CN112008822A - Method for manufacturing high-outturn-rate wood physical and mechanical test material - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing high-outturn-rate wood physical and mechanical test material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for manufacturing a physical and mechanical test material of wood with high outturn percentage, which mainly comprises the steps of (1) removing impurities and cutting off; sawing along the first sawing path to obtain two sections of semi-circular materials; sawing along a second sawing path to cut out a rough edge plate; sawing along a third sawing path to obtain a fan-shaped log section; sawing along a fourth sawing path to cut out a rough edge plate; sawing along a fifth sawing path to cut off a wedge part; sawing along a sixth sawing path to cut out a rough edge plate; sawing along a seventh sawing path to cut off a wedge part; sawing along an eighth sawing path to cut out a rough edge plate; step (10), deburring; step (11), drying; step (12), planing; and (13) manufacturing a test piece. The plate has high utilization rate and high outturn rate, reduces the waste of the plate, protects germplasm resources and ensures that the number of samples meets the national standard requirement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wood sawing, and relates to a method for manufacturing a physical and mechanical test material of wood with high outturn rate.
Background
In the process of wood performance test or functional improvement, the raw wood needs to be sawn into boards, and the boards are processed into test pieces with various specifications according to the national standard after being dried. Logs are typically sawn using raw edge or symmetrical down sawing. The wood physical mechanics test specimen has strict requirements on wood texture, namely the manufactured specimen has standard cross section, radial section and chord section. When the plates sawed by the common sawing method are processed into physical and mechanical test pieces with various specifications, only a small part of wood in the middle of one plate meets the requirement, most of the plates are wasted, the yield is low, and the quantity of collected sample wood is required to be sufficient. The diameter grade of artificial forest tree species (such as eucalyptus and fir) is usually not large, and a large amount of sample trees are usually required to be collected in order to meet the national standard sampling requirement. Some sample wood relates to the problem of germplasm resource protection, the number of collected sample wood is limited, test pieces are difficult to obtain, and the performance test or the functional improvement research of wood is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for manufacturing a physical and mechanical test material of wood with high outturn percentage, aiming at overcoming the defects of the prior art and ensuring that the quality resource is protected, the number of samples meets the national standard requirement and the utilization rate of the wood is improved.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
a method for manufacturing a physical and mechanical test material of wood with high outturn rate mainly comprises the following steps:
step (1), impurity removal and truncation: completely removing bark and other impurities on the surface of the log, and transversely cutting the log into log sections with the length of 1 m;
step (2), sawing along the first sawing path: selecting a section of log to be processed, feeding the log into a machine table of a sports car band saw for fixing, wherein the center of the cross section of the log section is over against a saw blade of the sports car band saw; starting a running car band saw to enable a saw blade to divide the log into two along a first saw path to obtain two sections of semi-circular wood;
and (3) sawing along a second sawing path: fixing the semi-circular material obtained in the step (2) on a sports car band saw machine table, wherein the cross section of the semi-circular material is over against a saw blade of the sports car band saw; starting a running car band saw to enable a saw blade to saw the semi-circular material into a burr plate along a second saw path;
and (4) sawing along a third sawing path: fixing the flat saw kerf of the residual semi-circular material cut off from the burr plate in the step (3) on a sports car band saw machine table downwards, wherein the flat saw kerf is obtained by sawing a saw blade along a second saw path; starting a running car band saw to enable a saw blade of the running car band saw to divide the semi-circular wood into two parts along a third saw path, and obtaining two fan-shaped log sections;
and (5) sawing along a fourth sawing path: fixing the flat saw kerf of the fan-shaped log section obtained in the step (4) downwards on a sports car band saw machine table, wherein the flat saw kerf is obtained by sawing a saw blade along a second saw path, and the cross section of the fan-shaped log section is over against the saw blade of the sports car band saw; starting a running car band saw to enable a saw blade of the running car band saw to saw a burr plate of the fan-shaped log section along a fourth saw path;
and (6) sawing along a fifth sawing path: cutting off the wedge-shaped part of the fan-shaped material obtained in the step (5) along a fifth saw path, wherein the width of a cutting surface is 23cm, and thus obtaining a trapezoid-like body;
and (7) sawing along a sixth sawing path: fixing the flat saw kerf of the trapezoid-like body obtained in the step (6) on a sports car band saw machine table downwards, wherein the flat saw kerf is obtained by sawing a saw blade along a fifth saw path; starting a running car band saw to enable a saw blade of the running car band saw to saw a rough edge plate along the center of the trapezoid-like body along a sixth saw path;
and (8) sawing along a seventh sawing path: cutting off a wedge-shaped part of the small fan-shaped material obtained after the burr plates are cut off in the step (7) along a seventh saw path, wherein the width of the cut surface is 23cm, and thus obtaining a small trapezoid-like body;
and (9) sawing along an eighth sawing path: fixing the flat saw kerf of the small trapezoid-like body obtained in the step (8) on a sports car band saw machine table downwards, wherein the flat saw kerf is obtained by sawing a saw blade along a seventh saw path; starting a running car band saw to enable a saw blade of the running car band saw to saw a rough edge plate along the center of the small trapezoid-like body along the eighth saw path;
step (10), deburring: removing burrs of the obtained burr plate to prepare a specification plate;
step (11), drying: sending the standard wood with the burrs removed into a wood drying kiln, drying until the water content of the wood is 11% -13%, and placing the wood in a shady and cool place to adjust the equilibrium water content until the water content of the wood reaches the local equilibrium water content;
step (12), polishing: sending the plate with the specification obtained in the step (11) into a double-sided press planer to carry out double-sided fixed-thickness planing;
step (13), manufacturing a test piece: and cutting the small test piece according to the national standard requirement.
