CN112008822A - A method for making physical and mechanical test materials of wood with high yield rate - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for manufacturing a physical and mechanical test material of wood with high outturn percentage, which mainly comprises the steps of (1) removing impurities and cutting off; sawing along the first sawing path to obtain two sections of semi-circular materials; sawing along a second sawing path to cut out a rough edge plate; sawing along a third sawing path to obtain a fan-shaped log section; sawing along a fourth sawing path to cut out a rough edge plate; sawing along a fifth sawing path to cut off a wedge part; sawing along a sixth sawing path to cut out a rough edge plate; sawing along a seventh sawing path to cut off a wedge part; sawing along an eighth sawing path to cut out a rough edge plate; step (10), deburring; step (11), drying; step (12), planing; and (13) manufacturing a test piece. The plate has high utilization rate and high outturn rate, reduces the waste of the plate, protects germplasm resources and ensures that the number of samples meets the national standard requirement.

Description

A method for making physical and mechanical test materials of wood with high yield rate

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of wood sawing, and relates to a method for making a physical and mechanical test material of wood with a high yield rate.

Background technique

In the process of wood performance testing or functional improvement, logs need to be sawn into boards, and the boards are dried and then processed into test pieces of various specifications according to national standards. Logs are usually sawed by the burr undersaw method or the symmetrical undersaw method. The wood physical and mechanical test specimens have strict requirements on the texture of the wood, that is, the specimens required to be produced have standard cross-section, radial-section and chord-section. When the boards cut by the commonly used down sawing method are processed into physical and mechanical specimens of various specifications, only a small part of the wood in the middle of a board meets the requirements, most of the boards are wasted, and the yield rate is low, which also requires collection The number of samples is sufficient. Plantation tree species (such as eucalyptus and fir) are usually small in diameter class. In order to meet the sampling requirements of national standards, it is often necessary to collect a large number of samples. However, some wood samples involve the protection of germplasm resources, the number of samples collected is limited, and it is difficult to obtain specimens, which is not conducive to wood performance testing or functional improvement research.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, in order to protect germplasm resources, ensure that the quantity of samples meets the requirements of national standards, and improve the utilization rate of wood, the present invention provides a method for producing wood physical and mechanical test materials with high yield rate.

In order to realize the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:

A method for making a physical and mechanical test material for wood with a high yield rate mainly comprises the following steps:

Step (1), remove impurities, cut off: completely remove the bark and other sundries on the surface of the log, and the log is horizontally cut into a log section with a length of 1m;

Step (2), sawing along the first sawing road: select a section of log section to be processed and send it into the machine of the sports car band saw to be fixed, and the center of the cross section of the log section is facing the saw blade of the sports car band saw; start the sports car band The saw makes the saw blade divide the log section into two along the first sawing path to obtain two semi-circular logs;

Step (3), sawing along the second sawing road: the semicircular material obtained in step (2) is fixed on the sports car band saw machine table, and the cross section of the semicircular material is facing the saw blade of the sports car band saw; start the sports car The band saw causes the saw blade to cut the semi-circular timber along the second saw path to cut out a burr board;

Step (4), sawing along the third sawing path: fix the flat saw edge of the semi-circular material remaining after cutting the burr plate in step (3) on the sports car band saw machine table downward, and the flat saw edge is formed by the saw blade. The second sawing road is sawed and obtained; the sports car band saw is started so that its saw blade divides the semi-circular log into two parts along the third sawing road, and two fan-shaped log segments are obtained;

Step (5), sawing along the fourth sawing road: the flat saw edge of the sector-shaped log segment obtained in step (4) is fixed on the sports car band saw table downward, and the flat saw edge is formed by the saw blade along the second The cross section of the fan-shaped log segment is directly facing the saw blade of the sports car band saw; the sports car band saw is started so that the saw blade cuts the fan-shaped log segment into a rough edge board along the fourth sawing path;

Step (6), sawing along the fifth sawing road: the sector material obtained in the step (5) is cut off the wedge-shaped part along the fifth sawing road, and the width of the cut surface is 23cm, to obtain a trapezoid-like body;

Step (7), sawing along the sixth sawing road: fix the flat saw edge of the trapezoid-like body obtained in step (6) on the sports car band saw table downward, and the flat saw edge is sawed along the fifth by the saw blade. Road sawing can be obtained; start the sports car band saw to make its saw blade cut a piece of burr board along the center of the trapezoid-like body along the sixth sawing road;

