含量 | 开膜时间 |
 |
醋的Y1/Y2 | 墨水的Y1/Y2 | 油污的Y1/Y2 | |
| 实施例1-A | 小于2g/L | 10min | 5.6 | 0.95 | 0.85 | 0.98 |
| 实施例1-B | 小于2g/L | 10min | 5.0 | 0.93 | 0.83 | 0.97 |
| 实施例1C | 小于2g/L | 10min | 5.1 | 0.94 | 0.82 | 0.98 |
| 对比例1 | 小于2g/L | 3min | 20 | 0.83 | 0.72 | 0.86 |
可以发现，在实施例1和2中，通过对本发明制得的低挥发性有机化合物的水性涂料组合物及其涂覆膜的性能进行测试，表明本申请的低挥发性有机化合物的水性涂料组合物不仅可以大幅减少挥发性有机化合物的使用，同时还能够增加水性涂料的开膜时间，改善水性涂料的防冻性和涂料膜的抗沾污性能。
Claims (7)
1.一种低挥发性有机化合物的水性涂料组合物，包括水性聚合物分散体和表面活性剂，其特征在于：表面活性剂的结构如式（1）所示，水性树脂与表面活性剂的质量比为100:（1-10）；
N-[CH2-O-(RO)n-H]3 （1）
其中，R为选自C2-C4的亚烷基，n表示聚合度，为60-120的整数。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种低挥发性有机化合物的水性涂料组合物，其特征在于：式（1）所示的含有烷氧基链段的聚醚基胺中，三个支链末端的H均被磺酸基团、磺酸盐基团、苯磺酸基团或苯磺酸盐基团替换。
3.如权利要求2所述的一种低挥发性有机化合物的水性涂料组合物，其特征在于：所述磺酸盐或苯磺酸盐选自碱金属盐和铵盐。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种低挥发性有机化合物的水性涂料组合物，其特征在于：所述水性聚合物分散体可以是水性树脂，所述水性树脂选自水性丙烯酸树脂、水性聚氨酯树脂、水性环氧树脂。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种低挥发性有机化合物的水性涂料组合物，其特征在于：所述水性聚合物分散体还可以是由50-70wt%的丙烯酸烷基酯或甲基丙烯酸烷基酯与20-40wt%的含乙烯基的芳香族衍生物的混合物与1-10wt%不饱和多元羧酸进行聚合反应得到的产物。
6.如权利要求5所述的一种低挥发性有机化合物的水性涂料组合物，其特征在于：所述丙烯酸烷基酯选自丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸正丙酯、丙烯酸异丙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸异丁酯、丙烯酸正己酯或丙烯酸正辛酯中的一种或多种；所述甲基丙烯烷基酯选自甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸正丙酯、甲基丙烯酸异丙酯、甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、甲基丙烯酸异丁酯、甲基丙烯酸正己酯或甲基丙烯酸正辛酯中的一种或多种；所述含乙烯基的芳香族衍生物选自苯乙烯、2-甲基苯乙烯、2-正丁基苯乙烯、4-甲基苯乙烯或4-正丁基苯乙烯中的一种或多种；所述不饱和多元羧酸选自丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、丁烯酸或2-乙基丙烯酸中的一种或多种。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种低挥发性有机化合物的水性涂料组合物，其特征在于：所述低挥发性有机化合物的水性涂料组合物中，还包括一种或多种颜料，所述颜料的含量为1-10wt%，选自二氧化钛、二氧化硅、碳酸钙、氧化铝、氧化锌。
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