Preferably, the thickness of the raw plate in the steps (3), (5), (7) and (9) is not less than 23 cm. The thickness of the rough edge plate is enough to be dry-shrunk and the processing allowance is left, the artificial forest dry-shrinkage is large, and therefore the thickness of the rough edge plate is not less than 23 cm.
Preferably, the diameter of the raw wood in the step (1) is greater than or equal to 14 cm.
Preferably, in step (1), the end of the log segment is cut off for decay, discoloration and wound during the cutting of the log segment.
Preferably, when the rough-edged board is sawn in the steps (3), (5), (7) and (9), the sawing path is adjusted left and right to enable the wood annual rings to be perpendicular to the sawing path, and after sawing, the standard radial-cut rough-edged board is obtained.
Preferably, the standard material in the step (11) is dried, and the drying temperature is not higher than 60 ℃.
Preferably, the double-sided fixed thickness dimension in the step (12) is 20cm, and the allowable error is ± 0.5 mm.
Preferably, the allowable error between the specification of the test piece in the step (13) and the size of the finally manufactured standard test piece is +/-0.5 mm. .
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the cross section, the diametral section and the chord section of the plate sawed by the sawing method are neat, the annual rings are parallel on the surface of the plate, each plate can be processed into a plurality of physical and mechanical test pieces which have different specifications and meet the requirements, the utilization rate of the plate is high, the outturn rate is high, the waste of the plate is reduced, the germplasm resources are protected, and the number of the samples is ensured to meet the national standard requirements.
2. The method has simple process and convenient operation, and maximally refers to the wood properties and growth characteristics of the artificial forest logs.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a manufacturing process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a partial sawing of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the first sawing path sawing of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the second sawing path of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the third and fourth sawing paths of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the fifth sawing path of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the sixth sawing path of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of the seventh sawing path of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic view of the eighth sawing lane sawing of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a conventional match-saw sawing process.
Fig. 11 is a schematic view of a conventional three-side down-saw.
The attached drawings are as follows:
1-a first saw lane, 2-a second saw lane, 3-a third saw lane, 4-a fourth saw lane, 5-a fifth saw lane, 6-a sixth saw lane, 7-a seventh saw lane, 8-an eighth saw lane.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1:
selecting 12 rapid-growing artificial forest eucalyptus clones which grow for 7 years and have the diameter at breast height of more than 14cm and the average diameter at breast height of about 18cm, and straightening in a dry form. And (3) cutting 3 sections of logs from the root of the trunk along the trunk direction by 0-2.0 m, 2.0-4.0 m and 4.0-6.0 m of each sample, wherein the length of the log is 2 m. According to GB/T192098-2009 general rule of Wood physical mechanical test methods, the maximum standard test pieces are selected for sawing and processing, namely the specifications are as follows: 20cm by 20 cm.