Step (8), sawing along the seventh sawing road: the small sector material obtained after cutting off the burr plate in the step (7) cuts off the wedge-shaped part along the seventh sawing road, and the excision surface width is 23cm to obtain a small trapezoid;

Step (9), sawing along the eighth sawing road: fix the flat saw edge of the small trapezoid body obtained in step (8) downward on the sports car band saw machine table, and the flat saw edge is sawed along the seventh saw blade by the saw blade. Road sawing can be obtained; start the sports car band saw so that its saw blade will cut a burr board along the center of the small trapezoid body along the eighth sawing road;

Step (10), deburring: the burrs of the obtained burr board are removed, and the specification plate is made;

Step (11), drying: the burr-removed specification wood is sent to a wood drying kiln, dried to a wood moisture content of 11%-13%, placed in a cool and shady place to adjust the equilibrium moisture content, until the wood moisture content reaches the local equilibrium moisture content;

Step (12), planing: the specification plate of step (11) is sent into double-sided pressing planing for double-sided fixed-thickness planing;

Step (13), test piece making: cutting small test pieces according to the requirements of national standards.

Preferably, the thickness of the burr board described in the above steps (3), (5), (7) and (9) is not less than 23 cm. The thickness of the burr board should be sufficient for shrinkage and processing allowance, and the wood in the plantation has large shrinkage, so the thickness of the burr board should not be less than 23cm.

Preferably, the diameter of the logs described in the above step (1) is greater than or equal to 14 cm.

Preferably, in step (1), in the process of cutting the log segment, the decay, discoloration and wounds at the end of the log segment are cut off.

Preferably, in the above steps (3), (5), (7) and (9), when sawing the rough edged board, adjust the saw path left and right so that the tree rings and the saw path are perpendicular to each other, and after the sawing process, a standard radial cut is obtained. Wood edge board.

Preferably, the specification material described in the above step (11) is dried, and the drying temperature should not be higher than 60°C.

Preferably, the size of the double-sided fixed thickness described in the above step (12) is 20cm, and the allowable error is ±0.5mm.

Preferably, the allowable error between the size of the test piece described in the above step (13) and the final size of the standard test piece is ±0.5 mm. .

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. The cross section, radial section and chord section of the plate sawed by the lower sawing method of the present invention are neat, and the annual rings are parallel on the material surface, and each plate can be processed into multiple pieces of different specifications and meet the requirements of physical and mechanical tests. The utilization rate of plates is high, and the yield is high, which reduces the waste of plates, protects germplasm resources, and ensures that the number of samples meets the requirements of national standards.

2. The production method of the present invention is simple in process, convenient in operation, and refers to the wood properties and growth characteristics of plantation logs to the greatest extent.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a manufacturing process according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a partial down saw of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the first sawing path under the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the second sawing path of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the third and fourth sawing paths of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the down saw in the fifth saw path of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a lower saw in the sixth saw path of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a down saw in the seventh sawing path of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the down saw of the eighth sawing path of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a conventional down-saw method of down-sawing.

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a conventional three-side down sawing method.

Attached identification:

1- The first saw road, 2- The second saw road, 3- The third saw road, 4- The fourth saw road, 5- The fifth saw road, 6- The sixth saw road, 7- The seventh saw road, 8 - Eighth saw road.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments.

Example 1:

Select 12 fast-growing plantation eucalyptus clones, 7 years old, diameter at breast height is more than 14cm, average diameter at breast height is about 18cm, and the stem shape is straight. Cut down the sample trees, each sample tree from the root of the trunk along the trunk direction 0 ~ 2.0m, 2.0 ~ 4.0m, 4.0 ~ 6.0m to intercept 3 sections of logs, the length of the timber is 2m. According to GB/T192098-2009 "General Principles of Wood Physical and Mechanical Test Methods", the most standard specimens are selected for sawing processing, that is, the specifications are: 20cm×20cm×20cm.

A method for making a physical and mechanical test material for wood with a high yield rate mainly comprises the following steps:

Step (1), remove impurities, cut off: completely remove the bark and other sundries on the surface of the log, and the log is horizontally cut into a log section with a length of 1m;

Step (2), sawing along the first sawing road: select a section of log section to be processed and send it into the machine of the sports car band saw to be fixed, and the center of the cross section of the log section is facing the saw blade of the sports car band saw; start the sports car band The saw makes the saw blade divide the log section into two along the first sawing path to obtain two semi-circular logs;

Step (3), sawing along the second sawing road: the semicircular material obtained in step (2) is fixed on the sports car band saw machine table, and the cross section of the semicircular material is facing the saw blade of the sports car band saw; start the sports car The band saw makes the saw blade cut out a 23cm wide burr board along the second saw path;

Step (4), sawing along the third sawing path: fix the flat saw edge of the semi-circular material remaining after cutting the burr plate in step (3) on the sports car band saw machine table downward, and the flat saw edge is formed by the saw blade. The second sawing road is sawed and obtained; the sports car band saw is started so that its saw blade divides the semi-circular log into two parts along the third sawing road, and two fan-shaped log segments are obtained;

Step (5), sawing along the fourth sawing road: the flat saw edge of the sector-shaped log segment obtained in step (4) is fixed on the sports car band saw table downward, and the flat saw edge is formed by the saw blade along the second The cross section of the fan-shaped log segment is directly facing the saw blade of the sports car band saw; the sports car band saw is started so that the saw blade cuts the fan-shaped log segment along the fourth sawing path to a 23cm wide burr board;

Step (6), sawing along the fifth sawing road: the sector material obtained in the step (5) is cut off the wedge-shaped part along the fifth sawing road, and the width of the cut surface is 23cm, to obtain a trapezoid-like body;

Step (7), sawing along the sixth sawing road: fix the flat saw edge of the trapezoid-like body obtained in step (6) on the sports car band saw table downward, and the flat saw edge is sawed along the fifth by the saw blade. Road sawing can be obtained; start the sports car band saw to make its saw blade cut a 23cm wide burr board along the center of the trapezoid-like body along the sixth sawing road;

Step (8), sawing along the seventh sawing road: the small sector material obtained after cutting off the burr plate in the step (7) cuts off the wedge-shaped part along the seventh sawing road, and the excision surface width is 23cm to obtain a small trapezoid;

Step (9), sawing along the eighth sawing road: fix the flat saw edge of the small trapezoid body obtained in step (8) downward on the sports car band saw machine table, and the flat saw edge is sawed along the seventh saw blade by the saw blade. Road sawing can be obtained; start the sports car band saw to make its saw blade cut a piece of 23cm wide burr board along the eighth sawing road along the center of the small trapezoid-like body;

Step (10), deburring: the burrs of the obtained burr board are removed, and the specification plate is made;

Step (11), drying: the burr-removed specification wood is sent to a wood drying kiln, dried to a wood moisture content of 11%-13%, placed in a cool and shady place to adjust the equilibrium moisture content, until the wood moisture content reaches the local equilibrium moisture content;

Step (12), planing: the specification plate of step (11) is sent into double-sided pressing planing for double-sided fixed-thickness planing;

Step (13), test piece making: cutting small test pieces according to the requirements of national standards.

The diameter of the log described in the above step (1) is greater than or equal to 14cm.

In step (1), in the process of cutting the log segment, the decay, discoloration and wounds at the end of the log segment are cut off.

During the above steps (3), (5), (7) and (9), when sawing the burr board, adjust the saw path left and right so that the wood annual rings and the saw path are perpendicular to each other. After the sawing process, a standard radial-cut burr board is obtained .

The specification material described in the above step (11) is dried, and the drying temperature should not be higher than 60°C.

The size of the double-sided fixed thickness described in the above step (12) is 20cm, and the allowable error is ±0.5mm.

The allowable error between the specifications of the test piece described in the above step (13) and the size of the final standard test piece produced is ±0.5 mm. .

Comparative example 1 (sawing method under wool board):

Select 12 fast-growing plantation eucalyptus clones, 7 years old, diameter at breast height is more than 14cm, average diameter at breast height is about 18cm, and the stem shape is straight. Cut down the sample trees, each sample tree from the root of the trunk along the trunk direction 0 ~ 2.0m, 2.0 ~ 4.0m, 4.0 ~ 6.0m to intercept 3 sections of logs, the length of the timber is 2m. According to GB/T192098-2009 "General Principles of Wood Physical and Mechanical Test Methods", the most standard specimens are selected for sawing processing, that is, the specifications are: 20cm×20cm×20cm.