A method for manufacturing a physical and mechanical test material of wood with high outturn rate mainly comprises the following steps:
step (1), impurity removal and truncation: completely removing bark and other impurities on the surface of the log, and transversely cutting the log into log sections with the length of 1 m;
step (2), sawing along the first sawing path: selecting a section of log to be processed, feeding the log into a machine table of a sports car band saw for fixing, wherein the center of the cross section of the log section is over against a saw blade of the sports car band saw; starting a running car band saw to enable a saw blade to divide the log into two along a first saw path to obtain two sections of semi-circular wood;
and (3) sawing along a second sawing path: fixing the semi-circular material obtained in the step (2) on a sports car band saw machine table, wherein the cross section of the semi-circular material is over against a saw blade of the sports car band saw; starting a running car band saw to enable the saw blade to saw a rough edge plate with the width of 23cm along a second saw path;
and (4) sawing along a third sawing path: fixing the flat saw kerf of the residual semi-circular material cut off from the burr plate in the step (3) on a sports car band saw machine table downwards, wherein the flat saw kerf is obtained by sawing a saw blade along a second saw path; starting a running car band saw to enable a saw blade of the running car band saw to divide the semi-circular wood into two parts along a third saw path, and obtaining two fan-shaped log sections;
and (5) sawing along a fourth sawing path: fixing the flat saw kerf of the fan-shaped log section obtained in the step (4) downwards on a sports car band saw machine table, wherein the flat saw kerf is obtained by sawing a saw blade along a second saw path, and the cross section of the fan-shaped log section is over against the saw blade of the sports car band saw; starting a running car band saw to enable a saw blade of the running car band saw to saw a rough edge plate with the width of 23cm from the fan-shaped log section along a fourth saw path;
and (6) sawing along a fifth sawing path: cutting off the wedge-shaped part of the fan-shaped material obtained in the step (5) along a fifth saw path, wherein the width of a cutting surface is 23cm, and thus obtaining a trapezoid-like body;
and (7) sawing along a sixth sawing path: fixing the flat saw kerf of the trapezoid-like body obtained in the step (6) on a sports car band saw machine table downwards, wherein the flat saw kerf is obtained by sawing a saw blade along a fifth saw path; starting a running car band saw to enable a saw blade of the running car band saw to saw a rough edge plate with the width of 23cm along the center of the trapezoid-like body along a sixth saw path;
and (8) sawing along a seventh sawing path: cutting off a wedge-shaped part of the small fan-shaped material obtained after the burr plates are cut off in the step (7) along a seventh saw path, wherein the width of the cut surface is 23cm, and thus obtaining a small trapezoid-like body;
and (9) sawing along an eighth sawing path: fixing the flat saw kerf of the small trapezoid-like body obtained in the step (8) on a sports car band saw machine table downwards, wherein the flat saw kerf is obtained by sawing a saw blade along a seventh saw path; starting a running car band saw to enable a saw blade of the running car band saw to saw a rough edge plate with the width of 23cm along the center of the small trapezoid-like body along the eighth saw path;
step (10), deburring: removing burrs of the obtained burr plate to prepare a specification plate;
step (11), drying: sending the standard wood with the burrs removed into a wood drying kiln, drying until the water content of the wood is 11% -13%, and placing the wood in a shady and cool place to adjust the equilibrium water content until the water content of the wood reaches the local equilibrium water content;
step (12), polishing: sending the plate with the specification obtained in the step (11) into a double-sided press planer to carry out double-sided fixed-thickness planing;
step (13), manufacturing a test piece: and cutting the small test piece according to the national standard requirement.
The diameter of the log in the step (1) is more than or equal to 14 cm.
In the step (1), in the process of cutting off the log segment, decay, discoloration and wounds at the end of the log segment are cut off.
When the rough edge plate is sawn and cut in the steps (3), (5), (7) and (9), the saw path is adjusted left and right to enable the wood annual rings to be perpendicular to the saw path, and after sawing processing, the standard radial cutting wood rough edge plate is obtained.
And (3) drying the specification material in the step (11), wherein the drying temperature is not higher than 60 ℃.
The double-sided thickness setting size in the step (12) is 20cm, and the allowable error is +/-0.5 mm.
And (4) the allowable error between the specification of the test piece in the step (13) and the size of the finally manufactured standard test piece is +/-0.5 mm. .
Comparative example 1 (under-cut wool board):
selecting 12 rapid-growing artificial forest eucalyptus clones which grow for 7 years and have the diameter at breast height of more than 14cm and the average diameter at breast height of about 18cm, and straightening in a dry form. And (3) cutting 3 sections of logs from the root of the trunk along the trunk direction by 0-2.0 m, 2.0-4.0 m and 4.0-6.0 m of each sample, wherein the length of the log is 2 m. According to GB/T192098-2009 general rule of Wood physical mechanical test methods, the maximum standard test pieces are selected for sawing and processing, namely the specifications are as follows: 20cm by 20 cm.