Select any section of eucalyptus logs and send them to the machine of the sports car band saw for fixing, and the center of the cross section of the log segment is facing the saw blade of the sports car band saw; start the sports car band saw so that the saw blade cuts the first side panel along the edge of the log The thickness of the side panel is about 15cm, and then sawed in parallel along one side.

The obtained raw edge boards are made into standard boards, which are sent to a wood drying kiln for drying, and dried until the wood moisture content is 11%-13%. The dried boards are stacked in a ventilated and cool place to adjust the equilibrium moisture content until the wood moisture content Achieving the local equilibrium moisture content; planing the adjusted specifications on both sides with fixed thickness, and then sawing small test pieces according to the requirements of national standards.

Comparative example 2 (three-side down sawing method):

Select 12 fast-growing plantation eucalyptus clones, 7 years old, diameter at breast height is more than 14cm, average diameter at breast height is about 18cm, and the stem shape is straight. Cut down the sample trees, each sample tree from the root of the trunk along the trunk direction 0 ~ 2.0m, 2.0 ~ 4.0m, 4.0 ~ 6.0m to intercept 3 sections of logs, the length of the timber is 2m. According to GB/T192098-2009 "General Principles of Wood Physical and Mechanical Test Methods", the most standard specimens are selected for sawing processing, that is, the specifications are: 20cm×20cm×20cm.

Select any section of eucalyptus logs and send them to the machine of the sports car band saw for fixing, and the center of the cross section of the log segment is facing the saw blade of the sports car band saw; start the sports car band saw so that the saw blade cuts the first side panel along the edge of the log The thickness of the side board skin is about 15cm, and then the log is turned 90° outward, and the adjacent side board skin is sawed. The second side board skin has the same thickness as the first side board skin. Then parallel to this sawing surface, the sawing plane is successively sawed into boards. When the sawing reaches a certain level, it is turned inward at 180°, and then the board is sawed off, and then sawed into boards in turn.

The obtained raw edge boards are made into standard boards, which are sent to a wood drying kiln for drying, and dried until the wood moisture content is 11%-13%. The dried boards are stacked in a ventilated and cool place to adjust the equilibrium moisture content until the wood moisture content Achieving the local equilibrium moisture content; planing the adjusted specifications on both sides with fixed thickness, and then sawing small test pieces according to the requirements of national standards.

Table 1. The yield of sawing method and specification samples

As can be seen from Table 1, the method of the present invention (Example 1) is compared with the yield of sawn timber processed by the conventional wool board under-saw method (Comparative example 1) and the three-sided under-saw method (Comparative example 2), and the rough board under-saw The sawing method (Comparative Example 1) and the three-side down sawing method (Comparative Example 2) are slightly higher than the method of the present invention, and the yield of standard wood is 8.31% and 1.83% higher, respectively. In terms of the yield of standard samples, the method of the present invention produced the largest number of standard samples, followed by the under-saw method of the rough board (Comparative Example 1) and the three-sided under-saw method (Comparative Example 2); The rate is 17.5% and 25.81% higher than that of the wool board under-saw method (Comparative Example 1) and the three-sided under-saw method (Comparative Example 2), respectively. It can be seen that although the yield of the specification material of the present invention is slightly lower than that of the rough board sawing method (Comparative Example 1) and the three-sided downward sawing method (Comparative Example 2), the number of standard test pieces and the yield of the standard specimens produced are far higher. The method of sawing under the wool board (Comparative Example 1) and the method of sawing on three sides (Comparative Example 2).