Any section of eucalyptus log is selected and sent into a machine table of a sports car band saw for fixing, and the center of the cross section of the log section is over against a saw blade of the sports car band saw; the running car band saw was started so that the saw blade saw a first side panel skin along the edge of the log, the side panel skin having a thickness of about 15cm, and then sawn off parallel in sequence along one side.
Preparing the obtained rough-edged boards into boards with specifications, feeding the boards into a wood drying kiln for drying until the moisture content of the wood is 11% -13%, stacking the dried boards in a ventilated and cool place, and adjusting the moisture content until the moisture content of the wood reaches the local equilibrium moisture content; and (4) performing double-sided fixed-thickness planing on the adjusted specification plate, and sawing a small test piece according to the national standard requirement.
Comparative example 2 (three-side sawing):
selecting 12 rapid-growing artificial forest eucalyptus clones which grow for 7 years and have the diameter at breast height of more than 14cm and the average diameter at breast height of about 18cm, and straightening in a dry form. And (3) cutting 3 sections of logs from the root of the trunk along the trunk direction by 0-2.0 m, 2.0-4.0 m and 4.0-6.0 m of each sample, wherein the length of the log is 2 m. According to GB/T192098-2009 general rule of Wood physical mechanical test methods, the maximum standard test pieces are selected for sawing and processing, namely the specifications are as follows: 20cm by 20 cm.
Any section of eucalyptus log is selected and sent into a machine table of a sports car band saw for fixing, and the center of the cross section of the log section is over against a saw blade of the sports car band saw; and starting a running car band saw to enable the saw blade to saw a first side board skin along the edge of the log, wherein the thickness of the side board skin is about 15cm, then turning the log outwards for 90 degrees, sawing the adjacent side board skin, and enabling the second side board skin to be the same as the first side board skin in thickness. Then the plates are sawn in sequence parallel to the sawing surface of the saw. When the saw is sawed to a certain degree, the saw blade is turned inwards at an angle of 180 degrees, then the saw blade is sawed off, and then the saw blade is sawed into plates in sequence.
Preparing the obtained rough-edged boards into boards with specifications, feeding the boards into a wood drying kiln for drying until the moisture content of the wood is 11% -13%, stacking the dried boards in a ventilated and cool place, and adjusting the moisture content until the moisture content of the wood reaches the local equilibrium moisture content; and (4) performing double-sided fixed-thickness planing on the adjusted specification plate, and sawing a small test piece according to the national standard requirement.
TABLE 1 outturn percentage of sawing method and specification sample
As can be seen from table 1, compared with the sawn timber yield of the conventional method of sawing the wool board (comparative example 1) and the three-side sawing method (comparative example 2), the method of the present invention (comparative example 1) and the three-side sawing method (comparative example 2) are slightly higher than the method of the present invention, and the standard sawn timber yield is respectively 8.31% and 1.83%. In the aspect of standard sample outturn rate, the number of the standard samples manufactured by the method is the largest, and then a rough plate lower sawing method (a comparative example 1) and a three-side lower sawing method (a comparative example 2) are carried out; the outturn percentage of the sample of the invention is respectively 17.5 percent and 25.81 percent higher than that of the wool board lower sawing method (comparative example 1) and the three-side lower sawing method (comparative example 2). It can be seen that, although the standard material yield of the invention is slightly lower than that of the rough board sawing method (comparative example 1) and the three-side sawing method (comparative example 2), the standard test piece quantity and the yield are far higher than those of the rough board sawing method (comparative example 1) and the three-side sawing method (comparative example 2).
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for manufacturing a physical and mechanical test material of wood with high outturn rate is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method mainly comprises the following steps:
step (1), impurity removal and truncation: completely removing bark and other impurities on the surface of the log, and transversely cutting the log into log sections with the length of 1 m;
step (2), sawing along the first sawing path: selecting a section of log to be processed, feeding the log into a machine table of a sports car band saw for fixing, wherein the center of the cross section of the log section is over against a saw blade of the sports car band saw; starting a running car band saw to enable a saw blade to divide the log into two along a first saw path to obtain two sections of semi-circular wood;
and (3) sawing along a second sawing path: fixing the semi-circular material obtained in the step (2) on a sports car band saw machine table, wherein the cross section of the semi-circular material is over against a saw blade of the sports car band saw; starting a running car band saw to enable a saw blade to saw the semi-circular material into a burr plate along a second saw path;
and (4) sawing along a third sawing path: fixing the flat saw kerf of the residual semi-circular material cut off from the burr plate in the step (3) on a sports car band saw machine table downwards, wherein the flat saw kerf is obtained by sawing a saw blade along a second saw path; starting a running car band saw to enable a saw blade of the running car band saw to divide the semi-circular wood into two parts along a third saw path, and obtaining two fan-shaped log sections;
and (5) sawing along a fourth sawing path: fixing the flat saw kerf of the fan-shaped log section obtained in the step (4) downwards on a sports car band saw machine table, wherein the flat saw kerf is obtained by sawing a saw blade along a second saw path, and the cross section of the fan-shaped log section is over against the saw blade of the sports car band saw; starting a running car band saw to enable a saw blade of the running car band saw to saw a burr plate of the fan-shaped log section along a fourth saw path;
and (6) sawing along a fifth sawing path: cutting off the wedge-shaped part of the fan-shaped material obtained in the step (5) along a fifth saw path, wherein the width of a cutting surface is 23cm, and thus obtaining a trapezoid-like body;
and (7) sawing along a sixth sawing path: fixing the flat saw kerf of the trapezoid-like body obtained in the step (6) on a sports car band saw machine table downwards, wherein the flat saw kerf is obtained by sawing a saw blade along a fifth saw path; starting a running car band saw to enable a saw blade of the running car band saw to saw a rough edge plate along the center of the trapezoid-like body along a sixth saw path;
and (8) sawing along a seventh sawing path: cutting off a wedge-shaped part of the small fan-shaped material obtained after the burr plates are cut off in the step (7) along a seventh saw path, wherein the width of the cut surface is 23cm, and thus obtaining a small trapezoid-like body;
and (9) sawing along an eighth sawing path: fixing the flat saw kerf of the small trapezoid-like body obtained in the step (8) on a sports car band saw machine table downwards, wherein the flat saw kerf is obtained by sawing a saw blade along a seventh saw path; starting a running car band saw to enable a saw blade of the running car band saw to saw a rough edge plate along the center of the small trapezoid-like body along the eighth saw path;
step (10), deburring: removing burrs of the obtained burr plate to prepare a specification plate;
step (11), drying: sending the standard wood with the burrs removed into a wood drying kiln, drying until the water content of the wood is 11% -13%, and placing the wood in a shady and cool place to adjust the equilibrium water content until the water content of the wood reaches the local equilibrium water content;
step (12), polishing: sending the plate with the specification obtained in the step (11) into a double-sided press planer to carry out double-sided fixed-thickness planing;
step (13), manufacturing a test piece: and cutting the small test piece according to the national standard requirement.
2. The manufacturing method of the physical and mechanical test material for the wood with the high outturn rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the thickness of the rough edge plate in the steps (3), (5), (7) and (9) is not less than 23 cm.
3. The manufacturing method of the physical and mechanical test material for the wood with the high outturn rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the diameter of the log in the step (1) is more than or equal to 14 cm.
4. The method for manufacturing the physical and mechanical test wood with high outturn rate according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), in the process of cutting off the log segment, decay, discoloration and wounds at the end of the log segment are cut off.
5. The manufacturing method of the physical and mechanical test material for the wood with the high outturn rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (3) when the rough edge plate is sawn and cut in the steps (3), (5), (7) and (9), the saw path is adjusted left and right to enable the wood annual ring to be perpendicular to the saw path, and after sawing, the standard radial cutting wood rough edge plate is obtained.
6. The manufacturing method of the physical and mechanical test material for the wood with the high outturn rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: drying the standard material at a temperature not higher than 60 ℃.
7. The manufacturing method of the physical and mechanical test material for the wood with the high outturn rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the double-sided thickness setting size in the step (12) is 20cm, and the allowable error is +/-0.5 mm.
8. The manufacturing method of the physical and mechanical test material for the wood with the high outturn rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (4) the allowable error between the specification of the test piece in the step (13) and the size of the finally manufactured standard test piece is +/-0.5 mm.
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Application publication date: 20201201 Assignee: RONGXIAN RUNDA FURNITURE CO.,LTD. Assignor: GUANGXI ZHUANG AUTONOMOUS REGION FORESTRY Research Institute Contract record no.: X2022450000424 Denomination of invention: A method of making wood physical and mechanical test materials with high wood yield Granted publication date: 20220318 License type: Common License Record date: 20221227 |