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made according to the scope of the patent application of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A method for manufacturing a physical and mechanical test material of wood with high outturn rate is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method mainly comprises the following steps:

step (1), impurity removal and truncation: completely removing bark and other impurities on the surface of the log, and transversely cutting the log into log sections with the length of 1 m;

step (2), sawing along the first sawing path: selecting a section of log to be processed, feeding the log into a machine table of a sports car band saw for fixing, wherein the center of the cross section of the log section is over against a saw blade of the sports car band saw; starting a running car band saw to enable a saw blade to divide the log into two along a first saw path to obtain two sections of semi-circular wood;

and (3) sawing along a second sawing path: fixing the semi-circular material obtained in the step (2) on a sports car band saw machine table, wherein the cross section of the semi-circular material is over against a saw blade of the sports car band saw; starting a running car band saw to enable a saw blade to saw the semi-circular material into a burr plate along a second saw path;

and (4) sawing along a third sawing path: fixing the flat saw kerf of the residual semi-circular material cut off from the burr plate in the step (3) on a sports car band saw machine table downwards, wherein the flat saw kerf is obtained by sawing a saw blade along a second saw path; starting a running car band saw to enable a saw blade of the running car band saw to divide the semi-circular wood into two parts along a third saw path, and obtaining two fan-shaped log sections;

and (5) sawing along a fourth sawing path: fixing the flat saw kerf of the fan-shaped log section obtained in the step (4) downwards on a sports car band saw machine table, wherein the flat saw kerf is obtained by sawing a saw blade along a second saw path, and the cross section of the fan-shaped log section is over against the saw blade of the sports car band saw; starting a running car band saw to enable a saw blade of the running car band saw to saw a burr plate of the fan-shaped log section along a fourth saw path;

and (6) sawing along a fifth sawing path: cutting off the wedge-shaped part of the fan-shaped material obtained in the step (5) along a fifth saw path, wherein the width of a cutting surface is 23cm, and thus obtaining a trapezoid-like body;

and (7) sawing along a sixth sawing path: fixing the flat saw kerf of the trapezoid-like body obtained in the step (6) on a sports car band saw machine table downwards, wherein the flat saw kerf is obtained by sawing a saw blade along a fifth saw path; starting a running car band saw to enable a saw blade of the running car band saw to saw a rough edge plate along the center of the trapezoid-like body along a sixth saw path;

and (8) sawing along a seventh sawing path: cutting off a wedge-shaped part of the small fan-shaped material obtained after the burr plates are cut off in the step (7) along a seventh saw path, wherein the width of the cut surface is 23cm, and thus obtaining a small trapezoid-like body;

and (9) sawing along an eighth sawing path: fixing the flat saw kerf of the small trapezoid-like body obtained in the step (8) on a sports car band saw machine table downwards, wherein the flat saw kerf is obtained by sawing a saw blade along a seventh saw path; starting a running car band saw to enable a saw blade of the running car band saw to saw a rough edge plate along the center of the small trapezoid-like body along the eighth saw path;

step (10), deburring: removing burrs of the obtained burr plate to prepare a specification plate;

step (11), drying: sending the standard wood with the burrs removed into a wood drying kiln, drying until the water content of the wood is 11% -13%, and placing the wood in a shady and cool place to adjust the equilibrium water content until the water content of the wood reaches the local equilibrium water content;

step (12), polishing: sending the plate with the specification obtained in the step (11) into a double-sided press planer to carry out double-sided fixed-thickness planing;

step (13), manufacturing a test piece: and cutting the small test piece according to the national standard requirement.

2. The manufacturing method of the physical and mechanical test material for the wood with the high outturn rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the thickness of the rough edge plate in the steps (3), (5), (7) and (9) is not less than 23 cm.

3. The manufacturing method of the physical and mechanical test material for the wood with the high outturn rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the diameter of the log in the step (1) is more than or equal to 14 cm.

4. The method for manufacturing the physical and mechanical test wood with high outturn rate according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), in the process of cutting off the log segment, decay, discoloration and wounds at the end of the log segment are cut off.

5. The manufacturing method of the physical and mechanical test material for the wood with the high outturn rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (3) when the rough edge plate is sawn and cut in the steps (3), (5), (7) and (9), the saw path is adjusted left and right to enable the wood annual ring to be perpendicular to the saw path, and after sawing, the standard radial cutting wood rough edge plate is obtained.

6. The manufacturing method of the physical and mechanical test material for the wood with the high outturn rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: drying the standard material at a temperature not higher than 60 ℃.

7. The manufacturing method of the physical and mechanical test material for the wood with the high outturn rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the double-sided thickness setting size in the step (12) is 20cm, and the allowable error is +/-0.5 mm.

8. The manufacturing method of the physical and mechanical test material for the wood with the high outturn rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (4) the allowable error between the specification of the test piece in the step (13) and the size of the finally manufactured standard test piece is +/-0.5 mm.

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